Technical Drafting: Tech-Voc Department
Technical Drafting: Tech-Voc Department
Technical Drafting: Tech-Voc Department
of the Philippines
ST. AMATIEL EDUCATION
SYSTEM
TECH-VOC
DEPARTMENT
INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
Learning Module
TECHNICAL
DRAFTING
Page
What Is This Module About ? .......
.....................................................
........................ 2
How Do You Use This Module ......
.....................................................
....................... 3
LESSON 1 – Prepare Draftin
g Materials and Tools/Drawin.........................................
72
g Instrument 4
....................................................................
143
LESSON 2 – Perform Basic
Mensuration and Calculation .
........................... 32
LESSON 3 – Interpret Workin
g Plans and Sketches
LESSON 4 – Apply Safety Practice
s
Answer Keys ................................
.....................................................
.......................... 179
List of Materials /Tools/Equipment
/Consumables for this Module ......
......... 190
T
1
TECH-VOC DEPARTMENT
What Is This Module?
Welcome to the world of TECHNICAL
DRAFTING!
This Module is an exploratory course w
National Certificate Level II ( NC II) . It covers 4
hich leads you to Technical Drafting
1
common competencies that
an Information
Technology
(IT) student like you ought to possess,
namely:
1. Prepare Drafting Materials and Tools
/Drawing Instruments
2. Perform Basic Mensuration and Calc
ulation
3. Interpret Working Plans and Sketche
s
4. Apply Safety Practices
These 4 common competencies are cov
ered separately in 4 Lessons. As shown
below, each Lesson is directed to the
attainment of one or two learning outco
me
Lesson 1 – Prepare Drafting Material
s and Tools/Drawing Instruments
LO 1. Identify drafting materials and to
ols/drawing instruments applicable to
a specific job
LO 2. Request, receive and inspect dra
fting materials and tools/drawing
instruments
Lesson 2 – Perform Basic Mensuratio
n and Calculation
LO 1. Select and use measuring instru
ments
LO 2. Clean and store measuring instru
ments
LO 3. Convert fraction to decimal and v
ice versa
1
LO 4. Convert English to Metric Measu
rement vice versa
Lesson 3 – Interpret Working Plans a
nd Sketches
LO 1. Identify assembly and detailed dr
awing.
Lesson 4 – Apply Safety Practices
LO 1. Identify hazardous area
LO 2. Use personal protective clothing
and devices
Your success in this exploratory course on
Technical Drafting is shown in your
ability to perform the performance stand
ards found in each Lesson .
T 2
TECH-VOC DEPARTMENT
How Do You Use This Module?
This Module has 4 Lessons. Each Lesson has the following
parts.
Learning Outcomes
Performance Standards
Materials
Definition of Terms
What Do You Already Know?
What Do You Need to Know?
How Much Have You Learned?
How Do You Apply What You Learned?
How Well Did You Perform?
How Do You Extend Your Learning?
References
To get the most from this Module, you need to do the followi
ng:
1. Begin by reading and understanding the Learning Outco
me/s and Performance
Standards. These tell you what you should know and be abl
e to do at the end of this
Module.
2. Find out what you already know by taking the Pretest the
n check your answer
against the Answer Key. If you get 99 to 100% of the items
correctly, you may
proceed to the next Lesson. This means that you need not
go through the Lesson
because you already know what it is about. If you failed to
get 99 to 100% correctly,
go through the Lesson again and review especially those ite
ms which you failed to
get.
3. Do the required Learning Activities. They begin with one
or more Information
Sheets. An Information Sheet contains important notes or b
asic information that you
need to know.
After reading the Information Sheet, test yourself on how m
uch you learned
by means of the Self-check. Refer to the Answer Key for co
rrection. Do not hesitate
to go back to the Information Sheet when you do not get
all test items correctly.
This will ensure your mastery of basic information.
4. Demonstrate what you learned by doing what the Activit
y / Operation /Job Sheet
directs you to do.
5. You must be able to apply what you have learned in anot
her activity or in real life
situation.
6. Accomplish the Scoring Rubrics for you to know how well
you performed.
Each Lesson also provides you with references and definitio
n of key terms for your
guide. They can be of great help. Use them fully.
If you have questions, ask your teacher for assistance.
TECH
NICA 3
L DR
AFTI
NG
TECHVOC DEPARTMENT
LESSON 1
Prepare Draf
ting Material
s and
.
