Department of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering (MCE)

Course Name: Air Conditioning Course Code:MCE 4653

Assignment
Air Conditioning Cooling Load Calculation for IUT Mosque (Partial-only ground floor)

Submitted to -
Dr. Md. Hamidur Rahman
Associate Professor
Dept of MCE,IUT

Submitted by-
Md.Munzir Khan
151407
Dept of MCE,IUT

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Assignment Checklist Provided by Sir. ........................................................................................1
APPENDICES …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..2
Objective, Apparatus and Provided Conditions ..........................................................................3
Table for Maximum Temperature in a Summer …………………………………………………………………….. 4
Outside Condition………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5
The Design of the Ground Floor of IUT Mosque…………………….…………………………………………………6
Important Assumption to ignore complexity……………………………………………………………………………7
Dimension, Data and Information……………………………………………………………………………………………8
Cooling Load Calculation..............................................................................................................9
Heat Gain from Occupants……………………………………………………………………………………………………….9
Lighting…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..9
Appliances………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………10
Infiltration………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………11
Ventilation: Solar heat gain through glass…………………………….…………………………………………………12
Heat gain through walls and ceiling……………………………………………………………………………………………13
Total cooling load…………………..…………………………………………………………………………………………………16
Comments and Recommendations……………………………………………………………………………………………..17

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Objective:
1. Calculate cooling load for existing structure at full
load condition.
2. Modified cooling load for any improvement
within the basic structure at full load conditions.
3. Total Capacity of the Air Conditioning units.

Apparatus
1. Tricle Measuring Tape
2. ASHRAE handbook

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Table for Maximum Temperature in a Summer

4
 Avg
Max Avg Temp Min Temp Max Wind Avg Wind Humidity Avg Cloud
YEAR Month Temp (°C) (°C) (°C) Speed (kmph) Speed(kmph) (%) (%)
2018 April 34 31 27 22 14.4 67 38
2017 May 38 34 28 22.3 15.1 76 44
2016 April/May 36 33 28 34.6 25.2 73 40
2015 May 37 34 28 27 19.8 71 39
2014 April 38 34 28 22 14.4 62 13
2013 April 35 32 26 23.8 16.6 67 17
2012 May 35 32 28 22 15.5 73 31
2011 April 35 31 25 16.9 11.2 69 15
2010 April 37 33 28 25.6 19.4 66 13
2009 April 33 31 27 20.2 14 64 12

All this data collected from the webpage of worldweatheronline.com

From the data collected we find the average summer season

 Max Temp (°C) 35.8
 Avg Temp (°C) 32.5
 Min Temp (°C) 27.3
 Max Wind Speed (kmph) 23.64
 Avg Wind Speed (kmph) 16.56
 Avg Humidity (%) 68.8
 Avg Cloud (%) 26.2

So We will Consider the outside Dry Bulb Temp 33°C ,

Relative Humidity 68% & from the Psychrometric chart we
get the Wet Bulb Temp 31°C
Resource: <a href='https://www.worldweatheronline.com/' title='Historical average weather'>Data provided by
WorldWeatherOnline.com</a>

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The Design of the Ground Floor of IUT Mosque

6
 Mimber

Important Assumption to ignore complexity

1. There is a big rectangular hollow at the celing. We assumed it to be
closed at the regular height (which is the height of the first floor) with the
other celing material for simple calculation.
2. The Number of Occupants is Averaged.
3.To keep the infiltration minimum we only open on Big Door on the east
side to save energy.So only one wall is exposed.
4. From Google We Found that the position of the IUT Mosque is kinda
bend comaring with the Compass but the Zone almost matchs with the
official selection. So we also accept the ASHRAE calculation completely
ignoring the little dissimilar of position.

