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SAB 3243/ SAM 3223/ SAA 3213 1

FINAL EXAMINATION
SEMESTER II, SESSION 2012/2013
COURSE CODE : SAB 3243/ SAM 3223/ SAA 3213

COURSE : THEORY OF STRUCTURES

PROGRAMME : SAW

DURATION : 2 HOURS 30 MINUTES

DATE : MAY/JUN 2013

INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES:
ANSWER QUESTION Q1 AND THREE OTHER QUESTIONS
JAWAB SOALAN Q1 DAN TIGA SOALAN LAIN

WARNING!
Students caught copying/cheating during the examination will be liable for
disciplinary actions and the faculty may recommend the student to be expelled from
the university.

This examination question consists of (10) printed pages only.

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SAB 3243/ SAM 3223/ SAA 3213 2

Q1. Figure Q1 below shows a frame structure subjected external loads as shown.
Use the moment distribution method to obtain the values of the end moments
for all members. Draw the shear force and the bending moment diagrams for
the frame and show all important values.

Rajah Q1 di bawah menunjukkan sebuah kerangka yang ditindaki oleh beban-

beban luar seperti yang ditunjukkan. Gunakan kaedah agihan momen untuk
mendapatkan nilai-nilai momen hujung bagi semua anggota. Lukiskan gambar
rajah daya ricih dan gambar rajah momen lentur untuk kerangka tersebut,
sambil menunjukkan nilai-nilai yang penting.

(34 marks/markah)

4m 2EI
15 kN
12 kN/m
B D
A 2EI C EI
3m
4m
3EI

3m 4m 4m

FIGURE/RAJAH Q1

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SAB 3243/ SAM 3223/ SAA 3213 3

Q2. Analyse the beam shown in Figure Q2 by using moment distribution method.
The value of EI is constant for all members.

Analisiskan rasuk dalam Rajah Q2 dengan menggunakan kaedah agihan

momen. Nilai EI untuk semua anggota adalah malar.

(a) determine the bending moment at each support for the beam.
tentukan nilai momen lentur pada setiap sokong rasuk tersebut.
(12 marks/markah)

(b) determine the vertical reaction force at C.

tentukan nilai tindak balas tegak di C.
(4 marks/markah)
(c) draw the bending moment diagram and show the values at A, b, C and
D.
lukis gambar rajah momen lentur dan tunjukkan nilai-nilai pada A, b,
C dan D.
(6 marks/markah)
(22 marks/markah)

30 kN
25 kN
A 12 kN/m 50 kNm
B C
D

2m 2m 2m 3m 2m

FIGURE/RAJAH Q2

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SAB 3243/ SAM 3223/ SAA 3213 4

Q3. Figure Q3 shows a truss structure ABCDEF with a pin support at A and a
roller support at D. In order to ensure the stability of the truss, a extra
supporting member is used to connect C and G. Vertical loads 150 kN and 75
kN are placed at E and F respectively. If the internal axial force in the member
CG is taken as the external redundant force, calculate all support reactions and
determine the axial forces in all members of the truss. Assume that the AE
values for all members are constant.

Rajah S3 menunjukkan kekuda ABCDEF yang disokong pin di A dan rola di

D. Untuk menjamin kestabilannya C dihubungkan dengan satu anggota
kepada G. Daya pugak 150 kN dan 75 kN, masing-masing dikenakan pada E
dan F. Jika daya anggota CG diambil sebagai lelebih luaran, kirakan semua
tindak balas sokong dan daya dalam semua anggota kekuda.
Anggap AE adalah malar untuk semua anggota.

(22 marks/markah)

2m

A B C

3m

F
D E

150kN 75 kN
3m 3m 3m

FIGURE/RAJAH Q3

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SAB 3243/ SAM 3223/ SAA 3213 5

Q4. Figure Q4 shows a two-hinged arch of parabolic shape subjected to a

uniformly distributed load of 40 kN/m between B and C, a horizontal and
vertical point loads of 50 kN and 39 kN at B respectively. The moment of
inertia for any section varies according to sec , where  is the angle of
tangent line with respect to the arch. Determine

Rajah Q4 menunjukkan sebuah gerbang dua engsel berbentuk parabola yang

ditindaki beban teragih seragam sebesar 40 kN/m antara B dan dan beban-
beban titik arah ufuk dan tegak masing-masing sebesar 50 kN dan 30 kN di B.
Nilai momen sifatekun pada sebarang keratan berubah terhadap sek ,
dengan  ialah sudut kecondongan garis tangen terhadap gerbang. Tentukan

(a) the vertical and horizontal reaction forces at supports A and D.

daya tindak balas tegak dan ufuk pada sokong A dan D.
(16 marks/markah))

(b) the bending moment, shear force and axial force values at point C.
nilai-nilai momen lentur, daya ricih dan daya paksi pada titik C.
(6 marks/markah))
(22 marks/markah)

30 kN

40 kN/m

50 kN
B
C
h=4m

A D
4m 4m 4m

FIGURE/RAJAH Q4

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SAB 3243/ SAM 3223/ SAA 3213 6

Q5. Figure Q5 shows a compound beam with roller supports at A and E and a pin
support at C. The beam has an internal hinge at D.
Rajah Q5 menunjukkan satu rasuk yang disokong rola di A dan E dan
disokong pin rola di C. Rasuk tersebut mempunyai sambungan pin dalaman di
D.

