BFT 211 BUSINESS INNOVATION

SEMESTER 3, SESSION 2020/2021

GROUP ASSIGNMENT:

Amazon Empire

The Rise and reign of Jeff Bezos

SUBMITTED TO:

Y.M.PN. Tengku Suriani Binti Tengku Yaakub

PREPARED BY: Group 7 21C

NAME MATRIC NO

JAFRI WUE BIN HASSAN WUE 191221541

GOH DENG ZIA 191221530

LIM SENG KUAN 191221560

FANG JING TIONG 191221523

NARMATHA NAIR A/P VIJAYKUMAR 191221598

OOI ZI YUAN 191221652

DATE OF SUBMISSION:

16 December 2020
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction------------------------------------------------------1

2. The History and the rise of Amazon--------------------------4

3. Problem faced and solution-----------------------------------13

4. Innovation of Amazon-----------------------------------------25

5. Recommendation for future prospect -----------------------32

6. Conclusion--------------------------------------------------------37

7. References -------------------------------------------------------40

8. Appendices ------------------------------------------------------42

 
 1. Introduction

A person who was born on 12 January 1964, in New Mexico. His first love

was a computer, and he studied electrical engineering and computer science at

Princeton. After graduation, he worked on Wall Street. He became the youngest

senior vice president. Four years later, he quit his job running Amazon.com. This

person is JEFFERY P. BEZOS.

Today, AMAZON is the world's largest Internet-based organization. Amazon

is known for its disruption of well-established industries through technological

innovation and mass scale. It is the world's largest e-commerce market by revenue

and market capitalization, an AI assistant provider and a cloud computing platform.

Amazon.com was founded in July 1994 as CADABRA. When Jeff Bezos began

selling books online, which at that time was a brand concept. He realized that growing

big and fast was the only way to succeed online! The business sells everything today,

from books to e-readers to container shipping houses. It has become a one-stop-shop

and its future has several aspirations. 

1
 On the 1st of November 1994, Amazon.com was licensed. He knew he wanted

to establish some kind of online store at that time, but he wasn't sure what to offer. He

decided on books after some study. It was relatively simple to source, package, and

distribute them. But this marketing model was not the first company to hit Amazon.

As early as 1991, another venture, Computer Literacy (a Silicon Valley bookstore),

started selling its own products online. Its greater comfort was the differentiation

Amazon.com had to sell. It was based, from the off, on a concept of directly

delivering online orders to the address of the customer anywhere in the world.

In July 2005, Jeff Bezos first incorporated Amazon, or more accurately,

Amazon.com. He was a Wall Street hedge fund executive at the time. Amazon was

initially intended to be named CADABRA (from Abracadabra), according to Business

Insider. But he was told by Bezos' lawyer that the reference to magic was maybe a

little too vague. Often when people heard the name on the phone, instead of not

ideal they all too often heard "Cadaver". So, Bezos and his then-wife, Mac Kenzie

Tuttle, began registering their proposed new company with some domain names.

They registered the Awake.com, Browse.com, and Bookmall.com domain names.

They also registered and maintained the Relentless.com domain name. He found the

word Amazon after scrolling through a dictionary for some inspiration. Jeff thought

this was especially appropriate as he planned his online store to become the world's

largest — just like the Amazon is one of the largest rivers on the plane. In the end,

Bezos first named his new company CADABRA, then Amazon, after the Amazon

river in South America.

2
 Amazon is based in Washington state founder current CEO, chairman of the

board and president is Jeff Bezos. Amazon entered India in 2013. In July 2016,

Amazon launched its services, such as Amazon Prime Video, Amazon Kindle,

Amazon MP3, etc. It is considered one of the top four technology companies, along

with Google, Apple, and Facebook.

All in all, Amazon's sales ranking indicates the popularity of products sold in

any Amazon region today. It is a relative indicator that is updated hourly. In fact, it's a

best-seller for the millions of products, Amazon has in stock. The products shown in

these lists enjoy more exposure on Amazon, which could lead to increased sales. In

this way, Amazon serves its customers through the popular website

www.amazon.com. Customers can easily access it through mobile technology. The

Amazon.com application is also available to customers.

3
 2. The History and the rise of Amazon

Amazon was founded in 1994 by Jeff Bezos. Originally, the corporate started

as a web bookstore. During the online boom, Jeff Bezos realised that an online

bookstore could sell virtually limitless number of books in its virtual warehouse, as

against physical bookstores that were limited by storage and shelves space. Bezos

selected the name Amazon by ransacking through a dictionary; he settled on

"Amazon" because it had been a part that was "exotic and different", when he had

envisioned for his Internet enterprise. The Amazon River that he noted was the largest

river within the world, and he planned to form his store the most important bookstore

within the world. Additionally, a reputation that began with "A" was preferred

because it might probably be at the highest of an alphabetized list. Bezos to building a

brand and told a reporter, "There's nothing about our model that can't be copied over

time. But you recognize, McDonald's got copied. And it's still built an enormous

which is multi billion dollar company. lots of it comes right all the way down to the

name. Brand names are more important online than they're within the physical world."

In 1994, Amazon.com sold its first book, and within the primary two months

of business, the web site had sold to all or any 50 US states and over 45 countries

worldwide, with sales totalling over $20,000 – a powerful feat for a startup company

hosted in Bezos’ garage. From 1994 onwards, Amazon continued to grow and

4
although the corporate didn't make its first annual profit until 2001, it enjoyed a large

customer base and an ever increase volume of traffic through Amazon.com. From

beginnings as an internet bookstore, Amazon now sells practically anything that all

the users will consider, and it's become a world marketplace more corresponding to

eBay. The users be able to find electronics, housing accessories, books, furniture,

beauty products, equipment , and more, often at a extremely convenient Amazon

discount that the company dishes out on each day to day .

Amazon has also branched out and invested in other technologies like Amazon

Echo smart speaker, and Amazon Kindle e-Book reader that both are hugely

popular. As an organization, Amazon possesses to affect over 304 million users

passing through its websites on everyday. This translates to product sales per month

of 606 million through Amazon.com, 399 million through Amazon.de, and 390

million through Amazon.co.uk. On average, Amazon’s customers add over 1 million

new products to the marketplace day by day, which translates to shipping costs of

over 7 billion USD. To keep the increase of Amazon and its websites running, the

mammoth employs a staggering 540,000 people worldwide. These employees are

helped by 54,000 automated robots and machines installed at the varied immense

Amazon warehouses, a number of which process over 1 million items per day during

busy legal holiday periods like Christmas and Easter.

