PV Elite GF

Comparison of pressure vessel codes

COMPARISON of the various pressure vessel codes
These are the codes we are going to compare:

ASME Section VIII, Division 1
ASME Section VIII, Division 2
PD 5500
EN 13445 Part 3
But first we look at the most fundamental requirement
What is the ALLOWABLE STRESS ?
y stress we must not exceed

This is the primary
A PRIMARY stress results from internal pressure
There are SECONDARY stresses – we do not discuss them

We first look at a couple of important material properties

Let us look at the Stress-Strain diagram – we get a lot of information
Collapse can occur when we reach the yield point
Let us look at the important features of our steel

Elastic
El ti Plastic Range
Range
Fracture
Ductile Range
Yield Point
ess ı
All
Allowable
bl Stresses
St about
b t here
h
Stre
0.2% strain Strain İ
Consider steel: UTS = 70 000 psi (482 MPa) Yield 38000 psi (262 MPa)
Let us look at the Stress-Strain diagram – we get a lot of information
Collapse can occur when we reach the yield point
Let us look at the important features of our steel
There are three important features we must consider
1. There is the limit of proportionality Yield Point 0.2% strain

2. The Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) When fracture occurs
3. The Ductility = Yield / UTS Must be less than 1.0
There is a 4th one – Creep which occurs at higher temperatures

Allowable stress is base on these characteristics of the metal
ASME Section VIII Division 1
S = smaller of: UTS / 3.5 or Yield / 1.5 = 20 000 psi (138 MPa)
ASME Section VIII Division 2
Sm = smaller of: UTS / 2.4 or Yield / 1.5 = 25 300 psi (174 MPa)
EN 13445 Both based on PED European requirements
f = smaller of: UTS / 2.4 or Yield / 1.5 = 25 300 psi (174 MPa)
PD 5500
f = smaller of: UTS / 2.35 or Yield / 1.5 = 25 300 psi (174 MPa)
We consider Carbon Steel for simplicity

We look at this on the Stress Strain diagram
ASME VIII, Division 1 has a larger safety margin – safer
This code is still the favoured code throughout the World
Yield Point
ASME VIII Division 2, EN 13445 & PD 5500
ess ı
ASME VIII Division
Di i i 1
Stre
Strain İ
Let us now look at a typical calculation – the cylindrical shell

Here are the basic dimensions We shall ignore joint efficiency E (z)
W now do
We d the
th calculation
l l ti forf the
th cylinder:
li d
P = 300 psi (207 MPa) By ASME VIII Division 1
D = 60 ins (1 524 mm) t = 0.454 in (11.534 mm)
S(f) = 20 000 psi (174 MPa)
By ASME VIII Division 2
t = 0.453 in (11.516 mm)
By EN 13445

Let us now look at a typical calculation – the cylindrical

Elliptical Head
shell
Here are the basic dimensions We shall ignore joint efficiency E
W now do
We d the
th calculation
l l ti forf the
th cylinder:
li d
P = 300 psi (207 MPa) By ASME VIII Division 1
D = 60 ins (1 524 mm) t = 0.454 in (11.534 mm)
S(f) = 20 000 psi (174 MPa)
t = 0.453 in (11.516 mm)

That is why the differences
are so small – the formulae By EN 13445
are nearly the same !
t=0
0.453
453 iin (11
(11.516
516 mm))
This formula looks odd, By PD 5500

but is actually just about
the same as the others t = 0.453
0 453 in (11
(11.516
516 mm)
Let us now look at a typical calculation – the cylindrical

Elliptical Head
shell
Here are the basic dimensions We shall ignore joint efficiency E
W now do
We d the
th calculation
l l ti forf the
th cylinder:
li d
Cylinder based on the t = 0.454 in (11.534 mm)

equilibrium equation
t = 0.453 in (11.516 mm)

That is why the differences
are so small – the formulae By EN 13445
are nearly the same !
t=0
0.453
453 iin (11
(11.516
516 mm))
This formula looks odd, By PD 5500

but is actually just about
the same as the others t = 0.453
0 453 in (11
(11.516
516 mm)
Let us now look at a typical calculation – the Elliptical Head

Minor Shape is based on true ellipse
D/2h = 2
h
Major
D ASME Division 1
2 – simple
complicated
calculation
calc.
P = 300 psi (207 MPa)

D = 60 iins (1 524 mm))
t = 0.451 in t = 11.447 mm
S(f) = 20 000 psi (138 MPa)
Head formula almost identical to the cylinder formula:
Cylinder: Elliptical head:

Let us now look at a typical calculation – the Elliptical Head

Minor Shape is based on true ellipse
D/2h = 2
h
Major
D ASME Division 2 – complicated calc.
P = 300 psi (207 MPa) 1 There are many steps to do

D = 60 iins (1 524 mm)) 2 Cannot calculate t directly . .
S(f) = 25 300 psi (174 MPa) . only P
Division 2 allows higher stress
On the next slide we show the calculation per

