LPC17xx

Serial Interfaces

(UART: Universal Asynchronous Rx/Tx)

Serial Interfaces: UARTs 0…3
 UART: Universal Asynchronous Rx/Tx

o 4 modules (UART0, 1, 2, 3).

o 16 byte Receive and Transmit FIFOs with DMA support.
o Fractional divider for baud rate control, auto-baud capabilities,
and implementation of software or hardware flow control.
o EIA-485/RS-485 and 9-bit mode support (UART1).
n Allows both software address detection and automatic address
detection using 9-bit mode.
n Auto Direction Control.
o Control line RTS/DTS to enable and disable the driver.
o Address Match Register: store the station address in a RS-485 milti-drop
communication.
o Delay Value register: set the delay between the last stop-bit and the
deassertion of the DIR line.
o Modem control support (UART1).
o IrDA support for infrared communication (UART3).
o Maximum possible speed of the UART ~ 6 Mbps.
 UART: Universal Asynchronous Rx/Tx

UART0,2,3
 UART: TX Character Framing

o Start Bit.
o Data Bits of 5, 6, 7 or 8.
o Parity Bit.
o Stop Bit of 1, 1.5 or 2.

n Example: 8 bits data, No Parity, 1 stop bit

One frame

Serial port Start b b

3.3V
0 b 2 b 3 b 4 b 5 b 6 b 7 Stop
1 0V
 UART: RS-232

o RS-232 is a popular communications interface for connecting modems

and data acquisition devices (i.e. GPS receivers, electronic balances,
data loggers, ...) to computers.
o RS-232 can be plugged straight into the computer’s serial port (know
as COM or Comm port).
o RS-232 Line Driver
n Each signal (TxD, RxD) on the interface connector with reference to a signal ground.
n The “idle” state (MARK) has the signal level negative with respect to common whereas
the active state (SPACE) has the signal level positive respect to the same reference.

LPC176x

+3.3V
0.1µF
16 0.1µF DB9 female
1
0.1µF 3 MAX 2 +5.5V Vss
4
3232 5
6 -5.5V
0.1µF 0.1µF 9
5 4
P0.3 9 8 TxD 8
RxD0 3
P0.2 10 7 RxD 7
TxD0 2
6
15 1
 UART: Transmitter

o Parallel-to-serial conversion
o Non-FIFO Mode
n Transmit Holding Register (THR) and Transmit Shift Register (TSR)
o FIFO Mode
n Transmit (TX) FIFO and Transmit Shift Register (TSR)
o 16x timing for bit shifting.
o Character Framing.
o Parity Insertion.
o TX FIFO interrupt and status.
 UART: Transmitter

o Non FIFO mode:

n Write Data to Transmit Holding Register (THR).
n Data in THR is transferred to Transmit Shift Register (TSR) when TSR is
empty.
n TSR shifts the data out on the TX output pin.

o FIFO mode:
n Write Data to Transmit Holding
Register (THR).
n Transmit data is queued in TX FIFO.
n Data in TX FIFO is transferred to
Transmit Shift Register (TSR) when TSR is empty.
n TSR shifts data out on TX output pin.
 UART: Receiver

o Non FIFO mode:

n Incoming data is received in the Receive Shift Register (RSR).
n Received data is transferred to the RHR.
n Error tags associated with data in RHR can be read via LSR.
n Read RHR to read the
data out.

o FIFO mode:
n Incoming data is received in the
Receive Shift Register (RSR).
n Received data is queued in the RX FIFO.
n Error tags associated with data in
RHR can be read via LSR.
n Read RHR to read the data out.
 UART: RX Character Validation

o Start bit detection and validation:

n HIGH to LOW transition indicates a start bit.
n Start bit validated if RX input is still LOW during mid bit sampling.
o Data, parity and stop bits are sampled at mid bit.
o A valid stop bit is HIGH when the stop bit is sampled.
 UART: RX Error Reporting

o Line Status errors

n Error tags are associated with each byte:
o Framing error if stop bit is not detected.
o Parity error if parity bit is incorrect.
o Break detected if RX input is LOW for duration of one character time and stop bit
is not detected.
o Overrun error if character is received in RSR when RX FIFO is
full.
n Non-FIFO mode:
o RHR has a data byte and data received in RSR.
o RSR data overwrites RHR data.

n FIFO mode:
o RX FIFO is full and data is received in RSR.
o Data in RX FIFO is not overwritten by data in RSR.
 UART: Baudrate

o Configurable baudrate:

n UnDLM, UnDLL are 8 bits data.

n 1 ≤ MULVAL ≤15
Reset
n 0 ≤ DIVADDVAL ≤14
n DIVADDVAL ≤ MULVAL

n Example -> UART0 (19200 baudios)

LPC_UART0->LCR |= DLAB_ENABLE; // importante poner a 1
LPC_UART0->DLM =0;
PCLK [ Hz ] 100 6 / 4
LPC_UART0->DLL =81; U 0 DL16 = = = 81.38
16 ⋅ Vt [baudios ] 16 ⋅ 19200
LPC_UART0->LCR &= ~DLAB_ENABLE;// importante poner a 0
UART: Register Map (I)
UART: Register Map (II)
UART: Rx Buffer Register ,Tx Holding Register
 UART: Divisor Latch LSB, MSB Registers

