Ceramic Materials I: Asst - Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ

CERAMIC
MATERIALS I
Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ
Office Hours: Thursday, 09:30-10:30 am.
akalemtas@mu.edu.tr, akalemtas@gmail.com, Phone: 211 19 17

Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department
SYLLABUS
Week Topic
I. Introduction to ceramic materials. Classification of ceramics and general properties.
II. Ceramic raw materials and properties. Properties that are expected from ceramics.
III. Traditional ceramics and properties. Quiz.
IV. High technology ceramics and properties.
V. Ceramic powder synthesis.
VI. 1. MIDTERM EXAM
VII. Ceramic powder synthesis.
VIII. Ceramic shaping techniques.
IX. Ceramic shaping techniques. Quiz.
X. Rheology. Stability of ceramic suspensions.
XI. Rheology. Stability of ceramic suspensions.
XII. 2. MIDTERM EXAM.
XIII. Characterization of ceramic materials.
XIV. Process-microstructure interactions. Quiz
XV. FINAL EXAM

Reading List
1) Reed, J. S., ”Principles of Ceramic Processing” John Wiley&Sons, New York
(1995).
2) Ring, T. A., "Fundamentals of Ceramic Powder Processing and Synthesis",
Academic Press, San Diego (1996).
3) Hunter, R., “Introduction to Modern Colloid Science”, Oxford University Press
(1993).
4) Rahaman, M. N., "Ceramic Processing and Sintering", Marcel Dekker Inc.
(1995).
5) Hiemenz, P. C. and Rajagopalan, R., "Principles of Colloid and Surface
Chemistry", Marcel Dekker Inc. (1997).
6) W.D. Kingery, H.K. Bowen, and D.R. Uhlmann, “Introduction To Ceramics”, John
Wiley and Sons, 1976.
7) D. W. Richerson, "Modern Ceramic Engineering," Second Edition, Marcel Dekker
Inc., (1992).

GRADING
2 Mid Term Exams: 15 % - 15 %
Assignment: 10 %
Quizzes : 10 %
FINAL EXAM : 50 %

CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
Materials
Metals Polymers Ceramics Composites
Ceramic Materials
Clay Advanced
Glasses Refractories Abrasives Cements
Products Ceramics

What is "ceramic"?
• from Greek meaning: "burnt earth"

• non-metal, inorganic
• Ceramic materials are inorganic compounds consisting of

metallic and nonmetallic elements which are held together
with ionic and/or covalent bonds.

Introduction to Ceramic Materials
High density Low density Very low density
CERAMICS
POLYMERS
METALS
Medium to high High melting Low melting

melting point point point
Medium to high Very high elastic Low elastic
elastic modulus modulus modulus
Reactive Unreactive Very reactive
Ductile Brittle Ductile and
brittle types
Examples of ceramic materials ranging from household to high

performance combustion engines which utilize both metals and ceramics.

Ceramic Materials
Ceramic materials have now become the

cornerstone of such advanced technologies
as energy transformation, storage and
supply, information technology,
transportation systems, medical technology,
and manufacturing technology
Future of Materials Science
Design of materials having specific desired characteristics directly from our
knowledge of atomic structure.
• Miniaturization: “Nanostructured" materials, with microstructure that has length

scales between 1 and 100 nanometers with unusual properties. Electronic
components, materials for quantum computing.
• Smart materials: airplane wings that deice themselves, buildings that stabilize
themselves in earthquakes…
• Environment-friendly materials: biodegradable or photodegradable plastics,

advances in nuclear waste processing, etc.
• Learning from Nature: shells and biological hard tissue can be as strong as the
most advanced laboratory-produced ceramics, mollusces produce biocompatible
adhesives that we do not know how to reproduce…
• Materials for lightweight batteries with high storage densities, for turbine blades that
can operate at 2500 C, room-temperature superconductors? chemical sensors
(artificial nose) of extremely high sensitivity, cotton shirts that never require ironing…

Application base classification
Advanced Ceramics
Traditional ceramics
Electroceramics Structural ceramics Whitewares
Electronic substrate, Cement

Bioceramics
package ceramics
Ceramics used in Abrasives

Capasitor dielectric,
piezoelectric ceramics automotive industry
Refractories
Magnetic ceramics Nuclear ceramics
Brick and tile
Wear resistant ceramics
Optical ceramics (tribological)
Structural clay
products
Conductive ceramics
Traditional Ceramics: Applications
Earthenware, Stoneware, China, Porcelain, are all distinguished

by their firing temperature and glass forming temperature
Tiles are made from similar composition material
Structural bricks are made from cheaper mixtures -often a single

clay (“Fletton Brick”)
Refractory bricks have special compositions to withstand high

temperatures or corrosive environments

Engineering Ceramics

Applications of advanced ceramics

Ceramics in aerospace

CERAMIC PROCESSING
Chemical
Minerals Powder
processing
Powder
Sintering Green body
processing
Shaping ???
Dense/Porous
Final Product
Compact
Machining ???
Materials science and engineering
Processing
Materials
Structure Science  Performance
Engineering
Properties
Material science is the investigation of the relationship among processing,

structure, properties, and performance of materials.
KEY STEPS
Powder synthesis
Powder handling
Green body formation
Sintering of green body
Final machining and assembly

