Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                

Batangas State University College of Engineering, Architecture and Fine Arts

Download as docx, pdf, or txt
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1of 15

Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY


College of Engineering, Architecture and Fine Arts
Electronics and Communication, Instrumentation and
Control, and Mechatronics Engineering Department

EE 425
CIRCUITS 2

LABORATORY REPORT I
Series RC and RL Circuits

Casilao, Princess Lheakyrie R.


ECE-2202

Submitted to:
Engr. Jonas De Castro
Instructor

February 10, 2017


Introduction
For the second laboratory, the source is alternating current. AC circuits contain
two or more than two components connected in series. In a parallel circuit, each
component carries the same current. An AC circuit may be classified as under RL, RC
and RLC circuits.

According to circuit globe website a circuit that contains pure resistance R ohms
connected in series with a pure capacitor of capacitance C farads is known as RC
Series Circuit. A sinusoidal voltage is applied to and current I flow through the
resistance (R) and the capacitance (C) of the circuit. In a series RC circuit connected to
an AC voltage source, the currents in the resistor and capacitor are equal and in phase.
While the total voltage should be equal to the sum of voltages on the resistor and
capacitor. Impedance is the measure of the opposition to the flow of an alternating
current in circuit; the aggregation of its resistance, inductive and capacitive reactance.
That is represented by the symbol Z.

On the other hand, in an RL series circuits a pure resistance is connected in


series with a coil having a pure inductance. When an AC supply voltage V is applied the
current, I flows in the circuit. I R and IL will be the current flowing in the resistor and
inductor respectively, but the amount of current flowing through both the elements will
be same as they are connected in series with each other.
Data and Analysis

Table 1.0 Table 1.1


R C TOTAL Z Z’ % Diff
Voltag 130 170 300 644.2353 Ω 668.1967 Ω 3.719 4 %
e (V)
Curren 0.32 0.32 0.32
t (A)

Table 2.0 Table 2.1


R L TOTA RL Z Z’ % Diff
L 9.69267 Ω 647.2163 Ω 644.8580 Ω 0.3643 %
Voltag 110 160 270
e (V)
Curren 0.3 0.3 0.3
t (A)

Table 1.1

ET 130 V E C 160 V
R= = =406.25 Ω XC = = =500 Ω
I T 0.32 A I C 0.32 A

Z=√ R 2+ X 2C ¿ √ 406.252 +5002=644.235254Ω

1 1
XC = = =530.516477 Ω
2 πfC 2 π (60 Hz)(5 x 10−6 F)

Z ' =R− j X C =406.25− j530.516477=668.1966738∠ -52.55643639⁰

= 668.1966738 ∠ 3007.4435636⁰

= 668.1966738 Ω

% Diff = | Z 'Z−Z|X 100 %=|668.1966738−644.235254


644.235254 |X 100 %=3.719358674 %

Table 2.1

E r 110 V E L 160 V
R= = =366.6666667Ω X L = = =533.3333333 Ω
I r 0.3 A I L 0.3 A
X L =2 πfL=2 π (60 Hz)(1.389 H )=523.6406635 Ω

R L= X L(measured )− X L ¿¿

Z=√ R 2+ X 2L= √366.66666672 +533.33333332=647.2162613 Ω

Z ' =R+ R L + j X L =366.6666667+9.6926698+ j523.6406635

¿ 376.3593365+ j 523.6406635

¿ 644.8579904 ∠54.2923160

¿ 644.8579904 Ω

% Diff = | Z 'Z−Z|X 100 %=|644.8579904−647.2162613


647.2162613 |X 100 %=0.364371391 %

Circuit Design

1. Draw a series RC circuit design that has 100W lamp, and connected to 220V, 60
cycle and consists of capacitor C. the capacitive reactance is 884.1941 Ω and the
total impedance is 1007.9956 Ω. Calculate the value of R and C.

R=√ Z 2−X C 2 =√(1007.9956)2−(884.1941)2=484.9999 Ω

1 1 1
XC = C= = =3 µF
2 πfC 2 πf X C 2 π ( 60 ) ( 884.1941Ω )

2. Design a RL Circuit which has a total impedance of 665.0844 Ω and series with a
100W lamp, when the circuit is connected to 220V, 60 cycles. Find the
inductance of an inductor.
Z=665.0844 Ω
Z=R+ j X L

2202
R= =484 Ω
110
X L =√ Z 2−R2 =√ 665.0844 2−4842=456.1592Ω
X L 456.1592475
L= = =1.2100 H
2 πfL 2 π (60 Hz)

Problems

1. What value of resistance should be placed in parallel with a 50 µF capacitor in


order to have a total power factor of 0.8 on a 60 cycle AC system?