So, there are Amazon E-Commerce websites that are largely automated, but

still require maintenance, updates, and troubleshooting. There are Amazon

warehouses chargeable for the storage and shipping of supplier products. Then,

there’s a fleet of drones, trucks, and even cargo planes that form together to create the

Amazon delivery network. As we can see, behind the scenes at Amazon, there's huge

5
amount of labor that's undertaken to make sure a smooth and streamlined service is

delivered in the least times to the customer.

Next there are several things and situation made Amazon popular. To analyse

the evolution of Amazon and why it is so popular, we are going to try several

different key products and services that the company provides like Amazon.com E-

Commerce marketplace, Amazon Echo smart speaker device and Amazon Kindle e-

book reader. 

Amazon.com is where it all started, and it continues to rank together of the

foremost popular websites within the globe with an infinite customer base.

Amazon.com is popular for several reasons. Firstly, it's intuitive and encompasses a

straightforward layout. Users able to easily seek for products using the search

function, or through the merchandise category navigation. Secondly, the merchandise

listings are comprehensive and have customer reviews, star ratings, and suggested

products that enhance a customers shopping experience. Finally, the net site features

an infinite range of products. Users will find practically anything through

Amazon.com, and so the costs are usually reasonable too.

The Amazon Kindle is one in all the foremost popular ebook readers and was

one among the primary of its kind. This fantastic device allows users to download and

install digital books and skim them from anywhere. it's an outsized storage capacity,

therefore, the users hold many books simultaneously, rather than carrying one book in

your luggage on holiday. For example, Kindle allows to the freedom to need as many

books as they please. The battery life is great, and so the standard of the display is

outstanding too. Amazon continues to work on this product to refine the technology,

and it remains one in all the foremost popular ebook readers on the market, showing

6
the incredible popularity of the corporate and explaining the increase of Amazon.

Finally, we've got Amazon Echo device. This new type of technology utilizes AI

programming within the type of Amazon Alexa. Users can talk or speak to “Alexa”

and use her as a home assistant, this made them not to feel lonely. Alexa will provide

logical answers or search the web to hunt out the info you'd like , like current news or

today’s weather. this kind of device has become hugely popular, and like Kindle,

Amazon Echo is one in all the primary of its kind and shows that Amazon continues

to be at the forefront of technological developments.

The Rising of Amazon According to the Year

Yea
Event type Details
r

1994 Company Amazon formed.

1997 Company Amazon raised $54 million.

Amazon obtains the Web Movie Database, a comprehensive

1998 Acquisitions
repository for movie information on the online.

Company
1998 Amazon announces that it’ll move beyond books.
Direction

Amazon launches Free Super Saver Shipping, which allows

2002 Product
customers to urge free shipping for orders above $99.

Amazon settles its October 1999 patent infringement suit

Legal, against Barnes & Noble which it received a patent for in

2002
Competition September 1999. It actually aid as that Barnes & Noble.com

had partially copied Amazon's 1-Click technology.

7
Yea
Event type Details
r

Amazon launches A9.com, a subsidiary of Amazon.com

2003 Product based in Town, California that develops and advertising

technology.

Amazon get Joyo who is an online book shop in China for

2004 International $75 million, thus seventh territorial site of Amazon.com. At

that point, Joyo later becomes Amazon China.

Amazon begins Amazon Prime, a membership offering free

2005 Product two-day shipping within the contiguous U.S on all eligible

purchases for a flat annual fee.

Amazon launches Amazon Mechanical Turk, an application

programming interface (API) allowing any user to perform

2005 Product
"human-intelligence" tasks like transcribing podcasts, often at

a low salary.

Launches Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud which is Amazon

EC2, a virtual site farm giving permission to users to use the

2006 Product
Amazon infrastructure to run applications starting from

running simulations to online hosting.

Amazon launches Fulfillment by Amazon, giving small

businesses the flexibility to use Amazon.com's own order

2006 Product fulfillment and customer service infrastructure – and

customers of Amazon.com shipping offers when buying from

3rd-party sellers.

2006 Product Amazon launches Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon

8
Yea
Event type Details
r

S3), which allows other websites or developers to store

computer files on Amazon's servers.

Amazon launches AmazonFresh, a grocery service offering

2007 Product
perishable and nonperishable foods.

Amazon launches Amazon Music, a web music store and

2007 Product
music locker.

2007 Product Amazon launches the Amazon Kindle.

Acquisitions,
2009 Amazon acquires Zappos for $850 million.
Competition

Amazon announced that e-book sales for its Kindle reader

2010 Product outnumbered sales of hardcover books for the primary time

ever.

Acquisitions, Amazon acquires Lovefilm, a DVD rental service named to as

2011
International the Netflix of Europe.

Amazon rebrands as Amazon Instant Video and adds

2011 Product admittance to 5,000 films and Television shows for Amazon

Prime individuals.

Amazon launches the Amazon Appstore for Android devices

2011 Product and therefore service was made available in over 200

countries.

Amazon launches Amazon Locker, a delivery locker system

2011 Product that enable users to get items delivered at specially-designed

lockers.

9
Yea
Event type Details
r

Amazon reports the Kindle Fire, a tablet computer that targets

2011 Product
Apple's iPad with a more modest gadget that sells

Amazon obtain Kiva Systems for $775 million, a robotics

2012 Acquisitions company that creates robots that can move items around

warehouses.

Amazon agrees to create 2,500 jobs and invest $200 million

2012 Legal
in new distribution centers in Texas.

Amazon announces to sell the Kindle Fire HD series of

2012 Product
touchscreen tablet computers.

Amazon acquires social reading and book-review

2013 Acquisitions
site GoodReads.

2013 International Then launches in India.

2014 Product Launches the Amazon Fire.

Amazon announced its intent to obtain the video game

2014 Acquisitions
streaming website Twitch for $970 million.

Amazon allowing the publisher to adopt the agency pricing

2014 Legal
model and set prices on its books sold on Amazon.

Amazon settle contest with Hachette, permitting Hachette to

2014 Legal embrace the organization estimating model and set costs on

Hachette books sold on Amazon.

2015 Product Amazon launches Amazon Underground, an Android app

through which clients can get gaming and other applications

with the expectation of complimentary that they would

10
Yea
Event type Details
r

somehow need to pay for, and furthermore get in-application

buys for nothing. Application maker investment is willful.

Amazon launches its Amazon Restaurants service that

2015 Product
delivers food, for Amazon Prime customers in Seattle. 

Amazon opened its first actual retail location, a book shop in

the University Village mall in Seattle. The Amazon Books

2015 Product
store has prices matched to those found on the Amazon

website.

