Building Utilities I

Building Utilities I
Backflow Riser
-is a term in plumbing for an unwanted -is a supply line, usually made of metal or
flow of water in the reverse direction. It plastic that is intended to connect a faucet
can be a serious health risk for the or shower fixture to the stop valve of the
contamination of potable water supplies water supply. Plumbing risers are
with foul water. commonly made of copper. Metal flex
risers, however, are actually corrugated,
Siphonage which allows them to be bendable.
-is a the emptying of the liquid in a
container through a tube to another Public Sewer
container that is placed in a lower -a pipe or drain, usually underground,
position. used to carry off water and waste matter.
BIP Sanitary Sewer

-also called a foul sewer and a
Branch covered sewer. is an underground carriage
- any part of a drain system other than the system specifically for transporting
main, riser or stack; also known as a sewage from houses and commercial
lateral line. buildings through pipes to treatment or
disposal. Sanitary sewers serving
Diameter industrial areas also carry industrial waste
water.
Fixture Rods
-devices that provide a supply of water Siamese Connection
and/or its disposal (example: sinks, tubs, -is a pipe fitting that allows two or more
toilets etc...) fire hoses to beconnected to a single
standpipe riser at the same general
Inverts location. It is so-called due to the visual
-portion of the interior of a drain or sewer allegory to Siamese twins.
pipe where the liquid is deepest.
Stand Pipe
Main Sewer -is a type of rigid waterpiping which is
-a principal pipe in a system that distribute built into multi-story buildings in a
s water or gas or electricity or that collects vertical position or bridges in a horizontal
sewage position, to which fire hoses can be
connected, allowing manual application of
Plumbing Fixture water to the fire.
-is an exchangeable device which can be
connected to a plumbing system to deliver
and drain water.
Soil Pipe Maintenance of Septic Tank
-a pipe carrying wastes from toilets and
sometimes from waste pipes. User behaviors
Stack Excessive disposing of cooking oils and

-is a single pie for soil. which is uses for grease can cause the inlet drains to block.
separate ventilation.it uses only one Oils and grease are often difficult to
pipe.which carries night soil as well as degrade and can cause odor problems and
sullage and removal of gases. difficulties with the periodic emptying.
Trap Flushing non-biodegradable waste items

-is a U-, S-, or J-shaped pipe located down the toilet such as cigarette
below or within a plumbing fixture. is butts, cotton buds/swabs or menstrual
used to prevent sewer gases from entering hygiene products(e.g. sanitary
buildings. In refinery applications, it also napkins or tampons) can cause a septic
prevents hydrocarbons and other tank to clog and fill rapidly. Therefore,
dangerous gases from escaping outside these materials should not be disposed of
through drains. in that manner; the same applies when the
toilet is connected to a sanitary
Vent Stack sewer instead of a septic tank.
-is used to filter gasses away from a home
or business and is a crucial component in Using the toilet for disposal of food waste
an indoor plumbing system. It typically can cause a rapid overload of the system
runs inside of the walls of a structure and with solids and contribute to failure.
exits out of the roof. Most notably, they
are used to vent sewer gas as well as to Certain chemicals may damage the
create an air supply to allow the drains components of a septic tank or kill the
and toilets to operate smoothly. The vent bacteria needed in the septic tank for the
stack is a critical part of any building's system to operate properly, such
design. as pesticides, herbicides, materials with
high concentrations of bleach or caustic
soda (lye) or any other inorganic materials
Down Spout such as paints or solvents.
-is a pipe for carrying rainwater from a
rain gutter. Downspouts are usually The flushing of salted water into the septic
vertical and usually extend down to system can lead to sodium binding in the
ground level. drainfield. The clay and fine silt particles
bind together and effectively waterproof
the leach field, rendering it ineffective.
Other Factors
Roots from trees and shrubbery growing

above the tank or the drainfield may clog
and/or rupture them. Trees that are directly
within the vicinity of a concrete septic
tank have the potential to penetrate the
tank as the system ages and the concrete
begins to develop cracks and small leaks.
Tree roots can cause serious flow
problems due to plugging and blockage of
drain pipes, added to which the trees
themselves tend to expand extremely
vigorously due to the ready supply of
nutrients from the septic system.
Playgrounds and storage buildings may

cause damage to a tank and the drainage
field. In addition, covering the drainage
field with an impermeable surface, such as
a driveway or parking area, will seriously
affect its efficiency and possibly damage
the tank and absorption system.
Excessive water entering the system will

overload it and cause it to fail. Checking
for plumbing leaks and practicing water
conservation will help optimize the
system's operation.
Very high rainfall, rapid snowmelt,

and flooding from rivers or the sea can all
prevent a drain field from operating, and
can cause flow to back up, interfering with
the normal operation of the tank. High
winter water tables can also result
in groundwater flowing back into the
septic tank.
Over time, biofilms develop on the pipes

of the drainage field, which can lead to
blockage. Such a failure can be referred to
as "biomat failure".
3 Chamber Septic Tank
How to Calculate Septic Tank Size

Building Utilities I

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Building Utilities I

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Building Utilities I

BIP Sanitary Sewer

Stack Excessive disposing of cooking oils and

Trap Flushing non-biodegradable waste items

Roots from trees and shrubbery growing

Playgrounds and storage buildings may

Excessive water entering the system will

Very high rainfall, rapid snowmelt,

Over time, biofilms develop on the pipes

How to Calculate Septic Tank Size

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