Chapter 2
Chapter 2
Chapter 2
2
Introduction
• The most general state of stress at a point may
be represented by 6 components,
x , y , z normal stresses
xy , yz , zx shearing stresses
(Note : xy yx , yz zy , zx xz )
7-3
3D Mohr’s Circle (Master Degree)
• Stress transformation
can be solved using
mathematical
equations (general
transformation
equations)
OR Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohr%27s_circle
Graphical method
(Mohr’s Circle)
4
5
Introduction
• Plane Stress state of stress in which two faces of
the cubic element are free of stress. For the
illustrated example, the state of stress is defined by
x , y , xy and z zx zy 0.
7-6
-ve (Compression) Positive and negatives signs
of a stress element
+ve (Tension)
-ve (cw)
+ve (Compression)
7
Example:
To investigate the effect of wall cladding due to the building deformation
Plane stress only considered on the x-y plane for this example
Rotated
Initial
ROTATES
Torsional
OR
ROTATES
Translation 8
Transformation of Plane Stress
• Consider the conditions for equilibrium of a
prismatic element with faces perpendicular to
the x, y, and x’ axes.
Fx 0 xA x A cos cos xy A cos sin
y A sin sin xy A sin cos
Fy 0 xyA x A cos sin xy A cos cos
y A sin cos xy A sin sin
x ave 2 x2y R 2
where
2
x y x y
ave R xy
2
2 2
7 - 10
Maximum Shearing Stress
x ave
7 - 11
12
13
How can we
know this
position is
for σmax.
Lets check it
(refer to
slide 14)
14
15
16
17
18
= 30 MPa (cw)
19
METHOD 1
MOHR CIRCLE
20
O= (σave, 0)
21
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohr%27s_circle
Method 1: Intersection at the circle perimeter
y
𝜏 (MPa)
60
10 MPa
40 MPa
40 50 MPa x
V
20
σave= 20 σ (MPa)
-60 -40 -20 20 40 60 80 100
C
-20
-40
-60
22
Method 1: Intersection at the circle perimeter
y
𝜏 (MPa)
60 Q1: Find principal stresses and orientation
10 MPa
of stress element
40 MPa
40 V 50 MPa x
20
-20
-40
70 Mpa
-60
23
Method 1: Intersection at the circle perimeter
y
𝜏 (MPa)
60 Q1: Find principal stresses and orientation
10 MPa
of stress element
40 MPa
40 V 50 MPa x
20
-20
30 Mpa
-40
70 Mpa
-60
24
Method 1: Intersection at the circle perimeter
y
𝜏 (MPa)
60 Q1: Find principal stresses and orientation
10 MPa
of stress element
40 MPa
40 V 50 MPa x
20
Θp = 26o c.c.w
-20
30 Mpa
θp
θp
-40
70 Mpa
-60
25
Method 1: Intersection at the circle perimeter
y
𝜏 (MPa) OR
60 Q1: Find principal stresses and orientation
10 MPa
of stress element
40 MPa
40 V 50 MPa x
20
-20
-40
-60
26
Method 1: Intersection at the circle perimeter
y
𝜏 (MPa) OR
60 Q1: Find principal stresses and orientation
10 MPa
of stress element
40 MPa
40 V 50 MPa x
20
Θp = 90o + 26o = 116o C.C.W
-40
-60
27
Method 1: Intersection at the circle perimeter
y
𝜏 (MPa)
20 MPa
50 MPa
Q2: Find maximum shearing stresses and
60
𝜏max= 50
10 MPa orientation of stress element
40 MPa
40 V 50 MPa x
20
σave= 20 σ (MPa)
-60 -40 -20 20 40 60 80 100
C
-20
-40
-60
28
Method 1: Intersection at the circle perimeter
y
𝜏 (MPa)
20 MPa
θs
50 MPa
Q2: Find maximum shearing stresses and
60
θs 10 MPa orientation of stress element
𝜏max= 50 40 MPa