(a) Draw the influence line diagrams for the following functions and write
the important values for each of the sketches.

(i) vertical support reaction at A.

(ii) vertical support reaction at E.
(iii) shear force at B .
(iv) shear force at D.
(v) bending moment at B.
(vi) bending moment at E.

Lukiskan gambar rajah garis imbas untuk fungsi-fungsi berikut sambil

menunjukkan semua nilai-nilai penting pada setiap lakaran:

(i) tindak balas tegak di A.

(ii) Tindak balas tegak di E.
(iii) daya ricih di B.
(iv) daya ricih di D.
(v) momen lentur di B.
(vi) momen lentur di E.
(12 marks/markah)

(b) If a moving uniform load of 20 kN/m with variable length is applied on

to the beam, determine

(i) The maximum value of RA negative

(2 marks/markah)
(ii) The maximum value of MC negative
(2 marks/markah)
(iii) The length of cantilever EF such that when the load is applied
along the whole length of the beam, the reaction force R A is
zero
(4 marks/markah)

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SAB 3243/ SAM 3223/ SAA 3213 7

Jika satu beban teragih seragam 20 kN/m dengan jarak yang boleh
berubah dikenakan pada rasuk tersebut, tentukan

(i) Nilai maksimum negative untuk RA.

(2 marks/markah)

(ii) Nilai maksimum negative untuk MC

(2 marks/markah)
(iii) Jarak rasuk julur EF bila keseluruhan rentang rasuk dikenakan
dengan beban tersebut, nilai RA yang diperolehi adalah
kosong.
(4 marks/markah)
(c) Prove that if the load is applied along span AC, the moment at support
C is zero.
Buktikan bahawa jika beban teragih seragam tersebut dikenakan pada
rentang AC, nilai momen di sokong C adalah kosong.

(2 marks/markah)
(22 marks/markah)

A B C D E F

2m 2m

4m 3m 3m l

FIGURE/RAJAH Q4

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SAB 3243/ SAM 3223/ SAA 3213 8

Q3. The continuous beam ABCD shown in Figure Q6 is pinned at support A. The
others supports are rollers. The beam has plastic moments of resistance as
shown. If the value of the load factor, λ, is 1.7, calculate the value of the
crtical plastic moment, Mp, that will just cause the beam to collapse. Use the
virtual work method. For span A , assume that the plastic hinge occurs at its
mid span.

Rasuk selanjar seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah Q6 adalah disokong pin
di A. Sokong-sokong yang lain adalah rola. Nilai-nilai momen rintangan bagi
rasuk adalah seperti yang ditunjukkan. Jika nilai faktor beban, λ, adalah 1.7,
tentukan nilai kritikal bagi momen rintangan plastik, Mp, yang akan
merobohkan rasuk tersebut. Gunakan kaedah kerja maya. Agi rentang A ,
anggap sendi plastik berlaku pada pertengahan rentang rasuk tersebut.

(25 marks/markah)

20 λ kN 15 λ kN 30 λ kN
10 λ kN/m

A B C D

2 Mp 1.5 Mp 1.5 Mp

4m 2m 2m 2m 1.5 m 1.5 m

FIGURE/RAJAH Q6

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SAB 3243/ SAM 3223/ SAA 3213 9

Q7. Figure Q7 shows a suspension cable ACB is supported by a frictionless roller

at the piers A and a solid pulley at the pier B. The lowest point of the cable is
at C. The cable carries a uniformly distributed load of 20 kN/m. Determine

Rajah Q7 menunjukkan sebual kabel ACB yang disokong rola tanpa geseran
di menara A dan takal padu di menara B. Titik terendah kabel adalah di C.
Kabel tersebut menanggung beban teragih seragam 20 kN/m. Tentukan

(a) the maximum and minimum force in the suspension cable.

daya maksimum dan minimum di dalam kabel penggantung.
(14 marks/markah)

(b) the vertical reactions at the piers A and B.

daya tindak balas tegak di menara A dan B.
(8 marks/markah)

(22 marks/markah)

FIGURE/RAJAH Q7

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SAB 3243/ SAM 3223/ SAA 3213 10

FORMULAE/FORMULA

The modulus of elasticity and moment of inertia of beam are E dan I

A B C D
K=4EI/L K=4EI/L K=3EI/L K=0

Modulus keanjalan dan momen sifat tekun rasuk adalah E dan I

wL2/12 wL2/12
w kN/m

Pab2/L2 P Pa2b/L2

a b
L

F uL

L

F  AE H
 Mydx
0
L
 y dx
uuL
 AE
2
0

wl12 wl 22 l1 (h1  d )
H  
2(h1  d ) 2h1 l2 h1

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SAB 3243/ SAM 3223/ SAA 3213 11

y
4hx
L  x 
L2

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