Auto-Recloser Circuit Breaker in Power System Based On Internet of Things For Smart Grid
Auto-Recloser Circuit Breaker in Power System Based On Internet of Things For Smart Grid
Abstract- The Internet of Things (IoT) technology has become an important issue in improving the competitiveness of
the industry, making our daily lives more comfortable. Electricity is not only a pillar of the country's economy but also a
key factor in the development of human life. Therefore, the integration of things in the field of power to solve the problem
of power interruption is one of the solutions to reliability problems. For better performance and reliable supply to
customers. The study focused on the re-closer device and developing the smart grid. Auto Re-Closing is a key element in
the concept of self-healing grids. According to statistics, many faults of the transmission and distribution network are
transient faults. In the Smart grid, an important aspect of intelligent power distribution systems is integrated with
intelligent control and protection equipment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a new smart self-reclosing model
to improve the protection of power distribution systems to solve and overcome the challenges of the smart grid and
distributed power generation integration.
This paper proposes a auto-reclosing protection with a controller designed for Smart Grid Integration. The model control
circuit is synchronized with the circuit breaker so that after a fault occurs, the switch automatically turns off without any
human interference. The article analyzes the impact of the integration of IoT technologies and decentralized power
generation on the reliability of power systems. According to the research results, the Internet of things can significantly
improve system reliability through fast and reliable data management. This paper introduced the application of IoT in
the online monitoring system of the power transmission line.
Keywords – Internet of things, Smart Grid, Microgrid, Distributed energy resources, Auto-reclosing protection
I. INTRODUCTION
Everyone is willing to deploy a” smart grid” to provide energy services and information technology that
significantly improves the protection, reliability, operational efficiency, power quality, safety and customer
satisfaction of distribution systems. Auto-reclosing is used to restore the original state of the network without any
human interaction [1]. Recently, electricity supply has been the main issue discussed in the media and conferences
both on the national or international level. As a result, the rapid development of the world, an electricity supply issue
is important to the whole country. However, due to a transient fault, blackouts have become one of the main
problems that often occur. This situation creates a major problem because most of the damaged equipment is caused
by an unexpected current overload [2, 3]. Because of this damage, consumers have suffered substantial losses,
particularly in the factory and industrial sectors, which then affects productivity. Therefore, Iraq's major electricity
suppliers must guarantee high-reliability power supply to their customers. Thus, each overhead line is fitted with an
auto-reclosing circuit breaker to ensure uninterrupted power supplies. In addition, the device is also suitable for
transmission lines [4,5].
This project mainly focuses on the use of low voltage power supplies with domestic users, such as residential
communities as Smart Grids. In addition, the project is also capable of over-current protection. The larger the
current, the hotter the conductor, because more heat is being generated. Therefore, there must be an overcurrent
protection device on all devices. This also reduces the risk of damage to the equipment. In addition, the protection
system is, therefore, more reliable for the user. With the development of Science and technology in the new era, the
circuit breaker has become one of the most reliable protective equipment [6-8]. Circuit breakers are mechanical
switches used in most overhead power lines to protect the line from faults that may cause damage to the power line.
It should be able to safely turn off the devices with the specified capability and safely turn them on. The circuit
breaker will automatically interrupt the abnormal current until it reaches the breaking capacity and is capable of
continuously carrying any current-up to the rated current. The abnormal condition is referred to as the overload and
short circuit. It works by measuring the current balance between the two current transformers. As long as the current
difference between the line and the neutral conductor are detected, the device opens the contact point [9,10].
The rest of this paper is arranged as follows. Section II explains the recommendations for embedded monitoring
systems based on the internet. The proposed algorithm is explained in section III. The experimental results are
presented in Section IV. The concluding observations are contained in Section V.
Wind deflection can be calculated by deploying a three-dimensional acceleration sensor on the conductor. Wind
deviation data from the wind speed sensor, an acceleration sensor may be provided for the winding conductor
deviation verification field test data. The operator can take reasonable measures to resist wind bias.
