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Energy - Units and Conversions: Dr. M. Subramanian

This document discusses energy and power units and conversions. It defines energy as the ability to do work and power as the rate at which work is performed. The document provides examples of common energy and power units like joules, watt-hours, kilowatts and discusses prefixes used for multiples of units. It also gives examples of magnitudes of typical energy and power levels from appliances to power plants. Conversions between different units are demonstrated along with examples of calculating energy from power over time.

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Sudarshan Gopal
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
80 views

Energy - Units and Conversions: Dr. M. Subramanian

This document discusses energy and power units and conversions. It defines energy as the ability to do work and power as the rate at which work is performed. The document provides examples of common energy and power units like joules, watt-hours, kilowatts and discusses prefixes used for multiples of units. It also gives examples of magnitudes of typical energy and power levels from appliances to power plants. Conversions between different units are demonstrated along with examples of calculating energy from power over time.

Uploaded by

Sudarshan Gopal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CH6601 Energy Engineering

Unit - 1

Energy - Units and Conversions

Dr. M. Subramanian

Associate Professor
Department of Chemical Engineering
Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering
Kalavakkam – 603 110, Kanchipuram (Dist)
Tamil Nadu, India
subramanianm@ssn.edu.in
Feb-2016
Contents

• Energy, Power

• Units and conversions

20-Aug-2015 M Subramanian
Power and Energy

• Energy = Power x Time

• Energy (E) is the ability to do work.

• Power (P) is the rate at which work is performed.

• Analogies: Energy is a measurable quantity like distance. Power


is a rate like speed.

20-Aug-2015 M Subramanian
Units Conversions

1 lb = 0.454 kg

1 US gallon = 3.79 litre

1 barrel of oil (1 bbl) = 42 US gallon = 159 litre

20-Aug-2015 M Subramanian
Multiples
Prefix Abbreviation Scientific *Number
Notation
Kilo k 103 Thousand

Mega M 106 Million

Giga G 109 Billion

Tera T 1012 Trillion

Peta P 1015 Quadrillion

Exa E 1018 Quintillion

* The system used in the U.S. is not the same as that used in other countries
(like Great Britain, France, and Germany). In these other countries, a billion (bi
meaning two) has twice as many zeros as a million, and a trillion (tri meaning
three) has three times as many zeros as a million, etc. But the scientific
community seems to use the American system.
20-Aug-2015 M Subramanian
Energy Units

• Calorie, Joule, BTU, Fuel equivalent, watt-hour

• 1 cal = 4.184 J

• 1 BTU = 1055 J

• 1 unit of electricity = 1 kWh

• The tonne of oil equivalent (toe) is a unit of energy: the


amount of energy released by burning one tonne of crude oil,
equals 42.6 GJ

20-Aug-2015 M Subramanian
Magnitudes of Energy

20-Aug-2015 M Subramanian
Power Units

• W, kW, MW, GW, hp, ton of refrigeration

• 1 hp = 740 W

• 1 ton of refrigeration = 50 kcal/min = 1200 BTU/h

• Watt = volt x ampere


= volt x ampere x power factor

20-Aug-2015 M Subramanian
Magnitudes of Power

Kitchen appliances : 50 – 500 W

Passenger cars : 50 – 100 kW

Wind turbine : 0.2 – 1 MW

Large steam and


water driven turbo turbines : 500 – 800 MW

Modern fossil-fuel based


thermal power plant : 1000 MW

20-Aug-2015 M Subramanian
Power and Energy

• Many people violate the definitions of power and energy. Some


people do it publicly, thereby misleading unfortunate readers.

20-Aug-2015 M Subramanian
Units Conversion - example problem

• If you turn on 4 light bulbs, each rated at 40 W, how long can


they be on before you reach 1 kWh?

4 bulbs x 40W/bulb = 160 W


E=P x t => t=E/P = 1 kWh/160W = 1kWh/0.16 W = 6.25 h

20-Aug-2015 M Subramanian
Units Conversion - exercise problems

1. In 2004, for the World-wide generation of 16,074 terawatt


hours of electricity, 3.7 billion tons of oil equivalent was used.
Calculate the efficiency of thermal energy conversion to
electricity. (1 toe = 42 GJ)

2. In 2006, India had 144 GW of installed electric capacity and


generated 703 billion kWh. What is the percent capacity
utilization of electric power stations?

20-Aug-2015 M Subramanian
Capacity Factor of a Power Plant

• The net capacity factor of a power plant is the ratio of its actual
output over a period of time, to its potential output if it were
possible for it to operate at full nameplate capacity continuously
over the same period of time.

• To calculate the capacity factor, take the total amount


of energy the plant produced during a period of time and divide
by the amount of energy the plant would have produced at full
capacity.

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