PCLK[Hz] 1006 /4
n Example set baudrate (FR=1): U0DL16 = = = 81
16 ⋅Vt [baudios] 16 ⋅19200
DL=F_pclk/16*baud; // Round to the nearest whole!!!!
LPC_UART0->DLL= DL%256; //LSB
LPC_UART0->DLM= DL/256; //MSB
UART: Interrupt Enable Register
UART: Interrupt Identification Register
UART: Interrupt Handling
UART: FIFO Control Register
UART: Line Control Register
UART: Line Status Register
UART: Line Status Register (continued)
 UART: Software example (I)
void uart0_init(int baudrate) {
LPC_UART0->LCR |= DLAB_ENABLE; // importante poner a 1
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL0 = (1 << 4) | (1 << 6); // Change P0.2 and P0.3 mode to TXD0 and RXD0 LPC_UART0->DLM = DL / 256; // parte alta
LPC_UART0->DLL = DL % 256; // parte baja
// Set 8N1 mode (8 bits/dato, sin paridad, y 1 bit de stop)
LPC_UART0->LCR |= CHAR_8_BIT | STOP_1_BIT | PARITY_NONE; LPC_UART0->LCR &= ~DLAB_ENABLE; // importante poner a 0
uart0_set_baudrate(baudrate); // Set the baud rate
if (FR=1)
LPC_UART0->IER = THRE_IRQ_ENABLE | RBR_IRQ_ENABLE; // Enable UART TX and RX interrupt (for LPC17xx UART)
NVIC_EnableIRQ(UART0_IRQn); // Enable the UART interrupt (for Cortex-CM3 NVIC) DL=162.73
} Baudrate= 9585 bps

static int uart0_set_baudrate(unsigned int baudrate) {

int errorStatus = -1; //< Failure

// UART clock (FCCO / PCLK_UART0)

// unsigned int uClk = SystemFrequency / 4;
unsigned int uClk =SystemCoreClock/4;
unsigned int calcBaudrate = 0;
unsigned int temp = 0;

unsigned int mulFracDiv, dividerAddFracDiv;

unsigned int divider = 0;
unsigned int mulFracDivOptimal = 1;
unsigned int dividerAddOptimal = 0;
unsigned int dividerOptimal = 0;

unsigned int relativeError = 0;

unsigned int relativeOptimalError = 100000;

uClk = uClk >> 4; /* div by 16 */

/*
* The formula is :
* BaudRate= uClk * (mulFracDiv/(mulFracDiv+dividerAddFracDiv) / (16 * DLL)
*
* The value of mulFracDiv and dividerAddFracDiv should comply to the following expressions:
* 0 < mulFracDiv <= 15, 0 <= dividerAddFracDiv <= 15
*/
for (mulFracDiv = 1; mulFracDiv <= 15; mulFracDiv++) {
for (dividerAddFracDiv = 0; dividerAddFracDiv <= 15; dividerAddFracDiv++) {
temp = (mulFracDiv * uClk) / (mulFracDiv + dividerAddFracDiv);

divider = temp / baudrate;

if ((temp % baudrate) > (baudrate / 2))
 UART: Software example (I)

void tx_cadena_UART0(char *cadena)

{
ptr_tx=cadena;
tx_completa=0;
LPC_UART0->THR = *ptr_tx; // IMPORTANTE: Introducir un carácter al comienzo para iniciar TX o
} // activar flag interrupción por registro transmisor vacio

void UART0_IRQHandler(void) {

switch(LPC_UART0->IIR&0x0E) {

case 0x04: /* RBR, Receiver Buffer Ready */

*ptr_rx=LPC_UART0->RBR; /* lee el dato recibido y lo almacena */
if(*ptr_rx++ ==13){ /* Caracter return --> Cadena completa */
*ptr_rx=0; /* Añadimos el caracter null para tratar los datos recibidos como una cadena*/
rx_completa = 1; /* rx completa */
ptr_rx=buffer; /* puntero al inicio del buffer para nueva recepción */
}
break;

case 0x02: /* THRE, Transmit Holding Register empty */

if(*ptr_tx!=0)
LPC_UART0->THR = *ptr_tx++; /* carga un nuevo dato para ser transmitido */
else
tx_completa=1;
break;
}
}
UART1: Modem
 UART1: RS-485

o What is RS-485?
n RS-485 is a EIA standard interface which is very common in the data
acquisition world.

n RS-485 provides balanced transmission line which also can be shared in

Multi-drop mode.

n It allows high data rates communications over long distances in real world
environments.

o How fast can RS-485 be?

n RS-485 was designed for greater distance and higher baudrates than RS-
232.

n According to the standard, 100kbit/s is the maximum speed and distance

up to 4000 feet (1200 meters) can be achieved.
 UART1: RS-485 Line Driver

o Balanced Line Drivers

n Voltage produced by the driver appears across a pair of signal wires that
transmit only one signal. Both wires are driven opposite.

n RS-485 driver has always the “Enable” direction control signal.

n Differential system provides noise immunity, because much of the

common mode signal can be rejected by the receiver. So ground shifts and
induced noise signals can be nullified.
 UART1: RS-485 Network

o RS-485 provides Half-

Duplex, Multi-drop
communications over MASTER SLAVE-1

a single twisted pair

cable.

