ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT

1974: SCHEDULED WASTES AND

WATER POLLUTION CONTROL

SITI ZALEHA BT IBRAHIM

DIRECTOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, SELANGOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, MALAYSIA

VISION
Environmental conservation for the
well-being of the people

MISSION
To ensure sustainable development
in the process of nation building
 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT 1974

38 subsidiary Environmental
Regulations introduced to deal
with specific issues ranging from:
 industrial effluents
 sewage discharges
 air emissions from industries
 motor vehicles emissions
 prohibition on open burning
 scheduled wastes management
 Environmental Impact
Assessment for prescribed
activities
 DEFINITION OF SCHEDULED WASTES

SCHEDULED WASTE

Any waste falling within the categories listed in the First

Scheduled of Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes)
Regulations 2005

Scheduled waste is potentially harmful because it presents

potential risks to:

 human health; and

 the environment
 WASTE CHARACTERISTICS

Ignitability Corrosivity Reactivity Toxicity

FIRST SCHEDULE : LIST OF SCHEDULED WASTES
FIRST SCHEDULE : LIST OF SCHEDULED WASTES
 QUANTITY OF SCHEDULED WASTES
GENERATED (MT)

YEAR 2000 YEAR 2013 YEAR 2014

344,550.34
2,965,611.65 2,541,762.34
Integrated Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal Facility

Kualiti Alam Sdn. Bhd(KASB), November 1998

Trinekens Sdn. Bhd. Sarawak, 2004

 Licensed Off Site Recovery – 517 premises

National Legislation Measure:

 Environmental Quality Act (EQA) 1974

 3 sets of regulations:
• EQ (Prescribed Premises) (SWT & DF) Regulations, 1989
• EQ (Prescribed Premises) (SWT & DF) Order, 1989
• EQ (Scheduled Wastes) Regulation, 2005
 International Legal Binding
 Basel Convention on Transboundary Movement of
Hazardous Waste and Their Disposal, 1993
 Came into force in Malaysia on 6 June 1994
 EQA 1974 and Customs Act 1967 provisions are used in the
implementation of Basel Convention

 Import-Export Control
 Customs Act 1967
 Customs (Prohibition of Export) Order 2012
 Customs (Prohibition of Import) Order 2012
 Guidelines on the Policies and Procedures in the Export and
Import of Wastes, 1994
SCHEDULED WASTES REGULATIONS
SCHEDULED LICENCED
WASTE SCHEDULED
GENERATOR WASTE FACILITY

LICENCED
SCHEDULED WASTE
TRANSPORTER
TYPES OF FACILITIES REQUIRING LICENCE
– Section 18 EQA 1974
• Transportation
• Off-site storage
• Off-site recovery
• Off-site treatment
• Scheduled waste incinerator
• Land treatment
• Secure landfill
ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND MANAGEMENT OF
SW : CRADLE TO CRADLE
‘ C R A D L E T O C R A D L E ’ PRINCIPLE
WASTE
GENERATOR
CRADLE
SW SW

RECOVERY FACILITY

WASTE TRANSPORTER
WASTE to ENERGY/co-
processing

Waste
Receiver/
Resources
WASTE CRADLE
TRANSPORTER

G R AV E
Disposal
Facility 11
PRINCIPLE OF SCHEDULED WASTES MANAGEMENT-
ENVIRONMENTAL LY SOUND MANAGEMENT
CRADLE TO CRADLE
waste reduction
REDUCTION

CRADLE TO CRADLE
waste minimization
Environmental Sound Management (ESM)

waste utilization
RE-USE

ENVIRONMEMNTAL QUALITY ACT 1974

waste to energy
4R

}
RECYCLING
Resource recovery
RECOVERY

CRADLE TO
Disposal & Treatment

CRADLE TO GRAVE
Pre Treatment: Incineration/ GRAVE
PCT/ solidification

LANDFILL
} Secure Sanitary
landfill
22.4.2013 – CHEMICAL WASTE 15.3.2007 – PAINT SLUDGE &
SOLVENT
SW 409: Used containers contaminated with
chemicals
Illegal Disposal of SW104 Aluminium Dross In Sg
Gatom, Johor
Illegal Disposal of Scheduled Wastes in Port Klang
SW 204 Sludge wastes illegally imported In Pasir Gudang, Johor
 Penalty under Section 34B, EQA 1974
(Amendmend 2007)
Liable to imprisonment for a period not exceeding 5
years and also a fine not exceeding RM500.00.00
 Scheduled Wastes Labelling