This is the calculation using ASME Division 2
The Elliptical head is transformed in equivalent Torispherical Head
Crown radius
Knuckle radius
Next we must calculate some geometry factors

Even more geometry and other factors………

factors and more – lots of factors
Even more geometry and other factors and more – lots of factors
Finally we end up with our starting pressure
PV Elite does an iterative calculation to end up with the pressure

We had to start the calculate with a ‘guess’ thickness t
And we ended up with our starting pressure
We have to use a computer to do this calculation !
The computed thickness is t = 0.3219 in t = 8.1767 mm

EN 13445 has a similar method – slightly less complicated than ASME
The final computed thickness is: t = 0.3886 in t = 9.8619 mm

The method of computing the head by PD 5500 is very different

Minor 1 Calculate h / D = 0.25
h 2 Calculate P / f = 0.119
Major
P = 300 psi (207 MPa)

D = 60 iins (1 524 mm))
f = 25 300 psi (174 MPa)
PD 5500 uses a graphical solutions – like this

Here is the Graph used to compute this head thickness
1 Calculate h / D = 0.25
2 Calculate P / f = 0.119
e/D
e = D x (e/D)
This is the calculation using
t = 0.3792 in t = 9.6317 mm
Each code has its own way of computing a head – and other parts
But, where do codes ‘borrow’ procedures from other codes ?

Codes ‘Copy’ codes – some examples Flange analysis
ASME Division 1
ASME Division 2 EN 13445-3 PD 5500

Codes ‘Copy’ codes – some examples Access openings in skirt
AD Merblatter (AD 2000)
EN 13445-3
Codes ‘Copy’ codes – some examples Pressure – Area method
PD 5500
ASME Division 1 ASME Division 2 EN 13445-3
E h off the
Each th codes
d has
h modified
difi d the
th method
th d – same principle
i i l
We have looked at various codes of construction
We have learned some important issues
1. ASME VIII Division 1 requires thicker metal – high

safety factor
2 Th
2. The other
th codes
d we discussed
di d use thinner
thi metal,
t l but
b t
the allowable stresses are nearer the yield point – less
safety
3 S
3. Some procedure
d in
i the
th codes
d have
h been
b ‘borrowed’
‘b d’
from other codes
4. ASME VIII Division 2 and EN 13445 are based on the
PED (European Pressure Equipment Directive)
It is hoped you got some value out of this webinar

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Comparison of pressure vessel codes

These are the codes we are going to compare:

ASME Section VIII, Division 2

But first we look at the most fundamental requirement

What is the ALLOWABLE STRESS ?

y stress we must not exceed

A PRIMARY stress results from internal pressure

There are SECONDARY stresses – we do not discuss them

We first look at a couple of important material properties

Let us look at the important features of our steel

Let us look at the important features of our steel

There are three important features we must consider

1. There is the limit of proportionality Yield Point 0.2% strain

There is a 4th one – Creep which occurs at higher temperatures

Allowable stress is base on these characteristics of the metal

ASME Section VIII Division 1

ASME Section VIII Division 2

EN 13445 Both based on PED European requirements

We consider Carbon Steel for simplicity

We look at this on the Stress Strain diagram

ASME VIII, Division 1 has a larger safety margin – safer

This code is still the favoured code throughout the World

ASME VIII Division 2, EN 13445 & PD 5500

Let us now look at a typical calculation – the cylindrical shell

t = 0.453 in (11.516 mm)

Let us now look at a typical calculation – the cylindrical

t = 0.453 in (11.516 mm)

This formula looks odd, By PD 5500

Let us now look at a typical calculation – the cylindrical

Cylinder based on the t = 0.454 in (11.534 mm)

t = 0.453 in (11.516 mm)

This formula looks odd, By PD 5500

Let us now look at a typical calculation – the Elliptical Head

P = 300 psi (207 MPa)

Head formula almost identical to the cylinder formula:

Cylinder: Elliptical head:

Let us now look at a typical calculation – the Elliptical Head

D ASME Division 2 – complicated calc.

P = 300 psi (207 MPa) 1 There are many steps to do

Division 2 allows higher stress

On the next slide we show the calculation per

This is the calculation using ASME Division 2

The Elliptical head is transformed in equivalent Torispherical Head

This is the calculation using ASME Division 2

Next we must calculate some geometry factors

This is the calculation using ASME Division 2

Even more geometry and other factors………

This is the calculation using ASME Division 2

Finally we end up with our starting pressure

PV Elite does an iterative calculation to end up with the pressure

This is the calculation using ASME Division 2

We had to start the calculate with a ‘guess’ thickness t

And we ended up with our starting pressure

We have to use a computer to do this calculation !

The computed thickness is t = 0.3219 in t = 8.1767 mm

This is the calculation using ASME Division 2

EN 13445 has a similar method – slightly less complicated than ASME

The final computed thickness is: t = 0.3886 in t = 9.8619 mm

The method of computing the head by PD 5500 is very different