Amazon Prime Air is an Amazon's drone-based delivery

system which makes its first delivery in Cambridge in

2016 Delivery
the United Kingdom. The delivery which had succeed was

announced a week later, on December 14, along with video.

Amazon acquire the Whole Foods for $13.7 billion, a very

2017 Acquisitions good quality supermarket situated all through the United

States, United Kingdom, and Canada.

Amazon opened its first actual retail location, a book shop in

2017 Company
the University Village mall in Seattle.

2018 Company Amazon made its second headquarters location to 20 places.

2018 Company Amazon opens a cashier-less grocery store to the public.

2018 International Amazon launches in Turkey.

Amazon cancels plans to open new HQ2 in New York City

2019 Company after massive backlash from local politicians and community

members. Plans in Northern Virginia remain unchanged.

11
 3. Problem faced and solution

Intense competition

Their businesses are rapidly evolving and intensely competitive, and they have

competitors across geographies, including cross-border competition, and in different

industries, including physical, e-commerce, and retail, e- commerce services, web and

infrastructure computing services, grocery, transportation and logistics services,

electronic devices, digital content, advertising. Some of their current and potential

competitors have even greater resources, longer histories, more customers, and in

their newer geographic regions. The competitors may having better terms from

vendors, adopt more aggressive pricing, and devote more resources to technology,

marketing and infrastructure.

Competition continues to become more intense, with the development of new

business models and the entry of new and well-funded competitors, and as their

competitors enter into business combinations or alliances and established companies

in other market segments expand to become competitive with their business.

Moreover, new and enhanced technologies like search, web, electronic device,

infrastructure computing services and digital content continue to increase in the

competition. The Internet competitive free entry and comparison shopping, which

enhances the ability of smaller, new, or less popular businesses to compete against

them. As a result of competition, their product and service offerings may not be

successful because they may fail to gain or may lose business, and they may be forced

12
to increase their spending or lower their prices, any of which could materially reduce

our sales and profits.

There are few biggest competitors of Amazon in E-commerce, offline competitor,

web service and digital distribution. Amazon E-commerce competitors will be

Alibaba. On a global scale, Alibaba does not come close to Amazon in terms of

market capitalization and market share. The majority of Alibaba’s revenue are from

their chinese operations alone. In chinese market Alibaba almost beats Amazon in

every field. Alibaba made up for 58.2% of the entirety of e-commerce sales within

China in mid-2018. Amazon, with only 0.7% of the e-commerce sales in the chinese

market has a long way to go within China. The reason why Amazon failed to impress

chinese market is because of Alibaba were able to provide to local tastes which

Amazon failed to. Amazon also sell their products offline even though they are

available online on their website.

Nevertheless, offline competitors have also started their online operations to

compete with Amazon. So basically Walmart is one of the biggest offline competitor

to Amazon. Walmart is a multinational retail chain consisting of hypermarkets,

supermarkets and grocery stores. Walmart also working on the retail and electronics

industry which is one of Amazon biggest revenue come from. Walmart entered e-

commerce space in 1996. Customers able to purchase goods and products from their

homes thru Walmart’s online store. They also give the same discounts no matter its in

physical walmart store or online.

Despite a highly competitive marketplace, Amazon managed to hold on its own.

There are the few lethal weapons Jeff Bezos uses to beat the competition. Firstly, they

13
focus on their customer. In Jeff Bezos point of views, he is listening to customers

instead of his competitors has enabled Amazon get ahead of the market. So it allowed

him to think itself instead of blindly following what others are doing. Amazon

offering their consumers greater ease of use over other retail e-commerce websites.

They came out with their own website which able to help consumer to look for their

stuff, recommendations based on past purchases, one-click ordering at check-out,

multiple consumer reviews and ratings.

Then Jeff Bezos is a person who willingly takes risks which made him highly

competitive in pricing. Bezos believes that avoiding failure is the wrong strategy.

Amazon has always placed growth and “customer value” over short term profits. So

Amazon started a customer friendly 30 day return policy. When Amazon launched

this service in 1995, online shopping was new to many people. Since everyone is

feeling insecure about online shopping, Jeff Bezos had to look for ways to inspire

consumer confidence and overcome their fear of the quality of products on sale. So

they introduced the concept of 30 day return policy. Amazon made it effortless and

quick to return a product which not many other competitors willing to do because it

will cost a lot for them.

Creating internal systems

Back in 2000 timeframe, Amazon planned to launch an E-commerce service

named Merchant.com to help the third party merchants build online shopping sites on

top of Amazon’s E-commerce engine. It turned out become a lot more tough than they

expected because it required too many startups. Instead of creating an organized

development environment, they ended up created a huge mess. It became a huge

14
challenge to separate the various services to make a centralized development platform

that would help the third parties.

At this points, Amazon took their first step on building AWS (Amazon Web

Services) to untangling the mess. The company was growing quickly and hiring new

software engineers but they were not building applications any faster. Jassy, who was

Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos’ chief of staff at the time, tried to dug into the problem, he

found a running complaint. The executive team was expected a project to take only

three months but it was taking three months just to build the database, compute or

storage component. Meanwhile in the team, everyone was building their own

resources for their individual project, with no thought to reuse or scale. So Amazon

started to develop an architecture that could be reemployed by different engineering

teams for different projects.

As the internal team worked, Jassy realized that they had also become quite good

at running infrastructure services like compute, storage and database. As low as a low

margin business like Amazon, they has to be lean and efficient as possible. It was at

this point they started to formulate the idea of AWS (Amazon Web Services). AWS

was the first to market with a modern cloud infrastructure service when they launched

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud in August, 2006. Basically AWS is a secure cloud

service platform, offering compute power, data storage, content delivery and other

functionality to help businesses to run.

Buyer’s private Information

15
 In this modern era, they are so much information was sent around in the internet

platform thru phones and computers. Unfortunately we take it as granted. We always

heard stories about people having their personal information got stolen outta of

nowhere. If the third parties has our private information then they will be able to

access everything. For the example they able to use our credit card whenever they

want as the results we will be having huge debt. On the other hand, leaked

information such as phone number or home address could be dangerous too because

they could break into our house anything or sending threatening messages to our

phone. Not only that, if our phone has been hacked, they might spread our sensitive

information to the world or use it as a blackmail. This is why they were so many

people feels insecure to purchase online back in the day when online payment was

introduced to the world.