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 Dimension,Data and Information
Named as
Serial Name of on the Dimension
Number the Body Figure Remarks (cm)/Value
Length of
1 the Floor AC & BD 2326
Width of
2 the Floor AB & CD 2100
Four Walls
are Equal
on Each
Side (North,
Height of East, West
3 the Floor and South) 305
Made of
Wall Brick one
4 Thickness side 30
All the 8
Windows
are of same
5 Window W diameter 152
Upper Semi
Circle
6a Small Door D1 diameter 135
Lower
Rectangular
6b Small Door D1 Shape 180
Upper Semi
Circle
7a Big Door D2 diameter 190
Lower
Rectangular
7b Big Door D2 Shape 175
Lower
Rectangular
8a Mimber KM Shape 135
Semi
Sphere
8b Mimber KL & MN diameter 355

8c Mimber Height 305

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 Now Volume of the Mosque (without mimber),V= 1489.803
Volume of the Mimber , 𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟= 51.64
Area of D1= 3.86 m2
Area of D2= 6.16 m2
Area of W= 1.81𝑚2

Cooling Load Calculation

(i) Heat Gain from Occupants:

Number of occupants = 760
Type of activity: Standing,Seated
Specific heat gain per person = 68 W
Latent heat gain per person = 62 W

𝑄𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠,𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 = 760 × 68 = 51680 𝑊

𝑄𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠,𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 760 × 62 = 47120 𝑊
∴ 𝑄𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 = 51680 + 47120 = 𝟗𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟎 𝑾

[Source:ASHRAE Fundamentals 2001,

Chapter29]

Modified Cooling Load Can’t be done in this section

(ii) Lighting:
𝑄𝑇𝑢𝑏𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 × 𝐵𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 × 𝑈𝑠𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
= (36 × 1.25 × 1) × 2

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 = 𝟗𝟎 𝑾
𝑄𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 × 𝐵𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 × 𝑈𝑠𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
= (12 × 1.25 × 1) × 20
= 300 W
𝑄𝑆𝑝𝑜𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 × 𝐵𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 × 𝑈𝑠𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
= (24 × 1.25 × 1) × 24
= 𝟕𝟐𝟎 𝑾

𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑳𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 = 𝑄𝑇𝑢𝑏𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 + 𝑄𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 + 𝑄𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔

= 90 + 300 + 720
= 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟎 𝑾
We can modify this Cooling Load by Using LED Bulbs that Consumes very low power.3
Watt rated LED bulbs consume very low power, usually less than 4 watts. A single 3
Watt LED bulb can be equivalent to a 30 Watt fluorescent lamp. It is possible to choose
between white light LED bulbs, warm light LED bulbs and colored light. White light bulbs
can last more than 50,000 hours. On the other hand colored LEDs can last twice as
long at more than 100,000 hours.

So Using 3 Watt of Total 64 Lights Instead of Current Spot and Small Light the

𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝑄𝑇𝑢𝑏𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 + 𝑄𝐿𝐸𝐷 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔

= 𝟗𝟎 + (𝟑 × 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓 × 𝟏) × 𝟔𝟒
= 𝟗𝟎 + 𝟐𝟒𝟎 = 𝟑𝟑𝟎 𝑾

(iii) Appliances:
The appliances inside the mosque include 50 numbers of 48 inch ceiling fan
75 watts, 8 Ahuja SCM-15T rated 10W Speaker , 6 CS-64 Horn Speaker rated 6W
from TOA and the amplifier system has been ignored for simplicity.
Since it was unable to determine the amount of heat given off the speakers, it
is considered that each speaker and fan gives off according to their input watts. Let
keep the fan off for simple camculation.

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Without using the fan in the full load condition will safe energy
𝑄𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 = (8 × 10) + (6 × 6 ) = 𝟏𝟏𝟔 𝑾

(iv) Infiltration:
The air change method is used to determine the heat gain due to infiltration.
The value of ACH is taken as 1, assuming that the mosque gates are frequently
opened but we will try to expose only one side of the mosque.
𝑉+𝑉 𝑚𝑖𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
𝑉𝑜 = 𝐴𝐶𝐻
3600
21×23.26×3.05+51.64
=1×
3600

