Carpentry Lesson

Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum

Technology and Livelihood Education
Learning Module
CARPENTRY
EXPLORATORY COURSE
Grades 7 and Grade 8
TABLE OF CONTENTS
What Is This Module About ?....................................................................................2
How Do You Use This Module ...............................................................................3
LESSON 1 – Prepare Construction Materials and Tools ......................... 4-22
LESSON 2 – Maintain Tools and Equipment ......................................... 23-
38
LESSON 3 – Perform Mensuration and Calculation ............................... 39-
58
LESSON 4 – Interpret Drawings and Plans ............................................... 59-75
LESSON 5 – Practice Occupational Health and Safety ........................ 76-
108 Answer Keys.....................................................................................................109-
115
Acknowledgment .....................................................................................................116
CARPENTRY 1
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
What Is This Module About?
Welcome to the world of Carpentry!
This Module is an exploratory course which leads you to Carpentry National

Certificate Level II ( NC II)1. It covers 5 common competencies that a Grade 7 / Grade 8
Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) student like you ought to possess, namely:
1). prepare Construction Materials and

Tools; 2). maintain Tools and Equipment;
3). perform Mensurations and
Calculations; 4). interpret Drawings and
Plans; and
5) practice Occupational Health and
Safety Procedures.
These 5 common competencies are covered separately in 5 Lessons. As shown

below, each Lesson is directed to the attainment of one or two learning outcomes.
Lesson 1 – Prepare Construction Materials and Tools

LO 1 - Identify materials and tools applicable to a specific
construction job LO 2 - Request appropriate materials and tools
LO 3 - Receive and inspect materials
Lesson 2 – Maintain Tools and Equipment

LO 1 - Check conditions of tools and
equipment LO 2 - Perform basic preventive
maintenance
LO 3 - Store tools and equipment
Learning Outcomes
Lesson 3 – Perform Mensurations and

Calculations
LO 1 - Select measuring instruments
LO 2 - Carryout measurement and
calculations
Lesson 4 – Interpret Drawings and Plans

LO 1 - Analyze signs, symbols and data
LO 2 - Interpret technical drawings
and plans LO 3 - Apply Freehand Sketching
Lesson 5 – Practice Occupational Health

and Safety Procedures
LO 1 - Identity hazards and
risks LO 2 - Evaluate hazards and
risks. LO 3 - Control hazards and
risks.
LO 4 Maintain occupational
health and safety awareness.
CARPENTRY 2
K to 12 –NATIONAL
Technology
1 and Livelihood Education
CERTIFICATE (NC) is a certification issued to individuals who achieved all the required units of competency for
a national qualification as defined under the Training Regulations. NCs are aligned to specific levels within the PTQF. (TESDA Board
Resolution No. 2004-13, Training Regulations Framework)
NATIONAL CERTIFICATE LEVEL refers to the four (4) qualification levels defined in the Philippine TVET Qualifications
Framework (PTQF) where the worker with:
a. NC I performs a routine and predictable tasks; has little judgment; and, works under supervision;
Your success in this exploratory course on Carpentry is shown in your ability to
perform the performance standards found in each lesson.
How Do You Use This Module?
This Module has 5 Lessons. Each Lesson has the following parts.
 Learning Outcomes
 Performance Standards
 Materials/Resources
 References
 Definition of Terms
 What Do You Already Know?
 What Do You Need to Know?
 How Much Have You Learned?
 How Do You Apply What You Learned?
 How Well Did You Perform?
 How Do You Extend Your Learning?
To get the most from this Module, do the following.
1. Read the Learning Outcome/s and Performance Standards. These tell you what you
should know and be able to do at the end of this Module.
2. Find out what you already know by taking the Pretest then check your answer
against the Answer Key. If you get 99 to 100% of the items correctly, you may
proceed to the next Lesson. This means that you need not go through the Lesson
because you already know what it is about. If you failed to get 99 to 100% correctly,
go through the Lesson again and review especially those items which you failed to
get.
3. Do the required Learning Activities. They begin with one or more Information Sheets.
An Information Sheet contains important notes or basic information that you need to
know.
After reading the Information Sheet, test yourself on how much you learned
by means of the Self-check. Refer to the Answer Key for correction. Do not
hesitate to go back to the Information Sheet when you do not get all test items
correctly. This will ensure your mastery of basic information.
4. Demonstrate what you learned by doing what the Activity/Operation/Job Sheet
directs you to do.
5. Apply what you have learned in another activity or in real life situation.
6. Accomplish the Scoring Rubrics for you to know how well you performed.
Each Lesson also provides you with references and definition of key terms for your guide.
They can be of great help. Use them fully.
If you have questions, ask your teacher for assistance.
CARPENTRY 3
LESSON 1
Prepare Construction Materials and

Tools
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to
do the following:
LO 1. identify materials and tools applicable to a specific

construction job;
LO 2. request appropriate materials and tools; and
LO 3. receive and inspect materials.
CARPENTRY 4
Definition of Terms
Bill – a statement of payment due to goods and services
Damage – a destruction, injury, or harm to a person or thing
Job – a piece of work of a definite extent or character for a set of fee
Material – a stuff upon which a thing is made
Quantity – a number, amount in size
Requisition – act of requiring something to be furnished; a written request for

something authorized but not made available automatically
Tool – a simple implement, as a hammer, saw, and spade chisel etc. used in work
Work – something made or accomplished
CARPENTRY 5
LEARNING OUTCOME 1
Identify materials and tools applicable to a specific

construction job
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
 Tools and materials are identified as per job requirements.

 Tools are classified according to its function as per job requirements.
 Materials are classified according to its uses to a specific construction
project.
 Tools and materials are selected as per job requirement.
Materials / Resources
 Lumber  Water
 Nails  G. I Sheet
 Screw  Reinforcement Steel Bar
 G.I Wire  Cement
What Do You Already Know?
Pretest LO 1
Let us determine how much you already know about identifying materials and
tools applicable to a specific construction job. Take this test.
Directions: Select the best answer for the choices given. Write your answer on your test
notebook.
1. Object used as parts or components of projects.

A. Tools C. Equipment
B. Materials D. Hardware
2. Implements manipulated by the hand to facilitate carpentry works.

A. Tools C. Equipment
B. Materials D. Hardware
3. List 3 familiar carpentry tools in your house.

4. List 3 construction materials used in your house.
5. List 3 hardware used in your house.
CARPENTRY 6
Now check your answer using the Answer Key. If you got 90 - 100 % of the items correctly,
proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next activity/ties again to gain knowledge
and skills required for mastery.
What Do You Need To Know?
Read Information Sheet 1.1 very well then find out how much you can
remember and how much you learned by doing the Self-check 1.1.
Information Sheet 1.1
TYPES AND USES OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND

TOOLS
This lesson will enable you to identify materials and tools applicable to a specific job
in carpentry.
Materials Uses
Lumber Construction/Carpentry
Nails Construction/Carpentry
Screw Construction/Carpentry
G.I wire Construction/Carpentry
Cement Construction/Carpentry
Sand Construction/Carpentry
Gravel Construction/Carpentry
Water Construction/Carpentry
Steel Reinforcement Construction/Carpentry
G. I Sheet Construction/Carpentry
Tools Uses
Saw Cutting lumber or board
Tri-Square Testing squareness
Level hose Testing level
Level bar Testing level
Hammer Driving nails
Chisel Cutting
Plane Smoothing
Drill bit Drilling/Boring holes
Oil stone Sharpening
CARPENTRY 7
How Much Have You Learned?
Self-Check 1.1
Directions: Write opposite the given materials and tools their corresponding uses. Do this
on your answer sheet.
Materials Uses
Lumber
Nails
Screw
G.I wire
Cement
Sand
Gravel
Water
Steel Reinforcement
G. I Sheet
Tools Uses
Saw
Square
Level hose
Level bar
Hammer
Chisel
Plane
Drill bit
Oil stone
CARPENTRY 8
DESCRIPTION OF MATERIALS AND TOOLS
In this lesson you will describe the materials and tools according to their description
per job requirement in carpentry.
Materials:
Lumber - sawn Timber

Nails - made of metal used for fastening woods
Cement - a powdered substance which when mixed with water acts as
binder of aggregate
Sand - fine gritty, substance found in the shore and desert
Plywood - thin cross laminated sheet of wood
Gravel - coarse aggregate
Tools:
Pull-push-rule - used for measuring long distances

Claw hammer - used for driving and pulling out nails
Cross-cut-saw tool used for cutting across the grain
-Ripsaw - used for cutting along the grain
Plumb-bob - used for vertical alignment
Try - used to test the squareness of a
stock
square
- fine toothed saw used to cut metals
Hack saw
and pipes
Level bar
- tool used in checking vertical and
horizontal position
CARPENTRY 9
TRY SQUARE
PULL PUSH RULE
PLUMB BOB
CROSS CUT SAW
BENCH VISE
HACK SAW
CARPENTRY 10
ELECTRIC DRILL
AUGER BIT S
SPIRIT LEVEL
CLAW HAMMER
CROW BAR
CARPENTRY 11
SCREW DRIVER
SLEDGE HAMMER
C-CLAMP
CEMENT
CARPENTRY 12
Self-Check 1.2
Directions: Supply what is defined or described. Write your answer on your answer sheet.
1. It is a thin cross laminated sheet of wood.