Back in the day when Amazon just introduced about online payment, there were

many people who are afraid of the service because they afraid of their personal

information will be leaked out to another third parties. To solves this problem, Jeff

Bezor made some policy about they will be working to protect the security of our

personal information during transmission by using encryption protocols and software.

They also will be following the payment card industry data security standard while

handling our credit card data. Then they maintain physical, electronic, and procedural

safeguards in connection with the storage, collection, and disclosure of personal

customer information. Their security procedures mean that we may occasionally

request proof of identity before they disclose personal information to you.

Delivery service

Nowadays, human does not like to wait. They tend to react angrily if they not

16
able to get the stuff as soon as possible. Mostly everyone will be receiving their

parcels in a couple of days, tomorrow or even in few hours with “Prime Now”.

Normally people who are in urgent need will be driving to the physical store to get

their stuff immediately. Amazon has always thinking to deliver faster than what they

could do now. Amazon found out that 75% of their items are small and only weight

less than a couple of pounds. So they have the thought of who would they let go some

of the potential customer to spend about half an hours to drive to the store, find

parking and grab the item and get back home safely.

In the end they came out with a idea where they use drone to deliver these

items.They decided to focus on using flying drones to be able to deliver those small

packages in less than half an hour to the customers. This is where they came out with

“Prime Air” project. Prime air is a future delivery system by Amazon that designed to

safely get packages to their customers in or less than 30 minutes using drones.

Amazon believes that Prime Air has a very great potential to enhance their

shipping/delivery services because it able to providing rapid parcel delivery and also

will increase the overall safety and efficiency of the transportation system in Amazon.

Amazon also received approval from the Federal Aviation Administration to operate

their fleet of Prime Air delivery drones. By having this approval, Amazon will be

given a broad privileges to “safely and efficiently deliver packages to customers”. In

addition, Amazon teamed up with UPS and Alphabet owned wing who also

previously won FAA approval for their drone delivery operations. This certificate is

very important to Amazon because its a step forward for Prime Air and safety

procedures for an autonomous drone delivery service that could possibly deliver

packages to everyone around the world. In 2013, Amazon began to test delivery

drones by dropping off packages at customer’s doorsteps in 30 minutes or less. In

17
2019 Amazon submitted their petition for FAA approval. In the petition Amazon

stated that they will only deliver in areas with low population and weight of the

packages will be lesser than 5 pounds or less because for safety purpose. Amazon

debuted their drone in the conference that their drone capable to carrying packages

under 5 pounds within half an hour and could fly up to 15miles.

Product liability and Fraudulent Activities of Sellers

Product liability refers to the seller or manufacturer for selling defective or fake

product to the consumer. Some of the products Amazon sell or manufacture will

expose them to product liability or food safety claims relating to personal injury or

illness, death, or environment or property damage, and can require products recalls or

other actions. Third parties who sell fake and harmful products using Amazon as the

services and stores are the main culprit behind this fraud. Besides, some third-party

sellers use Amazon as a platform to scam the consumers’ money. There are few

examples of scams like “failed delivery scam”. This type of scam exist since e-

commerce is introduced but it still happened very frequently. The buyer will purchase

products from the seller and the product did not arrive and the buyer wanted to refund

or ask for a replacement. Then, the seller will just ignore the message or request of the

buyer. In some instances, some seller may refund but they will drag the whole

procedure as long as few weeks or months. Typically, a buyer who are not familiar

with online shopping will easily fall for this kind of tricks. Falling for this scam will

not only destroy buyers profit and will also affect their feedback and metrics on

Amazon.

To prevent and reduce these frauds and scams, Amazon has executed Anti-

Counterfeiting Policies and A-Z Guarantee. In the Amazon-Counterfeiting Policy,

18
presses that seller’s and supplier’s responsibility to source, sell, and fulfil only

authentic products. Prohibited products include bootlegs, fakes, or pirated copies of

products or content and products that infringe another party’s intellectual property

rights. If seller or suppliers sell or supply inauthentic products, Amazon may

immediately suspend or terminate their Amazon selling account and dispose of any

inauthentic products in Amazon fulfilment centres at their expenses. In addition,

Amazon do not pay sellers until they are confident that their customers have received

the authentic products they ordered. Amazon may also withhold payments if they

determine that an Amazon account has been used to sell inauthentic goods, commit

fraud, or engage in other illegal activity. Next, Amazon will work with manufacturers,

rights holders, content owners, vendors, and sellers to improve the ways they detect

and prevent inauthentic products from reaching to the customers. As a result, Amazon

will remove suspect listings based on their own review of products. Amazon also

work with rights holders and law enforcement worldwide to take and support legal

action against sellers and suppliers that knowingly violate this policy and harm the

customers.

The Amazon A-Z Guarantee policy will protect the consumers when they

purchase items sold and fulfilled by the third-party seller. This policy will cover both

condition of the items purchased and the delivery duration. If the consumers are not

satisfied with the products or services, they are eligible to request a refund under A-Z

Guarantee when special terms and condition are applied.

These are the 3 terms and condition:

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 1. You have not received your package and three days have passed since the

maximum estimated delivery date or the tracking shows a delivery

confirmation, whichever is sooner.

2. You received an order that is different than expected and have requested a

return with the seller.

3. You returned your item with a trackable shipping method and the seller

has not issued you a refund.

Pandemic Covid-19 Crisis

The coronavirus pandemic has not only killed more than 1 million people all

around the world. It is also crushed the global economy, brought industries to a

stagnant stage, spurred mass layoffs and even many major companies are failing amid

the shutdown. For examples, big clothing retailer company, “ZARA” closed up to

1200 fashion stores worldwide and swift their business online. But there are also

winners throughout pandemic and Amazon is one them. Amazon, the e-commerce

giant, with vast and endless products selection and strives to deliver convenience and

low prices, became the default retailer and an essential service for many consumers at

the height of the coronavirus crisis.

Many shops closed down due the pandemic and shopper turned their target to

Amazon for products to protect them from Covid-19, like hand sanitizer, face masks

and disinfectants. They stocked up on household products and groceries. Between

February and March, toilet paper sales jumped 186% on Amazon from a year ago,

while cough and cold medicine sales surged 862% year over year. People were in the

state of panic buy and hustle during the period. The flood of online orders propelled

Amazon to record sales during the second quarter. The surge of unexpected orders

20
initially caught Amazon off guard. Amazon struggled to meet its vaunted two-day

delivery window, which it promises to its Amazon Prime members. It quickly ran out

of high-demand products like hand sanitizer and paper towels, combated widespread

price gouging, and rushed to adjust operations inside its warehouses to keep

employees safe without significantly slowing down the pace of work. Global

companies like Amazon are generally prepared for potential supply chain disruptions,

but not like this one. Even Amazon, with its sprawling end-to-end logistics network

spanning warehouses, planes, trucks and vans, was not able to keep operations

steady. CEO of Amazon, Jeff Bezos stated that this pandemic had upended Amazon’s

operations and it was the hardest time the company had faced as they need to satisfy

the market demands and also prevent employees from the virus.

