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Chapter No- 11
Local Government

MCQ’s with Explanations

1. Ashok Mehta Committee in 1977 recommended for the establishment of:
a) Nagar Panchayat b) Panchayat Samiti
c) Maha Panchayat d) Mandal Panchayat
Ans D
[In December 1977, the Janta Government appointed a committee on Panchayati Raj
institutions under the chairmanship of Ashok Mehta. It submitted its report in August 1978
and made 132 recommendations to revive and strengthen the declining Panchayati Raj
System in the country. Its main recommendations are:
1. The three-tier system of Panchayati Raj should be replaced by the two-tier system, that is,
ZilaParishad at the district level, and below it, the Mandal Panchayat consisting of a group of
villages covering a population of the 15000 to 20000.
2. A district should be the first point for decentralization under popular supervision below the
state level. 3. ZilaParishad should be the executive body and made responsible for planning at
the district level. 4. There should be an official participation of political parties at all levels of
Panchayat elections.]
5. ThePanchayati Raj institutions should have compulsory powers of taxation to mobilize
their own financial resources. 6. There should be a regular social audit by a district level
agency and by a committee of legislators top check whether the funds allotted for the
vulnerable social and economic groups are actually spent on them.7. The state government
should not supersede the Panchayati Raj institutions. In case of an imperative supersession,
election should be held within six months from the date of supersession. 8. The Chief
Electoral Officer of state in consultation with Chief Election Commissioner should organise
and conduct the Panchayati Raj elections.
9. Development functions should be transferred to the Zilaparishad and all development staff
should work under its control and supervision. 10. A minister for Panchayati Raj should be
appointed in the state council of ministers to look after the affairs of the Panchayati Raj
institutions. 11. Seats for SC and St should be reserved on the basis of their population.
Due to the collapse of the Jants Government before the completion of its term, no action
could be taken on the recommendations of the Ashok Mehta Committee at the central level.]

2. Which one of the following was not recommended for Panchayatiraj by Thungon Committee?
a) Constitutional Status b) Planning at Zila Parishad
level
c) Dist. Collector to be Chief Executive of Zila Parishad d) Three year term
Ans D
[In 1988 a committee headed by P.K. Thungon recommended that Panchayati Raj bodies
should be constitutionally recognized and the Constitution should have a provision to ensure
timely and regular election to these bodies and their term should be five years.]

3. Which one of the following is mainly associated with Panchayati Raj in tribal areas?
a) P.K.Thungan Committee b) Dilip Singh Bhuria Committee
c) Sadiq Ali Committee d) DoomarlalBaitha Committee
Ans C

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4. Which one of the following was the first committee to demand constitutional recognition for
Panchayats?
a) Balwantrai Mehta Committee b) Ashok Mehta Committee
c) Santhanam Committee d) G.V.K.Rao Committee
Ans A
[The BalwantRai Mehta Committee submitted its report in November 1957 and recommended
the establishment of the scheme of ‘democratic decentralisation’ which finally came to be
known as Panchayati raj system is to settle the local problems locally and to make the people
politically conscious.]

5. Which one of the following committees is not associated with panchayati Raj in India?
a) Sadiq Ali Committee b) DineshGoswami Committee
c) L.M. Singhvi Committee d) P.K.Thungan Committee
Ans B
[In 1990, Dinesh Goswami Headed a Committee made the following recommendations;
A. The ordering or re-poll or countermanding should be not only be on the report of the
returning officer, but also otherwise and, also to give the Election Commission the requisite
powers to appoint investigating agencies, prosecuting agencies and constitution of special
courts.
B. There is a need for an amendment to the anti-defection law to restrict disqualification only
to those cases, where an elected member voluntarily gives up his membership of the political
party, or when he votes or abstain from voting contrary to party whips, directions etc. only in
respect of motion of vote of confidence. The question of disqualification of members should
not be decided by the speaker or the Chairman of the concerned House.
C. Changes in the voting pattern and shift to proportional representation of the list system,
instead of present voting system should be made (However, this matter was to be further
discussed amongst exports)
D. there should be fresh delimitation on the basis of 1981 census and there should be a
provision for rotation of reserved seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
E. No candidates should be allowed to contest an election from more than two constituencies.
The age of Candidates for assembly seats should be reduced to 21 and for the Council to 25.
F. To discourage non-serious candidates, the security deposit for LokSAbha should be
increased to Rs. 5000 and for Assembly it should be increased to Rs.2500. The amount should
be forfeited if the candidate fails to secure one fourth of the total votes. The member of
proposals to nomination should also be increased.
G. A model code of conduct be framed which would include issues relating to –the use of
official machinery, transport, media, funds etc.
H. There should be a ban on transfer of officials and staff concerted with the elections. The
Commission and the Central Government should continue the periodic revision of election
expenses in consultation with the Election Commission. There should be a six month time
limit for holding bye-elections.
i. Army and Para-military personnel, diplomats and others placed outside India
should be allowed proxy voting.
J. Extensive restructuring of the accounting of election expenses is needed.
K. Monitoring of expenses should be undertaken by the Election Commission, and a speedy
trial of election disputes through the help of adhoc judges should be ensured.
i. There should be provision to punish playing mechanically propelled vehicles,
carrying lethal weapons and fire arms or distributing liquor on, the polling day.

