Batangas State University College of Engineering, Architecture and Fine Arts
Batangas State University College of Engineering, Architecture and Fine Arts
Batangas State University College of Engineering, Architecture and Fine Arts
EE 425
CIRCUITS 2
LABORATORY REPORT I
Series RC and RL Circuits
Submitted to:
Engr. Jonas De Castro
Instructor
According to circuit globe website a circuit that contains pure resistance R ohms
connected in series with a pure capacitor of capacitance C farads is known as RC
Series Circuit. A sinusoidal voltage is applied to and current I flow through the
resistance (R) and the capacitance (C) of the circuit. In a series RC circuit connected to
an AC voltage source, the currents in the resistor and capacitor are equal and in phase.
While the total voltage should be equal to the sum of voltages on the resistor and
capacitor. Impedance is the measure of the opposition to the flow of an alternating
current in circuit; the aggregation of its resistance, inductive and capacitive reactance.
That is represented by the symbol Z.
Table 1.1
ET 130 V E C 160 V
R= = =406.25 Ω XC = = =500 Ω
I T 0.32 A I C 0.32 A
1 1
XC = = =530.516477 Ω
2 πfC 2 π (60 Hz)(5 x 10−6 F)
= 668.1966738 ∠ 3007.4435636⁰
= 668.1966738 Ω
Table 2.1
E r 110 V E L 160 V
R= = =366.6666667Ω X L = = =533.3333333 Ω
I r 0.3 A I L 0.3 A
X L =2 πfL=2 π (60 Hz)(1.389 H )=523.6406635 Ω
R L= X L(measured )− X L ¿¿
¿ 376.3593365+ j 523.6406635
¿ 644.8579904 ∠54.2923160
¿ 644.8579904 Ω
Circuit Design
1. Draw a series RC circuit design that has 100W lamp, and connected to 220V, 60
cycle and consists of capacitor C. the capacitive reactance is 884.1941 Ω and the
total impedance is 1007.9956 Ω. Calculate the value of R and C.
1 1 1
XC = C= = =3 µF
2 πfC 2 πf X C 2 π ( 60 ) ( 884.1941Ω )
2. Design a RL Circuit which has a total impedance of 665.0844 Ω and series with a
100W lamp, when the circuit is connected to 220V, 60 cycles. Find the
inductance of an inductor.
Z=665.0844 Ω
Z=R+ j X L
2202
R= =484 Ω
110
X L =√ Z 2−R2 =√ 665.0844 2−4842=456.1592Ω
X L 456.1592475
L= = =1.2100 H
2 πfL 2 π (60 Hz)
Problems
Given:
C = 50 µF
p.f. = 0.8
f = 60 Hz
Solution:
1 1
XC = = =53.0516 Ω
2 πfC 2 π ( 60 ) ( 50 × 10−6 )
θ=cos−1 p . f .=cos−1 0.8=36.8699 °
X
θ=tan −1 C
R| |
XC 53.0516 Ω
R= = =70.7355 Ω
tanθ tan 36.8699°
2. A pure capacitor and a pure resistor are connected in series in an AC circuit. A
voltmeter reads 30V when connected across the capacitor and 40V when
connected across the resistor. What will it read when connected across both?
Solution:
Based from the series RC circuit that was constructed, the voltages and currents
measured from each terminal from series RC circuit we constructed are shown in data.
As the branches are connected in series, the measured current throughout the circuit
apparently shows a consistent value. The value of total RC circuit impedance is
calculated using the measured values and the theoretical resistance and capacitance
values. While from the series RL circuit, the voltages and current measured are similar
to the RC circuit. It shows a consistent current value at 0.32 A.
In an RC circuit, the voltage of the resistor is in phase with the current while the
voltage of the capacitor is 90 degrees lagging the current. Therefore, there is a 90
degrees difference between the voltage of the resistor and the capacitor. Next, the
inductor voltage in an RL circuits leads the current by 90 degrees. Therefore, there is a
90 degrees difference between the resistor voltage and the inductor voltage. I therefore
conclude that the behavior of current and voltage in an RC and RL circuit is the same as
the circuits that only have a resistor. We also see that there is a small percent of
differences between the measure impedance and the calculated impedance.
Recommendation
From the data gathered and conclusion of this experiment, the following are
recommended:
1. Before carrying out the experiment each material and equipment should be
tested.
2. The discrepancy between the theoretical and the real values can be further expla
ined using different parameters in both measured and estimated values.
3. By conducting the experiment, safety precautions should be taken, since high vol
tage is used in the circuit.
Documentation
Current (A) across series RC Circuit
Figure 3.28 (b) Measure of the current I2 across the resistor (R)
Figure 3.28 (c) Measure of the current I3 across the capacitor (C)
Voltage (V) across series RC Circuit
Figure 3.28 (b) Measure of the voltage across the resistor (R)
Figure 3.28 (c) Measure of the voltage across the capacitor (C)
Current (A) across series RL Circuit
Figure 3.31 (b) Measure of the current across the resistor (R)
Figure 3.31 (c) Measure of the current across the inductor (L)
Voltage (V) across RL Circuit
Figure 3.32 (b) Measure of the voltage across the resistor (R)
Figure 3.32 (c) Measure of the voltage across the inductor (L)
Reddy, A. K., Saxena, P., Tanisha, Isaac, & James, A. (2016, April 7). What is RL
Series Circuit? - Phasor Diagram & Power Curve. Retrieved from
https://circuitglobe.com/what-is-rl-series-circuit.html
Nidhi, & Roy, S. D. (2016, April 7). What is RC Series Circuit? Phasor Diagram and
Power Curve. Retrieved from https://circuitglobe.com/what-is-rc-series-circuit.html