= 0.428 𝑚3 /𝑠
Corresponding to the inside and outside design conditions, from the psychrometric
chart, we get
𝜈𝑜 = 0.899 𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔
𝑊𝑜 = 0.0215 𝑘𝑔𝑤 /𝑘𝑔𝑎
𝑊𝑖 = 0.0095 𝑘𝑔𝑤 /𝑘𝑔𝑎
∴ 𝑄𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑉𝑜 𝜌𝑜 𝐶𝑝𝑚 (𝑇𝑜 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + 𝑉𝑜 𝜌𝑜 ℎ𝑓𝑔 (𝑊𝑜 − 𝑊𝑖 )
= (0. .428)/0.899 × {1000 × (33 − 24) + 2260000 × (0.0215 − 0.0095)}

= 𝟏𝟕𝟏𝟗𝟔. 𝟏𝟕 𝑾
To keep the infiltrated air low we must focus on vestibules or revolving doors, use
of air curtains, building pressurization and sealing of windows and doors. It is better
so that the cooling load value will be less. I considered the Air change per hour High
due to the frequent opening of doors. I also assumed that Only one door is exposed
rest are closed. If we consider of 5 doors opening frequently for 760 people at the
time of Salah the calculation becomes very complex and the over power won’t be
required for other times when there is less occupants. The Modification must be put
on this section as this Infiltrated Air though 5 doors can bring a huge change in the

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load calculation. And The High Configuration Air Conditioning System won’t be an
efficient system.
(v) Ventilation:
From table 33.3 of Lesson 33 Version 1 ME, IIT Kharagpur, a ventilation
requirement of 3.5 L/s per person is assumed.
Hence total ventilation required = 3.5 × 760 = 2660 𝐿/𝑠 = 2.7 𝑚3 /𝑠
Mass flow rate of ventilated air,
2.7
𝑚𝑣 = = 3 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
0.899

∴ 𝑄𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑚𝑣 𝐶𝑝𝑚 (𝑇𝑜 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + 𝑚𝑣 ℎ𝑓𝑔 (𝑊𝑜 − 𝑊𝑖 )

= 3 × 1000 × (33 − 24) + 3 × 2260000 × (0.0215 − 0.0095)

= 𝟏𝟎𝟖𝟑𝟔𝟎 𝑾

Source: http://energy-models.com/heat-gains-and-losses-windows-and-skylights-glass

(vi) Solar heat gain through glass

From ASHRAE handbook, for 24° North latitude (latitude of Dhaka), we get

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According to the postion of the window 3-NE, 3-SE, 1-N , 1-S zone

𝑆𝐻𝐺𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥 (𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ) = 43 𝑊/𝑚2

𝑊
𝑆𝐻𝐺𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥 (𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ) = 42
𝑚2
𝑆𝐻𝐺𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥 (𝑁𝐸) = 150 𝑊/𝑚2
𝑊
𝑆𝐻𝐺𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥 (𝑆𝐸) = 114
𝑚2
(since there are glass doors only on the south and west walls of the auditorium)
Area of glass door = 𝜋𝑟 2 = 1.81𝑚2
Type of glass: Single glass (regular)
Shading coefficient (SC) = 1.00 (no internal shading)
𝑄𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟,𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ = (1.81 × 43 × 1.00) × 1 = 77.83 𝑊
𝑄𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟,𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ = (1.81 × 42 × 1.00) × 1 = 76.02 𝑊
𝑄𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟,𝑛𝑒 = (1.81 × 150 × 1.00) × 3 = 814.5 𝑊
𝑄𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟,𝑠𝑒 = (1.81 × 114 × 1.00) × 3 = 619.02 𝑊

∴ 𝑄𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 = 77.83 + 76.02 + 814.5 + 619.02 = 𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟕. 𝟑𝟕 𝑾

(vii) Heat gain through walls and ceiling:

