Biology Handbook

NEETBiology360.
IN
BIOLOGY
DIVERSITY OF THE LIVING WORLD
Q.No
Question Answer
Increase in mass and increase in number of individuals
1 Growth
are twin characteristics of which character of living
organisms?
Growth, reproduction, ability to sense environment are the
2 True
features of living organisms. (True/False)
3 Who was the Darwin of 20th century? E. Mayr
The biggest spin off of taxonomic studies was the A-Horizontally,
4
recognition of sharing of similarities among living B- Vertically
organisms both ‗A‘ and ‗B‘.
Early man could easily perceive the difference between
5 True
inanimate matter and living organisms. (True/False)
In majority of higher animals and plants, growth and
6 True
reproduction are mutually exclusive events. (True/False)
What is the common method for multiplication among
7 Fragmentation
the fungi, filamentous algae and protonema of mosses?
There are many
8 Reproduction cannot be taken as defining organisms those cannot
characteristics of living organisms. Why? reproduce.
For unicellular organisms like bacteria, unicellular algae A-Reproduction,
9
and Amoeba, ‗A‘ is synonymous with ‗B‘. B- Growth
10 Growth cannot be taken as defining characteristic of living Because non-living
organisms. Why? objects also grow by
accumulation of
materials on surface.
Properties of tissues are not present in the constituent cells
11 True
but arise as a result of interactions among the constituent
cells. (True/False)
The sum total of all chemical reactions occurring in a
12 Metabolism
living body is called?
What is the most obvious and technically complicated Consciousness
13
feature of all living organisms?
The patient is brain-dead and has no self-consciousness. Living
14 Such patients are never come back to normal life. They are
considered living or non- living.
15 ‗A‘ affects reproduction in seasonal breeders, both plants A-Photoperiod
and animals.
In Binomial nomenclature, each name has two components A-Generic name,
16 the ‗A‘ and the ‗B‘. B- Specific epithet
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International Code of
17 What is the full form of ICBN? Botanical
Nomenclature
18 How many species are known and described till now? 1.7-1.8 million
The number and types of organisms present on earth; this Biodiversity
19
refers to as?
For plants, scientific names are based on agreed ICBN
20
principles and criteria, which are provided by?
Both the words in a biological name, when The Latin origin
21
handwritten, are separately underlined, or printed in
italics to indicate .
22 Biological names are generally in ‗A‘ language and written A-Latin, B-Italics
in ‗B‘.
All living organisms can be classified into different taxa on the Classification
23
basis of characteristics, this process is called?
According to binomial system, how the first letter of first word Capital and small
24
and first letter of second word in name of an organism are
written respectively?
A variety of Dog
25 What is Alsatians? species or breed.
Systematic
26 The word systematics is derived from the Latin word arrangement of
‗Systema‘ which means? organisms
Taxonomic categories / taxonomic groups are distinct True
27
biological entities and not merely morphological
aggregates. (True/False)
Identification
28 What are basics of taxonomy? Nomenclature
Classification
The earliest classifications were based on the of Uses of economic

29 various organisms. importance
Genus comprises a group of related species which has more True
30
characters in common in comparison to species of other
genera. (True/False)
31 Felidae and Felis represent which taxonomic categories Family, Genus
respectively?
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Write the scientific names of: A- Homo sapiens