Oxidising Spontaneously
agent combustible

Flammable Dangerous
solid when wet
 SCHEDULED WASTES STORAGE

SW Container and labelled

SW Storage Area
SCHEDULED WASTES STORAGE
IMPROPER SW STORAGE
 Landfill & Storage

Secure Landfill Off- Site Storage

 Scheduled wastes Incinerator & Recovery facility

Scheduled Waste Incinerator Scheduled Waste Recovery Facility

ILLEGAL IMPORT OF E-WASTES IN PORT KLANG
 HOW CAN INDUSTRIES BE
INVOLVED?
Industries could play their role in scheduled wastes
management by, among others:-

To apply clean technology, BAT and BEP;

 Minimizing scheduled wastes (SW) generation;
 Increased SW recycling rate;
 Future SW disposal into landfill should be avoided;
Treatment and disposal of SW at approved facilities only;
 Giving full support towards proper SW management;
Reporting illegal SW disposal.
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL
INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT DISCHARGES WITHOUT TREATMENT
SEDIMENT PONDS NOT MAINTAINED
 NUMBER OF POINTS SOURCES SUBJECTED TO
EQA 1974 VS DOE ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS
65000 62259
59874

55516
55000 52334
48427

43889
45000
39760
Number of points sources

34686
35000
29316
26105
25000
17866

15000
10023

5000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
DOE : No. Of Pollution Sources Under EQA (2004 - Ogos 2015)
807 (2000) ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS 1166 (2014)
SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION SOURCES
BY SECTOR, 2015
No Source of water pollution No. of sources
1 Manufacturing industries 3258
2 Agro-based industries
i. Rubber mills 64
ii. Palm oil mills 450
3 Piggery 749
4 Sewage treatment plants
i. Public 6397
ii. Private 11,318
iii. Individual septic tanks (IST) 1,273,978
iv. Communal septic tanks (CST) 3637

5 Wet markets
888
Total 1,300,739
SOURCES OF WATER
POLLUTION
Point Sources
- Manufacturing industries
- Sewage plants
- Landfill treatment plants

11
 Non-Point Sources
• The major polluters are from the non-
point sources which are not under EQA
• DOE Pollution Prevention and Water
Quality Improvement Study-only 20 % of
the pollution sources (point sources) are
under DOE’s jurisdiction. The rest are not.
• Commercial, institutional, hawkers,
sullage, earthworks, agriculture,
aquaculture, restaurants, laundry, car
wash, animal farm, mining, surface run-
offs
 OVERVIEW ON WATER POLLUTION
CONTROL UNDER EQA 1974

Industrial Sewage Leachate Prescribed Prescribed

Effluent Regulations Regulations Premises Premises
Regulations 2009 2009 (Crude (Raw
2009 Palm Oil ) Natural
1977 Rubber)
1978
 Training

Effluent
Competent
Discharge
person
Monitoring
Compliance
TOOLS

Performance
Record Monitoring
keeping
45
IN-SITU MEASUREMENT
47
 In Situ Analysis
Temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

Three reading at three points

Temperature (˚C) pH DO (mg/l)
1st 30.18 7.23 6.87
2nd 30.11 7.32 6.77
3rd 30.16 7.43 6.76
Average 30.15 7.33 6.80
Standard B 40 5.5-9.0 -
5-7 Ok
 Color of aeration change

Floating scum due to poor

sedimentation
Section 25, Environment Quality Act 1974
• Restriction on pollution of inland waters. No person
shall, unless licensed, discharge or deposit any
pollutants or wastes into any inland water in
contravention of the acceptable conditions.