The inner and outer surface convection heat transfer coefficients are obtained
from table 34.1 of Lecture 34, Version 1 ME, IIT Kharagpur, taking the inside and
outside air velocities as zero and 3.7 m/s respectively.
ℎ𝑖 = 8.5 𝑊/𝑚2 . 𝐾
ℎ𝑜 = 23.3 𝑊/𝑚2 . 𝐾
Wall thickness, ∆𝑥 = .3 𝑚
Wall thermal conductivity, 𝑘𝑤 = 0.77 𝑊/𝑚. 𝐾 (bricks)

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 1 ∆𝑥 1 −1
∴ 𝑈𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = ( + + )
ℎ𝑖 𝑘𝑤 ℎ𝑜

1 .3 1 −1
=( + + )
8.5 0.77 23.3

= 1.817 𝑊/𝑚2 . 𝐾

Similarly,
1 0.03 1 −1
𝑈𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 =( + + ) = 5.02 𝑊/𝑚2 . 𝐾
8.5 0.78 23.3
1 0.03 1 −1
𝑈𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑 =( + + ) = 2.17 𝑊/𝑚2 . 𝐾
8.5 0.1 23.3

The maximum CLTD values are taken from ASHRAE handbook for the
following conditions –
Inside temperature: 25°𝐶
Max. outside temperature: 35°𝐶
Average value: 29°𝐶
Daily range: 12°𝐶
𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ = 11
𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 = 18
𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ = 16
𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡 = 23
The adjusted CLTD values are obtained using the equation –
𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 + (25 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑎𝑣 − 29)
The following adjusted values are obtained –
𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ = 11.5

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 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 = 18.5
𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ = 16.5
𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡 = 23.5

𝑄𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ = (𝑈𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝐴𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 + 𝑈𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑 𝐴𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑 + 𝑈𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝐴𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 )𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ

= (61.653 × 1.817 + 3.86 × 2.17 + 1.81 × 3 × 5.02) × 11.5
= 1698 𝑊
𝑄𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 = ((𝑈𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝐴𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 + 𝑈𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑 𝐴𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑 + 𝑈𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝐴𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 ) 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡
= (46.555 × 1.817 + 2 × 3.86 × 2.17 + 6.155 × 2.17 + 2 × 1.81 × 5.02) ×
18.5

= 2457.95 𝑊
𝑄𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ = (𝑈𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝐴𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 + 𝑈𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑 𝐴𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑 + 𝑈𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝐴𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 )𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ
= (61.653 × 1.817 + 3.86 × 2.17 + 1.81 × 3 × 5.02) × 16.5
= 2436.36 𝑊
𝑄𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡 = (𝑈𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝐴𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 ) 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡
= {1.817 × 21 × 3.05} × 23.5
= 2734.9 𝑊
𝑄𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝑈𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔
= 1.817 × (21 × 23.26) × 21
= 18638.168 𝑊
[CLTD across the ceiling has been taken from table 4-14 from the book of
Stoecker and Jones]
∴ 𝑄𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠 = 1698 + 2457.95 + 2436.36 + 2734.9 + 18638.168
= 𝟐𝟕𝟗𝟔𝟓. 𝟑𝟕𝟖 𝑾

15
Total cooling load
𝑄𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 𝑄𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 + 𝑄𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 + 𝑄𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 + 𝑄𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 + 𝑄𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 + 𝑄𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠
= 98880 + 1110 + 116 + 17196.17 + 1587.37 + 27965.378
= 146.85 𝑘𝑊
≈ 𝟒𝟐 𝑻𝑹
Required cooling capacity
Since heat loss or gain due to ventilation adds to the equipment or coil load, the
capacity of the plant can be found by adding the ventilation load to the total cooling
load.
𝑄𝑐 = 𝑄𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 + 𝑄𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
= 146.85 𝑘𝑊 + 108.36 𝑘𝑊
= 255.21 𝑘𝑊
≈ 𝟕𝟐 𝑻𝑹

16
Comments and Recommendation
After all the calculation and measurement, I find it is very important that
the infiltration must me controlled and kept very low for the saving of
energy. Instead of normal fluorescent light we must focus on LED, where
with low power input it gives very high light output. The Glass Windows can
be shaded for less Solar Heat Gain. This are the modification we can make
to bring change on the Structure.

17