2. This is made of metal used for fastening.
3. It is a powdered substance mixed with water.
4. It is a fine, dry, gritty substance mixed with water.
5. It is a sawn timber.
6. It is used for measuring long distances.
7. It is used for driving and pulling out nails.
8. It is a tool used for cutting along the grain.
9. It is used for vertical alignment.
10. It is a tool used to test the squareness of a stock.
Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?
CARPENTRY 13
LEARNING OUTCOME 2
Request appropriate materials and tools
 Needed materials and tools are listed as per job requirement

 Materials and tools are requested according to the list prepared.
 Requests are done as per company’s standard procedures
operating
(SOP).
 Actual materials
 Requisition forms
 Ballpen
Pretest LO 2
Directions: Fill up the requisition form. Use another sheet for your answer.
Suggested Project: Bulletin Board DATE

Balance on Requisition Materials and Unit
Total
Hand Quantity Unit Description price
CARPENTRY 14
Teacher examines and inspects the output by using the following scoring guide.
Criteria Rating
1. Accuracy 40%
2. Observance of the sequence of steps 30%
3. Readability of Information 20%
4. Neatness of work 10%
100%
proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next activity/ties again to gain
knowledge and skills required for mastery.
REQUISITION PROCEDURE
The information that follows will teach you how to accomplish the form in order to
acquire materials.
Procedure:
1. State the name of the project and date when you requested for materials.
2. Fill in the classification of the project and its purpose.
3. Write the number of required materials.
4. List the unit of materials to be requisitioned.
5. Enumerate the materials with their description.
6. List the cost per unit and the total cost.
7. Write your name as requisitioner.
8. Secure the approval of authorities concerned.
CARPENTRY 15
SAMPLE OF A REQUISITION FORM
Balance on Requisition Materials and Unit Total
Hand Quantity Unit Description price
1 Piece ¾ Plywood P 700.00
1 Liter Stain Maple P110.00
1 Kilo Finishing nail 11/2 P 30.00
1 Foot Sand Paper P 50.00
1 Liter QDE Boysen P 150.00
(Green)
1 Liter Thinner (Lacquer) P 80.00
1 Piece Paint brush 2 P 20.00
P1040.00
REQUISITIONER SHOP TEACHER
SUPPLY OFFICER
FLOW CHART IN RECEIVING TOOLS, EQUIPMENT, SUPPLIES, AND

MATERIALS IN THE SHOP
CARPENTRY 16
CARPENTRY 17
Self-Check 2.1
Directions: Accomplish the requisition form. Use another sheet for this activity.
Balance on Requisition Materials and Unit

Total
Hand Quantity Unit Description
price
Fig.1. Receiving Procedure in Matrix Form
Teacher examines and inspects the output by using the following scoring guide.
Criteria for Rating

1. Accuracy 40%
2. Observance of the sequence of steps 30%
3. Readability of Information 20%
4. Neatness of work 10%
100%
CARPENTRY 18
REQUESTED MATERIALS AND TOOLS ACCORDING TO

THE PREPARED LIST
Bill of Materials
A bill of materials is a list of all things needed in a project together with their
description, sizes and amount or price. All information needed should be in the bill of
materials.
Parts of a Bill of Materials
1. Quantity tells the amount of materials to be purchased.
2. Unit gives the measure of materials to be purchased.
3. Description states the detailed name of materials.
4. Unit cost gives the price of each material.
5. Amount is the cost of all materials.
Suggested Project: Bulletin Board
Quantity Unit Materials and Unit price Total

Description
1 Piece ¾ Plywood P 700.00

1 Kilo Finishing nail 11/2 P 30.00
1 Foot Sand Paper P 50.00
1 Liter QDE Boysen P 150.00
(Green)
1 Liter Thinner (Lacquer) P 80.00
1 Piece Paint brush 2 P 20.00
P1040.00
CARPENTRY 19
Self-Check 2.1
Directions: Complete the following bill of materials with the missing information based on
the given project. Write your answer on a piece of paper.
Given Project: Bulletin Board
Quantity Unit Materials and Unit price Total

Description
1 ¾ Plywood
Finishing nail
P
11/2
Sand Paper P 50.00
QDE Boysen
P
(Green)
Thinner
Liter
(Lacquer)
1 Paint brush 2 P 20.00
CARPENTRY 20
LEARNING OUTCOME 3
Receive and inspect materials
 Materials and tools are substituted and provided unavailable without

sacrificing cost and quality of work.
 Materials and tools as per quantity and specification based on requisition
are received and inspected.
 Tools and materials are checked for damage and manufacturing defects.
 Materials and tools received are handled with appropriate safety devices.
 Materials and tools are set aside to appropriate location nearest to the
workplace.
remember and how much you learned by doing Self-check 3.1.
ACQUIRE AND INSPECT MATERIALS/TOOLS
It is important to inspect and check materials and tools for defects and damage
before receiving them so that you can ask for replacements for those that you found
defective.
1. Check if the materials and tools are complete in terms of quantity and specification
(number of pieces, length, width, etc.)
2. Check the physical condition of tools, (check tools against the specification, quantity,
and quality,) see to it that parts are complete, cutting edges or tooth free from
damages,
3. Check the accessories of each material and tool. See to it that nothing is missing.
4. If any of the materials or tools is found missing or defective, report it immediately to
the supply officer or teacher.
5. Get a replacement for the materials and tools found defective.
6. Sign the requisition form as you receive materials and tools.
CARPENTRY 21
7. Store the received materials and tools in a safe area or store room nearest your
workplace. (store materials, in proper order, bulky and heavier materials at the
bottom lighter and smaller items on top of the pile)
8. Always handle the materials and tools carefully. (avoid dropping the tools on the
floor, do not expose tools and materials on sunlight or rains).
Self-Check 3.1
Directions: Check the materials and tools that are being received in the checklist. Put X if
the materials and tools are not in good condition and check if in good condition.
Remarks
Tools and Materials
GOOD REJECT
1. 1 piece ¾ plywood
2. 1 liter satin maple
3. 1 kilo finishing #1½
4. 1 foot sand paper
5. 1 liter qde boysen (green)
6. 1 liter thinner (lacquer)
7. 1 piece paint brush
Prepared by:
Inspector
CARPENTRY 22
Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest and
relax a while then move on to the next lesson.
Good luck!
REFERENCES
LO1
 References Tools/Equipment, etc. - They should conform to the Contextual
learning Matrix (Refer to from the conditions of the Competency Based
Curriculum)
LO 2
Curriculum)
LO 3
Curriculum)
CARPENTRY 23
LESSON 2
Maintain Tools and Equipment
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
do the following:
LO 1. check condition of tools and equipment

LO 2. perform basic preventive maintenance; and
LO 3. store tools and equipment.
CARPENTRY 24
Definition of Terms
Finishing materials – chemical or substance applied in finishing carpentry

Hardware – metal supplies used in furniture
Inventory – the accounting of tools and materials
Label – refers to the indicated name of tools and equipment
Lubricants – oils or grease which is use to help the machine to run smoothly
Mensuration – the act or art of measuring
Perimeter – the bounding line or curve of a plain area
Power tools – handy machines operated by current/electricity
Scaler – marked for use in measurement
Segregate – set aside things from the others
Standard – serves as a measure of reference
Stock – refers to a lumber for a certain carpentry job
Store – to put tools and materials in their proper places
Substrate – wood to be cut in a cutting machine
CARPENTRY 25
LEARNING OUTCOME 1
Check Condition of Tools and Equipment
 Tools and equipment are identified according to classification/specification and

job requirements.
 Non-functional tools and equipment are segregated and labeled according to
classification.
 Safety of tools and equipment are observed in accordance with manufacturer’s
instructions.
 Conditions of PPE are checked in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.
 Lubricants
 Paint Brush
 Cloth
 Smooth Sand Paper
 Kerosene
CARPENTRY 26
Let us determine how much you already know about checking condition of tools
and equipment. Take this test.
Pretest LO 1
A. Classify the different types of tools and materials.

1. Claw hammer
2. Bar Clamp
3. Spoke Shave
4. Steel Square
5. Back Saw
6. Pull Push Rule
7. Compass
8. Triangular File
9. Varnish
10. Hinge
B. Identify the different tools and materials that are described in each item.
1. Tool used for smoothing curve surfaces.

3. Tool used for drawing arcs and circles.
4. Tool used for testing the squareness of large stocks.
6. Tool used to hold bits when boring.
7. Materials used to lubricate movable parts.
9. Tool used to cut stock along the grain.
10. Tool used for sharpening saws.
CARPENTRY 27
CHECK CONDITION OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
CLASSIFICATION OF HANDTOOLS
A. Measuring tools
1. Pull-Push Rule - flexible tape that slides into a material case and it is used to
measure irregular and regular shapes.
2. Ruler - 12-inch or one foot rule and it is used to take/make simple
measurements.
3. Meter Stick - used to measure a work piece.
4. Try Square - squaring, measuring and testing tool used to check adjacent
surfaces for squareness.
5. Caliper - used to transfer measurements from the rule to the work.
B. MARKING LINING TOOLS

1. Pencil - used to layout or mark cutting lines.
2. Marking Gauge - wood or metal tool consisting of a beam, head and a point
used to mark a line parallel to the grain of the wood.
3. Chalk Line - used to establish a straight line on a surface.
4. Divider - tool with two metal legs used to lay-out an arc circle or step
off division on a line.
5. Compass - used to scribe arcs and circle in a metal wood.
CARPENTRY 28
C. TESTING TOOLS
1. Try Square - tool used in squaring, measuring and testing the squareness
of a wood.
2. Steel Square - framing square used to mark out the work for squaring and
checking of angles and is used in the construction of roof
framing and large furniture.
3. Spirit Level - tool used for testing vertical and horizontal surfaces.
4. Plumb bob - tool used to test the vertical and horizontal surfaces.
D. EDGE CUTTING TOOLS

1. Chisel - tool used to trim and shape wood.
2. Plane - used to obtain a smooth and flat surface.
3. Spoke shave - small plane like tool from irregularly shaped objects.
4. Cabinet scraper - rectangular piece of steel with two cutting edges used for
working flat and curved shapes.
E. TOOTH-CUTTING TOOLS
1. Cross Cut Saw - handsaw used to cut the wood across the grain.
2. Rip-saw - hand saw used to cut the wood along the grain.
3. Back Saw - handsaw with a metal back and plywood and joinery.
4. Compass Saw - used to cut irregular shape either in large or small board.
5. Turning Saw - used to rip, cross and cut curves in lumber.
6. Coping Saw - u-shaped saw used for cutting irregular shape in small board.
7. Dovetail Saw - small back saw with a straight chisel type handle used to cut
very fine joints.
F. BORING TOOLS
1. Auger bit - tool used to make hole in woods.
2. Expansive bit - tool used to drill holes of various sizes in woods.
3. Drill Bit - tool used for boring holes either in metals, woods or plastics.
G. HOLDING TOOLS
1. C-Clamp - used for holding together pieces of lumber while working.
2. Bench Vise - used to hold any materials or tools in place.
CARPENTRY 29
3. Bar Clamp - used to hold large boards or frames together while
assembling or gluing.
H. MISCELLANEOUS TOOLS
1. Oil Stone - used for sharpening edge cutting tools such as chisel.
2. Files - used to smoothen metal and wood surfaces.
3. Paint Brush - used to apply paint or varnish on wood surfaces
4. Nail Set - used to drive the head of nails lower than surface of wood.
5. Saw Set - used to bend the upper half of each tooth to one side or the
other to form a set.
I. PORTABLE POWERTOOLS
1. Sander - portable power tool used for sanding furniture pieces.
2. Router - used for shaping surfaces and edges of furniture parts.
3. Jigsaw - power tool used primarily for cutting curved or irregular
shapes of wood surfaces.
4. Circular saw - power saw used for many types of cutting, particularly on
large panel stock.
5. Electric Drill - power drill which is used to drill holes in various materials
to
perform a multitude of tasks.
J. PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)

1. Goggles - used to protect the eyes against flying debris and harmful
liquids.
2. Ear Protector - used to protect the ears against high frequency noise.
3. Face Mask - used to prevent the inhalation of sprayed paint fumes.
4. Gloves - used to protect the hands while working.
5. Apron - used to protect the worker against flying debris.
K. DRIVING TOOLS
1. Claw Hammer - used to drive and pull out nails on wooden surfaces.
2. Mallet - made out of wood or rubber used to drive other tools like
chisel.
3. Nail Set - used in setting the head of a finishing nail below the
surface
of the wood.
4. Screw Driver
- used to drive and loose screws.
CARPENTRY 30
Self-Check 1.1
A. Classify the different types of tools.
1. Claw hammer
2. Bar Clamp
3. Spoke Shave
4. Steel Square
5. Back Saw
6. Pull Push Rule
7. Compass
8. Triangular File
9. Varnish
10. Hinge
B. Identify the different tools that are described in each item.
1. Tool used for smoothing curve surfaces.

