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Control Statements in Java

The document discusses various control statements in Java including if/else statements, nested if statements, switch statements, and looping statements like while, do-while and for. Selection statements like if/else are used to select between multiple code blocks based on conditions. Iteration statements like while, do-while and for are used to repeatedly execute code for a specified number of times or until a condition is met. Jump statements like break and continue are used to control the flow in loops.

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Ravichandran B
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288 views

Control Statements in Java

The document discusses various control statements in Java including if/else statements, nested if statements, switch statements, and looping statements like while, do-while and for. Selection statements like if/else are used to select between multiple code blocks based on conditions. Iteration statements like while, do-while and for are used to repeatedly execute code for a specified number of times or until a condition is met. Jump statements like break and continue are used to control the flow in loops.

Uploaded by

Ravichandran B
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Control Statements in Java

Control Statements in Java is one of the fundamentals required for Java Programming. It

allows the smooth flow of a program. Following pointers will be covered in this article:

 Simple if statement
 if-else statement
 Nested if statement
 Switch statement
 Looping statements
 While
 Do-while
 For
 For-Each
 Branching statements
 Break
 Continue

Control Statements can be divided into three categories, namely

 Selection statements
 Iteration statements
 Jump statements

Simple if statement
The if statement determines whether a code should be executed based on the specified

condition.

Syntax:

 
if (condition) {
Statement 1; //executed if condition is true
}
Statement 2; //executed irrespective of the condition

Example:

public class Main {


  public static void main(String[] args) {
    int x = 20;
    Int y=18;
    if (x > y) {
      System.out.println("Good day.");
     }
   }
}

Output:

Good day.

If..else statement
In this statement, if the condition specified is true, the if block is executed. Otherwise, the

else block is executed.

Syntax:

 
if (condition1) {
Statement 1; //executed if condition is true
else {
Statement 2; //executed if  condition is false
}
}
 

Example:

public class Main {


  public static void main(String[] args) {
    int time = 20;
    if (time < 18) {
      System.out.println("Good day.");
    } else {
      System.out.println("Good evening.");
    }  
  }
}

Output:

Good evening.

Nested if statement
An if present inside an if block is known as a nested if block. It is similar to an if..else

statement, except they are defined inside another if..else statement.

Syntax:

 
if (condition1) {
Statement 1; //executed if first condition is true
if (condition2) {
Statement 2; //executed if second condition is true
}
else {
Statement 3; //executed if second condition is false
}
}
 
Example:

public class Main {


  public static void main(String[] args) {
    int time = 22;
    if (time < 10) {
      System.out.println("Good morning.");
    } else if (time < 20) {
      System.out.println("Good day.");
    }  else {
      System.out.println("Good evening.");
    }
  }
}
Output:

Good evening.

While
Known as the most common loop, the while loop evaluates a certain condition. If the

condition is true, the code is executed. This process is continued until the specified

condition turns out to be false.

The condition to be specified in the while loop must be a Boolean expression. An error

will be generated if the type used is int or a string.

Syntax:

  while (condition)
{
statementOne;
}
 
Example:

public class Main {


  public static void main(String[] args) {
    int i = 0;
    while (i < 5) {
      System.out.println(i);
      i++;
    }  
  }
}

Output:

0
1
2
3
4

Do..while
The do-while loop is similar to the while loop, the only difference being that the condition

in the do-while loop is evaluated after the execution of the loop body. This guarantees that

the loop is executed at least once.

Syntax do{
: //code to be executed
}while(condition);

 
Example:

public class Main {


  public static void main(String[] args) {
    int i = 0;
    do {
      System.out.println(i);
      i++;
    }
    while (i < 6);  
  }
}

Output:

0
1
2
3
4
5

 
For
The for loop in java is used to iterate and evaluate a code multiple times. When the number

of iterations is known by the user, it is recommended to use the for loop.

Syntax:

  for (initialization; condition; increment/decrement)


{
statement;
}
 
Example:

public class Main {


  public static void main(String[] args) {
    for (int i = 0; i <= 10; i = i + 2) {
      System.out.println(i);
    }  
  }
}

Output:

0
2
4
6
8
10
 

 
For-Each
The traversal of elements in an array can be done by the for-each loop. The elements

present in the array are returned one by one. It must be noted that the user does not

have to increment the value in the for-each loop.


Syntax:

            for (type var : array) 

             { 

                      statements using var;

             }

Example:

public class Main {


  public static void main(String[] args) {
    String[] sub = {"Oops", "DPD", "DS", "CO"};
    for (String i : cars) {
      System.out.println(i);
    }    
  }
}

Output:

Oops
DPD
DS
CO

Switch Statement

The switch statement is a multi-way branch statement. It provides an easy way to


dispatch execution to different parts of code based on the value of the expression.
Basically, the expression can be byte, short, char, and int primitive data types. 
 
Syntax:
/ switch statement 
switch(expression)
{
   // case statements
   // values must be of same type of expression
   case value1 :
      // Statements
      break; // break is optional
   
   case value2 :
      // Statements
      break; // break is optional
   
   // We can have any number of case statements
   // below is default statement, used when none of the cases is true. 
   // No break is needed in the default case.
   default : 
      // Statements
}
 
Example:
 

public class Main {


  public static void main(String[] args) {
    int day = 4;
    switch (day) {
      case 1:
        System.out.println("Monday");
        break;
      case 2:
        System.out.println("Tuesday");
        break;
      case 3:
        System.out.println("Wednesday");
        break;
      case 4:
        System.out.println("Thursday");
        break;
      case 5:
        System.out.println("Friday");
        break;
      case 6:
        System.out.println("Saturday");
        break;
      case 7:
        System.out.println("Sunday");
        break;
    }
  }
}

Output:

Thursday

 
 
 

   
 
 
 

 
 

   

 
 
 Simple if statement:

  The if statement determines whether a code should be executed based on the specified

condition.

Syntax: 

if (condition) {

Statement 1; //executed if condition is true

}
Statement 2; //executed irrespective of the condition

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