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m. Electronic voting machines should be used to put an end to manipulating and tempering.]

6. In order to ensure free and fair elections and to conduct all elections to the Panchayats, the
power is vested with
a) Chief Election Commissioner of India b) Chief Minister of the State
c) State Election Commission d) Chief Secretary of the State
Ans C

7. The members of Gram Sabhya are

a) Sarpanch, Upsarpanch and all elected Panchas
b) Sarpanch, Upsarpanch and Village level worker
c) Sarpanch, gram Sevak and elected Panchas
d) Registered voters of Village Panchayat
Ans D
[Gram panchayats are local self-governments at the village or small town level, and the
Sarpanch is in charge of it. The Sarpanch has the responsibilities of:
 Maintain street lights, construction and repair work of rods in villages and also the
village markets, fairs, collection of tax, festivals and celebrations.
 Keeping a record of births, deaths and marriage in the village.
 Looking after public health and hygiene by providing facilities for sanitation and
drinking water
 Providing free education.
A gram panchayat consists of between 7 and 17 members, elected from the wards of the
village, and they are called a “panch”. Peoples of village selects panch, with one - eight of
seats reserved for female candidates. To establish a Grampanchayat in a village, the
population of the village should be at least 500 people of voting age.
The main source of income of the Gram Panchayat is the property tax levied on buildings and
open spaces within the village. Other sources of income include professional tax, taxes on
pilgrimage, animal trade, grant received form the State Government in proportion of land
revenue and the grants received form the ZilaParishad. The gramsevak/ gramvikasadhikari is
communicator in government and village panchayat and do works for sarpanch. This post is
in Maharashtra state of India. He is responsible person as sarpanch.
Gramsabha includes all the adult citizen voters of the village. It is empowered to support or
topple down the Gram Panchayat body. This Gram Sabha can contributes number of
decisions taken by the Gram Panchayat and facilitate to modify the week decisions, whenever
they feel. The Gram Panchayat can be established for village having population more than
750 to 25,000. The villages having less population are grouped under group Gram Panchyat.
The number of members usually ranges from 7 to 17 on the strength of village population.
These are various Committees viz. Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Public Works, Social
Welfare and Health and sanitation in village Gram Panchayat.
According to Sec 6 (3) of APPR Act, the meeting of Gram Sabha should compulsorily be held
for two times in a year. The Government has also notified the two dates on which the meeting
to be held compulsorily. The Gram Sabha meeting should be helps on every 14th April and 3rd
October. Conduct of gramsabha yearly twice is a minimum, not maximum. Gram Sabha can
be convened as and when necessary and as many times as possible depending on the need. In,
States like Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Punjab, Sikkim, Uttar
Pradesh there are statutory provisions to hold the gram sabha two times a year, Where as in
states like Assam, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu,

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Orissa, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Gram Sabha are being held 4 times a year. Gram Sabhas are
being held 6 times in a year in Maharashtra.]

8. Election of Rural and Urban local bodies are conducted and ultimately supervised by:
a) Election Commission of India b) State Election Commission
c) District Collector and District Magistrate d) Concerned Returning Officer
Ans B
[The State Election Commissions constituted under the Constitution (Seventy-third and
Seventy – fourth) Amendments Act, 1992 for each State / Union Territory are vested with the
powers of conduct of elections to the Corporations, Muncipalities, ZillaParishads, District
Panchayats, PanchayatSamits, Gram Panchayats and other local bodies. They are independent
of the Election Commission of India.]