2. Finishing materials used to seal the pores of wood.
3. Tool used for drawing arcs and circles.
4. Tool used for testing the squareness of large stocks.
5. Tool used to hold bits when boring.
6. Finishing material which makes wood shiny.
7. Tool used to cut stock along the grain.
8. Tool used for sharpening saws.
CARPENTRY 31
How Do You Apply What You Have
Show that you learned something by doing this activity.
Operation Sheet 1.1
Procedure in segregating and Labeling Non-functional Tools and Equipment
1. Conduct an inventory of tools and equipment.

2. Record the number of non-functional tools and equipment.
3. Segregate tools that are serviceable or unserviceable.
4. Report the number of tools and equipment that are non-functional but subject for
repair.
5. Label tools and equipment which are condemnable.
6. Return tools and equipment in the tool cabinet as per operating procedures.
Operation Sheet 1.2
Procedure in Checking Condition of Personal Protective Equipment
1. Inspect any damaged or defective Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

2. Test the functionality of each PPE.
3. Separate the non-functional and functional PPE.
4. Repair/replace the non-functional PPE.
5. Report the condition or status of PPE.
CARPENTRY 32
How Well Did You Perform?
Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and sincerely.
Remember it is your learning at stake!
Teacher’s Checklist
Procedure in segregating and Labeling Non-functional Tools and Equipment
Performed Not Performed
1. Conducted inventory of tools and

equipment
2. Recorded non-functional tools and

equipment
3. Segregated non-functional tools and

equipment
4. Reported non-functional tools and

equipment
5. Labeled condemnable tools and equipment
6. Returned tools and equipment in the

cabinet.
Scoring Rubric
Steps Performed
Weight
6- Very
Satisfact
ory
5-
Satisfact
ory
4- Needs Improvement
3-Failed
CARPENTRY 33
Procedure in Checking Condition of Personal Protective Equipment
Directions: Perform the following steps in checking the Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE).
Performed Not Performed
1. Inspected any damaged or defects of the

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
2. Tested the functionality of each Personal

Protective Equipment (PPE).
3. Separated the non-functional and functional

4. Repaired/replaced the non-functional

5. Reported the condition or status of

Scoring Rubric
Steps Performed
Weight
6- Very Satisfactory
5- Satisfactory
4- Needs Improvement
3-Failed
CARPENTRY 34
LEARNING OUTCOME 2
Perform basic preventive maintenance
 Lubricants are identified according to types of equipment.

 Tools and equipment are lubricated according to preventive maintenance
schedule or manufacturer’s specification.
 Measuring instruments are checked and calibrated in accordance with
manufacturer’s instructions.
 Tools are cleaned and lubricated according to standard procedures.
 Defective equipment and tools are inspected and replaced according to
manufacturer’s specification
 Workplace is cleaned and kept in safe state in line with OSHC
regulations
Read the Information Sheet 2.1 very well then find out how much you can
LUBRICATING TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
1. Read and analyze the use of preventive Maintenance Schedule form.

2. Determine the types of tools and machine needed to be lubricated.
3. Fill out a requisition slip form in releasing the lubricants needed.
4. Secure a borrower’s slip from your teacher.
5. Fill out the slip form correctly intended for the needed tools.
6. Perform the task according to the prescribed schedule and the assigned machine.
7. Perform lubricating procedure.
8. Determine the parts of the machine needed to be lubricated.
9. Apply thin coat of oil on the parts for a long period of time.
10. Open the bearing cover and apply grease.
11. Apply grease on sealed bearing with the use of a grease gun.
CARPENTRY 35
7lf.-Check 2.1
Se8.
Directions: Copy the table on a separate sheet of paper then check the appropriate box
whether you performed each indicator.
INDICATORS YES NO
1. Utilized the Preventive Maintenance Schedule.
2. Determined the types of tools and machine needed to be

lubricated.
3. Filled out the requisition slip form in releasing the

lubricants needed.
4. Secured the borrower’s slip from your teacher?
5. Filled out the slip form correctly intended for the needed
tools.
6. Performed the task according to the prescribed schedule

and the assigned machine.
7. Performed the lubricating procedures.
8. Determined the parts of the machine needed to be

lubricated.
9. Applied the thin coat of oil on the parts that are used for a
long period of time.
10. Applied the grease on sealed bearing with the use of a

grease gun.
CARPENTRY 36
9lf.-Check 2.2
Se10.
Indicators Yes No
1. Secured the inspection report from the teacher.
2. Determined defective instruments.
3. Inspected the defective tools.
4. Replaced the defective tools.
5. Used the Repair manual as guide in replacing

defects.
Self-Check 2.3
Indicators Yes No
1. Secured the inspection report from the teacher.
2. Determined defective instruments.
3. Inspected the defective tools inspected.
4. Replaced the defective tools.
5. Used the Repair manual as guide in replacing

defects.
CARPENTRY 37
How Do You Apply What You Have Learned?
Operation Sheet 2.1
Steps in Filling Out Inspection Report Form
Directions: Do the following procedure.
1. Secure an inspection report form from your teacher.

2. Determine the defective instrument based on the report form.
3. Replace inspected tool and equipment defects based on the
report form.
4. Use the Repair Manual in replacing the defective parts.

SCORING GUIDE
7-8 Very Satisfactory
5-6 Satisfactory
4-3 Fair
1-2 Failed
CARPENTRY 38
How Do You Extend Your Learning?
Assignment Sheet 2.1
Directions: Practice regular maintenance of tools and equipment in the shop and at home
using the required inspection report.
Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest

and relax a while then move on to the next
lesson. Good luck!
REFERENCES
LO1

Curriculum)
LO 2

Curriculum)
CARPENTRY 39
LESSON 3
Perform Mensuration and Calculation
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
do the following:
LO 1. select measuring
instruments; and
LO 2. carry out
measurement and
calculations.
CARPENTRY 40
Definition of Terms
Area – extent of part of a surface enclosed within a boundary

Calculation – the act or process of or result of calculating
Circumference – distance around the circle
Classification – group or category within an organized
system
Decimal – number expressed in a counting system that uses units of 10, especially a
decimal fraction
Dimension – measurable extent such as length, thickness and width

Fraction – number expressed as a quotient of two other numbers
Fraction – number expressed as a quotient of two other numbers
Geometric Shapes – characterized by straight line, regular curves
and angles
Graduation – scale of a measuring tool
Mensuration – act or art of measuring
Perimeter – bounding line or curve of a plain area
Standard – serves as a measure of reference
Stock – refers to a lumber for a certain furniture job
Substrate – wood to be cut in a cutting machine
Volume – space inside a solid figure
CARPENTRY 41
LEARNING OUTCOME 1
Select measuring instruments
 Measuring tools are selected/identified as per object to be measured or job

requirements.
 Correct specifications are obtained from relevant sources.
 Measuring instruments are selected according to job requirements.
 Alternative measuring tools are used without sacrificing cost and quality of
work.
 Measurements are obtained according to job requirements
 Actual Objects to be measured

 Actual Measuring Tools
Pretest LO 1
Let us determine how much you already know about selecting measuring
instruments. Take this test.
Directions: Identify the different measuring tools
CARPENTRY 42
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
CARPENTRY 43
TYPES OF MEASURING TOOLS
1. Pull-push rule – used for measuring

long pieces of stock.
2. Zig Zag Rule – a folded measuring

tool.
3. Ruler – used for measuring short

pieces of stock.
CARPENTRY 44
4. Caliper – used for measuring
diameter.
5. Try Square – used for checking

flatness and squareness.
6. Meter Stick – a measuring device

which is one (1) meter in length.
7. Divider – used for dividing distances.
8. Compass – used for scribing arcs

and circles.
CARPENTRY 45
9. Protractor – used for laying out
angles.
HANDLING OF MEASURING INSTRUMENTS / TOOLS
A. DO’S
1. Wipe measuring tools/instruments before returning them to the storage room.

2. Oil the movable parts of the measuring tools such as zigzag rules, calipers, dividers
and compasses to avoid stock-up.
3. Make sure that grits like sand do not get inside the housing or case of a pull-push
rule to avoid wearing off of the graduations.
4. Check the lock of a pull-push rule if it is working.
B. DON’T’S
5. Do not wipe off edges of the steel tape of pull-push rule with bare hands to avoid
injury.
6. Do not pull the steel tape of pull-push rule too much to avoid the coil spring from
damage.
7. Do not use the caliper as tongs.
LINEAR MEASUREMENTS FOR THE 6 FACES OF LUMBER
A lumber has 6 faces: 2 ends, 2 edges and 2 surfaces
CARPENTRY 46
Hence; the linear measurements obtained are:
1. End 1 to end 2 or A B = Length (L )
2. Edge 1 to Edge 2 or C D = Width ( W )
3. Surface 1 to surface 2 or E F = Thickness / Height ( T / H )
Self-Check 1.1
I. List down nine measuring tools on your quiz notebook.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
II. List down some DO’s and DON’T’s in handling measuring instrument/ tools
A. DO’S
1.
2.
3.
4.
B. DON’T’S
1.
2.
3.
CARPENTRY 47
III. Enumerate the 6 faces of a lumber and the 3 linear measurements obtained.
A. 6 Faces of A lumber
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
B. 3 Linear measurements obtain from the 6 faces of a
lumber 1.
2.
3.
CARPENTRY 48
LEARNING OUTCOME 2
Carry out measurement and calculations
 Accurate measurements are obtained according to job requirements.
 Work pieces are measured according to job requirements
 Actual Objects to be measured

 Measuring tools
 Record Book
 Pencil
Let us determine how much you already know about carrying out measurement
and calculations. Take this test.
Pretest LO 2
Directions: Enumerate the following
1-2 – What are the 2 systems of measurements?
3-5 - Give at least 3 units of linear measurements in the English system.
6-9 – Give at least 3 units of linear measurements in the Metric
System.
CARPENTRY 49
SYSTEM OF MEASUREMENTS
The two (2) systems of measurements are: the English and the Metric System. The
English system originated in England also known as the U.S. customary system of
measurement while the Metric System was developed in France and also known as the S. I.
(International Standard).
I. (UNIT OF MEASURES) - LINEAR MEASUREMENT
ENGLISH METRIC
Yard ( yd ) meter
Foot ( ft ) / („ ) decimeter 1/10

meter
Inch (in. ) / (“ ) centimeter 1/

100 meter millimeter 1 /1000 meter
II. READING OF MEASUREMENTS
A. Reading the inch
The inch is divided into segments called graduations. Each graduation represents a
measurement in form of a proper fraction. The inch can be divided into 16, 8, 4 and 2, equal
parts.
Note: The illustration is not the actual lengh of an inch.
CARPENTRY 50
B. Reading the centimeter and milimeter
III. CONVERTING FRACTION TO DECIMAL
In converting fractions to decimals, divide the numerator by its denominator whether

it is proper, improper or mixed fraction.
Sample Solutions:
A. Proper fraction 2/5 = 0.4
B. Improper fraction 11/3 = 3.66
C. Mixed fraction 2 ½ = 2.5
CARPENTRY 51
IV. CONVERTING UNITS OF MEASURE
GUIDE TABLE IN UNIT CONVERSION
English to English 1foot = 12 inches
Metric to Metric 1 meter = 10 decimeter

