Positive Implicative BCK-algebras With Condition (S) and Implicative Semilattices

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Positive implicative BCK-algebras with

condition (S) and implicative semilattices
Article in Bulletin of the Section of Logic · January 1999
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Jānis Cīrulis
University of Latvia
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Bulletin of the Section of Logic
Volume 28/3 (1999), pp. 131–133
Jānis Cı̄rulis
POSITIVE IMPLICATIVE BCK-ALGEBRAS WITH CON-

DITION (S) AND IMPLICATIVE SEMILATTICES
Abstract
As J. Meng, Y.B. Jun and S.M. Hong have recently proved the classes of algebras
mentioned in the title are equal up to duality. We present here a short proof of
their theorem.
1.
The following two facts on BCK-algebras have belonged to the folklore of
algebraic logic for a long time:
A: The positive implicative BCK-algebras (pBCK-algebras,
for short) are the duals of Hilbert algebras.
B: The implicative BCK-algebras are the duals of implication,
or Tarski, algebras.
The former has been recently proved in [6]. We remind that Hilbert al-
gebras were introduced, in dual form, by L.Henkin in [3] under the name
‘implicative models’. (In [7], [8] the the same term is used for dualized
Henkin algebras, i.e. for Hilbert algebras). In turn, B is an immediate
consequence of A.
A little earlier, the following result was obtained in [9]:
C: The pBCK-algebras with condition (S) are the duals of
implicative semilattices.
Its proof rests on lengthy calculations in implicative semilattices and pBCK-
algebras with condition (S). Dual implicative semilattices are also known
132 Jānis Cı̄rulis
as subtractive semilattices [2]. The following fact is, in effect, a particu-

lar case of a result proved in [1] for a certain class of partial subtractive
semilattices.
D: An algebra (L, ∨, −, 0) is a subtractive semilattice iff (L, −, 0)

is a Henkin algebra and the operations ∨ and − are related to
each other by the condition
x ≤ y ∨ z iff x − y ≤ z.
Of course, C and D are equivalent in virtue of A. Regretfully, demonstra-

tion of that general result in [1] also required lengthy calculations.
In this note we show that, using two simple facts known in literature,
C can be obtained from A without effort.
2.
The following fact comes back to [7]. It is also stated in [8]; however, the
relevant item (iii) of Theorem 11 in [8] contains sad misprints.
E: Suppose that (L, →, 1) is a Hilbert algebra in which any pair

of elements x and y has the meet x ∧ y. Then (L, ∧, →, 1) is an
implicative semilattice iff the operation ∧ satisfies the condition
x ∧ y ≤ z iff x ≤ y → z.
By the way, several equivalent conditions are also given in [7], [8]. We
reformulate E as follows:
F: An algebra (L, ∧, →, 1) is an implicative semilattice iff (i)
(L, →, 1) is a Hilbert algebra, (ii) x ∧ y is the least element z
such that x ≤ y → z, (iii) x ∧ y is the meet of x and y in L.
Dualizing F on the ground of A, we get:
G: An algebra (L, ◦, ∗, 0) is the dual of an implicative semilat-
tice iff (i) (L, ∗, 0) is a pBCK-algebra, (ii) (L, ∗, 0) satisfies the
condition (S), and ◦ is the S-operation on L, (iii) x ◦ y is the
join of x and y in L.
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Positive Implicative BCK-algebras with Condition (S) 133
It is readily checked that the condition (iii) here (and, hence, also in F)
may be dropped (see [4]; this also follows from Theorems 1 and 5 of [5]).
So G reduces to C.
References
[1] J. Cı̄rulis, Subtractive nearsemilattices, Proc. Latvian Acad.
Sci., Sect. B, vol. 52 (1998), pp. 228–233.
[2] H.B. Curry, Foundations of Mathematical logic, McGraw-Hill
Publ. Co, New York e.a., 1973.
[3] L. Henkin, An algebraic characterization of quantifiers, Fund.
Math., vol. 37 (1950), pp. 63–74.
[4] K. Iséki, Some results on positive implicative BCK-algebras with
condition (S), Math. Seminar Notes Kobe Univ., vol. 7 (1979), 437–
440.
[5] K. Iséki, BCK-algebras with condition (S), Math. Japon., vol.
24 (1979), pp. 107–119.
[6] M. Kondo, Hilbert algebras are dual isomorphic to positive im-
plicative BCK-algebras, Math. Japon., vol. 49 (1999), pp. 265–268.
[7] E.L. Marsden, Compatible elements in implicative models, J. Phi-
los. Log., vol. 1 (1972), pp. 156–161.
[8] E.L. Marsden, A note on implicative models, Notre Dame J.
Formal Log., vol. 14 (1973), pp. 139–144.
[9] J. Meng, Y.B. Jun, S.M. Hong, Implicative semilattices are equiva-
lent to positive implicative BCK-algebras with condition (S), Math.
Japon., vol. 48 (1998), pp. 251–255.
Department of Computer Science

University of Latvia
Raiņa b., 19
Riga LV-1586
Latvia
e-mail: jc@lanet.lv

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Positive implicative BCK-algebras with

Article in Bulletin of the Section of Logic · January 1999

Betweenness spaces View project

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

POSITIVE IMPLICATIVE BCK-ALGEBRAS WITH CON-

as subtractive semilattices [2]. The following fact is, in effect, a particu-

D: An algebra (L, ∨, −, 0) is a subtractive semilattice iff (L, −, 0)

Of course, C and D are equivalent in virtue of A. Regretfully, demonstra-

E: Suppose that (L, →, 1) is a Hilbert algebra in which any pair

Positive Implicative BCK-algebras with Condition (S) 133

Department of Computer Science

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