9. Which Constitutional Article defines the Panchayat Raj—

a) 243 O b) 243A c) 243 d) 243I
Ans C
[243.Definitions.- In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires,-
a) “District” means a district in a State;
b) “Gram Sabha” means a body consisting of persons registered in the electoral rolls relating
to a village comprised within the area of Panchayat at the village level;
c) “Intermediate level” means a level between the village and district levels specified by the
Governor of a State by public notification to be the intermediate level for the purposes of this
Part;
d) “Panchayat” means an institution (by whatever name called) of self-government
constituted under article 243B, for the rural areas; € “Panchayat area” means the territorial
area of a Panchayat;
f) “Population” means the population as ascertained at the last preceding census of which the
relevant figures have been published;
g) “village” means a village specified by the Governor by public notification to be a village
for the purposes of this Part and includes a group of villages so specified.]
10. In the Indian Constitution, which type of the Sabha is mentioned under Panchayat Raj—
a) District Sabha b) Gram Sabha c) Nagar Panchayat Sabha d) Zila Sabha
Ans B
11. Under Constitutional Article 243, what is the meaning of Panchayat—
a) Self Gram Panchayat Raj b) Government of Village
c) Self Government d) None of the above
Ans C

12. Under Constitutional Article 243D, in Panchayat who gets reservation—

a) Scheduled Caste b) Scheduled Tribes
c) A and B d) None of the above
Ans C
[Article 243D in The Constitution of India 1949 243D. Reservation of seats
(1) Seats shall be reserved for b) the scheduled Tribes, in every Panchayat and the number of
seats so reserved shall bear, as nearly as may be, the same proportion to the, total number of
seats to be filled by direct election in that Panchayat as the population of the Scheduled
Castes in that Panchayat area or of the Scheduled Tribes in that Panchayat area bears to the
total population of that area and such seats may be allotted by rotation to different
constituencies in a Panchayat

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(2) Not less than one third of the total number of seats reserved under clause (1) shall be
reserved for women belonging, to the Scheduled Castes or, as the case may be, the Scheduled
Tribes
(3) Not less than one third (including the number of seats reserved for women belonging to
the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes) of the total number of seats to be filled by
direct election in every Panchayat shall be reserved for women and such seats may be allotted
by rotation to different constituencies in a Panchayat
(4) The offices of the Chairperson in the Panchayats at the village or any other village or any
other level shall be reserved for the Scheduled Castes the Scheduled Tribes and women in
such manner as the Legislature of a State may, by law, provide: Provided that the number of
offices of Chairpersons reserved for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes in the
Panchayats at each level in any State shall bear, as nearly as may be, the same proportion to
the total number of such offices in the Panchayats at each level as the population of the
Scheduled Castes in the State or of the Scheduled Tribes in the State bears to the total
population of the State: provided further that not less than one third of the total number of
offices of Chairpersons in the Panchayats at each level shall be reserved for women: Provided
also that the number of offices reserved under this clause shall be allotted by rotation to
different Panchayats at each level.
(5) The reservation of seats under clauses (1) and (2) and the reservation of offices of
Chairpersons (other than the reservation for women) under clause (4) shall cease to have
effect on the expiration of the period specified in article 334.
(6) Nothing in this Part shall prevent the Legislature of a State from making any provision for
reservation or offices of Chairperson in the Panchayats at any level in favour of backward
class of citizens.]

13. Who make composition of Panchayat under Constitutional Article 243 c)

a) State Assembly b) Lok Sabha c) Council of State d) Legislature of
State
Ans D
[243C.Composition of Panchayats
(1) Subject to the provisions of this part, the Legislature of a State may, by law, make
provisions with respect to the composition of Panchayts: Provided that the ratio between the
population of the territorial area of a Panchayat at any level and the number of seats in such
Panchayat to be filled by election shall, so far as practicable, be the same throughout the
State,
(2) All the seats in a Panchayat shall be filled by persons chosen by direct election from
territorial constituencies in the Panchayt area and, for this purpose, each Panchayat area shall
be divided into territorial constituencies in such manner that the ratio between the population
of each constituency and the number of seats allotted to it shall, so far as practicable, be the
same throughout the Panchayat area
(3) The Legislature of a State may, by law, provide for the representation
a) of the Chair persons of the Panchayats at the village level, in the Panchayats at the
intermediate level or, in the case of a State not having Panchayats at the intermediate level, in
the Panchayuats at the district level;
b) if the Chair persons of the Panchayats at the intermediate level, in the Panchayats at the
district level;
c) of the members of the House of the People and the members of the Legislative Assembly
of the State representing constituencies which comprise wholly or partly a Panchayat area at a
level other than the village level, in such Panchayat;