Tools/Drawi
ng Instrume
nt
LEARNING O
UTCOMES:
At the end of thi
s Lesson, you ar
e
expected to
do the following
:
LO 1. identify drafting
materials and tools/dra
wing instruments appli
cable
to a specific job
LO 2. request, receive a
nd inspect drafting mat
erials and tools/drawin
g
instruments
T 4
TECH-VOC
DEPARTMENT
Definition of Terms
Assembly drawing – a drawing tha
t shows how different parts go toget
her
Compass – an instrument used wh
en drawing arcs and circles
Delivery receipt – a form that show
s proof or receipt of goods or servic
es
Detailed drawing – a drawing show
ing a single part of a machine
Dimensioning – the process of pla
cing measurements in a drawing in t
he Metric or
English system
Divider – a drawing instrument use
d when transferring measurements,
dividing lines,
arcs into the desired num
ber of equal parts
Drawing – a picture, diagram made
of lines, a graphic representation of
real thing,
an idea or a design for p
roduction or construction
Drawing pencil – one of the most i
mportant tools of a draftsman, used
for drawing
English system – a system of linea
r measurement where it is based on
standard
foot
Erasing shield – used when clearin
g up smudges, unnecessary pencil l
ines
Geometrical construction – the pr
ocess wherein geometric problems
are solved
accur
ately in mechanical drawings
Mechanical drafting – a process fo
r making accurate drawings using s
pecial
drawing tool
s and instruments
Metric system – a system of linear
measurement which it is based on t
he standard
meter
Orthographic drawing – the object
is presented into two or more views
by
projecting
the outline into the planes of projecti
on
perpendic
ular to each other
Pictorial view – the presentation of
an object where it is viewed showin
g the three
faces of an object
are shown
Protractor – used for determining g
radations of the degrees when mea
suring arcs
and circles
Requisition form – an official form,
a printed document on which a requ
est is made
Sketch – a quickly executed freeha
nd drawing that is not intended as a
finished work
Triangular scale – a tool generally
used when reproducing a drawing in
an enlarged
or reduced versi
on to some regular proportion
T-Square – a drawing instrument us
ed when drawing horizontal and vert
ical lines
Acronyms
EDP System – Electronic Data Pro
cessing System
T 5
TECH-VOC DEPARTMENT
LEARNING OUTCOME 1
Identify drafting materials and tools/drawi
ng instruments
applicable to a specific job.
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
1. Drafting materials and tools/drawing i
nstruments are identified per job
requirements.
2. Materials and tools/drawing instrume
nts are classified according to their use
s
to a specific drafting project.
Materials
T- square
Triangles 30 x 60 and 45 x 45
Pencils/ mechanical pencils
Compass/ Divider
Drawing paper
Drawing board
Triangular Scale
Eraser
Erasing shield
Protractor
Sharpener
Drawing Tape
T
6
TECH-VOC DEPARTMENT
What Do You Already Know?
Let us determine how much you already know
about drafting materials and
tools/drawing instruments. Take this test.
Pretest LO 1
Direction: Select the drafting material and tool/dr
awing applicable to a specific job.
1. A drafting tool used for drawing horizontal lines
2. Drafting material used for fastening the drawing paper
on the drawing table
A. Compass B. Divid C. Masking Tap
D. Triangle
er e
3. The main function of this tool is to reproduce the mea
surements of an object to any
size.
4. This drafting tool is used to protect the rest of the dra
wing when removing
unnecessary lines.
A. Erasing Shiel
B. EraserC. Masking D. Pencil Sharpe
d pe ner
5. This drafting tool is used when drawing vertical lines.
A. Compass B. Triangl C. Triangular Scales D. Ru
e ler
T
7
TECH-VOC DEPARTMENT
Direction: Match Column A with Column B. Write only the letter of the correct answer on
a separate sheet of paper.
Column A Column B
1. Type of pencils when extreme accuracy is required A. Eraser
2. Used to clean the dirt off the drawing B. Medium pencils
3. An instrument used for transferring measurements C. Protractor
4. Type of pencils used for general purpose in drawing D. Divider
5. Best tool when measuring arcs, angles and circles E. Hard pencils
F. Triangle
Now check your answers using the Answer Key. If you got 90-100% of the
items correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next
activity/ties again to gain knowledge and skills required for mastery.
TECHNICAL DRAFTING 8
TECH-VOC DEPARTMENT
What Do You Need To Know?