(A) Human B- Solanum
32 tuberosum
(B) Potato
(C) Leopard C- Panthera Pardus
33 Solanum, Petunia and Datura are the genera, bolong to which Solanaceae
family?
A group of individual organisms with fundamental Species
34
morphological similarities is called?
Order and other higher taxonomic categories are identified True
35
based on the aggregation of characters. (True/False)
Fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds along with mammals Phylum (Chordata)
36
constitute the next higher category called?
As we go higher from species to kingdom then what will They will decrease
37
happen to the number of common characteristics?
The following sequence shows taxonomic categories in A- Family B-
38 ascending order: Kingdom  Phylum  B  Order  A  Class
Genus  Species. What are A and B in this sequence.
Find the odd one from followings: Solanum
39
Chordata, Carnivora, Solanum, Mammalia
Higher the category, greater is the difficulty of determining Because common
40 the relationship to other taxa at the same level. Why? characters are less
Match the column (I & II)
Column I Column II (A) iii
(A) Man (i) Mangifera indica
(B) iv
(B) Housefly (ii) Triticum aestivum
(C) i
41 (C) Mango (iii) Homo sapiens
(D) Wheat (iv) Musca domestica (D) ii
42 Find out the odd one: Sapindales, Anacardiaceae, Poales Anacardiaceae
Identify A & B: A-Poaceae

43 Triticum aestivum  Triticum  A  Poales  B  B-Monocotyledonae
Angiospermae is a store house of collected plant Herbarium
44
specimens that are dried, pressed and preserved on
sheets.
Herbarium serves as quick referral system in taxonomic True
45
studies. (True/False)
Indian Botanical Garden (IBG) and National Botanical Garden IBG-Howrah
46 (NBG) are situated at? NBG-Lucknow
Identification of
47 What is the main purpose of botanical garden? plants
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48 Which taxanomical aid uses living plant forms for studies? Botanical Garden
Name the taxonomical aid which is used for study and Biological Museum
49
reference of both plant and animal specimens.
Name the taxonomical aid where wild animals are kept in Zoological parks
50
protected environments under human care.
Learn about food
51 What is the main aim of zoological parks? habits & behavior of
wild animals
52 In keys, a pair of contrasting characters is called? Couplet

Couplet represents the choice made between two opposite True
53
options This results in acceptance of only one and rejection of
the other. (True/False)
54 Each statement of couplet in the key is called . Lead
Information on any
55 What does monograph contain? one taxon
Which contains the actual account of habitat and distribution Flora
56
of plants of a given area?
Taxonomical aid which is useful in providing information Manuals
57
for identification of names of species found in an area.
A-Manuals
58 Taxonomists prepare and disseminate information through ‗A‘ B-Monographs
and ‗B‘.
The taxonomic studies of various species of plants and
59 animals are useful in agriculture, forestry, industry and in True
general for knowing our bio-resources and their diversity.
(True/False)
60 Who gave two kingdom system ? Carolus Linnaeus
Two kingdom system did not distinguish between the
eukaryotes and prokaryotes, unicellular and multicellular True
61
organisms and photosynthetic (Autotrophs) and non-
photosynthetic (Heterotrophs) organisms. These are
demerits of two kingdom system.(True/False)
A-Trees, B-
62 Aristotle used simple morphological characters to classify Shrubs, C-
plants into A, B and C. Herbs
Though ‗A‘ and ‗B‘ kingdoms have been a constant under all A-Plants B-
different systems, the understanding of what group organisms Animals
63 be included under these kingdoms have been changing the C-Number D-
‗C‘ and ‗D‘ of other kingdom have also been understood Nature
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differently by different scientists over time.
Char Five
acte Kingdo
rs m
Monera Protist A Plantae Anim
a alia
Cell Prokary Eukary Eukar Eukary Euka
type otic otic yotic otic ryotic
Noncell Pre
ular Presen sen Pre Abse
(Polysa t in t sent nt
ccharid some (wit (cell
e+ hou ulos
amino t e)
acid) cell
ulos
e)
Nuc
lear Absent Prese Prese Present B
me nt nt
mbr
an e
Body Multi Tissu
orga Cellular C cellul Tissue / e/
nizati ar/ organ organ
on loos /
e organ
tissu syste
e m
Autotr
ophic Autotr Heter Heter
(chemo ophic otrop Autotro otrop
D synthe (Photo hic phic hic
tic and synthe (Sapr (Photos (Holo
photos tic and ophyt ynthe zoic /
yntheti Heter ic/ tic) Sapro
c and otroph Para phytic
Hetero ic sitic) etc)
trophic
(sapro
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phyte /
parasit
e)
Observe the above table and answer the following questions