1 dm = 10 centimeter
English to Metric 1 inch = 2.54 cm

1 inch = 25.4 mm
1 foot = 30.48 cm
Metric to English 1 meter = 3.28 feet

1 meter = 39.37 inches
Sample Solutions in Conversion
A. Foot to inches
3 ft = inches
Solution: Multiply 3ft by 12 inches / ft = 36 inches
B. Inch to feet
48 inches = Feet
Solution: Divide 48 inches by 12 inches / feet = 4feet
C. Centimeter to millimeter
22 cm = millimeters
Solution: Multiply 22 cm by 10 mm / cm = 220mm
D. Inch to centimeter
6 inches = centimeter
Solution: Multiply 6 inches by 2.54 cm / inch = 15.24 cm
CARPENTRY 52
V. TAKING DIMENSIONS
Ways of taking dimension
1 Measure end to end of

stock with a tool
2 Measure edge to edge with

a tool
3 Measure outside diameter

of a cylindrical object using
a caliper
CARPENTRY 53
4 Measure inside diameter
with a caliper
5 Lay-out width
CALCULATING BOARDFOOT OF LUMBER
Although the International System (SI) or Metric System had already superseded the
English System of measure, the board foot as a unit of measure for determining the volume
of lumber is still being used by the furniture & cabinet maker and construction industry. This
is because lumbers are sold in terms of board foot.
A board foot is actually one square foot of lumber of one inch thick
CARPENTRY 54
The formula used in computing board foot is:
Board foot (Bd. Ft.) = T x W x L
12
Where:
T = Thickness in inches
W= Width in inches
L = Length in feet
Note: This formula is being used for

sawed wood of commercial
dimension.
Example: Compute the board foot of lumber whose dimension is 2” x 4 “x 12”
Steps 1. Identify the given data
Given. T = 2”
W = 4”
L = 12‟
Step 2. Determine what is being asked
Find the Bd. Ft. = ?
Step 3. State the formula
Formula: Bd. Ft. = T x W x L
12
Step 4. Substitute the given data in the formula, then solve.
Solution:
Bd. Ft. = T x W x L
12
= 2” x 4” x 12 “
12
= 96/12
= 8 Bd. Ft.
CARPENTRY 55
Self-Check 2.1
I. Enumerate the following.

1-2 – What are the two 2 systems of measurements
3-5 - Give at least 3 units of linear measurements in the English system
6-9 – Give at least 3 units of linear measurements in the Metric
System
II. Read the following measurements.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. cm
7. mm
8. mm
9. mm
10. cm
III. Convert the following fractions to decimals.

1. 1/4
2. 3/4
3. 5/8
4. 7/8
5. 9/16
6. 11/5
7. 13/4
8. 9/5
9. 6 3/5
10. 3 2/3
CARPENTRY 56
IV. Convert the following measurement to their unit equivalents
.
1. 4 meters = cm.
2. 4 meters = ft.
3. 8 feet = inches
4. 20 inches = cm
5. 236.22 inches = meters
V. Identify the different ways of taking dimensions.
CARPENTRY 57
Operation Sheet 2.1
Directions: Compute the number of board feet of lumber with the following dimensions.
1. 2” x 6” x 12‟
2. 3” x 4” x 10‟
3. 2” x 2” x 16‟
4. 2” x 12” x 8”
5. 4” x 4” x 18”

Proceed to the next lesson f your score in the test is 35 and above.
How Do You Extend Your Learning?
Assignment Sheet 1.1
 Practice accurate measuring practices in every carpentry works.
 Apply consciousness and proper computations in every carpentry requirement.
CARPENTRY 58
lesson. Good luck!
REFERENCES
LO1
 Barba, Joshua A., Carpentry, ConvergeLink Books Corp., Philippines, 2006.
 Better Homes and Gardens FCM, Meredith Books Desmoines, Iowa, 2003
LO 2
 John L. Feirer, Cabinet Making and Millwork, Second Edition
 B. Fred W. Zimmerman and Larry J. Mc Ward, Exploring Woodworking,
Fundamentals of Technology
 Tomas M. Quilang, Handicrafts Handbook, 1975
 Reader’s Digest Book of Skills and Tools
 Gilbert Hutching, Eugene Martin and Mario Coleman, Working with Wood,
1982,
 John L. Feirer, Wood Technology and Processes,
 Gregorio T. Amano, Fundamental Woodworking, 1976,
CARPENTRY 59
LESSON 4
Interpret Drawings and Plans
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
do the following:
LO 1. analyze signs,
symbols and data;
LO 2. interpret technical drawings and plans; and
LO 3. apply freehand sketching.
CARPENTRY 60
Definition of Terms
Axis – line about which a body turns or rotates
Design – drawing showing the plan, elevations, sections, and other features.
Detail drawing – separate drawing showing a small part of a machine or structure
Dimension – definite measure shown on a drawing in detail
Isometric Drawing – drawing which resembles a respective drawing
Orthographic Projection – arrangement in a drawing of the three principal views of an

object
Perspective Drawing – the representation of an object on a plan surface, pertaining to

materials, styles and finish presented as to have the same appearances as when seen from
a particular viewpoint
Projections – the cutting out of any part or any member of a structure
Reduced – made smaller than the actual size as in the size of object
Scaled Drawing – drawing plan made according to a scale, smaller than the actual work
Sketch – freehand drawing of an object
Specification – written instruction to the worker containing all the information
CARPENTRY 61
LEARNING OUTCOME 1
Analyze signs, symbols and data
 Sign, symbols, and data are identified according to job specifications.

 Sign, symbols, and data are determined according to classification or as
appropriate in drawing.
Materials
1. Drawing Paper 3. Plans
2. Pencil 4. Drawing Instruments
Pretest LO 1
Let us determine how much you already know about analyzing signs, symbols
and data. Take this test.
Directions: Match Column A with Column B.
Column A Column B
1. Very light line used to “block in” an object. These lines are a. Long break line
made so light that little or no erasing is needed. They serve
as base for darkening in the permanent line
2. Heavy, solid line used to frame in the drawing b. Dimension line
3. A medium line used to show edges and contours visible to c. Centerline
the eye
4. A medium line used to show edges and contours not d. Invisible line
visible
to the eye e. Visible line
5. A light line used as axis of symmetry f. Borderline
6. Light thin lines used to show the sizes of the object.
Extension lights start about 1/16” from visible or object line.
The dimension line is broken near the center for the
dimension. g. Construction
7. Wavy line draws freehand for the same purpose as long line
break.
Now check your answer using the Answer Key. If you got 90 - 100 % of the items
correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next activity/ties again to
gain knowledge and skills required for mastery.
CARPENTRY 62
Read Information Sheet 1.1 very well then find out how much you can remember
and how much you learned by doing the Self-check 1.1.
DRAWING SIGNS AND SYMBOLS
Alphabet of Lines
In sketching orthographic drawing, certain conventional lines are used for a definite
purpose. These lines are commonly called Alphabet of Lines.
CARPENTRY 63
USES OF ALPHABET OF LINES
Construction line Very light line used to “block in” an object. These lines are
made so light that little or no erasing is needed. They serve as
base for darkening in the permanent line
Borderline Heavy, solid line used to frame in the drawing
Visible line A medium line used to show edges and contours not visible to
the eye.
Invisible line A medium line used to show edges and contours not visible to
the eye.
Centerline A light line used as axis of symmetry. Used for center of circle
and arcs. Sometimes the symbol is shown
Dimension line Light thin lines used to show the sizes of the object. Extension
lights start about 1/16” from visible or object line. The
dimension line is broken near the center for the dimension.
Long break line Heavy line draws freehand for same purpose as long break.
CARPENTRY 64
Self-Check 1.1
Directions: Enumerate the different kinds of lines.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Operation Sheet 1.1
Directions: Identify the kinds of line used in any drawing in carpentry.
CARPENTRY 65
LEARNING OUTCOME 2
Interpret technical drawings and plans
 Necessary tools, materials and equipment are identified according to the plan.
 Components, assemblies or object are recognized as per job requirement.
 Dimensions and specification are identified according to job requirements.
Materials
 Drawing Paper
 Pencil
 Plans
 Drawing Instruments
Pretest LO 2
Directions: Identify the different tools and materials in carpentry.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Now check your answer using the Answer Key. If you got 90 - 100 % of the items
correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next activity/ties again to
gain knowledge and skills required for mastery.
CARPENTRY 66
and how much you learned by doing Self-check 2.1.
CENTER TABLE COMPONENTS
Legs – 4 pcs. 45 mm x 45mm x500 mm wood

(tanguile) Rails – (short) 2 pieces 25 mmx70 mm x
600 mm
Rails – (long) 2 pieces 25 mm x 70mm x 800
mm Top – 1pcs 25mmx600 x 800mm plywood/
plyboard
Assemblies Joints
 Mortise and tendon joint – for the rails and legs (see details on the attached
working drawing)
Dimensions and specification (See dimensions and specifications on the attached working
drawing)
1. Legs must be tapered.