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d) of the members of the Council of States and the members of the Legislative Council of the
State, where they are registered as electors within
(i) a Panchayat area at the intermediate level, in Panchayat at the intermediate level;
(ii) a Pachayat area at the district level, in Panchayat at the district level
(4) The Chairperson of a Panchayat and other members of a Panchayat whether or not chosen
by direct election from territorial constituencies in the Panchayat area shall have the right to
vote in the meetings of the Panchayats
(5) The Chairperson of
a) Panchayat at the village level shall be elected in such manner as the Legislature of a State
may, by law, provide; and
b) A Panchayat at the intermediate level or district level, shall be elected by, and from
amongst, the elected members thereof.]

14. Which Constitutional Article defines disqualification for the members of Panchayat—
a) Article 243F b) Article 243G c) Article 243I d) None of the
above.
Ans A
[243F. Disqualifications for membership
(1) A person shall be disqualified for being chosen as, and for being, a member of a
Panchayat
a) if he is so disqualified by or under any law for the time being in force for the purposes of
elections to the Legislature of the State concerned: Provided that no person shall be
disqualified on the ground that be is less than twenty five years of age, if he has attained the
age of twenty one years;
b) if he is so disqualified by or under any law made by the Legislature of the State
(2) If any question arises as to whether a member of a Panchayat has become subject to any of
the disqualifications mentioned in clause (1), the question shall be referred for the decision of
such authority and in such manner as the Legislature of a State may, by law, provide.]

15. Which Constitutional Article defines the duration of the Panchayat---

a) Article 243N b) Article 243O c) Article 243E d) Article
243B
Ans C
[243E. Duration of Panchayats, etc
(1) Every Panchayat, unless sooner dissolved under any law for the time being in force, shall
continue for five years from the date appointed for its first meeting and no longer
(2) No amendment of any law for the time being in force shall have the effect of causing
dissolution of a Panchayat at any level, which is functioning immediately before such
amendment, till the expiration of its duration specified in clause (1)
(3) An election to constitute a Panchayat shall be completed
a) before the expiry of its duration specified in clause(1) ;
b) before the expiration of a period of six months from the date of its dissolution; Provided
that where the remainder of the period for which the dissolved Panchayat would have
contained is less than six months, it shall not be necessary to hold any election under this
clause for constituting the Panchayat
(4) A Panchayat constituted upon the dissolution of a Panchayat before the expiration of its
duration shall continue only for the remainder of the period for which the dissolved Panchayat
would have continued under clause (1) had it not been so dissolved.]

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16. Which constitutional Article define ‘Municioalities’-

a) Article 243P b) Article 243Q c) Article 243T d) Article
343U
Ans A
[243 P. Definitions In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires,
a) Committee means a Committee constituted under article 243S;
b) district means a district in a State;
c) Metropolitan area means an area having a population of ten lakhs or more, comprised in
one or more districts and consisting of two or more Municipalities or Panchayats or other
contiguous areas, specified by the Governor by public notification to be Metropolitan area for
the purposes of this Part;
d) Municipal area means the territorial area of a Municipality as is notified by the Governor;
(e) Municipality means an institution of self - government constituted under Article 243Q; (f)
Panchayat means a Panchayat constituted under Article 243B;
(g) population means the population as ascertained at the last preceding census of which the
relevant figures have been published.]

17. Which Constitutional Article defines ‘constitution of Municipalities’—

a) Article 243 M b) Article 243I c) Article 243L d) Article 243Q
Ans D
[243Q. Constitution of Municipalities:
(1) There shall be constituted in every State,
a) a Nagar Panchayat (by whatever name called) for a transitional area, that is to say, an area
in transition from a rural area to an urban area
b) a Municipal Council for a smaller urban; and
c) a Municipal Corporation for a larger urban area, in accordance with the provisions of this
Part: Provided that a Municipality under this clause may not be constituted in such urban area
or part there of a the Governor may, having regard to the size of tile area and the municipal
services being provided or proposed to be provided by an industrial establishment in that area
and such other factors as he may deem fit, by public notification, specify to be an industrial
township
(2) In this article, a transitional area, a smaller urban area or a large urban area means such
area as the Governor may, having regard to the population of the area, the density of the
population therein, the revenue generated for local administration, the percentage of
employment in non -agricultural activities, the economic importance or such other factors as
he may deem fit, specify by public notification for the purposes of this Part.]

