Chair of St.

Peter School
4th Quarter – Handout
Music and Arts 7
Name ______________________________________________________________________
Grade&Section ______________________________________________________________
MUSIC
Philippine Festival
 Ati-atihan- is a festival held every third Sunday of January in the honor of Sto. Nino in the
island and town of Kalibo, Aklan in the Philippines.It is known as the “Mother of All Filipino
Festival”.
 Kadayawan Festival – it is held to celebrate life and culture of Davao
 Moriones Festival – this is where men and women wore costumes and masks to replicate the
garb of biblical Roman soldiers.
 Sinulog Festival – this festival dramatize the arrival of the Spaniards and the presentation of
the Sto. Nino to the queen.
 Ibalon– it is the epic story of the town of Ibalon with three legendary heroes, namely: Baltog,
Handyong and Bantong.
 Sublian Festival – it is a ceremonial worship dance in honor of the Holy Cross.

Theatrical forms in the Philippines

 Komedyais a colorful theatrical tradition with plots that revolve around social, political, and
religious themes between Christians and Muslims.
Types of Komedya
a. Secular komedya – performed in local fiestas
b. Religious komedya – include the Senakulo or Siete Palabras
Characteristic of Komedya
a. Tibag or Arkya is secular komedya which is celebrated during the Santacruzan.
b. Moro-moro is a type of secular komedya which depicts the battle between Christian and
Muslim.
c. Sarswela is a famous theater form or melodrama.
Types of Sarswela
a. SandugongPanaginipis the first Filipino opera dubbed in Tagalog language.
b. Sampaguita is a popular melody composed by Pedro Paterno’s sister Dolores.
c. WalangSugatis a sarswela play, which talks about the Filipino foibles weak points)
d. Paglipas ng Dilimis a sarswela play that attacks social evils likue usury.
 Bodabilis an entertainment composed of song and dance numbers, slapstick comedy routines,
magic acts, and chorus girls.
ARTS
Religious Festival
 Ati-atihan– considered as the most spectacular festival for lovers of carnival- or Mardi Gras-
like activities.
 Sinulog – the Cebuano’s transition from paganism to Catholicism
 Dinagyang– celebrated to show reverence of Santo Nino and to remember the arrival of the
Malay immigrants
 Moriones– a colorful festival of masked and costumed native townspeople who march around
the streets in Marinduque.
  Carabao Festival –the culmination is the presentation of the talents if the carabao and the
kneeling of the carabaos at the end of the show.
 Pahiyas Festival – a harvest festival in honor of San Isidro Labrador, the patron saint of
farmers here in the Philippines.
 Higantes Festival – the main attraction of the festival is the parade of giant papier mache.
 Santacruzan– is a ritual pageant shown by means of religious parade by the Catholic devotees
of St. Helena.
Non-Religious/Regional Festival
 Panagbenga or Flower Festival – a celebration to pay homage to the beautiful flowers that
bloom in Baguio.
 Masskara Festival –highlight of the festival are the masks worn by participants who join the
energetic and vibrant street dances.
 Kadayawan Festival – a celebration of bountiful harvest of fruits and vegetables.
 Giant Lantern Festival – features a contest of giant lanterns with sirze ranging from three feet
to 16 feet.
Philippines Theatrical Forms
 Komedya or Moro-moro– is a folk drama. It shows how Christians defeated the Moros.
 Cenaculo or Senakulo– is another dramatic performances presented during the Holy Week. It
shows the passion and death of Jesus Christ.
 Zarzuela – is a dramatic form of presentation, which consists of short pieces of songs and
recitations. It has a history of serving as powerful tool of inspiring nationalism during the first
decade of American rule.