(64 to 68)
A-Fungi,
B-Present, C-
64 Identify the A, B, C and D Cellular,
D-Mode of Nutrition
Three; Monera,
65 How many kingdoms include producers and name these Protista, Plantae
kingdoms?
In which kingdom unicellular, eukaryotic autotrophic Protista
66
organisms are placed?
67 In how many kingdom cellulosic cell walled organisms are Two-Protista, Plantae
present?
Cell wall, mode of
68 From above table, how many characters are uncommon nutrition, body
between fungi and plantae? organization
Four
69 On the basis of shape, how many groups of bacteria are Coccus, Bacillus,
formed and what are their names? Vibrium, Spirillum
Because
improvement in our
70 The criteria for classification are changing over time. Why? understanding of
characters
All ‗A‘ organisms are grouped under kingdom monera and A- Prokaryotic B-
71 unicellular eukaryotes are placed in kingdom ‗B‘. Protista
Chlamydomonas and Amoeba are classified in kingdom
protista according to Whittaker's classification system but True
72
by earlier classification system both these organisms are
classified in different kingdoms. (True/False)
The bacterial structure is very ‗A‘, they are very complex in A-Simple,
73 ‘B‘. B-Behaviour
74 The vast majority of bacteria are heterotrophs. (True/False) True
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Read the following statements:

(A) Found in the gut of ruminants
(B) Complex cell wall structure Methanogens
75
(C) Survive in marshy habitats
Above statements are related to :- which are Archaebacteria
Compared to many other organisms, which group show the Bacteria

76
most
extensive metabolic diversity?
Which organism are the smallest living cells known and can Mycoplasma
77
survive
without oxygen?
Cholera, Typhoid, Tetanus, Citrus canker are well known Bacteria
78
diseases
caused by:
In which kingdom, Chrysohytes, Dinoflagellates, Euglenoids, Protista
79
Slime
moulds and Protozoans are included?
80 Chrysophytes which are the chief producers in the ocean? Diatoms
What protest possesses two flagella one lies longitudinal Dinoflagellates
81
and other transversely?
Read the following points regarding protist:
(A) Saprophytic Nature
82 (B) Spores with true wall Slime moulds
(C) Wall less vegetative phase
Above organism should be:
Euglenoids have a protein rich layer called which makes Pellicle
83
their
body flexible.
84 are primitive relative of animals. Protozoans
85 Which organism are used to make bread and beer? Yeast

Some hyphae are continuous tubes filled with Coenocytic hyphae
86
multinucleated
cytoplasm, these are called:
Chitin and
87 The cell walls of fungi are composed of Polysaccharides
Warm & Humid
88 Fungi prefer to grow: places
1-Plasmogamy 2-
89 Write the name of three steps of sexual reproduction in Karyogamy 3-
fungi: Meiosis
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90 By which basis kingdom Fungi is divided into various Morphology of

classes? mycelium Mode of
spore formation and
fruiting bodies
91 Members of which fungal class are found in aquatic habitats Phycomycetes

and on
decaying wood in moist and damp places or as obligate
parasites.
92 Which fungus is used extensively in bio-chemical & genetic Neurospora
works?
93 A-exogenously
The basidiospores are ‗A‘ produced on the ‗B‘.
B-Basidium
94 Mushroom, Bracket fungi & smut fungi belong to which fungal Basidiomycetes
class?
Most of the members of fungal class are decomposers of litter Deuteromycetes
95
and help in mineral cycling.
Life cycle of plants has two distinct phases - the diploid ‗A‘ and A-Sporophyte, B-
96 the ‗B‘ gametophyte. Haploid
97 All of us who have suffered the ill effects of common cold or Viruses
‗flu‘, It is
caused by
98 Which kingdom is characterized by heterotrophic, eukaryotic Kingdom-Animalia
organisms that are multicellular and their cells lack cell wall?
Bladderwort and venus fly trap are example of ‗A‘ plant and A-Insectivorous B-
99 Cuscuta is a ‗B‘ plant. Parasitic
M.W. Beijerinck
100 Who called contagium vivum fluidum and what does it stand Infectious living fluid
for?
Read the following symptoms:
 Mosaic formation
 Leaf rolling and curling Viruses
111  Yellowing and vein clearing
 Dwarfing
Above symptoms are due to infection of
112 Who said that viruses are smaller than bacteria ? D.J. Ivanowsky
In lichens, the algal component is known as ‗A‘ and the A-Phycobiont B-