18. A Municipal Council is situated in which area—

a) Larger Urban Area b) Urban Area c) Smaller Urban Area d) None of
the above
Ans C
[Municipal governance in India has existed since the year 1687, with the formation of Madras
Municipal Corporation, and then Calcutta and Bombay Municipal Corporation in 1726. In the
early part of the nineteenth century almost all towns in India had experienced some form of
municipal governance. In 1882 the then Viceroy of India, Lord Ripon’s resolution of local
self-government laid the democratic forms of municipal governance in India.
In 1919, a Government of India act incorporated the need of the resolution and the powers of
democratically elected government were formulated. In 1935 another Government of India
act brought local government under the purview of the state or provincial government and
specific powers were given.
Urban local bodies (ULBs) in the country; classified into the four major categories of:

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 Municipal corporation (Nagar Nigam)

 Municipality (municipal council, municipal board, municipal committee) (Nagar
Parishad)
 Town area Committee
 Notified area committee
The municipal corporations and municipalities are fully representative bodies, while the
notified area committees and town area committees are either fully or partially nominated
bodies.

19. Governor issues a notification for which areas on the subject of constitution of Municipal
area—
a) A Transitional Area b) A Smaller Urban Area
c) A Larger Urban Area d) All the Above
Ans D

20. Where wards Committees are found—

a) Gram Sabha b) Gram Panchayat c) Municipalities d) None of the
above
Ans C
[243 S. Constitution and composition of wards Committees, etc.-
1) There shall be constituted Wards Committees, consisting of one or more Wards, within the
territorial area of a Municipality having a population of three lakhs or more.
2) The Legislature of a State may, by law, make provision with respect to—
a) The composition and the territorial area of a Wards Committee;
b) The manner in which the seats in a Wards committee shall be filled.
3) A member of a Municipality representing a Ward within the territorial area of the Wards
Committee shall be a member of that Committee.
4) Where a Ward Committee consists of—
a) One ward, the member representing that ward in the Municipality; or
b) Two or more wards, one of the members representing such wards in the
Municipality elected by the members of the Wards Committee, shall be the
Chairperson of that Committee.
5) Nothing in this article shall be deemed to prevent the Legislature of a State from making
any provision for the Constitution of Committee in addition to the Wards Committees.]

21. Under Constitutional article 343D, a metropolitan area represent how many number of
population—
a) Ten Lakhs or more b) Fifteen Lakhs or more
c) Less than Ten Lakhs d) Less than Five Lakhs
Ans A

22. Under Constitutional Article 243U, what is the maximum duration of Municipalities –
a) 4years b) 6years c) 5 years d) 3 years
Ans C

23. Which Constitutional Article defines Election to Municipalities—

a) Article 243A b) Article 243ZA c) Article 243ZB d) Article 243P
Ans B

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24. Through which Constitutional Amendment, Municipalities continued to be in force in the

state which existed before commencement of the Indian Constitution
a) Seventy-fourth Amendment Act 1992 b) Forty-fourth Amendment Act 1978
c) Forty Fifth Act 1989 d) Forty Seventh Amendment Act 1984
Ans D