(4) micro-Meteorology
Temperature, humidity, wind speed, sunshine and rainfall can be recorded by wireless sensors along the conductor
or tower. Based on the results of micro-meteorological sensors and tension sensors. The data analysis system at the
monitoring centre analyzes the information collected by the sensors and makes early warning decisions.
Backbone nodes deployed within the transmission tower to collect data near the wireless sensor, the combined
information is transmitted to the Monitoring Center via a mobile communication network or a private network of
electricity, to achieve long-distance, flexible, convenient, high-speed transmission of information. Reliable, high-
quality interconnection between the transmission facilities and the monitoring centre.Transmission line on-line
monitoring system through the information management system to achieve real-time monitoring, information
display, statistical analysis. The status of the power transmission facility can be visually displayed. Operators can
make decisions and give orders based on the results of the analysis of the information management system, in order
to identify or eliminate risks as early as possible, to ensure reliable operation of the transmission facilities[11-13].
* On the line at a distance from the substation, the long feeder segment, thereby preventing the feeder in the vicinity
of the end of permanent failure of the entire feeder down.
* On the tap of the main feeder to protect the main feeder from interruptions and power outages caused by tap
failure.[7]
This paper illustrates a new protection scheme for smart microgrids systems and their simulation performance using
digital relays in Matlab / Simulink. The proposed AR control circuit is responsible for tripping and closing the
circuit breaker in different fault situations to isolate or restore energy services[17-19].
3.1 Auto-Recloser Protection Scheme
The Hall Effect current sensor adopts the following principle of electromagnetic isolation, which are small size,
lightweight, low price, fast response, high precision, good stability, non-invasive entry, the whole diameter of
35mm-55mm and installation in DIN rail. The Hall effect AC current sensor is widely used for measuring current in
several fields [11].
Note that the arduino inputs can detect analog voltages from 0 to 5v to the ground, the sampling rate is
approximately 67 microseconds between each analog reading, the discrimination resolution is approximately 5 milli-
Volts.
of a two-phase fault of the system. In addition, the performance of the proposed system appears in the case of a
temporary fault.
V.CONCLUSION
The Internet of things is considered the third revolution in digital technology after computers and the internet. At
present, the power grid is transforming to the smart grid, and the requirements of automation and intelligence will
lead to the deep integration of the Internet of things and the smart grid.
Through the technology of IoT, the operating parameters of the power transmission line and the tower can be
achieved. Therefore, Disaster Monitoring and early warning can be carried out, which will effectively resist or
reduce the damage of major natural disasters to the power grid.
Utility companies are implementing advanced smart grids, computerized distribution networks to increase efficiency
and minimize disruption to consumers during temporary faults. By using the modern control distribution automation
for remote reconnection, utility companies are able to implement intelligent protection floor to isolate short sections
of the feeder that are defective and divert energy to ensure that, as many consumers remain connected to the network
in case of failure.
The main functions of the power system are continuity and reliability, it is the correct operation of the system; all its
components work normally. The recent technological advances have improved the reliability of the network. The
purpose of the AR function is to restore the continuity of the feeding system as soon as possible. The auto-close
function works after each breakdown and automatically closes the line that has been disabled due to the trigger
signal sent from the protection system when a fault occurs usually, this function turns off the line for several cycles
after the Circuit Breaker (CB) is turned on. When the system detects a temporary or unsuccessful error, it must then
notify the automatic auto-reclose cycle in order to be ready. Only the damaged line is isolated. Then the other lines
continue to supply energy to the energy system. To provide energy for consumers the start time can be adjusted.
One of the most important reasons for using a bus scheme is reliability.
In this paper, a new auto-recloser device is proposed with directional overcurrent protection, which adds new
features to the protection system. As a preparation for the integration of Distributed Generation (DG), new
challenges are placed on traditional protection systems. The system was simulated, the performance of the auto-
reclosing was verified, and the auto-recloser device will successfully eliminate the transient and semi-permanent
faults on the distribution line. There are two kinds of faults that are common to the distribution system which are
simulated.
VI. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I would like to express my gratitude to Prof. Shaorong Wang for the useful comments. In addition, I would like to
thank Mrs. Janan Al-hajji for the support. I would like to thank the reviewers’ participants in conferences.
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