Given:
C = 50 µF
p.f. = 0.8
f = 60 Hz
Solution:
1 1
XC = = =53.0516 Ω
2 πfC 2 π ( 60 ) ( 50 × 10−6 )
θ=cos−1 p . f .=cos−1 0.8=36.8699 °
X
θ=tan −1 C
R| |
XC 53.0516 Ω
R= = =70.7355 Ω
tanθ tan 36.8699°
2. A pure capacitor and a pure resistor are connected in series in an AC circuit. A
voltmeter reads 30V when connected across the capacitor and 40V when
connected across the resistor. What will it read when connected across both?

Solution:

V S =√ V R 2+V C 2 =√ 402 +302=50 V

3. A current of 2.5A is observed in 120V 60Hz circuit which consists of pure


resistors and pure inductor in series. The voltage across the resistor and inductor
are found to be identical. Calculate the value of resistance and inductance.
Given:
VR = V L
I = 2.5A
Vt = 120V
f = 60Hz
Solution:

V t =√ V R2 +V L2= √ V R2 +V R 2=√ 2V R2=V R √2


V t 120
V R=V L = = =60 √ 2 V
√2 √2
V R 60 √2 V
R= = =24 √ 2 Ω=33.9411 Ω
I 2.5 A
V L 60 √ 2V
X L= = =24 √ 2 Ω
I 2.5 A
X L 24 √ 2 Ω
L= = =0.09 H
2 πf 2 π (60)
Conclusion

Based from the series RC circuit that was constructed, the voltages and currents
measured from each terminal from series RC circuit we constructed are shown in data.
As the branches are connected in series, the measured current throughout the circuit
apparently shows a consistent value. The value of total RC circuit impedance is
calculated using the measured values and the theoretical resistance and capacitance
values. While from the series RL circuit, the voltages and current measured are similar
to the RC circuit. It shows a consistent current value at 0.32 A.

In an RC circuit, the voltage of the resistor is in phase with the current while the
voltage of the capacitor is 90 degrees lagging the current. Therefore, there is a 90
degrees difference between the voltage of the resistor and the capacitor. Next, the
inductor voltage in an RL circuits leads the current by 90 degrees. Therefore, there is a
90 degrees difference between the resistor voltage and the inductor voltage. I therefore
conclude that the behavior of current and voltage in an RC and RL circuit is the same as
the circuits that only have a resistor. We also see that there is a small percent of
differences between the measure impedance and the calculated impedance.

Recommendation
From the data gathered and conclusion of this experiment, the following are
recommended:

1. Before carrying out the experiment each material and equipment should be 
tested.
2. The discrepancy between the theoretical and the real values can be further expla
ined using different parameters in both measured and estimated values.
3. By conducting the experiment, safety precautions should be taken, since high vol
tage is used in the circuit.
Documentation
Current (A) across series RC Circuit

Figure 3.28 (a) Measure of the total current

Figure 3.28 (b) Measure of the current I2 across the resistor (R)
Figure 3.28 (c) Measure of the current I3 across the capacitor (C)
Voltage (V) across series RC Circuit

Figure 3.29 (a) Measure of the total voltage

Figure 3.28 (b) Measure of the voltage across the resistor (R)

Figure 3.28 (c) Measure of the voltage across the capacitor (C)
Current (A) across series RL Circuit

Figure 3.31 (a) Measure of the total current

Figure 3.31 (b) Measure of the current across the resistor (R)

Figure 3.31 (c) Measure of the current across the inductor (L)
Voltage (V) across RL Circuit

Figure 3.32 (a) Measure of the total voltage

Figure 3.32 (b) Measure of the voltage across the resistor (R)

Figure 3.32 (c) Measure of the voltage across the inductor (L)

Current (A) across series RC Circuit


Voltage (V) across series RC Circuit
Current (A) across series RL Circuit
Voltage (V) across RL Circuit
References

Electrical4U. (2018). RL Series Circuit. Retrieved February 2020, from


https://www.electrical4u.com/rl-series-circuit/

Reddy, A. K., Saxena, P., Tanisha, Isaac, & James, A. (2016, April 7). What is RL
Series Circuit? - Phasor Diagram & Power Curve. Retrieved from
https://circuitglobe.com/what-is-rl-series-circuit.html

Nidhi, & Roy, S. D. (2016, April 7). What is RC Series Circuit? Phasor Diagram and
Power Curve. Retrieved from https://circuitglobe.com/what-is-rc-series-circuit.html

You might also like