113 fungal component as ‗B‘. Mycobiont
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Identify the infectious agent on the basis of given

information:
114  Discoverer T.O. Diener Viroids
 Smaller than viruses
 Low molecular weight RNA
 Absence of protein coat
115 The causative agent of potato spindle tuber disease is Only RNA
composed of
Identity the group of organisms, on the basis of given
information:
116 Lichen
 Show symbiotic association
 Very good pollution indicator
 Pioneer to barren rocks
A-Algae B-
In lichens, ‗A‘ prepare food for ‗B‘ and fungi provide shelter and
117 Fungi
absorb ‗C‘ for its partner.
C-Water and mineral
Which taxonomy is based on following points:
 chromosome number
118 Cytotaxonomy
 chromosome structure
 chromosome behavior
Match the column I with column II:
Column I Column II A-iv,
(A) Unicellular (i) Spirogyra B-iii,
119
(B) Colonial 7 (ii) Kelps C-i,
(C) Filamentous (iii) Volvox D-ii
(D) Massive plant bodies (iv) Chlamydomonas
Numerical taxonomy which is now easily carried out using All observable
120
computers characteristics
is based on .
121 Which type of sexual reproduction is found in Fucus? Oogamous
Rhodophyceae,
122 Porphyra & Dictyota are belonged to which algal class
Phalophyceae
respectively
Agar, one of the commercial products obtained from ‗A‘ and
123 Gracilaria are used to grow microbes and in preparations of A-Gelidium
ice-creams and
jellies.
Chlorophyll-a,c,
124 Which are the pigments found in phaeophyceae?
Fucoxanthin
Write the name of two unicellular algae which are rich in Chlorella
125
proteins and Spirullina
are used as food supplements:
Most of the green algae have one or more storage bodies,
126 Pyrenoids
which are
located in the chloroplasts are called:
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Certain marine brown and red algae produce large

A-Algin
127 amounts of hydrocolloids eg. ‗A‘ and ‗B‘, respectively
B-Carrageen
which are used
commercially.
In phaeophyceae, the vegetative cells have a cellulosic cell wall
128 Algin
usually
covered on the outside by a gelatinous coating of .
Due to pre- dominance
129 Why are the members of Rhodophyceae commonly called red of r-
algae? phycoerythrin
130 Floridean starch is similar to ‗A‘ and glycogen in structure. A-Amylopectin
In which class of algae, gametes are pyriform (pear-shaped)
131 Phaeophyceae
and bear
two unequal laterally attached flagella?
In which class of algae sexual reproduction is oogamous
132 and Rhodophyceae
accomapanied by complex post fertilization developments?
133 Gracilaria and Porphyra are the members of which algae Rhodophyceae
class?
Because they can live in
the soil but depend on
134 Bryophytes are called amphibians of the plant kingdom. water for sexual
Why? reproduction
In liverworts, ‗A‘ are green, multicellular, asexual buds, which A-Gemmae

