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TOPIC 1 - Language - and - Communication PDF

This document discusses key characteristics and elements of language and communication. It notes that all languages are equally complex and capable of expressing ideas, that language is primarily oral, and that language evolves over time. It defines several types of communication including intrapersonal, small group, dyadic, public, and mass communication. The core elements of any communication process are identified as the sender, receiver, message, medium, and feedback. Context and noise are also discussed as factors that can influence effective communication.

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devvy anne
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103 views

TOPIC 1 - Language - and - Communication PDF

This document discusses key characteristics and elements of language and communication. It notes that all languages are equally complex and capable of expressing ideas, that language is primarily oral, and that language evolves over time. It defines several types of communication including intrapersonal, small group, dyadic, public, and mass communication. The core elements of any communication process are identified as the sender, receiver, message, medium, and feedback. Context and noise are also discussed as factors that can influence effective communication.

Uploaded by

devvy anne
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Language and Communication

Characteristics of Language
 Language is dynamic and evolves through time.

 Wherever humans exist, language exists.

 All languages are equally complex and equally capable of expressing any idea
in the universe.

 All languages change through time.

 The relationships between the sounds and meanings of spoken languages and
between the gestures and meanings of sign languages are for most part,
arbitrary.

 All grammars contain rules for the formation of words and sentences of
similar kind.

 Every spoken language includes discrete sound segments that can all be
defined by finite set of sound properties or features.

 Similar grammatical categories are found in all languages

 Every language has a way of referring to past time, negating, forming


questions, etc.

 Language is primarily oral and any normal child born anywhere in the world of
any racial, geographical, social or economic heritage is capable of learning
any language to which he or she is exposed to.

Forms of Communication
Intrapersonal communication is a communication which happens yourself. Here
both Source (sender) and receiver is only one. so, the feedback works without
any interruption. Example: A person can communicate himself through pain,
thinking, feelings and emotion etc.

Small group communication has more than two members involved in


communication process will become a group communication. If least number of
persons is involved in the group communication is called as small group
communication. In this communication process, everyone becomes a Source as
well as receiver through sharing information and gives feedback to another.

Dyadic communication, two persons are involved in this communication process.


Here the Source becomes a receiver and receiver become Source because of
dynamic communication process were the feedback’s are shared between Source
and the receiver.

Language and Communication 1


Public communication has source or messages from a single person will reach or
received by huge number of audience. But in this communication there is no
mutual feedbacks between source and receiver like small group communication
and it’s only focused on Speaker.

Mass communication basically has a large number of audience and they are all
can’t grouped together in one place so we need certain tool or technology for
communication process. But in mass communication, there is no direct access
with receiver. So, for that they need media like newspaper, radio, television and
internet. Here the audience feedback is very less or delayed.

Elements of Communication

Communication Process Definition


The term communication process refers to the exchange of information
(a message) between two or more people. For communication to succeed, both
parties must be able to exchange information and understand each other. If the
flow of information is blocked for some reason or the parties cannot make
themselves understood, then communication fails.

The Sender
The communication process begins with the sender, who is also called
the communicator or source. The sender has some kind of information — a
command, request, question, or idea — that he or she wants to present to others.
For that message to be received, the sender must first encode the message in a
form that can be understood, such as by the use of a common language or
industry jargon, and then transmit it.

The Receiver

Language and Communication 2


The person to whom a message is directed is called the receiver or
the interpreter. To comprehend the information from the sender, the receiver must
first be able to receive the sender's information and then decode or interpret it.

The Message

The message or content is the information that the sender wants to relay to the


receiver. Additional subtext can be conveyed through body language and tone of
voice. Put all three elements together — sender, receiver, and message — and
you have the communication process at its most basic.

The Medium

Also called the channel, the medium is the means by which a message is


transmitted. Text messages, for example, are transmitted through the medium of
cell phones.

Feedback

The communication process reaches its final point when the message has been
successfully transmitted, received, and understood. The receiver, in turn,
responds to the sender, indicating comprehension. Feedback may be direct, such
as a written or verbal response, or it may take the form of an act or deed in
response (indirect).

Other Factors
The communication process isn't always so simple or smooth, of course. These
elements can affect how information is transmitted, received, and interpreted:

Noise: This can be any sort of interference that affects the message being
sent, received, or understood. It can be as literal as static over a phone line or
radio or as esoteric as misinterpreting a local custom.

Context: This is the setting and situation in which communication takes place.


Like noise, context can have an impact on the successful exchange of
information. It may have a physical, social, or cultural aspect to it. In a private
conversation with a trusted friend, you would share more personal
information or details about your weekend or vacation, for example, than in a
conversation with a work colleague or in a meeting.

The Communication Process in Action


Brenda wants to remind her husband, Roberto, to stop by the store after work
and buy milk for dinner. She forgot to ask him in the morning, so Brenda texts a
reminder to Roberto. He texts back and then shows up at home with a gallon of
milk under his arm. But something's amiss: Roberto bought chocolate milk when
Brenda wanted regular milk.

Language and Communication 3


In this example, the sender is Brenda. The receiver is Roberto. The medium is
a text message. The code is the English language they're using. And the message
itself is "Remember the milk!" In this case, the feedback is both direct and
indirect. Roberto texts a photo of milk at the store (direct) and then came home
with it (indirect). However, Brenda did not see the photo of the milk because the
message didn't transmit (noise) and Roberto didn't think to ask what kind of milk
(context).

Essentials of Oral Communication


Competence in oral communication is also important because it makes you
become an effective leader: one who is able to:

1. listen attentively to identify the conveyed meaning

2. collaborate with others

3. use critical thinking and problem solving skills


4. give appropriate feedback

5. converse with others of different backgrounds

These are qualities that are relevant in the present 21st Century World.

1. Methods of Speech delivery / Types of Speech


Methods of delivery refer to the style of delivery.

1. Manuscript - delivered by speakers who intend to read aloud their speech word
for word to their audience.

Example: Writing or reading a proclamation paper, public announcement or


court decision.

2. Memorized - delivered by speakers who intend to memorize their speech word


for word. It is usually written by or by speakers who are inexperienced or
uncomfortable in public speaking

Example: Declamation, oration

3. Impromptu Speech - delivered by speakers who are suddenly asked or


requested by someone or a group of people to say a few words about
something.

Example: Sharing with the class about your experience, idea, prior knowledge,
requested by an emcee to give a birthday wish

4. Extemporaneous Speech - delivered by speakers who intend to present a well-


crafted speech. This speech is fully prepared and perfectly rehearsed ahead of
time.

Example: Giving an inspirational talk to the graduates

2. Components of a Speech
I. Introduction

Language and Communication 4


a. Attention getter
b. Initial summary

c. Speaker's credibility (telling the audience why you are the right person to
talk about the subject)
d. Relevance of the topic to the audience(stating what's in or objectives for
the audience)

e. Self introduction OPTIONAL


f. Thesis Statement

II. Body

a. Main Idea - 2 supporting details ex. cause and effect

b. Main Idea- 2 supporting details ex. similarities and differences

c. Main Idea- 2 supporting details ex. advantages and disadvantages


d. Main Idea- 2 supporting details ex. process and product

Visualization- time to note the positive and negative consequences of your


topic
III. Conclusion

a. Closure- letting your audience know that you are about to end your speech

b. Summary

c. Call to action
d. Powerful closing statement - What the audience will remember at the end of
your speech

Language and Communication 5

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