2. All joints must be filled with glue.
3. All wood used must be tanguile.
4. All dimensions must be in millimeters.
IDENTIFYING TOOLS, MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
CARPENTRY 67
Self-Check 2.1
Directions: Answer the following questions about constructing a center table.
A. What are the different components of the center table based on the working drawing?
1.
2.
3.
4.
B. What are the specified joints used in joining the legs and rails of the center table?
1.
2.
C. List down different specifications on the construction of the center

table. 1.
2.
3.
4.
CARPENTRY 68
LEARNING OUTCOME 3
Apply freehand sketching
 Correct freehand sketching is produced in accordance with

the job requirements.
Let us determine how much you already know about applying freehand sketching.
Take this test.
Pretest LO 3
Directions: Do the Orthographic Drawing of the Given Isometric Figure.
CARPENTRY 69
STEPS IN SKETCHING AN ISOMETRIC BOX
1. Draw a vertical axis.
2. Draw left and right axis.
3. Determine the width and length of the box and then draw a vertical line
CARPENTRY 70
4. Draw a left and right axis to the determined height of the box.
5. Project a line parallel to the left and right axis
6. Label the box to determine the top, front and the right side view
CARPENTRY 71
STEPS IN SKETCHING ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWING
1. Study the object to be drawn (See isometric drawing on operation sheet (3-1)
2. Draw the top view, front view and the right side view
3. Draw a simple drawing using block as model. Try to study the given view.
SKETCHING ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWING
CARPENTRY 72
STEPS IN SKETCHING ISOMETRIC DRAWING OF A GIVEN ORTHOGRAPHIC FIGURE
1. Study the object to be drawn (see orthographic drawing).
2. Draw the isometric drawing.
3. Lay out the front view.
4. Sketch the top view and side view.
5. Finalize the object to complete the drawing.
CARPENTRY 73
Self-Check 1.1
I. Sketch an isometric box.
II. Do the Orthographic Drawing of the given Isometric Figure.
III. Draw the Isometric of the given 3 main views.
CARPENTRY 74
Operation Sheet 1.1
Directions: Draw the center table using the following measurements:

 1 m. long
 500mm wide
 600mm high

lesson. Good luck!
REFERENCES
LO1
 Barba, Joshua A., Plumbing, CoverLink Books Corp., Philippines, 2006.
 Better Homes and Gardens Plumbing, Meridith Books Desmoines, lowa,
2003.
LO 2
 German Manaois, Drafting 1 and 2 Phoenix Publishing 1983.
 Norman Stirling Introduction to technical Drawing 1977.
LO 3
 Giesecke, Mitchelle and Spencer: Technical Drawing, The Macmilan Edition,
1949.
 French and Vierck Engineering Drawing: Mac Graw, Hillbook Company, 10th
edition 1960.
CARPENTRY 75
LESSON 5
Practice Occupational Health and Safety

Procedures
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
do the following:
LO 1. identify hazards and risks;

LO2. evaluate hazards and risks;
LO3. control hazards and risks; and
LO4. maintain occupational health
and safety awareness.
CARPENTRY 76
Definition of Terms
Accident – is an event occurring unintentionally or by chance
Control – means to direct or determine
First Aid – as it implies includes all forms of remedies given immediately to humans in order
to minimize or prevent casualties or fatalities caused by accidents or normal course of time
Hazard – involves unforeseen incident that is physically unfavorable to humans or animals
Occupation – is an activity in which one is engaged in
Safety – state of being out of danger, uninjured, not involving risk
Sanitize – to maintain high standard of housekeeping
Self-Discipline – refers to doing things spontaneously without being told or ordered
Signs – generally refer to objects made by flat sheet metal or wood suspended by a stand or
nailed on the post or wall which are located strategically
Sort – to take out unnecessary items and dispose the same
Sweep – means to clean the workshop
Symbols – are generally common illustrations printed on the signs which sometimes carry a
descriptive word or few words
Systematize – means to arrange necessary items in good order for use
Toxic – deadly, harmful and poisonous
Acronyms
OHSP – Occupational Health and Safety Procedures
PPE – Personal Protective Equipment
CARPENTRY 77
LEARNING OUTCOME 1
Identify hazards and risks
 Safety regulations and workplace safety and hazard control practices and
procedures are clarified and explained based on organization procedures
 Hazards/risks in the workplace and their corresponding indicators are
identified to minimize or eliminate risk to co-workers, workplace and
environment in accordance with organization procedures
 Contingency measures during workplace accidents, fire and other
emergencies are recognized and established in accordance with organization
procedures
1. Mask
2. Gloves
3. Goggles
4. Hair Net/cap/bonnet
5. Face mask/shield
6. Ear muffs
7. Apron/Gown/coverall/jumpsuit
8. Anti-static suits
CARPENTRY 78
Let us determine how much you already know about identifying hazards and
risks. Take this test.
Pretest LO 1
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet.
1. It is the condition where high standard of good housekeeping is maintained so that

there is no dust and rust anywhere.
A. sort C. sweep
B. systematize D. sanitize
2. Which is practiced when your colleagues decide with you which things to put where
taking into account the flow of your work?
A. sort C. sweep
B. systematize D. sanitize
3. It ensures the safety of the construction workers.

A. signs, signal & barricades C. exit signs
B. danger signs D. safety instructions signs
4. Which shall be used when an immediate hazard exists?

A. signs, signal & barricades C. exit signs
B. danger signs D. safety instructions signs
5. Which shall be used as temporary means of warning an existing hazard such as

defected tools, equipment, etc?
A. danger Signs C. traffic signs
B. accidental Prevention Tags D. directional signs
CARPENTRY 79
HAZARDS AND RISKS IDENTIFICATION AND CONTROL
Requirements in Conducting/Identifying Hazards
 Survey the workplace to identify hazards

 This survey must be in writing and must be available to all workers
 Determine whether any hazard requires Personal Protective Equipment
 Pay special attention to working conditions or process that can produce hazards.
 Reassess hazards whenever necessary, especially when new equipment is installed
to avoid accidents.
 Any reassessment must be written and must be available to workers upon request.
WORKING CONDITIONS THAT CAN PRODUCE HAZARDS
1. Falling objects
2. Objects that can puncture skin
3. Objects that could roll over worker’s feet
4. Toxic chemicals
5. Heat
6. Harmful Dust
7. Radiation
Signs, Signals and Barricades

 Signs, signals and barricades are important, if not critical, to the safety of the
construction workers.
Accident Prevention Signs and Tags
1. General. Signs and symbols required shall be visible at all times when work is being
performed, and shall be removed or covered promptly when the hazard does not
exist anymore.
2. Danger Signs. Danger signs shall be used only where an immediate hazard exists.
CARPENTRY 80
Danger signs should be read as the predominating color for the upper panel; outline
on the borders; and a white lower panel for additional sign wording.
3. Caution Signs. Caution signs shall be used only to warn against or caution against
practices.
Caution sign shall have yellow as the predominating color; black upper panel
and borders; yellow lettering of “caution” on the black panel; and the lower yellow
panel for the additional sign wording. Black lettering shall be used for additional
wording.
Standard color of the background shall be yellow; and the panel, black with
yellow letters. Any letter used against the yellow background shall be black. The
colors shall be those of opaque glossy samples.
CARPENTRY 81
4. Exit Signs. Exit signs, when required, shall be lettered in legible red letters, not less
than 6 inches high, on a white field and the principal stroke of the letters shall be at
least three-fourths in width.
5. Safety Instructions Signs. Safety instruction signs, when used, shall be with green
upper panel with white letters to convey the principal message. Any additional
wording on the sign shall be black letters on the white background.
6. Directional Signs. Directional signs, other than automotive traffic signs specified in
the paragraph below, shall be white with a black panel and white directional symbol.
Any wording on the sign shall be black letters on the white background.
CARPENTRY 82
7. Traffic Signs. Construction areas shall be posted with legible traffic signs at point
hazard. All traffic control signs or devices used for protection of construction workers
shall conform to Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards.
8. Accidental Prevention Tags. Accident prevention tags shall be used as temporary

means of warning of an existing hazard such as defected tools, equipments, etc.
They shall not be used in place of, or as a substitute for, accident prevention signs.
Specifications for accident prevention tags similar as shown below shall apply.
CARPENTRY 83
Self-Check 1.1
A. Write the letter of your choice on your answer sheet.
1. Your employer must conduct a hazard assessment in order to

.
A. avoid accident
B. promote accident
C. eliminate workers
D. None of the above
2. OSH means .
A. Occupational Service Healthy
B. Occupational Safe and Healthy
C. Occupational Safety and Health
3. Identifying hazards makes you .

A. safe from working
B. comfortable while working
C. work efficient
D. all of the above
4. Who should first know about the accident that happened in your shop?
A. principal
B. nurse
C. teacher
D. doctor
5. Accidents can be prevented .

A. through proper care and maintenance of tools and equipment
B. right attitude toward work
C. if you have a good knowledge about safety practices
B. Draw the following signs correctly.

1. Stop
2. Danger
3. Poisonous
4. Slippery when wet
5. Up
CARPENTRY 84
LEARNING OUTCOME 2
Control hazards and risks
 OHS procedures for controlling hazards and risk are strictly followed.
 Procedures in dealing with workplace accidents, fire and emergencies
are followed in accordance with the organization’s OHS policies.
 Personal protective equipment (PPE) is correctly used in accordance
with organization’s OHS procedures and practices.
 Procedures in providing appropriate assistance in the event of
workplace emergencies are identified in line with the established
organizational protocol.
Materials
 OHS Manuals
 Personal Protective Equipment
 Chart/pictures

Let us determine how much you already know about evaluating hazards and risks.
Take this test.
SSPretest LO 2
Directions: Identify the following Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
1.
CARPENTRY 85
2.
3.
5.
6.
CARPENTRY 86
One way of controlling hazards and risks in the workplace is to use the
proper protective equipment applicable to the work condition.
Read the Information Sheet very well then find out how much you can
remember and how much you learned by doing the Self-check.
Signs and their location:
1. Danger Signs – are used only where immediate hazards exist. They are printed in
red as the predominating color.
2. Caution Signs – are used to warn against potential hazards.

3. Exit Signs – are printed in legible red letters for exits.
4. Safety Instructions Signs
5. Accidental Prevention Tags – are used as temporary means of warning to existing

hazards, such as defection, tools and equipment.
6. Barricades – are used for protection of employees.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Here are the types of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) use for safety
purposes:
A. Face protection
Goggles and face protection must be used

when at risk from flying
chemicals, acids or caustic liquids liquid
particles,
chemical gases. There are various goggles andfor
face protection with certain design criteria for
safety.
CARPENTRY 87
B. Foot Protection
Safety shoes with impact protection are used

in work areas where heavy objects or tools
could be accidentally dropped on the feet.
Safety shoes with puncture protection are
required when working around nails, wire tacks,
scrap metals and other objects that could fierce
the feet.
C. Hand Protection
Gloves are required to protect your hands

from cuts, scrapes, punctures, burns,
chemical absorption, and exhaust
temperatures. It is crucial that the type of
glove being used is the right one for the job.
D. Hearing Protection
Appropriate ear muffs or ear plugs must be

made available as a last resort if it is not
possible to make the workplace less noisy.
The requirement is a small part of the
occupational noise exposure standard which
requires employers to ensure that workers
are exposed to less than 90 decibels of noise
over an 8 hour period.
E. Respirators
Appropriate respirators must be worn as a last resort

if it is not possible
CARPENTRY 88
Self-Check 2.1
A. Define and describe the following:
a. Danger Signs -
b. Caution Signs -
c. Exit Signs -
d. Accidental Prevention Tags -
B. Give an example for each and give its use and importance.
e. Barricades -
1. Respirators
2. Foot Protection
3. Hand Protection
4. Hearing Protection
5. Face Protection
CARPENTRY 89
Let us determine how much you already know about control hazards and risks.
Take this test.
Pretest LO 2
SS
Directions:
Write the letter
of the correct
answer on
your Answer
Sheet.
1. C
o
n
d
u
c
t
i
n
g
h
a
z
a
r
d
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
t
o
a
CARPENTRY 90
w
o
r
k
p
Topic 1: Occupation Health and Safety (OHS) Procedures for controlling hazards
and risks.
1. Conduct a hazard assessment like

 Survey workplace to identify hazards (put them in writing)
 Determine whether any hazard required Personal Protective Equipment.
 Pay attention to working conditions that can produce hazards
 Reassess hazards whenever necessary, especially when new equipment is
installed
2. Select appropriate equipment. Ensure that all Personal Protective Equipment

used is the right kind of equipment for the job, and is maintained properly
3. Have knowledge on the following:

 Which PPE is necessary
 How to identify if it fits properly
 How to put on, remove, adjust and wear Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
 How to dispose of Personal Protective Equipment(PPE)
 The limitation of using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Topic 2: Procedure in dealing with workplace, accidents, fire and

Emergencies.
A. Dealing with Accidents

1. Keep calm, don’t panic and study the situation.
2. Report immediately to your teacher
3. Apply first aid to the victim while waiting for a nurse or a physician
4. Bring the patient to the nearest clinic or hospital
B. Dealing with Fire

1. Do not panic, stay calm.
2. Call the attention of everybody.
3. Use your firefighting equipment to control extinguish the fire.
4. Call the office or the fire station
C. Dealing with Emergencies

1. Stay calm and study the situation.
2. Call the attention of your teacher.
CARPENTRY 91
Self-Check 2.2
Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer on your Answer Sheet.
1. Conducting hazard assessment to a workplace should be done

.
A. during working hours
B. after working hours
C. before working hours
D. all of the above
2. Observing good housekeeping .