First, Amazon had quickly prioritised the stocking of essential household staples,

medical supplies and other highly demand products into the fulfilment centres. Items

like toilet rolls, hand sanitizers, face masks and temperature scanner are those critical

products during the pandemic Covid-19. Furthermore, in order to handle the large

amounts of orders from the customers, Amazon realised that they need to increase

their manpower in delivery services, packaging and customer service. Hence, in

March 2020, Amazon opened 100,000 new positions across their fulfilment centres

and delivery networks. After successful employed those 100,000 new roles, Amazon

creating another 75,000 jobs to fulfil to their market demand. These employments will

not only help Amazon to respond to their market needs faster but also provide jobs for

people who have suffered financially in the pandemic.

Crucially, while providing products and services to the consumers, Amazon also

focused on the safety of their employees and contractors around the world. Amazon

21
consulted with medical expert and health authorities to help all the frontline

employees stay healthy. Besides, Amazon will regularly sanitize the door handles,

stairways handrails, lockers, elevators buttons, and touch screens to prevent the spread

of coronavirus. In addition, Amazon also practiced extensive social distancing

measures in the organization. They had cancelled face-to-face meeting, staggered

break times, moved information sharing to bulletin boards, and spread out the chairs

in breakrooms. As for new employees, Amazon ensured that all of them must attend

the six hours safety training to raise their awareness. Next, regular testing of all

Amazonians including those with no symptoms. This safety measure is vital and

practiced in all industry as if 1 employee tested positive, the whole company need to

stop from operating. This can lead to a huge lost in profit to Amazon.

Reduce Carbon Emission

Amazon sustainability report released in 2019 summer indicate a sharp year-over-year

increase in global greenhouse gas emissions even as the company commits to shrink its

carbon footprint. In the same year, Amazon self-published its carbon footprint, stated that the

business operations emitted the equivalent of 51.17 million metric tons of carbon dioxide, a

15% increase from 44.4 million metric tons in 2018. Amazon also stated that the carbon

emission will continue to rise as their business continue to expand.

In 2019, Amazon co-founded The Climate Pledge with Christina Figueres, the

UN’s former climate change chief and founder of Global Optimism and become the

first signatory to the pledge. This dedicated investment program with an initial $2

billion in funding will invest in visionary companies whose products and solutions

will facilitate the transition to a low carbon economy. To meaningfully reduce the

amount of net greenhouse gas emissions, low carbon solutions need to be developed

22
in all sectors of the global economy. The Climate Pledge Fund will invest in

companies in multiple industries such as transportation and logistics, energy

generation, storage, and utilization, manufacturing and materials, circular economy,

and food and agriculture. Companies of all sizes and stages will be considered, from

pre-product startups to well-established enterprises looking to scale. The scope of The

Climate Pledge Fund is global and will consider investments in companies developing

products or services that reduce carbon emissions and help preserve the natural world

In addition, 10 years ago Amazon also signed the Paris Agreement which targeted

to be net zero carbon emission by 2040. Amazon faces significant challenges in

achieves this goal because their business is growing bigger year to year. In order to

achieve the goals, Amazon has purchased 100,000 electric delivery vans from Rivian,

a Michigan based producer of electric vehicles. Amazon aims to have 10,000 electric

vans on the delivery services as early as 2022. Besides, Amazon also committed to

reaching 80% renewable energy by 2024 and 100% renewable energy by 2030.

Previously, Amazon has 86 solar and wind projects that have the capacity to generate

over 2,300 MW and deliver more than 6.3 million MWh of energy annually. This

energy is enough to power more than 580,000 U.S. homes.

Furthermore, Amazon also made improvement in cutting the packing waste.

Amazon had implemented the Frustration Free Packaging program to encourage

sellers or suppliers to package their parcels in an easy opened way and 100%

recyclable packaging that is ready to ship to customers without the need for an

additional box. From the program, Amazon has saved more than 810,000 tons of

packaging materials and declined the usage of shipping boxes up to 1.4 billion pieces.

23
24
 4. Innovation of Amazon

Amazon.com which was founded by Jeff Bezos on 1994, in Bellevue. The

company started as an online bookshop but soon expanded to the online mall for

selling electronics, software, video games, toys, apparel, furniture, food and jewellery.

The Amazon was then surpassed Walmart as the most valuable retailer in US by

market capitalization in 2015. In 2017, Amazon was acquired the Whole Foods

Market for $13.4 billions which is substantially increased its footprint as a physical

retailer. Then, Jeff Bezos was announced that Amazon Prime, the two-day delivery

service had surpassed 100 million subscribers worldwide.

Amazon is a company that are well-established through the technological

innovation and its mass scale. Amazon is the world largest online marketplace, AI

assistant provider, live-streaming platform and cloud computing platform as measured

by revenue and market capitalization. Beside that, Amazon is a world largest Internet

company by revenue in the world and the second largest private employer in the US

and one of the world’s most valuable companies.

Amazon was walk into many fields. People can download and streaming of the

video, music and audiobooks through the Prime video, Amazon Music, Twitch and

Audible subsidiaries. Then, Amazon also publishing arm, Amazon Publishing, a film

and television studio, Amazon studios, and a cloud computing subsidiary, Amazon

Web Service. It produces consumer electronics including Kindle e-readers, Fire

Tablets, Fire TV, and Echo devices. The Amazon also acquisitions over the years

include Ring, Twitch, Whole Foods Market and IMDb. The company has been

criticized for various practices including technological surveillance overreach, a

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hyper-competitive and demanding work culture, tax avoidance, and for being anti-

competitive.

And now, the Amazon are become a multinational technology company that

based in Seattle, Washington. The Amazon is focused in the e-commerce, cloud

computing, digital streaming and artificial intelligence. The Amazon is one of the Big

Five companies in US information technology industry along with the Google, Apple,

Microsoft and Facebook. Beside that, the company has been referred as “one of the

most influential economic and cultural forces in the world”, which is the most

valuable brands.

