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Relations and Formulae

The document contains several equations relating to fluid flow, heat transfer, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, and surface tension. Key equations included the non-dimensional form of the z-component of the equation of motion for duct flow, the Darcy-Weisbach equation relating pressure drop to flow characteristics, expressions for surface tension and contact angle, equations for heat transfer via conduction and convection, equations of state, and relationships for capillary pressure and the volume and surface area of a spherical cap.

Uploaded by

Chiranjeevi Kanike
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
47 views

Relations and Formulae

The document contains several equations relating to fluid flow, heat transfer, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, and surface tension. Key equations included the non-dimensional form of the z-component of the equation of motion for duct flow, the Darcy-Weisbach equation relating pressure drop to flow characteristics, expressions for surface tension and contact angle, equations for heat transfer via conduction and convection, equations of state, and relationships for capillary pressure and the volume and surface area of a spherical cap.

Uploaded by

Chiranjeevi Kanike
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Relations and Formulae

 1  σ −σ
Dw  ∂  ∆P =σ  +
1
 = σ cos θ Y = sv sl
ρ = ρ  + w ⋅ div  w = − grad p + µ ∇ 2 w + k lv lv K
σ lv
Dt  ∂t   r1 r 2 

The non-dimensional form of the z


component (flow direction) of the
equation of motion for flow through
a duct

g β s 3 (Tw1 − Tw 2 )
 l  ρν 2 Re Gr =
Λp =  C f + ζ Re  2 ν 2

 dh  2 dh

dT dp ρ g R2 kT Λ
ρcp = + ε − div ( k grad T ) Bo = λ= Kn = Λ=
1
dt dt
σ 2 pσ L 2 nσ

 θ +θ 
FDriving = 2γ w sin  R L  ( cosθ R − cos θ L )
 2 

𝜖0 𝜖𝑟 1 1 1 ε 0ε d
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃0 + 𝑉2 ; = + ; σ eff
(U ) = σ − U2
2𝑑𝜎 𝐶𝑒𝑞 𝐶1 𝐶2 sl sl
2d

2
ds 1  ε 1 
Le (=Sc/Pr) = α/D, (α=k/ρcp) Ec/Re2 = ν2/(cp∆T d2), Ec = w /c ∆T =  − div q 
r p dt T  ρ ρ 

cosθW = r cos θ , cosθC = f cosθ + (1 − f) cosθ0

The volume and surface area of a spherical cap can be expressed as

𝜋 𝑎3
𝑉 (𝑎, 𝜃) = (2 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃)
3 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃

Where V is the volume of the droplet, a is the base (wetted) radius; R is the radius of the
entire spherical droplet and θ is the contact angle. The surface area can be expressed as
2 𝜋 𝑎2
𝑆 (𝑎, 𝜃) =
1 + cos 𝜃
The flow rate in a tube

8µ LQ
∆P = 4
πR

The capillary pressure drop in presence of a surface tension variation is given by the
following relation, where A and R denote the advancing and receding ends of the droplet.

4 cos θ
=∆Pc (σ ) A − (σ ) R 
d 

ρ gL sin φ
∆Ph =

Pcap = γ lv K

Pl − Pv = −γ lv K − ∏

A B
=
−∏ =
6πδ 3
δ4

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