Source: The 21st Century MAPEH in ACTION 7, Gerardo C. Lacia

 Chair of St. Peter School
4th Quarter – Handout
Music and Arts 8
Name ______________________________________________________________________
Grade&Section ______________________________________________________________
MUSIC
 WayangKulitis the traditional shadow puppet theater of Indonesia.
Characteristics:
a. The Puppets – the sizes of the puppets should range from 6 inches to more than 3 feet
which are mounted on sticks from the buffalo horn. A complete set of WayangKulit puppets
is composed of 300-400 figures and the entire performance runs for 9-10 hours.
b. The Characters – based on or originated from the two epic stories of Hinduism:
Mahabharata or Ramayana
c. The Dalang– the puppeteer and conductor
 The Gamelan – this ensemble is the heart of art of music of Indonesia
a. Saron – the basic melodic instrument
b. Rebab – is a two-stringed bowed and the blown suling flute enhances the melody.
c. Gender Panerus– in gamelan, it is the highest pitch in gender family
d. Slentem – in the gender family it plays the lowest pitch.
 Kabuki (The Japanese Theater) – “KA” means “song”. “BU” means “dance” and “KI” means
“skills”
 The love for Kabuki Theater among the Japanese started in 1603 with the first performance of
Okuni, a shrine dancer at Kyoto wherein the performance was a combination of religious and
folk dance.
Characteristics:
a. Costumes – performers’ costumes stress the role being portrayed by the actors. It also
shows the latest fashion or style of the present day.
b. Dance – the first performers dance with an exceptional blend of folk and religious dance.
c. Make up – another element which is very important in Kabuki performances.
d. Music – in kabuki, it is used as sound effects like the wooden clappers where it serves as
the signal for the start and end of the play.
Instruments and music that accompany Kabuki play are:
a. Hyoshigi– also known as “ki” and “tanniki”, is a wooden clapper used in a ceremonial music
in a Kabuki play to signal the beginning and end of the performance in the Kabuki. It is used
as the curtain opens and closes.
b. Hayashi – musical ensemble for Kabuki theater which is a live performance of the shamisen
players.
c. Debayashi– this is an onstage music performance in full view of the audience.
a. Nagauta – it is performed on tiered platform at the backstage.
b. Joruri – is an ensemble located at the left side of the stage.
d. Hyudorodoro– it is used to mark the appearance of the ghost play by the instruments of flute
and drum.
e.Geza– this music is used for some special effects in Kabuki, the musicians are invisible and
the audience are (kagebayashi – the hidden musicians) seated ar the lower seats of the
stage.
 The Peking Opera of China – it is believed that after the four Anhui opera troupes came to
Beijing, Chinese Peking Opera had grown fast to its development because of the Emperor
Qianlong.
 Characteristics:
a. Instrumental Music – are classified into two: Wuchang, which is a military instrumentation,
where most of the instruments are percussion; and the Wenchang, which means a civic
instrumentation.
b. Solo song – arias is an example of a solo music or a song that portrays one of the
characters.
c.Musical Speech – where the actors are speaking through music.

ARTS
Festivals and Theatrical Forms of Asia
 Thai Lantern Festivals – the festivals take place during the festival of Loy Kratong in Chiang
Mai. In this festival, family members, lovers, and friends gather on the riverbanks to float flowers
and candles. The Thais believe that bad luck will fly away with the lanterns.
 Kabuki – is a popular theater in Japan. It is famous for its highly artistic showmanship.
 Japanese Noh Theater – Noh is very old form of dance drama at temples or shrines which is
dated back from the 12th or 13th century. In the olden times, it was performed by the samurai or
the warrior class as their expression of prayer for peace and long life.It is now acclaimed as
Intangible Cultural Heritage by the UNESCO.
 WayangKulitis a popular theater in Indonesia. It is part of religious rituals. It could also be for
entertainment. Wayang means the art of puppetry. A dalang is a puppet master.
 Chinese Theater is unique because it is presentational. The theater is known in Chinese as
jingxi or jingju or “drama of the capital city”.
How is color used to represent the character of an actor in a Peking play?
a. red-painted face represents a character who is brave and honest.
b. green-painted face symbolizes a character who is hard-headed, disobedient, and someone
who lacks self-control.
c. a face who is painted white shows a character who is not loyal and cannot be trusted.

Source: The 21st Century MAPEH in ACTION 8, Gerardo C. Lacia

 Chair of St. Peter School
4th Quarter – Handout
Music and Arts 9
Name ______________________________________________________________________
Grade&Section _____________________________________________________________
MUSIC
 Art Song – musical representation of a poem
- It is mostly accompanied by the piano
- The pianist is not just merely an accompaniment but an equal partner to the singer.
- In an art song, poetry is set to music, which further enhance the poem.
- Art songs may be strophic where a tune is repeated for each stanza.
 Opera – is an art form presented in a theatrical setting where singers and musicians perform a
dramatic musical work combining text and a musical score.
Famous Composer During the Romantic Era
 Franz Schubert – he was an also an excellent singer. He was credited for creating the German
Lied.
 Giuseppe Verdi – was an Italian Romantic composer whose works are well-known all over the
world. One of his famous pieces was a requiem for his friend, Alessandro Manzoni.
 Giacomo Puccini – was an Italian operatic composer. In his opera’s, Puccini used the theme,
“he who has lived for love, has died for love”.