• Penalty: RM 100,000 or 5 years imprisonment or

both and fined RM 1000.00/day

20
Regulation 18.

Prohibition against industrial effluent or mixed

effluent discharge through by-pass

“By-pass" means any diversion of industrial effluent

or mixed effluent from any portion of an industrial
effluent treatment system.
POLLUTION CONTROL APPROACHES
GUIDED SELF- • Environmental Mainstreaming Tools apply
REGULATION • emphasis of enforcement is on Performance
Monitoring (PM) = “Upstream of Final
(GSR) Discharge” or Each Unit Operation/Unit Process
APPROACH

• Enforcement
COMMAND • emphasis of enforcement is on
Compliance Monitoring (CM)= ‘Final
AND CONTROL Discharge”

• Online reporting
• Online Monitoring (in
ENHANCEMENT development progress)
ICT • Online database
• Mobile apps
 GUIDED SELF-REGULATION (GSR) APPROACH

Environmental Mainstreaming Tools

1. Environmental policy 2. Competent person

GUIDED SELF-REGULATION
(GSR) 4. Environmental
3. Performance
• Guided Self Regulation is Management &Decision
monitoring facilities &
whereby the regulated making Process
Instrument
Committee
sectors (primarily, the
industries and project
proponents)are ‘taken by the 6. Data analysis and
hand so to speak, towards 5. Record keeping
interpretation
achieving the goal of self-
regulation through
environmental mainstreaming
tools 7. Reporting and
8. Future improvement
communication
 COMPETENT PERSON
• Regulation 10,
Industrial Effluent
Regulations, 2009
Ensure the
The operation
of IETS should
Certified by
competent
person on
• Training by
Director
be supervised
by competent
General of
duty at
anytime
Environmental Institute
DOE
person during IETS
operation
of Malaysia (EiMAS),
DOE
COMPETENT PERSON PROCESS
Register with
Environment Training Course Comprehensive
Institute Of (Class & Laboratory exams
Malaysian

Professional Field training Engagement with

Interview Report CEO

Update CPD
Certified
(50 hr/year)
GUIDANCE DOCUMENT
ON-LINE DO METER
INDUSTRIAL LAB
 Process/ treatment
Frequency

SV 30
pH
Dissolve
oxygen
Control limit Performance monitoring
Verification
records keeping for IETS
ENFORCEMENT
ACTION
• Written Notice
• Compound
• Seize equipment
• Prosecution
• Revocation of license
• Prohibition order
• Arrest without warrant
 ENFORCEMENT ACTION

IMPACT TO RIVER PRODUCTION AREA

PROHIBTION ORDER DONE INSPECTION DONE

 ENHANCEMENT OF ICT
•
ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE
Electronic Environmental Pollution Control-
Integrated information management system
E-KAS
of environmental pollution sources and
enforcement action
MONITORING SYSTEM

• Online Environmental Reporting- for

OER Industries including Palm Oil mill and
rubber mill, Sewage & Landfill Leachate.
• Frequency, Parameter to be monitored are
specified.

GIS • Geographical information system-for

mapping and overlay with important data

PROPOSED CEDMS • Continuous Effluent Discharge Monitoring

System- Real time for effluent quality
discharge monitoring
ONLINE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTING
 Status Kualiti Air Sungai 2011-2015
100

90
Indeks Kualiti Air (IKA)

80

70

60

50
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 KATEGORI
Sg. Langat 77 77 77 73 74
Sg. Selangor 85 85 83 84 83
Sg. Klang 77 72 73 74 77
Sg. Tengi 77 76 81 75 76
Sg. Buloh 58 56 60 56 63
Sg. Sepang 73 71 84 83 76
 CHALLENGES

Limited Logistic “Snap shot Increasing High public

resources (time- informati- number of expectati-
consuming on” on pollution on and
,travel industry’s sources. complaints
distance) compliance Technology
status and site
suitability
 WAY FORWARD
 Shifting the responsibility for pollution control to the
industries is the new approach taken by the Department in the
formulation of the new regulation for pollution control

 Re strategize the enforcement programs and continuously

improve the compliance monitoring as to find better solution
for pollution prevention and control.

 Enhancement in ICT has shown a promising trend towards

reducing the cost of the enforcement implementation which
could cover a larger number of pollution sources.
NEGARAKU, ALAM SEKITARKU

TERIMA KASIH