SLAVE-2 SLAVE-3
n The standard specifies
up to 32 drivers and
32 receivers can share
a multidrop network.

n Terminator resistors
avoid reflected signal
 UART1: RS-485 Half and Full Duplex

Half-Duplex

Full-Duplex
UART1: RS-485 vs RS-232
 UART1: RS-485 modes of operation

o Normal Multi-drop Mode (NMM)

o Auto Address Detection (AAD)
o Auto Direction Control
o Output inversion
 UART: Devices with RS-232 interface

o GPS Module (VK16E GMOUSE GPS Module SIRF III)

o Built with fast positioning and the

ability to track 20 satellites SIRF III
generation chip.
o Built-in backup battery.
o Built-in high gain LNA.
o With selectable baud rate:
4800,9600,19200,38400
o NMEA format (ASCII):
o RMC, GSV, GSA, GGA, VTG, GLL.
Data example: in Polytechnic School !!!

o The default output for the 9600 baud

standard.
 UART: Devices with RS-232 interface

o 2.4G Wireless WIFI Module (TLG10UA03)

• Full support for serial transparent data transfer mode, really Positive Serial Plug and Play.
• The new AT command set, all based on ASCII.
• Complete TCP / IP protocol stack to support DHCP protocol and DNS dynamic IP address assignment
domain name resolution function.
• Built-in WEB server, implemented using IE browser.
• Remote configuration via the wireless network module parameters.
• Supports Frequency range: 2.412 ~ 2.484 GHz.
• Supports two types of wireless networks:
Infrastructure Network (Infra) and ad hoc networks (Adhoc).
• Support multiple security authentication mechanisms:
WEP64/WEP128 / TKIP / CCMP (AES)
WEP/WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK.
• Support for fast networking.
• Supports wireless roaming.
• Support for multiple network protocols: TCP / UDP / ICMP / DHCP / DNS / HTTP
• Supports automatic two operating mode and command support transparent transmission mode.
• Support AT command set controls.
• Support for a variety of parameter configuration mode: Serial / WEB server / Wireless connection.
 UART: Devices with RS-232 interface

o Digital Compass (HMR3200/HMR3300)

• The HMR3200 is a two-axis precision compass with

three orthogonal magnetoresistive sensors, and can
be used in either vertical or horizontal orientations.

• The HMR3300 includes a MEMS accelerometer for a

horizontal three-axis, tilt compensated precision
compass for performance up to a ±60° tilt range.

o Optical Fingerprint Sensor (EM404)

• EM404 integrated fingerprint verification module is

the latest release of HF&CCTV. It consists of optical
fingerprint sensor, high performance DSP processor
and Flash.

• It boasts of functions such as fingerprint enrollment,

fingerprint deletion, fingerprint verification,
fingerprint upload, fingerprint download, etc.
 UART: Devices with RS-232 interface

o Camera module (CMOS 1/4 inches Image Sensor JPG)

• Command instruction:
•1 Reset command: 56002600

•2 Photographing command: 5600360100

•3 Read the data length of the captured image: 5600340100

Return: 76 00 34 00 04 00 00 XX YY
XX YY ------- picture data length, XX is the high byte, YY is the low byte.

•4 Read the picture data: 56 00 32 0C 00 0A 00 00 XX XX 00 00 YY YY ZZ ZZ

Return: 7600320000 (interval) FF D8. . . . . FF D9 (interval) 7600320000
00 00 XX XX ------ starting address (starting address must be a multiple of 8, generally 00 00)
00 00 YY YY ------ picture data length (high byte first, then low byte) ZZ ZZ -------- interval (= XX XX * 0.01
milliseconds, preferably a small number, such as 00 0A)
Note: JPEG picture file data must begin with FF D8, and end with FF D9.

•5 Stop shooting: 5600360103

•6 Set camera image compression command: 56 00 31 05 01 01 12 04 XX

XX generally is 36 (range: 00 ---- FF)

•7 Set the camera image size: (default size: 320 * 240)

320 * 240: 56 00 31 05 04 01 00 19 11
640 * 480: 56 00 31 05 04 01 00 19 00

•8 Get into sleep mode: 56 00 3E 03 00 01 01

•9 Modify baud rate: 56 00 24 03 01 XX XX

 UART: Devices with RS-232 interface

MLX90614 Infrared Bluetooth to Serial Slave Fingerprint Module Capacitive

Thermometer Module Sensor Em401

TC35 SMS Module Board pH sensor Module (AtlasScientific) NFC Reader Module (pn532)