Amazon can grow from online book shop to the multinational technology

company now, the innovation idea are necessary. The decision that Jeff Bezos decide

to selling book through online is the first innovation idea that makes Amazon went

live. It is because without this decision there is no more Amazon in the world. Jeff

Bezos was chosen the books as the first product of the shop is because the books have

variety categories than the other products. Then, with the Jeff Bezos mind that won’t

stop until he achieved his goal or proven that he is wrong, Amazon, the largest online

bookstore was went-live in 1995 and soon grew quickly.

Then, Jeff Bezos is stepped his step to makes the Amazon bigger because he is

not going to sell the books only, but everything in this universe. The data collection is

a most important things for Amazon to keep improved. Through the data that

collected by tracking and recording the customers behaviors on the website, Jeff

Bezos can predict or try to predict the books that a customer would like but not yet to

discovered. The tracking and recording system through the website is an innovation

idea even that it is quite impolite to the customers. Through the data collection of the

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customers, Amazon can improve quickly because they knew what the customers need

and wants and Jeff Bezos was treated the site as a laboratory where he studied the

behaviors of the customers with his chief, Andreas Weigend. Through the data

collection, Amazon can know and predict most of the customers falling for.

After that, another innovation idea is then carried out by Jeff Bezos, he run the

strategy of losing money to put the other companies who can’t afford to lose money to

out of the business. Jeff Bezos once wrote a phrase on the letter that to the

shareholders, “Is all about the long term”. Jeff Bezos are not looking at the profit of

the short term but long term. He said: “We’re going to forego the profit in order to

take the market share” and one of his accomplishment was Jeff Bezos able to make

wall street to accept the fact that Amazon wasn’t going to be very profitable in the

first 20-some years. Well, it is acceptable because they are building infrastructure that

will create a huge opportunity for them to gain scale, customers and business.

After a few years, Amazon has added thousands of warehouse worker and three

million square of feet of space. And one of the advantages that thanks for the

innovation idea that start the business online is Amazon no need to charge sales tax. It

is a big advantage that compare to the physical shop that need to charge the sale tax

and The Amazon was success to expanded their products to the others that beyond the

books.

Even that there already have many products that sell on the Amazon, but Jeff

Bezos still have a long way to achieve his goal that sell everything that in this

universe. Then, Jeff Bezos was found an innovation way to achieve his goal, Amazon

was become a Walmart of the internet soon. Because of the successful of the Amazon,

many businesses are eager to sell their product through the online. With this great

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opportunity, Amazon was turning from the online bookstore to the online mall.

Amazon was upgraded to a platform that provide the internet selling service to the

other businesses and it was a easiest way to let the shops set up their shop to sell

online at that time.

Moreover, a program that innovative was made Amazon begin to accumulated

event more power in 2005, Amazon Prime. Amazon Prime was known as a delivery

service that called “2-day delivery service”. And to get the service, the customers had

to sign up as a member of the Amazon and paid $79 for a year. It was a innovative

way to attract the customers but it is a tremendous expense for Amazon. On the

opposite, Jeff Bezos think it is worth that in the long term. Amazon Prime is a

important program to the Amazon because it is the most important drivers that caused

the growth of the Amazon. Because “2-day delivery service” mean that after the

customers buy the product from the Amazon, the product will soon delivered to you

door no matter that the customer at where in the country. This “2-day delivery

service” was success to keep attracting the customer to buy the product from the

Amazon. To ensure that the big promise is true, Jeff Bezos was went on a building

spree. Amazon started to spring up the warehouse across the country, filled with a

million of products.

After the Amazon was opened in the area in 2010, the innovative ideas were born

due to the big sprawling warehouse that stocked with goods in very random fashion.

Warehouse robot, Jeff Bezos was experimented the new technologies and techniques

to boost the productivity and then bought the whole company. Beside that, Amazon

had acquired the Kiva systems and they made the shipping robots themselves. It was a

big help to transform the working environment that in the Amazon’s warehouse.

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 Amazon Web Services (AWS), makes up a cloud computing platform by

collecting the remote computing services and offering them over the internet. Amazon

was built the Amazon Web Services (AWS) to handle the retail operation and the

services launched in 2006. Amazon was the first company that introduce the service

that pay-as-you-go cloud computing model that provide users with computing,

storage, or throughput as needed. Thanks to the cloud computing, the Amazon Web

Services can run more faster and smarter.

Moreover, Amazon was soon introduced the 1-click ordering. 1-click ordering is

a step that can skip all of the steps of the online buying process and directly order the

products. But the address and payment method need to be entered first when the

customers place the first time order. After that, the payment will automatically using

the payment method and the products will ship to the address that the customer

entered at the first time when the customer using the 1-click ordering again. The order

can be edit or cancel in the first 30 minutes if the customers was wrongly ordering the

products. In addition, Amazon was introduced the Dash Button to allowed the

customers order the products that they pre-selected with a press of a small button on

the devices. Dash Button is a wireless device that uses to order the product that the

customers pre-selected. The device can set up by using the Amazon App and selected

the product that the customer want to order. There has two light on the device which

is green light and red light. Green light is the products are order successfully and the

red light is occur any error due to the ordering process to cause the product ordering

sis not success. Due to some problems, Amazon was stopped selling Dash Button in

2019.

In 2014, Amazon had released a product named Amazon Echo, which is a smart

speaker to allow the customer using voice to command Alexia. Alexia was built into

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every Echo device such as Echo Dot, Echo Spot and Echo Show. All Echo models

can have a simple communications and behaviour such as data researching, smart

home device controlling and music streaming.

Plus, the Amazon was introduced the Amazon Ring Camera as a smart security

system that can let the user to watch their home from everywhere. The users can

communicate with the people through the Fire TV and Echo with the Amazon Ring

Camera or Doorbell. As a interesting function, Amazon Ring Camera can playback

the recent video clip when the user is requested.

Amazon lockers also is a innovative idea that applied by the Amazon. This is a

locker that allowed the customers to put their packages in case of the customer are not

at the home when the products is delivered and the product is hard to deliver. The

customer can pick up their package by using a code that email to them when the

package is delivered.

The other innovative idea that applied by the Amazon is the Amazon

Recognition. The images and video can added to their application through the

Amazon Recognition and the Amazon Recognition API will identify the objects, text,

scenes, people, and activities. The Amazon Recognition is provide a high accuracy of

the face comparison, face searching capabilities, and the facial analysis to detect and

compare the faces for a wide variety of use cases.

And last, the Amazon launched the Amazon Go recently. Amazon Go Grocery is

different than the other because it no need to register or checkout. The shoppers only

have to swipe a code on their phone and they will able to grab the products they like.