A. prevents fire
B. makes for easy location of tool and materials needed
C. both a and b
D. none of the above
3. In dealing with accidents , the first thing to do is to

.
A. stay calm and study the situation
B. apply first aid
C. call the attention of your teacher
D. all of the above
4. Accidents can be prevented .

A. thru proper cares and maintenance of tools and equipment
B. right attitude towards works
C. if you have enough knowledge about safety practices
D. all of the above
5. When an injury occurs, how soon should it be treated?

A. after class hours
B. immediately
C. both a and b
D. later
CARPENTRY 92
Activity Sheet 2.1
I. For the created team
Select a team that will perform this activity with you.

 Re-arrange the shop layout according to the pointers on work
simplification designed to minimize occupational hazards, thus
promotes workers health and safety.
 Prepare a plan which shall be executed for a maximum of ten minutes.
 The team performance shall be evaluated by the audience using
deliberative judging.
II. For the audience-judges
Students who were not selected as team members shall play the role of
audience-judges.
 While the team deliberates on the shop layout to be executed, the
audience-judges conduct a buzz session headed by a leader who
shall act as the supreme judge in order to craft a rubric for the team
performance.
 After the team has performed, the audience-judges shall present
individually their comments/remarks backed up with appropriate
justifications.
 On the other hand, the team members shall not make any comment or
remark; instead, they shall listen or give an answer whenever asked.
 The final rating of the team shall be announced by the supreme judge
who shall act as mediator or set a ruling, whenever possible.
III. Each group shall initiate a 10 minute-panel discussion on Occupational Health

and Safety. The following are the general guidelines for the groups in holding the
panel discussion:
 The group may invite experienced persons who shall sit as panel
guests. The group members shall serve as panelists, therefore, they
are responsible for shooting particular questions or topics for
discussion.
 Identified group members may play the role of experienced guests

who are responsible for shading lights on the issues or concerns on
hand; Others shall play as panelists and responsible for running a
quality show.
CARPENTRY 93

Panel Discussion Rubric

(Adapted from: http://www-tc.pbs.org/pov/pov2001/promises/lessonplan.pdf
)
Student
+ Consistently  Usually - Seldom
Knowledge:
The student (group) used research to advance arguments and defend

positions.
Research was effectively applied to arguments.
Understanding:
The student (group) demonstrates understanding of the issue.

The student (group) presented key points.
The student (group) presented original ideas.
The student (group) was able to use examples or analogies to defend an
argument.
The student (group) demonstrated empathy for the cause he or she
represented.
The student (group) showed respect for others’ opinions.
Communication:
The student (group) was logical in presenting arguments.

The student (group) was able to communicate effectively and clearly.
The student (group) incorporated key terminology/vocabulary.
Participation:
The student contributed to the discussion.

The student tended to dominate a discussion, thereby hindering
others’ participation.
For group evaluation:
CARPENTRY
All students participated in the discussion. 94
K to 12 – Technology
Students andthe
within Livelihood Education
group tended to dominate discussion within the group,
hindering other group members’ participation?
LEARNING OUTCOME 3
Maintain occupational health and safety awareness
 Procedures in emergency related drill are strictly followed in line with the
established organization guidelines and procedures
 OHS personal records are filled up in accordance with workplace
equipment
 PPEs are maintained in line with organization guidelines and
procedures
Materials
 Personal protective equipment

 OHS personal records
Let us determine how much you already know about maintain occupational health
and safety awareness. Take this test.
Pretest LO 3
Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct.
1. Who introduced the 5Ss principle?

A. English C. Japanese
B. Filipinos D. Japan
2. Which of the following are the 5Ss?

A. Seiri, Seiton,Sweep, Seiketsu Shitzu
B. Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Sanitize, Shitzu
C. Sort, Seiton, Sweep, Seiketsu, Shitzu
D. Seiri, Systematize, Seiso, Seiketsu, Shitsu
CARPENTRY 95
3. It refers to the cleaning of workshop.
A. Seiton C. Seiso
B. Seiri D. Seiketsu
4. It is the condition where high standard of good housekeeping is maintained so that

there is no dust and rust anywhere. .
A. Sort C. Sweep
B. Systematize D. Sanitize
5. Which is practiced when your colleagues decide with you which things to put where
taking into account the flow of your work?
A. Sort C. Sweep
B. Systematize D. Sanitize
6. Its advantage is to promote camaraderie among workers in the company.

A. Shitsuke C. The 5Ss
B. Seiton D. All of the above
7. It ensures the safety of the construction workers.

A. Signs, Signal & Barricades C. Exit Signs
B. Danger Signs D. Safety Instructions Signs
8. Which shall be used when an immediate hazard exists?

A. Signs, Signal & Barricades C. Exit Signs
B. Danger Signs D. Safety Instructions Signs
9. Which shall be used as temporary means of warning an existing hazard such as

defected tools, equipment, etc?
A. Danger Signs C. Traffic Signs
B. Accidental Prevention Tags D. Directional Signs
10. Which is a major factor for the prevention of shop accidents?

A. Signs, symbols, barricades C. Attitude
B. The 5Ss Principle D. All of the above
CARPENTRY 96
Read the Information Sheet 3.1 very well then find out how much you can
Which is an Ideal Working Station?
Fig.1. Working Station 1 Fig. 2 Working Station 2
What is 5S?
The 5Ss are Japanese words that start with letter S. But in the Philippines, some
thought of 5 English words that all begin with letter S which is equivalent to these Japanese
words; it is therefore necessary to remember the Japanese’ 5Ss. What is important aside
from retaining this into our minds is to make it part of our daily habit.
CARPENTRY 97
Below are the 5Ss and their English equivalent:
Japanese English Brief Explanation
SEIRI SORT Take out unnecessary items and dispose
SEITON SYSTEMATIZE Arrange necessary items in good order for use
SEISO SWEEP Clean your workshop
SEIKETSU SANITIZE Maintain high standard of housekeeping
SHITSU SELF- Do things spontaneously without being told or

DISCIPLINE ordered
5Ss is not simply a list of action items. It is an integrated concept of action, condition
and culture. The nature and implication of each S needs to be understood as follows:
1. SEIRI (SORT) is an Action to identify and eliminate all unnecessary items

from your workplace.
2. SEITON(SYSTEMATIZE) is an ACTION to put every necessary items in good
order.
3. SEISO (SWEEP) is an ACTION to clean your workplace thoroughly.
4. SIEKETSU (SANITIZE) is a CONDITION where high standard of good
housekeeping is maintained so that there is no dust and rust anywhere.
5. SHITSUKE (SELF-DISCIPLINE) is a CONDITION where all members
practice accordingly. It is a CULTURE.
How to practice 5Ss?
6. SEIRI (SORT) means “take out unnecessary items and dispose’
Step 1 – Look around your workplace. Discover and identify items which are
unnecessary to your work. Then, dispose all unnecessary items.
“NEVER KEEP ANYTHING WHICH IS UNNECESSARY TO YOUR WORK.”
Step 2 – If you cannot decide whether an item is necessary or not, put

“DISPOSAL NOTICE” with the data on the item and set item aside.
Step 3 – After a period, say two months, check if someone has the item or not. If
no one needed the item, that means the item is not needed for your work.
Note: Disposal can be done in either of the following ways:

1. Sell it to outside of the workplace.
2. Move to other department/section where the item is needed.
3. Throw it away, dispose as garbage.
4. In disposing the belongings, it is better to make people know who has the
authority for disposal.
5. It is also better to make people know where to return excessive stock of
materials and supplies.
6. While looking around for unnecessary items in your workplace, look at
every nook like when you are looking for cockroaches. It will be a bonus to
you if you find some useful items.
CARPENTRY 98
2. SEITON (SYSTEMATIZE) means “Arrange necessary items in good order to use”
Step 1.Make sure that all unnecessary items are eliminated from your workplace.
Step 2.Decide with your workmates which things to put when taking into account
the flow of your work. The principle is to put most frequently needed items close
to the user so as to minimize the movement of the person. Things which are not
so often used could not be placed slightly further away.
Step 3. It is necessary to make sure that everyone at your workplace knows what
is kept for efficient use. Make a list of things with location and put it in a locker or
cabinet. Label each drawer/cabinet to show what is kept inside.
Note:
The object of SEITON (SYSTEMATIZED) is to make your workplace a safe and
efficient place to work in.
3. SEISO (SWEEP) means “Clean your workplace”. There is a very strong

correlation between quality of products and cleanliness of the workplace where
products are manufactured. Accordingly, SEISO (SWEEP) should be practiced
every day, and sometimes, even during the day.
The following are suggested for your SEISO (SWEEP) operation:

 Do not wait until things get dirty. Clean your workplace, including
machines, equipment, tools and furniture regularly so that they do not
have chance to get dirty.
 Put things inside for 3 minutes every day.
 You and your workmates should be responsible for the dirty works around
you. The janitors or sweepers will look after the common areas only.
 Never throw anything and make it your habit.
 Cleaning is also checking.
4. SEIKETSU (SANITIZE) means” Maintain high standard of housekeeping”. So as

not to waste your effort, do not stop after implementing initial 3Ss.
The following are suggested for your SEIKETSU(SANITIZE) operation:

 Create a maintenance system for housekeeping. Make a schedule of
cleaning for your workplace.
 Interdepartmental competition is a very effective means of sustaining and
enhancing people’s interest on 5Ss.
Note:
1. Indicate the names of the persons responsible for the work area and for
the machine.
2. Regular inspection and evaluation on the level of 4Ss by each work are
necessary.
3. Do not criticize poor cases, but also praise and commend good practices
or good performances.
CARPENTRY 99
5. SHITSUKE (SELF-DISCIPLINE) means “Do things spontaneously without being
told or ordered.” It is to make every one practice 4Ss spontaneously and willingly
as habit or way of life. There is no other way to foster such culture than
practicing 4Ss regularly until such time when everyone becomes fond of 5Ss.
To help such corporate culture conducive to 5Ss, the following need to be

emphasized:
 Treat your workplace as your own home.
 You are spending most of your “WAKING TIME” at your workplace than
at home.
 Your workplace is an important place where to make income for yourself
and your family.
 Make your workplace as clean and comfortable as your home.
Note:
In enhancing SHITSUKE (SELF-DISCIPLINE) of workers in a workplace, the
rules of management are very important. People with managerial duties
should be worthy of respect and emulation.
What can an individual gain from the 5Ss?
6. The 5Ss makes your workplace more pleasant. In practicing 5Ss, you have to
start from discussing and agreeing what to put for efficient use by everyone.
With your workmates, you have to clean the workplace. Such human relation
and working environment will make you and your workplace pleasant.
7. The 5Ss makes your work more efficient. If you have to look for something and
take so much time finding it, you are not only wasting your time but also wasting
your energy and moral.
On the other hand, if everything at your workplace is arranged in proper

order and readily available for use; your work flow will always be very smooth. It
improves not only your efficiency but also improves the rhythm of your work and
the more you will enjoy it. If you have a work, better to enjoy it.
3. The 5Ss improves your safety. A clear and tidy working environment where
everything is properly placed, where clear instructions are readily available, and
where no one throws anything is safer place to work in.
Practicing 5Ss improves your own safety. You can enjoy your work more with
less risk.
4. The 5Ss improves quality of your work and your products. People affect
environment. On the other hand, the environment also affects people. If you are
accustomed to work in a clear and tidy environment, you can develop your
sensitivity so that you can feel and identify any defect in work. On the contrary,
messy and untidy environment will adversely affect your sensitivity.
Therefore, good environment will improve the quality of your work. It is quite
natural that quality products come only from clean and well-organized
workplace.
CARPENTRY 100
5. The 5Ss makes a quality life of people. The process of 5Ss requires people to
think, consult and agree with others and cooperate with each other.
At the same time, practicing the 5Ss gives people satisfaction of being
creative, friendly with others and seeing chances better.
In summary:
 5Ss improves CREATIVITY of people
 5Ss improves COMMUNICATION
 5Ss improves HUMAN RELATION among people
 5Ss enhances COMRADERSHIP among people
 5Ss gives VITALITY to people
Vitality of the people is the locomotion to move the company forward.
A Healthy Shop Is a Safe Shop
The shop should be pleasant place where you will enjoy your work. Large manufacturing
companies have learned that the shop accidents are greatly reduced when the shop itself is well-
lighted and well-ventilated. The introduction of ventilating and blower systems, which free the air of dust
and particles of dirt, have gone a long way toward reducing accidents. Good lighting, both natural and
artificial, likewise safeguards the worker. The healthy shop is a safe shop. After all, the protection of
health is the first rule of “Safety First in the Shop”.
Safe Procedures
6. Control measures should be regularly reviewed through:

• workplace communication and consultation;
• safety and health committee meetings;
• regular equipment and work safety checks;
• incident, accident and near-miss records;
• injury and lost time records; and
• repair and maintenance reports
7. Workers should be continuously trained specifically on information and

instruction on:
• workplace safety and health;
• hazards and risks associated with work activities;
• safe work practices and procedures, safe handling (including lifting and
moving), safe operation of equipment and the control measures in place;
• safe use of plant and associated equipment, electrical safety, safety in
confined spaces and other training required under hazard-specific
regulations;
• safe use of hazardous substances relevant to the work to be performed;
• correct use, fit and care of PPE , tools and equipment and why the
equipment is needed
 emergency and first aid procedures;
 sun protection to prevent skin cancer;
 fire protection;
 information on dust, fumes and air quality; and
 recognition of poorly ventilated areas and confined spaces.
CARPENTRY 101
Self-Check 3.1
Maintain Occupational Health and safety awareness
Directions: This part checks whether you have learned the required competencies for this
particular module. Simply encircle the best answer from the choices given.
1. It is simply the application of workable principles that increases the awareness and
ability of the workers to be more productive and efficient without sacrificing their
safety and the product quality.
A. Occupational Health & Safety C. Work Procedure
B. Risk Management D. Work Simplification
2. Which primarily uses least resources in the workplace?

A. Occupational Health & Safety C. Work Procedure
B. Risk Management D. Work Simplification
3. What government agency is responsible primarily for setting and enforcing

mandatory occupational health and safety standards through appropriate orders?
A. Department of Public Works and Highways
B. Civil Service Commission
C. Department of Labor and Employment
D. Department of Budget and Management
4. Which is NOT a PPE?

A. helmets C. gloves
B. goggles D. shorts
5. Which is a common hazard?

A. obstructions C. hazardous dusts
B. damaged saw blades D. all of the above
6. Which is a risk?
A. Out-of-control cutting machine C. power cords
B. Vibration D. beard, loose hair, loose clothing
7. Which is a step on risk management?

A. Identification of Safety Procedures C. Training the Workers
B. Hazard Identification D. All of the Above
8. Which is a control measure on accident prevention?

A. Workplace communication and consultation
B. Safety and health committee meetings
C. Regular equipment and work safety checks
D. All of the Above
CARPENTRY 102
9. Which is the emphasis of continuous training of the workers as hazard/risk
management measure?
A. Workplace safety and health.
B. Emergency and first aid procedures
C. Hazards and risks associated with work activities
D. All of the above
10. Who are covered by the Occupational Health and Safety Regulations?
A. Employers C. Self-Employed
B. Workers D. All of the above
Activity Sheet 3.1
I. Give what is being asked. Write your answer on your answer sheet.
A. Explain briefly the following 5Ss:
1. SEIRI
2. SEITON
3. SEISO
4. SEIKETSU
5. SHITSU
B. Cite 4 advantages of the 5Ss for the people if observed strictly?

1.
2.
3.
4.
C. Enumerate 5 reasons why schools such as yours should practice the 5Ss
religiously?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
CARPENTRY 103
Activity Sheet 3.2
II. List down all possible shop norms that you can think of based on the 5Ss which will
comprise your Personal Checklist of Shop Norms. Finalize your Personal
Checklist of Shop Norms on a ¼ size illustration board which you will accomplish
weekly by simply putting check marks (/) on shop norms that you perform
consistently the whole week. Remember, the check marks are representative of your
practices for the week. This checklist shall be used for the whole year. So, put your
extra effort to keep it clean and in perfect condition.
Activity Sheet 3.3
III. Group yourselves into five (5) members. Each group shall role play for 10 to 15
minutes for a certain activity that is observed in the road. Be sure to use safety signs
and symbols as the group props. Presentation shall be assessed according to the
given rubrics.
Activity Sheet 3.4
IV. Group yourselves according to the class grouping to perform a buzz session for 20
minutes. The focus of this activity is to come up with common shop rules to prevent
or minimize shop accidents due to wrong work practices. The more rules the group
can craft, the better would it be for the group. Be sure that the rules determined have
been written clearly on a whole sheet of butcher’s paper (Manila paper). Finally, let
your leader present the output to the class for discussion in order to come up with
one set of rules for the entire class.
Activity Sheet 3.5
V. This activity is a group work. Perform a pantomime for 7-10 minutes. Be sure that the
scenario shall create favorable impact on the audience zeroing in the key points on
industrial hazards and accidents. Performances shall be evaluated using the given
rubric.
CARPENTRY 104

III. ROLE PLAY
CARPENTRY 105
IV. BUZZ SESSION
CARPENTRY 106
V. PANTOMINE

lesson. Good luck!
CARPENTRY 107
REFERENCES
LO1
 Morgan , Robert E , The Complete Handbook of Plumbing, TAB
Books Inc., Phils. , 1962
 Oravetz , Jules Revised by Re Miller, Audel Questions and Answers