Read Information Sheet 1.1 very well then find ou
t how much you can
Remember and how much you learned by doing
Self-check 1.1.
Information Sheet 1.1
DRAFTING MATERIALS AND TOOLS, ITS USES/F
UNCTIONS
There are a great variety of drafting material
s and tools used in mechanical
drawing. The drafting materials and tools discu
ssed in this Module include most of the basic
ones but sufficient enough for your initial under
standing about mechanical drawing.
PICTURES/ILLUSTRAT
MATERIALS,DESCRIPTION AND
IONS FUNCTION
Drawing paper
Various types of drawing papers are available for use
but hard and soft surface drawing papers are highly
recommended to be the best. This type does not groove
easily when pressure is applied to the pencil. Oslo
paper is commonly used but bond
Drawing pap paper is also
er r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d
.
Masking tape
This is used for fastening the drawing paper on the
drawing table or drawing board because it does not
damage the board and it will not damage the paper if it is
removed by pulling it off.
Masking Tape
TEC
HNI 9
CAL
DRA
FTI
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TECH-VOC DEPARTMENT
Pencil sharpener
Pencils should be sharp
ened whenever they sho
w sign of
dullness. Various types
and designs are availabl
e in the
store for use.
Pencil sharpener
Eraser
This is used to clean the
dirt off the drawing. A s
oft eraser
is advantageous in remo
ving smudges and penci
l marks,
whereas, a harder erase
r is useful for making ch
anges
and correcting errors in t
he drawing.
Eraser
Drawing pencil
This is one of the mo
st important tools in d
rawing. It
comes in various grades
. The grade of pencil to
be used
depends on the quality o
f paper to be used. Yo
u have to
take into consideration a
lso the type of line work
required.
Hard pencils –
are used where
Hard extreme accurac
nge y is
required especially wor
king on graphs, diagra
ms and
charts.
Medium pencils – are u
sed for general purpose
work in
drawing.
Soft pencils –
are too soft to
drafting. They are very
useful for art work of var
ious kinds.
Soft Range
T 1
TECH-VOC
DEPARTMENT
Triangular Scales
This is a tool generally u
sed when reproducing a
drawing
in an enlarged or reduce
d form to some regular p
roportion.
The architect’s scale is
the most commonly us
ed for
general drawing. Its m
ain function is to repro
duce the
measurements of an obj
ect in full size, reduced si
ze, and
Triangular enlarged si
cales ze.
Erasing Shield
This tool is made up of m
etal with irregular holes.
It is a
useful tool to protect the
rest of the drawing when
clearing
up smudges, unnecessar
y pencil lines and other e
rasures.
Erasing Shield
DRAWING INSTRUM
ENTS
Drawing instruments a
re used for drawing an
d designing purposes.
Their quality is
very essential if you w
ant to have good result
. Cheaper drawing too
ls and instruments do
not only provide poor q
uality results but also d
o not last long. You ha
ve to observe proper
handling and care if yo
u want them. 3.0
.
PICTUR MATERIA
ES/ILL LS AND T
USTRA OOLS DE
TIONS SCRIPTIO
N
T-Square
It is a drawing instrum
ent used when making
horizontal lines. It is also
used for guiding triangles
when
drawing vertical lines. It i
s made of wood, plastic
or the
combination of both. Th
ere are three (3) types of
T-
square, namely:
1. Fixed Head. The hea
d is fastened to the blade
. It is
used for ordinary work.
2. Movable Head or Adj
ustable Head. It has one
fixed
and one adjustable head
and used only for occasi
onal
drawing.
3. Detachable Head or
Removable Head. It is d
esigned
for comfort when carryin
g the T-square.
T
1
TECH-VOC
DEPARTMENT
Triangle
It is a three-
sided ruler, whi
ch typically ha
s two
equal sides me
eting at a 90 d
egree angle an
d to a third
side at 45, 30,
including 60 de
gree angles. It
is usually
made of plastic
and comes in
different sizes.
If in use,
the base of the
triangle must r
est on the blad
e of the T-
square. Drawi
ng a line alway
s starts from th
e point near
the base going
upward. Com
monly used tri
angles are:
a. 30 degrees
X 60 degrees
b. 45 d
egrees X 45 d
egrees
Compass
This drawing i
nstrument is u
sed when draw
ing
arcs and circle
s. It is used in
a similar way t
o a divider. It
is composed of
one with the p
en leg and the
needle
point leg being
held together
with a handle.