25. Which one of the following objectives is not included in the 73 rd Constitutional Amendment
of India:
a) To increase the productivity of the land b) To reduce regional disparity in
development
c) To generate employment
d) To provide essential infrastructure facilities and amenities to the people
Ans B
[73rd Amendment Constitution of India (The panchayats 243)
Definition: In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires:
a) “District” means a district uina State;
b) “Gram Sabha” means a body consisting of persons registered in the electoral rolls relating
to a village comprised within the area of Panchayat at the village level;
c) “Intermediate level” means a level between the village and district levels specified by the
Governor of a State by public notification to be the intermediate level for the purposes of this
part;
d) “Panchayat” means an institution (by whatever name called) of self-government
constituted under article 243B, for the rural areas;
e) “Panchayat area” means the territorial area of a Panchayat;
f) “Population’ means the population as ascertained at the last preceding census of which the
relevant figures have been published;
g) “Village” means a village specified by the Governor by public notification to be a village
for the purpose of this part and includes a group of villages so specified.
243-A.Grama Sabha
 A Gram Sabha a may exercise such powers and perform such functions at the village
levels the Legislature of a State may, by law, provide.
243-B.Constitution of Panchayats
1) There shall be constituted in every State, Panchayats at the village, intermediate and
district levels in accordance with the provisions of this Part. Not with standing anything in
clause (1), Panchayats at the intermediate level may not be constitutive in a State having a
population not exceeding twenty lakhs.
243-C Composition of Panchayats
1) Subject to the provisions of this part, the Legislature of a State may, by law, making
provisions with respect to the composition of Panchayats:
Inserted vide Constitution 73rd Amendment Act, 1992 and came into force on 22.04.1993.
Provided that the ratio between the population of the territorial area of a Panchayat at any
level and the number of seats in such Panchayat to be filled by election shall, so far as
practicable, be the same throughout the State.
2) All the seats in a Panchayat shall be filled by persons chosen by direct election from
territorial constituencies in the Panchavat area and, for this purpose, each Panchayat area shall
be divided into territorial constituencies in such manner that the ratio between the population

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of each constituency and the number of seats allotted to it shall, so far as practicable, ne the
same throughout the Panchayat area.
3) The legislature of a state may, by law, provide for the representation:
a) Of the Chair persons of the Panchayats at the village level, in the Panchayats at the
intermediate level or, in the case of a state not having Panchayats at the intermediate
level, in the Panchayats at the district level;
b) Of the Chairpersons of the Panchayats at the intermediate level, in the Panchayats
at the district level;
c) Of the members of the House o! the people and the members of the Legislative
Assembly of the State representing constituencies which comprise wholly or partly a
Panchayat area at a level other than the village level, in such Panchayat;
d) Of the members of the Council of States and the members of the Legislative
Council of the State, where they are registered as electors within-
(i) A Panchayat area at the intermediate level, in Panchayat at the
intermediate level;
(ii) A Panchayat area at the district level, in Panchayat at the district level.
4) The Chairperson of a Panchayat and other members of a Panchayat whether or not chosen
by direct election from territorial constituencies in the Panchayat area shall have the right to
vote in the meetings of the Panchayats.
5) The Chairperson of –
a) A Panchayats at the village level shall be elected in such manner as the Legislature
of a State may, by law, provide; and
b) A Panchayat at the intermediate level or district level shall be elected by, and from
amongst, the elected members thereof.
243-D.Reservation of seats-
1) Seats shall be reserved for-
a) The Scheduled Castes; and
b) The Scheduled Tribes. In every Panchayat and the number of seats so reserved
shall bear, as nearly as may be, the same proportion to the total number of seats to be
filled by direct election in that Panchayat as the population of the Scheduled Castes in
that Panchayat area or of the Scheduled Tribes in that Panchayat area bears to the
total population of that area and such seats may be allotted by rotation to different
constituencies in a Panchayat.
2) Not less than one-third of the total number of seats reserved under clause (1) shall be
reserved for women belonging to the Scheduled castes or, as the case may be, the Scheduled
Tribes.
3) Not less than one-third (including the number of seats reserved for women belonging to the
Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes) of the total number of seats to be filled by direct
election in every Panchayat shall be reserved for women and such seats may be allotted by
rotation to different constituencies in a Panchayt.
4) The offices of the Chair persons in the Panchayats at the village or any other village or any
other level shall be reserved for the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes and women in
such manner as the Legislature of a State may, by law, provide:
Provided that the number of offices of Chairpersons reserved for the Scheduled Castes and
Scheduled Tribes in the Panchayats at each level in any State shall bear, as nearly as may be,
the same proportion to the total number of such offices in the Panchayats at each level as the
population of the Scheduled at each level as the population of the Scheduled Castes in the
State or of the scheduled Tribes in the State bears to the total population of the State provided