for Plumbers‟ Examination, 3rd Edition Mac Millan Publishing Co.,
New York.
LO 2
 Oravetz , Jules Revised by Re Miller, Audel Questions and
Answers for Plumbers‟ Examination, 3rd Edition Mac Millan
Publishing Co., New York.
 www.google.com
LO 3
 Oravetz , Jules Revised by Re Miller, Audel Questions and Answers
for Plumbers‟ Examination, 3rd Edition Mac Millan Publishing Co.,
New York.
www.google.com
LO 4
 www.co.kern.ca.
us/cao/policy/12.
pdf
(Accidents)
 http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images;_ylt=A0PDoS.Q40VP2ho
AbxyJzbkF?p=cooperation&fr=yfp-t-701&ei=utf-
8&n=30&x=wrt&y=Search
 TESDA Handouts
Pardinas, J. (2012). Handout on Signs and Symbols.
http://museumca.org/goldrush/curriculum/we_accuse/tgrouprubric.
html
CARPENTRY 108
ANSWER KEY
Lesson 1
LO1. (Self-Check 1-1)
USES
1. Con
struc
tion/
Carp
entr
y
2. Con
struc
tion/
Carp
entr
y
3. Con
struc
tion/
Carp
entr
y
4. Con
struc
tion/
Carp
entr
LO 1. Self-Checky 1.2 LO 2. Self-Check 2-2
1. Plywood
5. Con 1. Description
2. Nails struc 2. Piece
3. Cementtion/ 3. P700.00
4. Sand Carp 4. kilo
5. Lumber 5.P30.00
entr
6. Pull-push rule 6. 1
y
7. Claw hammer 7. Foot
6. Con
8. Rip saw 8. 1
struc
9. Plumb-bob 9.P150.00
tion/
10. Try-square 10. 1
11. Liter Carp
12. Piece 13.entr
P20.00 y
14. 7. Con
P1040.00 struc
tion/
LO 2. Self-Check 2-1 LO 3 Self-Check 3-1
1. 1 Pc ¾ Plywood Carp
P 70.00 1. /
entr (Maple) P110.00
2. 1 Liter Wood Stain 2. /
y Nails P 75.00
3. 1 Kl. 1 ½ Finishing 3. X
8. Con
4. 2 pcs. 180 Sandpaper P 30.00 4. /
struc P 30.00
5. 2 pcs. 200 Sandpaper 5. /
tion/Paint QDE
6. 1 Liter Blackboard 6. X
Carp P 120.00
Boysen Green 7. /
7. 2 Bottles Paint entr
Thinner P 50.00
8. 2 pcs. Paint Brush
y P 50.00
CARPENTRY 9. Con 109
struc
tion/
Carp
entr
y
PRE-TEST 1.1
1. B.
2. A.
3. CLAW HAMMER, CROSS-CUT SAW, SCREW DRIVER...
4. LUMBER, PLYWOOD, STEEL BARS...
5. NAILS, SCREW...
LESSSON 2
Pretest LO 1
A.
1. Driving tool
2. Holding tool
3. Edge Cutting Tool
4. Testing Tool
5. Tooth Cutting Tool
6. Measuring Tool
7. Lining Tool
8. Miscellaneous
9. Finishing material
10. Hardware
B.
6. Spoke Shave
7. Sanding Sealer
8. Compass
9. Steel Square
10.Filler
11.Auger Brace
12.Lubricant
13.Varnish
14.Rip Saw
15. Triangular File
PRE-TEST LO 2
A.
16.Driving tool
17.Holding tool
18.Edge Cutting Tool
19.Testing Tool
20.Tooth Cutting Tool
21.Measuring Tool
22.Lining Tool
23.Miscellaneous
24.Finishing material
25. Hardware
CARPENTRY 110
B.
1. Spoke Shave
2. Sanding Sealer
3. Compass
4. Steel Square
5. Filler
6. Brace
7. Lubricant
8. Varnish
9. Rip Saw
10. Triangular File
LESSON 3
LO1. Pre-Test Self-check 1.1
1. Pull Push Rule 1. Pull Push Rule
2. Zigzag rule 2. Zigzag Rule
3. Ruler 3. Ruler
4. Clamp 4. Caliper
5. Try Square 5. Try Square
6. Meter Stick
7. Divider
8. Compass
9. Protractor
A. DO’S
5. Measuring tools / instruments must be wiped before returning them to the storage
room.
6. Oil the movable parts of the measuring tools such as zigzag rules, calipers,
dividers and compasses to avoid stock-up.
7. Make sure that grits like sand will not get inside the housing or case of a pull-
push rule to avoid wearing off of the graduations.
8. Check the lock of a pull-push rule if it is working
B. DON’T’S
9. Do not wipe off edges of the steel tape of pull-push rule with bare hands to avoid
injury.
10. Do not pull the steel tape of pull-push rule too much to avoid the coil spring from
damage.
11. Do not use the caliper as tongs.
6 Faces of a Lumber
1. 2 ends
2. 2 edges
3. 2 surfaces
3 measurements obtained from 6 faces of lumber
12. Length
13. Width
14. Thickness/Height
CARPENTRY 111
LO.2
Self-Check 2.1
I. 1-2. English and Metric System
3-5. Yard, Foot, Inch
6-9. Meter, Decimeter,
1. 3/8 inches
II. Centimeter, Millimeter
2. 13/16 inches
3. 1 ¼ inches
4. 1 ½ inches
5. 1 11/16 inches
6. 2 cm
7. 15 mm
8. 28 mm
9. 36 mm
10. 4cm
III. 1. 0.25
2. 0.75
3. 0.625
4. 0.875
5. 0.5625
6. 2.2
7. 3.25
8. 1.8
9. 6.6
10. 3.67
IV. 1. 400cm
2. 13.12ft.
3. 96 inches
4. 50.8 cm
5. 6 meters
V. 1.
Measure end to
end of stock with
a tool
2. Measure
edge to
edge with a
tool
3. Measure
outside
diameter of
a cylindrical
object using
a caliper
4. Measure
inside
diameter
with a
caliper
5. Lay-out
width
CARPENTRY 112
K toSelf-Check 2.2 and Livelihood Education
12 – Technology
1. 12 bdft.
2. 10 bdft. 3.
5.33 bdft.
4. 24 bdft.
5. 16 bdft.
LESSON 4
LO1. Pre-Test
1. Dimension line
2. Leader line
3. Reference line
4. Limiting line
5. Projection line
6. Center line
7. Hidden/visible line
8. Boarder line
9. Visible line
10. Cutting plane line
LO2
A. COMPONENTS
Legs - 4pcs.45mm x45mmx500mm wood (tanguile)
Short rails - 2pcs. 25mm x70mm x600mm (tanguile) Long
rails - 2pcs. X25mm x70mm x800mm (tanguile)
Top board - 1pc. 25 mmx600mm x800mm (plyboard /
Plywood)
B. ASSEMBLIES JOINTS
Mortise and tenon joint- The joint used in joining the rails and legs of thecenter table
C. Dimensions and specifications

1. All dimensions must be in millimeters.
2. Wood to be used must be tanguile.
3. All joints must be filled with glue.
4. Legs must be tapered
Materials:
4pcs - 45mm X 45mm X 500mm
2pcs - 25mm X 70mm X 600mm -Tanguile 2pcs -
25mm X 70mm X 800mm
1pcs - 25mm X mm X 800mm – Plyboard /
Plywood
40pcs 1 ½ finishing mails
wood glue
wood filler
sand paper
Tools and Equipment

10. Pencil
11. Pull
push
rule/
zigzag
rule
12. Marking
gauge
13. Try
CARPENTRY Square 113
14. Carpente
r Square
15. Cross
Cut
saw /
18. Wooden Mallet
10. Mortise Chisel

11. Nail Set
12. Working Bench
13. Hand Screw Clamp
14. Bar Clamp
15. Bench Vise
16. Pattern or Jig
17. Portable planer (Optional)
LO3
I. II.
PRE-TEST
Lesson 5
PRE-TEST
LO 1 LO 2
1.D 1.gloves
2.A 2.goggles
CARPENTRY 114
3.D 3.safety cap
4.A 4.ear muffs
5.A 5.safety shoes
LO 3 LO 4
1.D 1.C
2.C
3.D 6.D
4.D 2.B
5.B
7.A
3.C
8.C
4.B
9.A
5.D
10. D
SELF-CHECK
1. Danger Signs - are used only where immediate hazards exist. They are
LO 1 LOpredominating
printed in red as the 3 color. LO 4
1.A 3. Caution Signs - are 1.Dused to warn against potential
1.A hazards. 6.D
2.C 4. Exit Signs - are printed
2.C in legible red letters for2.D
exits. 7.D
3.D 5. Accidental Prevention
3.D Tags - are used as temporary
3.C means of
8.D
warning to existing hazards, such as defection, tools and equipment.
4.C 4.D 4.D 9.A
5.C 5.B 5.D 10.B
LO 2
CARPENTRY 115
Acknowledgemen
t
This Learning Module was developed for the Exploratory Courses in Technology and
Livelihood Education, Grades 7 and 8 of the K to 12 Curriculum with the assistance of the following
persons:
This Learning Module on CARPENTRY was developed by the following personnel:

MODULE WRITERS
FELY L. MANUEL, Ph. D. ORLANDO E. MANUEL, Ph. D.

Head Teacher III Officer-In-Charge Officer-In-Charge, Assistant Schools Division
Cabarroguis National School of Arts and Superintendent
Trades Division of Quirino, Region 02
Division of Quirino, Region 02
REVIEWERS
GIL P. CASUGA REYNALDO S. DANTES

Chief TESD Specialist Senior TESD Specialist
BERNADETTE S. AUDIJE MARIA A. ROQUE

Senior TESD Specialist Senior TESD Specialist
AIDA T. GALURA VICTORIO N. MEDRANO

VSA II, ACNTS Principal IV, SPRCNHS
PARALUMAN R. GIRON, Ed.D. BRENDA B. CORPUZ, Ph.D.

Chair, Sub-TWG on K to 10 TA for K to 12 Curriculum
OFELIA O. FLOJO RODERICK AGUIRRE. Ph.D.

Retired Assistant Chief, EED, Region IV-A
BEATRIZ A. ADRIANO DOMINGA CAROLINA F. CHAVEZ

Principal IV, ERVHS Principal II, MBHS
DOCUMENTORS / SECRETARIAT
PRISCILLA E. ONG FREDERICK G. DEL ROSARIO
K to 12 Secretariat Head Teacher III, BNAHS
EMMANUEL V. DIONISIO LYMWEL P. LOPEZ

Head Teacher III, AFGBMTS Teacher I, AFGBMTS
DANTE D. VERMON JR. CHERLYN F. DE LUNA

Teacher I, AFGBMTS Teacher I, AFGBMTS
LOUIE B. ANGELES JOANNA LISA C. CARPIO

Teacher I, BNAHS Teacher I, , BNAHS
Dir. IMELDA B. TAGANAS

Executive Director, Qualifications Standards Office
K to 12 Learning Area Team Convenor, TLE/TVE
CARPENTRY 116
CARPENTRY 117

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Republic of the Philippines

K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum

What Is This Module About ?....................................................................................2

How Do You Use This Module ...............................................................................3

LESSON 1 – Prepare Construction Materials and Tools ......................... 4-22

LESSON 2 – Maintain Tools and Equipment ......................................... 23-

LESSON 4 – Interpret Drawings and Plans ............................................... 59-75

LESSON 5 – Practice Occupational Health and Safety ........................ 76-

108 Answer Keys.....................................................................................................109-

Welcome to the world of Carpentry!

This Module is an exploratory course which leads you to Carpentry National

1). prepare Construction Materials and

These 5 common competencies are covered separately in 5 Lessons. As shown

Lesson 1 – Prepare Construction Materials and Tools

Lesson 2 – Maintain Tools and Equipment

Lesson 3 – Perform Mensurations and

Lesson 4 – Interpret Drawings and Plans

Lesson 5 – Practice Occupational Health

How Do You Use This Module?

To get the most from this Module, do the following.

If you have questions, ask your teacher for assistance.

Prepare Construction Materials and

LO 1. identify materials and tools applicable to a specific

Bill – a statement of payment due to goods and services

Damage – a destruction, injury, or harm to a person or thing

Job – a piece of work of a definite extent or character for a set of fee

Material – a stuff upon which a thing is made

Quantity – a number, amount in size

Requisition – act of requiring something to be furnished; a written request for

Work – something made or accomplished

Identify materials and tools applicable to a specific

 Tools and materials are identified as per job requirements.

What Do You Already Know?

1. Object used as parts or components of projects.

2. Implements manipulated by the hand to facilitate carpentry works.

3. List 3 familiar carpentry tools in your house.

What Do You Need To Know?

Information Sheet 1.1

TYPES AND USES OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND

Information Sheet 1.2

DESCRIPTION OF MATERIALS AND TOOLS

Lumber - sawn Timber

Pull-push-rule - used for measuring long distances

PULL PUSH RULE

CROSS CUT SAW

1. It is a thin cross laminated sheet of wood.

Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?

Request appropriate materials and tools

 Needed materials and tools are listed as per job requirement

What Do You Already Know?

Suggested Project: Bulletin Board DATE

What Do You Need To Know?

Information Sheet 2.1

REQUISITIONER SHOP TEACHER

FLOW CHART IN RECEIVING TOOLS, EQUIPMENT, SUPPLIES, AND

Suggested Project: Bulletin Board DATE

Balance on Requisition Materials and Unit

Fig.1. Receiving Procedure in Matrix Form