40 V 50 MPa x
20
σave= 20 σ (MPa)
-60 -40 -20 20 40 60 80 100
C
-20
-40
-60
29
Method 1: Intersection at the circle perimeter
y
𝜏 (MPa)
20 MPa
50 MPa
Q2: Find maximum shearing stresses and
60
𝜏max= 50
10 MPa orientation of stress element
40 MPa
40 V 50 MPa x
20
σave= 20 σ (MPa)
-60 -40 -20 20 40 60 80 100
C
-20
-40
-60
30
Method 1: Intersection at the circle perimeter
y
𝜏 (MPa) OR
60 Q2: Find minimum shearing stresses and
10 MPa
𝜏max= 50 orientation of stress element
40 MPa
40 V 50 MPa x
20
σave= 20 σ (MPa)
-60 -40 -20 20 40 60 80 100
C
-20
-40
𝜏max= -50
-60
31
Method 1: Intersection at the circle perimeter
y
𝜏 (MPa) OR
60 Q2: Find minimum shearing stresses and
10 MPa
𝜏max= 50 orientation of stress element
40 MPa
40 V 50 MPa x
20
σave= 20 σ (MPa)
-60 -40 -20 20 40 60 80 100
C
-20
OR
Similar to 𝜏max= 50 MPa
-40
𝜏max= -50
-60
20 MPa
50 MPa
θs
32
Method 1: Intersection at the circle perimeter
y
𝜏 (MPa)
Q3: Rotated element at 45deg c.c.w
60
10 MPa
40 MPa
40 V 50 MPa x
20
σave= 20 σ (MPa)
-60 -40 -20 20 40 60 80 100
C
-20
-40
-20 MPa
-60
𝜏x’y’= -30 MPa
33
Method 1: Intersection at the circle perimeter
y
𝜏 (MPa)
Q3: Rotated element at 45deg c.c.w
60
10 MPa
40 MPa
40 V 50 MPa x
20
-20
𝜏x’y’= -30 MPa
-40
34
Method 1: Intersection at the circle perimeter
y
𝜏 (MPa)
20 MPa
50 MPa
60
10 MPa
𝜏max= 50
40 MPa
40 V 50 MPa x
20
-20
30 Mpa
70 Mpa
30 Mpa
-40
70 Mpa
σy'= 30 MPa σx'= 60 MPa 𝜏max= -50
-60
𝜏x’y’= 30 MPa 20 MPa
50 MPa
35
METHOD 2
MOHR CIRCLE
36
Principal Stresses
C = (σave , 0)
Pole = (σx, -𝜏xy)
x ave 2 x2y R 2
where
2
x y x y
ave R xy
2
2 2
7 - 37
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohr%27s_circle
38
Method 2: Intersection at the center of circle
𝜏 (MPa)
60
40
V = (σx, -𝜏xy)
20 (50, -40)
σave= 20 σ (MPa)
-40
y
-60 -20 20 40 60 80 100
C
-20
10 MPa
40 MPa
-40 V 50 MPa x
-60
39
Method 2: Intersection at the center of circle
𝜏 (MPa)
60 Q1: Find principal stresses and orientation
of stress element
40
Principal plane
20
-20
10 MPa
40 MPa
-40 V 50 MPa x
-60
40
Method 2: Intersection at the center of circle
𝜏 (MPa)
60
40
20
-20
2θp = 52o
10 MPa θp = 26o (ccw)
40 MPa
-40 V 50 MPa x
-60
41
Method 2: Intersection at the center of circle
𝜏 (MPa)
Q2: Find maximum shearing stresses and
60
𝜏max= 50
orientation of stress element
40
Shear plane
20
2θs
σave= 20 σ (MPa)
-40
y
-60 -20 20 40 60 80 100
C
-20
2θs = 144o
10 MPa θs = 72o (ccw)
40 MPa
-40 V 50 MPa x
𝜏max= -50
-60
42
Method 2: Intersection at the center of circle
𝜏 (MPa)
Q2: Find maximum shearing stresses and
60
𝜏max= 50
orientation of stress element
40
20
2θs σ (MPa)
-40
y
-60 -20 20 40 60 80 100
C
σave= 20
-20
2θs = 144o
10 MPa θs = 72o (ccw)
40 MPa
-40 V 50 MPa x
𝜏max= -50
-60
43
44
Method 2: Intersection at the center of circle
𝜏 (MPa)
Q3: Rotated element at 45deg c.c.w
60
Rotated plane
40
𝜏x’y’= 30 MPa
20
-20
θ = 45o (ccw)
10 MPa 2θ = 90 o (ccw)
40 MPa
-40 V 50 MPa x
-60
45
46
Other Example
of
MOHR’s CIRCLE
47
48
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohr%27s_circle 49
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohr%27s_circle 50