Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Aqueous Stem Extract of Aloe Vera On Some Common Pathogenic Bacteria
Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Aqueous Stem Extract of Aloe Vera On Some Common Pathogenic Bacteria
Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Aqueous Stem Extract of Aloe Vera On Some Common Pathogenic Bacteria
https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.1942.009
Figure 1: GC-MS Showing the Total Ion Chromatogram (TIC) of Aqueous Extract of Aloe vera
Stem
The full identity of the detected phytochemical 12.48% respectively. The remaining 5
compounds including their IUPAC names, compounds constitute less than 20% by peak
molecular formulae and structures are area. They include 15-methyl Hexadecanoic
presented in Table 1. Of the 9 compounds acid methyl ester (7.71%), 2,2-Dimethyl hexan-
identified, 82.82% are Palmitic acid, (7Z)-7- 3-one (3.19%), 2-methyl heptan-3-one (3.00%),
Tetradecenal, Palmitin, 1,2-di-, 2-aminoethyl 3,3-Bis-tert-butylsulfanyl-2-fluoro-acrylonitrile
hydrogen phosphate and Decyl hexanoate with (1.97%) and Oleic acid methyl ester (1.31%).
peak areas of 34.40%, 20.48%, 15.46% and
2,2-Dimethyl
1 6.543 3.19 C8H16O
hexan-3-one
3,3-Bis-tert-
3 13.233 1.97 C8H18C18C12P12 butylsulfanyl-2-fluoro-
acrylonitrile
Palmitin, 1,2-di-, 2-
7 24.475 15.46 C10H22O aminoethyl hydrogen
phosphate
Antimicrobial Activity of the Extract was observed. The range for zone of inhibition,
The result of antimicrobial activity of the Aloe MIC and MBC were 12.33 ± 0.33 – 28.67 ±
vera extract against the selected Gram-positive 0.60mm, 25mg/ml – 50mg/ml and 50mg/ml –
bacteria (S. aureus and E. faecalis) and Gram- 100mg/ml respectively. The most susceptible
negative bacteria (E. coli and S. typhi) is isolate was S. typhi (MBC = 50mg/ml) and the
presented in Table 2. The result showed that least sensitive isolate was E. faecalis (MBC =
the extract has strong antimicrobial activity 100mg/ml).
against all the test organisms. No resistance
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UJMR, Volume 4 Number 2, December, 2019, pp 49 - 56 ISSN: 2616 – 0668
Table 2: Antimicrobial Activity of the Crude Aqueous Extract of Aloe vera Stem
*Zones of Inhibition Produced by the Various
Test Concentrations of the Extract against the Test Organisms MIC MBC
S/N (mm)
Organisms (mg/ml) (mg/ml)
200 mg/ml 150 mg/ml 100 mg/ml 50 mg/ml
1 S. aureus 24.00 ± 0.58 22.00 ± 0.58 21.00 ± 0.76 19.67 ± 0.67 50 100
2 E. faecalis 16.17 ± 0.44 15.83 ± 0.44 14.17 ± 0.44 12.33 ± 0.33 50 150
3 E. coli 24.00 ± 0.29 22.83 ± 0.44 22.83 ± 0.33 21.5 ± 0.00 50 100
4 S. typhi 28.67 ± 0.60 27.67 ± 0.73 26.33 ± 1.69 23.33 ± 3.94 25 50
*Values are Means ± Standard Error of Means obtained from the 3 replicates used for each
concentration.
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UJMR, Volume 4 Number 2, December, 2019, pp 49 - 56 ISSN: 2616 – 0668
However, despite its antimicrobial activity, it and E.coli) and fungi (Aspergillus niger and
has been classified by the European Candida spp), producing zones of inhibition at
Chemicals Agency (ECHA, 2017) as a potential 20mg/ml and 40mg/ml higher than that of a
human toxin that can cause eye, skin and standard antibiotic (Gentamicin, 1mg/ml).
gastrointestinal irritations. Its presence in In addition, a previous study conducted to
Aloe vera stem therefore support the determine the ability of Aloe vera extract to be
antimicrobial activity of the stem and used for decontamination of gutta percha cones
potential health risks to humans. showed that the extract was able to inhibit the
The last 3 compounds are 2-methyl heptan-3- growth of the 3 major contaminants identified
one (3.00%) which is a yellow liquid that is in the study (E. coli, E. faecalis and S. aureus)
commonly used as flavouring agent in food producing a zone of inhibition of 24mm, 21mm
and is relatively considered safe (EFSA, and 24mm respectively after 48hours of
2004), 3,3-Bis-tert-butylsulfanyl-2-fluoro- incubation (Athiban et al., 2012). Some similar
acrylonitrile (1.97%) which has anticancer other literatures also reported Aloe vera as
activity (Bachovchin et al., 2011), and Oleic having strong antibacterial and antifungal
acid methyl ester (1.31%) which has antioxidant properties (Subramanian et al., 2006;
and antimicrobial activity (David, 2005). Thiruppathi et al., 2010; Nejatzadeh-
The observed antimicrobial activity of the Aloe Barandozi, 2013; Jothi et al., 2014; Jain et al.,
vera extract in this study is thus, fully 2016; Saket et al., 2017; Paul et al., 2018).
supported by the presence of the various
important pharmacologically active components CONCLUSION
identified in the extract by GCMS. Our result in In conclusion, Aloe vera contained many broad
this study has corroborated the findings of spectrum antimicrobially active compounds
Kedarnath et al., (2013) who reported that that can be further purified to produce new
Aloe vera has strong antimicrobial activity antimicrobial agents that can be used in the
against some pathogenic bacteria treatment of many diseases especially those
(Staphylococcus aureus, Klebisella pneumonia caused by S. typhi, S. aureus and E. coli.
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UJMR, Volume 4 Number 2, December, 2019, pp 49 - 56 ISSN: 2616 – 0668
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