ARTS
Greek Theaters
 The theater served as the means of the people to express their religious beliefs.
Oedipus Rex
 Plot – a famous ancient Greek tragedy written by Sophocles. It was about the life of a man
called Oedipus, who at birth was prophesied by an oracle that he would unintentionally kill his
father and marry his mother.
 Characters – alternate in voicing contrasting positions.
- Use the other character’s words and suggest other meanings.
- Possesses hamartia or tragic flaw of character; in the case of Oedipus, hubris, or excessive
pride.
 Language – theatrical and lofty language
- Use of stichomythia, a dialog involving a dispute presented in alternating lines
- the dialog is used as a device to heighten the emotional intensity of the scene.
 Costume – actors and chorus wore colorful bright costumes and masks.
 Layout and form of the Greek ancient theater;
- It has been told that a Greek theater is composed of a large circular orchestra, a theatron,
and a skene.
- The orchestra serves as the acting and dancing area.
- There is an altar at the center of the orchestra.
- A semi-circular theatron is the auditorium or the viewing place. It is usually part of a slope of
a hill.
- The skene is the place to change costumes or a place for actors to rest.
- The ancient theater, Theater of Dionysus still exists at the south slope of the Acropolis in
Greece.
Renaissance
 Shakespearean Theater – is based on the plays written by the great English playwright and
poet, William Shakespeare. Shakespeare is considered as the greatest playwright in the history
of English literature.
- Shakespeare’s works are classified into three genres: comedy, tragedy, and history. An
example of his comedy is “The Taming of the Shrew”.
- The drama “Julius Ceasar” is his famous tragedy.
Costumes and Sets in Shakespeare’s Theater
 Costumes – men’s clothing; elaborate, flamboyant, colorful, stylish, and stunning men’s
garments. Decorated with feathers and jewels. Those who play the role of craftsmen and
ordinary people wear a beret or a small flat crap that has a narrow brim. Women’s clothing;
intricate, stylish, colorful garment that usually has two parts: a bodice and a petticoat or a skirt
 Theater buildings – the shape is usually round or octagonal
 In Elizabethan theater buildings, the audience surround the stage on three sides. The
commoners are in a standing area around the stage, and the nobility stays in the galleries, a
seating area under a roof.
 Stage – may or may not be protected by a canopy. A platform in design, it is sometimes called
as “three-quarter round”. The stage provides a sense of greater intimacy because it allows
performance to take place in the midst of the auditorium, while still allowing for theatrical,
illusionistic effects through the use of the upstage end and adjacent off stage where other
characters and props positioned.
 Acting style – the acting style for the early Elizabethan plays was heroic and exaggerated, like
the play themselves.
 Language – magnificent poetry

Example of an Opera:
 Carmen is the best operatic example of naturalism, an art movement which is popular in France
in the late 19th century.
 Carmen, the opera, is based on a French novella by the French writer, Prosper Merimee.
Merimee was inspired to write the story in his trip to Spain.

Source: The 21st century MAPEH in ACTION 9, Gerardo C. Lacia

 Chair of St. Peter School
4th Quarter – Handout
Music and Arts 10
Name ______________________________________________________________________
Grade&Section _____________________________________________________________

MUSIC
Musical Play – is a form or theatrical presentation.
Elements of a Musical
a. Score – it is written by a composer. It is the music for the entire show, which is composed of a
number of songs.
b. Lyrics – the words to the songs.
c. Script – which is also known as book, is the dialogue that the actors speak.
Broadway Musical – is American’s contribution to musical drama.
Key Organizers of a Musical
a. choreographer – creates the dances and manages the overall movements of the performance to
match the direction’s vision.
b. costume designer – decides and oversees the creation of what will the actors wear.
c. Director – organizes of all the elements and key players into his or her overall vision for the
performance.
d. Lighting designer – makes sure that everything on stage seen; sets the mood of each scene; and
sets and create the atmosphere and time of day.
e. Musical director – conducts the actors while singing as well as the instrumentalist who play the
score.
f. set designer – plans and oversees the creation of the illusory world in which the production takes
place.

ARTS
Philippine Theater Group
a. Philippine Educational Theater Association (PETA) – it moves toward issue-based theater and helps
bring about social and political awareness and change through its programs, performances, and
workshops.
b. Tanghalang Pilipino (TP) – it is known for its production of original Filipino plays. Working under the
umbrella of the Cultural Center of the Philippines.
c. Repertory Philippines (RP) – began in 1967 when two women, Zenaida Amador and Baby Barredo,
dreamed of giving Pilipinos a chance to watch a world-class play, Miss Julie, in their country. They
produced blockbuster shows that include well-known musicals such as Les Miserables.
d. New Voice Company (NVC) – the company became famous when it produced the Vagina
Monologues abroad. NVC was founded to help expose Philippines audiences to an awareness of the
many social and political concerns in the country through theater arts.
e. Trumpets -asia’s first professional gospel theater group. Trumpet is known for wholesome family
entertainment musicals.
Roles in Theater Production
a. Director – the key figure.
b. Stage manager – the architect of the performing arts.
c. Set designer – the sets includes all the sceneries, furniture and props that the audience sees on
stage.
d. Costume, mask, and accessories designer – costumes aid in creating visually pleasing and effective
performances. They help create the atmosphere and define character for actors and actresses so that
their performances would seem real for their audience.
e. Make-up artist – it accentuates normal features so that they can be clearly projected to the audience,
and it helps to create a character.
Elements of art as applied to an original performance
a. Theme – the central idea of the production.
b. Plot – the story line.
c. Characters – actors and actresses are the various characters interwoven with the plot of the play.
d. Script or libretto – the story is narrated, danced around, or sang through this important element.
e. Music or sound
* natural sounds – gives a feeling of authenticity.