This drawing
instrument can
be used for bot
h penciling and
inking.
Divider
is a
drawi
instru when
ng ment
used
transferring me
asurements, di
viding lines an
d arcs into
the desired nu
mber of equal
parts. It can e
asily transfer
accurate meas
urements by a
djusting the div
ider points.
Constant corre
ct practice is n
ecessary befor
e doing an
actual work for
a quick and ea
sy control whe
n use.
Protractor
It is a semi-
circular instru
ment divided in
to
180 equal part
s, each of whic
h is called a de
gree. It is
used to deter
mine gradatio
ns of the degr
ees when
P arcs,
angl
circle
High
qualit
r ess.y
protractor is us
ually made of
plastic.
Did you enjo
y reading the
given informa
tion? Which
among the dr
afting
materials, an
d drawing to
ols and instr
uments matte
r to you most
? Well, you
are
just starting
how. Let’s m
ove ahead to
enrich your u
nderstanding.
T
1
TECH-VOC
DEPARTME
NT
How Much Have You Learned?
Self-Check 1.1
Directions: There are twelve (12) different drafting materi
als and tools and drawing
instruments that can be found in the puzzle. I
dentify at least ten (10) of
them.
Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?
TEC
HNIC
AL D 1
RAFT
ING
TECH-VOC DEPARTMENT
How Do You Apply What You Have Learned?
It is not enough that you learned concepts on drafting materials and
drawing instruments. Be sure that you are also able to demonstrate t
he
skills. Do this Activity Sheet.
Activity Sheet 1.1
Proper Manipulation of the T-square
Directions: Below is a simple activity for you to work on. Practice the
task following the
given procedure.
Instrument:
T – Square
Equipment:
Drawing Table (Drafting Table or Drawing Board)
Procedure:
1. Place the head of the T-square against the edge of the drafting table. (Le
ft side of
the table if you are right handed and at the right side of the table if you are l
eft
handed).
2. Slide the working head of the T-square against the working edge of the d
rawing
table. The two edges should be in constant contact until the desired positio
n.
Note: Do not use the T-square on an uneven or rough surfaces and nev
er cut paper
along its working edge.
T
E
1
TECH-VOC DEPARTMENT
For Right-handed For Left-handed
Proper use of T-Square
Setting up Drawing Paper on the Drawing Table
Directions: Below is a simple activity for you to work on. Practice the task
following the
given procedure.
Materials:
Drawing paper
Masking tape
Instrument:
T – Square
Equipment:
Drawing Table
TECHNICAL D
RAFTING
1
TECH-VOC DEPARTMENT
Procedure:
1. Press firmly the T-
square against the wo
rking edge of the draw
ing table.
2. Place the drawing
paper close to the wor
king edge of the drawi
ng table and
working head of
the T-square de
pending on you i
f you are right or
left-handed,
while the paper i
s placed on top
edge of the T-
square.
3. Fasten the upper le
ft portion of the drawin
g paper followed by th
e lower right
portion and finall
y the remaining
corners.
Note: Always fasten larg
er backing sheet of thick
er drawing paper on the
board first.
Placing dra
wing paper to t
he drawing boa
rd
Drawing a Hori
zontal Line
Directions: Bel
ow is a simple a
ctivity for you to
work on. Practic
e the task followi
ng the
give
n procedure.
Materials:
Drawing pa
per
Masking ta
pe
Instrumen
t:
T – Square
Triangles (30
deg. x 60 de
g. and 45 de
g. x 45 deg.)
Equipment
:
Drawing Ta
ble
1
T
TECH-VOC
DEPARTMENT
Procedure:
1. Press the hea
d of the T-
square against t
he working edge
of the drawing ta
ble and
lean the pencil t
o the desired dir
ection of the line
inclined at more
or less 60
degrees with the
drawing table.
2. Maintain the
position of the p
encil while you g
lide lightly on the
blade of the T-
square.
3. Draw the line
from left to right
rotating occasio
nally to produce
uniform line
weights.
(Reverse this
step if you are left
-handed).
Using the T-
Square to draw
Horizontal lines
Drawing a Verti
cal Line
Directions:
Below is a
simple acti
vity for you
to work on.
Practice th
e task follo
wing the
given procedure.
Materials:
Drawing paper
Masking tape
Instrument:
T – Square
Triangles (30 de
g. x 60 deg. and
45 deg. x 45 de
g.)