NanoTechnology: The Material Challenges
Fundamental Predicting process – structure – property

relationships
Technological Taking laboratory materials into production
Infrastructure, Scale-up
Reproducibility, Stabilisation
Fabrication
Materials Implement
Design and Use
Properties Design paradigms
Continuum descriptions Environmental impact
Engineering tools Characterization
Life-cycle prediction Integration in products

Other Ceramic Materials
 Cements - Ceramic raw materials are joined using a binder that does
not require firing or sintering in a process called cementation.
 Coatings - Ceramics are often used to provide protective coatings to

other materials.
 Thin Films and Single Crystals - Thin films of many complex and
multi-component ceramics are produced using different techniques
such as sputtering, sol-gel, and chemical-vapor deposition (CVD).
 Fibers - Fibers are produced from ceramic materials for several uses:
as a reinforcement in composite materials, for weaving into fabrics, or
for use in fiber-optic systems.
 Joining and Assembly of Ceramic Components - Ceramics are

often made as monolithic components rather than assemblies of
numerous components.
WELL KNOWN GLASS PRODUCTS
http://www.wolfard.com
Classic Wolfard Oil Lamp
Heat resistant glass

Heat resistant glassware lid
Tempered Glass
(microwave safe) Cutting Board

Tempered glass table http://freshome.com

http://www.ifjk.org
www.aarticommercial.com/prod
www.tripadvisor.com ucts.php Heat resistant
Glass sink cabinets in the bathroom Laminated Windscreen Glass glass door

www.whitersstreetglass.com.au http://www.wickedreport.com
Glass splashbacks Hirom Glass Violin is a product of Hario
Glass Co. Ltd., Japan. And also, The
www.toxel.com world’s first hand made glass violin.
Glass Bathtub
http://freshome.com http://worlds-interior-design.blogspot.com
Superdurable tempered glass Wall-to-wall glass windows
SPECIAL GLASS PRODUCTS
Laminated Glass
Laminated glass is
widely used for
bullet proof
burglar-proof
showcase
counter
aquarium http://www.livingetc.com
Glass staircase
skylight
www.aarticommercial.com
long corridor Laminated Windscreen Glass
If the laminated glass is made from “ordinary” float glass, it is still

sidelite, etc. workable (cutting and drilling is possible) and the PVB helps the
fractured glass to stay put inside the construction.

SPECIAL GLASS PRODUCTS
Laminated Glass
BULLETPROOF GLASS
Bulletproof glass is made of laminated glasses

and films which have special shielding
capability towards bullets.
The different levels of bullet proof glasses are

able to shield the bullets from penetration www.bmw-security-vehicles.com
22-millimetre glass/plastic laminate with a
and prevent the broken parts from injuring polycarbonate coating on the inside to prevent flying
people. They are widely applied in splinters. The 22-millimetre glass protects against:

bank, • Blunt instruments
.44 Magnum with full-jacket flat-nose bullets
counters of jewelry and gold shops,  .357 Magnum with coned bullets
 9-millimetre Luger with round-nose bullets
cash trucks and
other regions requiring special safety
prevention.
CEMENT AND CONCRETE MANUFACTURING
Sand
Clay Gypsum Gravel
Lime Kiln Clinker Mill Cement Mixer
Iron Additions Admixtures
Water

THE END
Thanks for your kind

attention
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CERAMIC

Office Hours: Thursday, 09:30-10:30 am.

akalemtas@mu.edu.tr, akalemtas@gmail.com, Phone: 211 19 17

Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ

Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ

2 Mid Term Exams: 15 % - 15 %

Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ

Metals Polymers Ceramics Composites

Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ

• from Greek meaning: "burnt earth"

• Ceramic materials are inorganic compounds consisting of

Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ

High density Low density Very low density

Medium to high High melting Low melting

Examples of ceramic materials ranging from household to high

Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ

Ceramic materials have now become the

• Miniaturization: “Nanostructured" materials, with microstructure that has length

• Environment-friendly materials: biodegradable or photodegradable plastics,

Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ

Electroceramics Structural ceramics Whitewares

Electronic substrate, Cement

Ceramics used in Abrasives

Earthenware, Stoneware, China, Porcelain, are all distinguished

Tiles are made from similar composition material

Structural bricks are made from cheaper mixtures -often a single

Refractory bricks have special compositions to withstand high

Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ

Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ

Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ

Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ

Material science is the investigation of the relationship among processing,

Green body formation

Sintering of green body

Final machining and assembly

Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ

Fundamental Predicting process – structure – property

Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ

 Coatings - Ceramics are often used to provide protective coatings to

 Joining and Assembly of Ceramic Components - Ceramics are

Heat resistant glass

Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ

Tempered glass table http://freshome.com

Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ

If the laminated glass is made from “ordinary” float glass, it is still

Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ

Bulletproof glass is made of laminated glasses

The different levels of bullet proof glasses are

Clay Gypsum Gravel

Lime Kiln Clinker Mill Cement Mixer

Iron Additions Admixtures

Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ

Thanks for your kind

Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ

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