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further that not less than one-third of the total number of offices of Chairpersons in the
Panchayats at each level shall be reserved for women. Provided also that the number of
offices reserved under this clause shall be allotted by rotation to different Panchayats at each
level.
5) The reservation of seats under clauses(1) and (2) and the reservation of offices of
Chairpersons (other than the reservation for women) under clause (4) Shall cease to have
effect on the expiration of the period specified in Article 334.
6) Nothing in this Part shall prevent the Legislature of a State from making any provision for
reservation of seats in any Panchayat or offices of Chair persons in the Panchayats at any
level in favour of backward class of citizens.
243-E Duration of Panchayats etc.
1) Every Panchayat, unless sooner dissolved under any law for the time being in force, shall
continue for five years from the date appointed for its first meeting and no longer.
2) No amendment of any law for the time being in force shall have the effect of causing
dissolution of a Panchayat at any level, which is functioning immediately before such
amendment, till the expiration of its duration specified in clause.(1) .
3) An election to constitute a Panchayat shall be completed –
a) Before the Expirty of its duration specified in clause (1) :
b) Before the expiration of a period of six months from the date of its dissolution:
Provided that where the remainder of the period for which the dissolved Panchayat
would have continued is less than six months it shall not be necessary to hold any
election under this clause for constitution the Panchayat.
4) A Panchayat constituted upon the dissolution of a Panchayat before the expiration of its
duration shall continue only for the remainder of the period for which the dissolved Panchayat
would have continued under clause (1) had it not been so dissolved.
243-F.Disqualifications for membership -
1) A person shall be disqualified for being chosen as, and for being, a member of a
Panchayat–
a) if he is so disqualified by or under any law for the time being in force for
the purposes of elections to the Legislature of the State concerned:
Provided that no person shall be disqualified on the ground that he is less
than twenty-five years of age, if he has attained the age of twenty-one years;
b) If he is so disqualified by or under any law made by the Legislature of the
State.
2) If any question arises as to whether a member of a Panchayat has become subject
to any of the disqualification mentioned in clause (1), thequestion shall be referred for
the decision of such authority and in such manner as the Legislature of a State may,
provide.
243-G.Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats –
Subject to the provisions of the Constitution, the Legislature of a State may, by law, endow
the Panchayats with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to
function as institutions of self-government and such law may contain provisions for the
devolution of powers and responsibilities upon Panchayats at the appropriate level, subject to
such conditions as may be specified therein, with respect to:
a) The preparation of plans for economic development and social justice;
b) The implementation of schemes for economic development and social justice as may be
entrusted to them including those in relation to the matters listed in the Eleventh Schedule.
243-H, Powers to impose taxes by, and Funds of the Panchayats –

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The Legislature of State may, by law,

a) Authorise a Panchayat to levy, collect and appropriate such taxes duties, tolls and fees in
accordance with such procedure and subject to such limits;
b) Assign to a Panchayat such taxes duties, tolls and fees levied and collected by the State
Government for such purposes and subject to such conditions and limits;
c) Provide for making such grants-in-aid from the Consolidated Fund of the State; and
d) Provide for constitution of such funds for crediting all moneys received, respectively, by or
on behalf of the Panchayats and also for the with drawl of such moneys there from as may be
specified in the law.
243-1-Constitution of Finance commission to review financial position. (1)
The Governor of a State shall, as soon as may be within one year from the commencement of
the Constitution (Seventy-third Amendment) Act, 1992, and thereafter at the expiration of
every fifth year, constitute a Finance Commission to review the financial position of the
Panchayats and to make recommendation to the Governor as to-
a) The principles which should govern-
(i) The distribution between the State and the Panchayats of the net proceeds of the
taxes, duties; tolls and fees leviable by the State, which may be divided between them
under this part and the allocation between the Panchayats at all levels of their
respective shares of such proceeds;
(ii) The determination of the taxes, duties, tolls and fees which may be assigned to, or
appropriated by, the Panchayats.]

26. The members of the Panchayat are?

a) Nominated by the district officer
b) The electorates of the respective territorial constituencies
c) Nominated by local self-government minister of the state
d) Nominated by the block development organization
Ans B

27. In the Panchayat Raj system, the ‘Panchayat Samiti is constituted at the
a) Village level b) Block level c) District level d) State level
Ans B

28. Under Constitutional Article 243U, what is the maximum duration of Municipalities-
a) 4 years b) 6years c) 5years d) 3years
Ans C

29. Which Constitutional Article defines the Panchayat Raj

a) 2430 b) 243 A c) 243 d) 243 I
Ans C

30. Under Constitutional Article 343D, a metropolitan area represent how many number of
population—
a) Ten Lakhs or more b) Fifteen Lakhs or more
c) Less than Ten Lakhs d) Less than Five Lakhs
Ans A

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