The Amazon called this as the experience of “Just Walk Out”. To shop in the grocery,

the customers need to using the Amazon Go App to enter the store. The Amazon Go

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grocery’s technology is properly same as the technology that operates in the self-

driving cars. The technology can detect either the products are taken or put back to the

shelves. The customers’ virtual shopping cart will always keep tracking by the

technology because the products they choose will automatically added into their cart

and charged through the Amazon account when they leave the Amazon Go grocery.

In addition, the grocery doesn’t have any cashier and the buying and selling process

are quickly.

Without a doubt the Amazon is one of the most successful and impactful

company in the world. It is because the management and the company’s goal that are

simple and clear. The Amazon will try to have a deeply understanding to their

customers to improve their company and it is a most important fact that the Amazon

can grow quickly. The principle of the Amazon that “customers come first” also

makes the innovative idea have the clearly goal that need to achieve.

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 5. Recommendation for future prospect

In this era of internet convenience, online shopping has become more and more

common. The e-commerce market is also ready for the future. Although Amazon’s

history and growth has been dominated by electronics. However, continued success

cannot be guaranteed, and there are many challenges. Here are some suggestions and

recommendation we give about Amazon continuing to meet some of these challenges

and continue to develop for future prospect.

First and foremost, Amazon's platform will expand and cover more and more

countries. Amazon should continue and accelerate online sales in international and

emerging markets especially Asia and Eastern Europe. Amazon should push these e-

commerce and logistics expertise to these countries. International expansion is a way

to diversify income in different regions. India will be one of the countries where

Amazon wants to expand its business. For instance, several Indian brands sold

globally like Dabur, Himalaya, Titan, Patanjali, Amul, and so on. Amazon thinks this

is a good opportunity for them to promote Indian manufacturing. India's lack of

competition and higher profit margins can also achieve better development of the

company. Specialist said that compared to its competitors Flipkart and Alibaba,

Amazon has a first mover advantage. IDG Ventures India founder and general

manager TCM Sundaram also said that Alibaba is selling Chinese goods to Indian

buyers, and nothing can stop Alibaba from developing large and small businesses in

India. Amazon is preparing for long-term competition with Alibaba. Therefore, it is

necessary to accelerate the expansion of this platform to other countries in order to

take advantage of the priority to create a dictatorial online shopping platform.

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 Apart for that, Amazon also can provide free or subsidized Internet access to

consumers with little or no Internet access, especially in developing countries. The

systematic networking of economic and social society will provide enterprises and

individuals in developing countries with new development opportunities. In the same

way, students can broaden their horizons, business people can discover new market

opportunities and improve the efficiency of company operations, government

agencies can provide public services more efficiently, and the public can participate in

the online world to provide services to developing countries. It's also one way to

extend the e-commerce experience to people who currently don't have this experience.

The value of the network increases with the number of users. By participating in the

global information network, developing countries can develop trade and traffic based

on the network, not only creating huge economic benefits for themselves but also for

other countries. Based on this, it is particularly important for developing countries to

prepare for the networking world. Although this approach is not realistic, and the cost

of providing network services may be higher, but if these areas can also enjoy the

convenience of this platform, it may also change the people's living standards. Other

than that, Amazon can also sign contracts with them to let them be the shopkeepers,

which can increase profits more widely, and these profits are enough to make up for

the losses caused by those who provide network access.

Otherwise, Amazon has also tested grocery shopping and delivery service

options, learned and adjusted strategies, and believes that selling groceries to

customers is the key to selling them to other products. Now that many people feel

anxious to wait, coupled with the fact that some people desperately need these items

in a short period of time, these physical stores will be of great help. More importantly

33
for Amazon, this strategy is to further integrate its brand into our daily work. After

extensive testing of Amazon employees, Amazon Go is the first physical store

without a cashier or checkout line. This store sells groceries and reasonable food and

provides consumers with a super convenient consumption channel. Consumer enter

the store and scan the Amazon Go app on their phones to pick up or return items from

the shelves before heading straight out the door. This store can use advanced

technology to scan products and charge consumers’ accounts when they leave the

store. Amazon Go supermarket uses the most advanced shopping technology. It

records the consumption of consumers in the store through computer vision, deep

learning, touch mixing and other technologies, so that consumers can purchase goods

without queuing. Amazon Go stores are like test kitchens for stores of the future. If

this technology is scaled up and applied worldwide, it will be a breakthrough for

Amazon in the future. This is also a challenging task, one reason is that bricks-and-

mortar stores are expensive to open, while other bricks-and-mortar competitors are so

seasoned that it is not easy for Amazon to join the fray.

Nevertheless, Amazon could also open physical sites that customers can access

"Amazon experience”. Tying these centres to existing distribution and delivery

centres would make them more cost-effective than building unique brick and mortar

structures. There are stations that allow people with limited access to order from

Amazon.com and pick up goods at these sites. In comparison, Amazon could also

push regulations to allow small shipments to be transported or delivered automatically

using drones and autonomous delivery vehicles. Amazon had applied to the FAA to

use drones to deliver packages in less populated areas. They also showed that their

drones can carry packages under 5 pounds in half an hour and fly up to 15 mile. The

close automatic transportation can improve the service efficiency and enable

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customers to get their parcels or items more quickly and effectively, because most of

Amazon's goods are small and closely related to daily life items, so that customers

can't forget their needs for Amazon. Amazon has also made inroads into the food

market, which has led to the use of drones for delivery services such as food delivery,

avoiding problems such as traffic jams. If this regulation is accepted all over the

world, consumers can get the packages faster and save more time.

In short, retailers can learn from Amazon's business strategies, such as learning

about your customers. We need to understand what our customers want, and we need

to understand why they are increasingly shopping elsewhere. We can use this

knowledge to connect it to practice. For example, online shopping on a certain

platform requires no or low freight, which is why customers like to buy things on that

platform. In addition, activities and discounts are also the customers' favourites. They

all like to take advantage and choose the cheapest platform to buy goods of the same

brand and quality. Therefore, free shipping, extra activities and benefits are also

factors that can improve customer sourcing.

Secondly, innovation is very important. We need to test new ideas and not be

afraid to fail. For example, Amazon uses technology to provide better services and

attract more customers. He also adopted a lot of bold ideas like no cashiers or

checkout lines in brick-and-mortar stores, drone shipping, and so on. These

innovations are risky, but if they succeed, they represent a breakthrough in a new

market. If this type of store can be popularized all over the world, it will bring us a lot

of convenience.