Equipment:
Drawing Table
T 1
TECH-VOC
DEPARTMENT
Procedure:
1. Use 45 degrees triangle or 30 degrees x 60 degrees to draw vertical lines.
2. Place the triangle on top of the blade of the T-square with the vertical edge on the
left.
3. With the left hand pressing the T-square and the triangle against the drawing
board, draw the line upward, rotating the pencil slowly between the thumb and
forefinger.
See figure below.
Drawing vertical lines using triangles and T-square
How did you find the activities? Did you enjoy doing them?
Did you find them difficult? Challenge yourself by keeping on
practicing correctly the given steps in each activity. Have fun!
TECHNICAL DRAFTING
18
TECH-VOC DEPARTMENT
How Well Did You Perform?
Find out by accomplishing the Scoring R
ubric honestly and sincerely.
Remember it is your learning at stake!
Learner's Na Date:
me:
rd
Com Test
pete Atte
ncy: mpt
1st 2nd 3
Directions: OVERALL EVALUATI
ON
Ask your teacher to Level
assess your
performance in Achieve PERFORMANCE LE
the d VELS
following critical
task & 4 - Can perform this
performanc skill without
e criteria supervision and with in
b itiative and
e adaptability to problem
l situations.
o
w
3 - Can perform this skill satisfactorily
You will be rate without assistance or
d based supervision.
on the overall
evaluation 2 - Can perform this skill
on the satisfactorily but
right si requires some a
de. ssistance and/o
r
supervision.
1 - Can perform parts of this skill
satisfactorily, but requires considerable
assistance and/or
supervision.
Note: Instructor will initial level achieved.
TE 1
CH
NI
CA
L D
RA
FTI
NG
TECH-VOC DEPARTMENT
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
Yes No N/A
For acceptable achievement, all ite
ms should receive a "Yes"
or "N/A" response.
After gaining knowledge from t
he previous activities, you are
ready to learn about official do
cuments and other related form
s
pertaining to involve when you nee
d drafting materials, drawing tools
and instruments needed in prepari
ng mechanical drawings. Now proc
eed
to another learning experiences. E
njoy and have fun!
T
2
TECH-VOC DEPARTMENT
LEARNING OUTCOME 2
Request, receive, inspect and stor
e drafting materials and
tools
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
1. RecReceived and inspected materials and to
ols per quantity and
specification based on requisition.
2. Tools and materials are checked for damage
and manufacturing
defects.
3. RecReceived materials and tools/instruments
are handled with appropriate
safety devices.
Materials
Sample forms in requesting, receiving, inspect
ing and storing drafting materials and
tools, drawing instrument
Pencils/ mechanical pencils
T
TECH-VOC DEPARTMENT
What Do You Already Know?
Let us determine how much you already know about
requesting, receiving and
inspecting drafting materials and tools/drawing instr
uments. Take this test.
Pretest LO 1
Directions: Read the statement carefully. Write the
letter of the correct answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. This form shows proof or receipt of goods or ser
vices.
A. delivery receipt C. purchase order
form form
B. inventory f D. requisition sli
orm p form
2. This form contains specified quantities of describ
ed goods at agreed terms and at a
designated time and place.
A. delivery receip C. purchase order
t form form
B. inventory D. requisition sli
form p form
3. This form is a printed document on which a requ
est is made.
A. delivery recei C. purchase orde
pt form r form
B. inventory D. requisition sli
form p form
4. This form contains information about name, num
ber, purchase information and cost of
goods and displays on a balance sheet.
A. delivery recei C. purchase orde
pt form r form
B. inventory D. requisition sli
form p form
5. This department is in-charge of unloading, unpa
cking of incoming materials, check,
identify goods received with descriptions on the pur
chase order.
A. accounting dep C. receiving depar
artment tment
B. budget depar D. sales depart
tment ment
Compare your answers using the Answer Key. If you
got 90-100% of
the items correct, that means you are already fa
miliar with the lesson
covered by Learning Outcome No. 2. Therefore you c
an proceed to the next
activity.
If you got many items wrong, study the lesson
again. Carefully
reviewing the lesson helps you understand the conc
epts better. This also
helps you learn the skills to mastery level. Concentra
te on the parts that
cover the questions you missed. After this, you are
very much ready to
proceed to the next learning activity.
TE
CH
NIC
AL
DR
AFT
ING
TECH-VOC DEPARTMEN