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 Then, as an employer, we need to build a customer-centric culture from start to

finish. Customers will bring more useful feedback to improve the company’s

shortcomings. Make the most of every touch point to create a more personalized

customer experience and use the customer data to gather behavioral insights. Integrate

transaction, demographic and behavioral data with the right systems and technologies

to develop a workable customer profile. Use data and technology to add value to the

customer experience by providing more personalized experiences. Amazon's business

strategy is based on a primary goal: seamlessly linking the digital and physical

shopping experiences to be part of every purchase. Not only does Amazon want to

sell as many things as possible to most people, it also tries to make itself so ingrained

in people's lives that they can't imagine life without it. This is both a challenge and an

opportunity for retailers that look at current trends, embrace a customer-centric

culture, and put their data into action

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 6. Conclusion

At the end of our assignment, this report has discussed the background of

Amazon company, the growth of Amazon, innovation works as well as concepts,

types, and barriers of innovation. Amazon has to compete with its biggest retail

competitor Walmart in the distribution network to provide. Besides, the high

investment cost of building out new retail stores with high-end innovative technology

that needs investment increases the cost structure, and hence decreases profits in the

short run. Even though Amazon has a lot of potential reserves to cross most of these

barriers, in the long run, it has to acquire and make loyal customers to its retail stores

to survive in the traditional market. Retail stores like Walmart offer the product at the

lowest cost with high customer service. Hence, Amazon should disrupt Walmart

customers by offering competitive prices with a high-end experience. Changing and

providing innovative ways to serve customers is the only way to survive in a

competitive world, and Amazon's move to both offline and online rivals is a good

strategy to win and sustain the market.

It can be concluded that Amazon is a revolutionary e-marketplace market, known

around the world for its efficiency. Amazon has gone from being a small company

pulled out of a garage to being a Fortune 100 company operating around the world.

Through its customer-centric company, Amazon delivers on its mission statement

every day, offering more than 200 million products at the lowest possible price.

Amazon is a creative and innovative company dedicated to create and manufacture

many products. They are constantly expanding and trying to create new ways to

improve their company and their lives better.

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 While the size of COVID-19 is epidemic in this world. The coronavirus spread all

over the world like lightning. To date, the virus has infected over a million people

including Malaysia. With the world going into lockdown, one thing we learned from

the COVID-19 crisis is how important the online market is most popular nowadays.

So, Amazon is one of the company adheres to the idea of consumers through strategic

alliances and technological innovations that enable consumers to buy products online

more convenient, cost-effective, easy, and simple.

In general, Amazon is not only a consumer-centric company but also one of the

companies that offer strategies to address the fundamental needs of expanding the

market. In addition, the strategy suits Amazon's position in the online retail industry.

The company suffers from the competition in the saturated retail market, where it

competes with more established retailers such as Wal-Mart or Target. As a pioneer in

the e-commerce industry, Amazon is able to get ahead and improve the online

purchasing process, making it not only convenient but also reliable and secure.

Amazon was founded by Jeff Bezos in 1994, innovated from 1994 to 2019. Bezos

capitalized on the phenomenal growth of Internet companies but ended up making

more. Starting with a long history of acquisitions and key strategic initiatives such as

going public, building additional distribution channels, and having a longer product

line, we know that Amazon is today's Internet retail retailing juggernaut. Amazon

overcame the bursting of the dot-com bubble to make its first profits and buy acquired

more companies. Amazon has implemented different features, such as Amazon Prime,

Kindle e-Reader, and Fire Phone. So, until now, Amazon to experience 25 years in

business. Amazon is very successful in innovating the business.

38
 By the analysis of Amazon, the future possibility is very wide and can make any

impossible and fantastic business opportunities in the future. There are numerous

opportunities for Amazon. Amazon's plans include more possible acquisitions and

even drone delivery services. Amazon's journey from its Seattle basement to a global

company is an important example of how strategic management plays a key role in

today's business world, and it is equally important to understand the history of such

companies. This is a blog about the history of Amazon.com. Essentially, this is an

overview of where the company has gone from humble beginnings to the present. So,

Amazon is a company that analyzes the steps to success, and its history will tell us.

With all of Amazon's strengths, it needs to continue to focus on research and

developing higher, more innovative ways to serve customers, which will not only

keep the online business in the market leadership position but also make it a favorite

service all the time. It has several loyal customers all over the world. Finally, by

writing this report and watching the video on Amazon, our team members tried to

deepen their understanding of the reasons behind Amazon's business. The Amazon is

a vast ocean of things to get at the point of contact. Sometimes it sounds real, and then

there's always an invisible flaw.

39
 7. References

https://edition.cnn.com/interactive/2018/10/business/amazon-history-

timeline/index.html

https://interestingengineering.com/a-very-brief-history-of-amazon-the-everything-

store

https://shahmm.medium.com/how-did-amazon-build-its-sustainable-competitive-

advantage-88cfee7fe2c8

https://www.inc.com/dana-severson/these-are-4-lethal-weapons-jeff-bezos-uses-to-

beat-competition.html#:~:text=Amazon's%20culture%20of%20listening%20to,but

%20few%20walk%20the%20walk.

https://www.ecommerce-nation.com/the-rise-of-amazon-from-humble-beginnings-to-

global-domination/

https://www.marklogic.com/blog/amazon-beating-retailers/

https://www.feedough.com/amazon-competitors/

https://mjskok.com/how-amazon-turned-a-problem-into-a-bn-opportunity

https://techcrunch.com/2016/07/02/andy-jassys-brief-history-of-the-genesis-of-

aws/#:~:text=It%20began%20way%20back%20in,of%20Amazon's%20e

%2Dcommerce%20engine.

https://blog.usejournal.com/what-is-aws-and-what-can-you-do-with-it-395b585b03c

https://blog.usejournal.com/what-is-aws-and-what-can-you-do-with-it-395b585b03c

40
https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html?

nodeId=GX7NJQ4ZB8MHFRNJ

https://datafloq.com/read/what-happens-if-your-data-is-breached/5627

https://blog.goodaudience.com/5-big-business-problems-amazon-is-trying-to-solve-

with-machine-learning-86247af08897

https://www.amazon.com/Amazon-Prime-Air/b?ie=UTF8&node=8037720011

https://www.cnbc.com/2020/08/31/amazon-prime-now-drone-delivery-fleet-gets-faa-

approval.html

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/film/amazon-empire/

41
8. Appendices

Figure 1: Amazon Prime

Figure 2: Product of Amazon company and their service

42
Figure 3: Jeff Bezos, President, CEO and Chairman

Figure 4: Amazon Net Sales Worldwide 2017 to2020

43
Figure 5: A conversation about dividing task among group members

44