135
develop B-Gemma cups
in small receptacles called ‗B‘ located on thallus:
In bryophytes zygotes do not undergo reduction division True
136
immediately.
(True/False)
Find the ploidy level of followings with respect to
A-n B-2n
bryophytes: A-Gametophyte B-Sporophyte
137 C-n D-n
C-Spore D-Antherozoids
E-n F-n
E-Gemmae F-Rhizoids
In bryophytes, the dominant phase in the life cycle is the Gametophytic
138
plant body but in pteridophytes, the main plant body is Sporophytic
Which of the following term is not related with mosses?
139 Prothallus
Capsule,
Buds, Prothallus, Rhizoids, Archegonia, Protonema
Which part of gametophytic plant body of a moss bears sex At the apex of the
140
organs- leafy shoots
antheridia & archegonia?
How many of the following have heterosporous nature? Two
141
Selaginella, Equisetum, Salvinia (Selaginella, Salvini
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Read the following information and identify the genus:

 Coralloid roots are with BGA
142  Unbranched stem Cycas
 Lack ovary wall
 Pinnate leaves
The spread of living pteridophytes is limited and restricted to because they need
143
narrow water for fertilization
geographical regions. Why?
Female cone  Mega sporophylls  Megasporong 
144 Megaspores For above terms, which one is related to Female cone
Pinus but not related to
Cycas?
Identify the name of processes (A & B) in the given A-Meiosis
145 sequence:
𝐴 𝐵 B-Germination
Microspore mother cell → Microspore → Male
gametophyte
In gymnosperms, the male and the female gametophytes do not
146 True
have
an independent free-living existence. (True/False)
In gymnosperms,the nucellus is protected by envelops and
147 Ovule
the
composite structure is called ?
How many following cells are present in an
A-1
embryo sac: A - Egg cell
B-2
148 B-
C-3
Synergids C
D-1
- Antipodals
D – Central cell
The spread of living pteridophytes is limited and restricted to because they need
149
narrow water for fertilization
geographical regions. Why?
Female cone  Mega sporophylls  Megasporong 
150 Megaspores For above terms, which one is related to Female cone
Pinus but not related to
Cycas?
Identify the name of processes (A & B) in the given A-Meiosis
151 sequence:
𝐴 𝐵 B-Germination
Microspore mother cell → Microspore → Male
gametophyte
In gymnosperms, the male and the female gametophytes do not
152 True
have
an independent free-living existence. (True/False)
In gymnosperms, the nucellus is protected by envelops and
153 Ovule
the
composite structure is called?
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How many following cells are present in an

A-1
embryo sac: A - Egg cell
B-2
154 B-
C-3
Synergids C
D-1
- Antipodals
D - Central cell
Write the names of male and female sex organs of Stamen
155
angiosperms Carpel or Pistil
respectively:
Two (Dicotyledonae
156 In how many classes angiosperms are divided? and monocotyledonae)
Three
Ovules, stamen, acarpel, anther, antipodals, synergids, pollen
Stamen
157 grains. How many structures are NOT produced by
Anther
female plant of angiosperm?
Pollen grains
Angiosperms range in size from tiny, almost microspic e.g. ‗A‘ A-Wolfia
158
to tall B-Eucalyptus
trees of e.g. ‗B‘.
Five
(2 male nuclei,
159 How many nuclei are involved in double fertilization?
2 polar nuclei,
1 egg nucleus)
Write down the ploidy level of followings regarding A-3n,
typical angiosperm: B-n,
160 (A) Endosperm (B) Synergids C-2n,
(C) Embryo (D) Pollen grain D-n,
(E) Embryosac E-n
After fertilization, what is the future of the following:
A-Seed
(A) Ovule
B-Degenerate C-
161 (B) Synergieds
Fruit
(C) Ovary
D-Degenerate
(D) Antipodals
Many algae such as Volvox, Spirogyra and some species of
162 Haplontic
Chlamydomonas represent pattern of life cycle.
163 Which kind of life cycle pattern is shown by all seed-bearing Diplontic
plants?
The life cycle of any sexually reproducting plant, there is an
A-Gametes B-
164 alternation of generation between ‗A‘ producing by haploid
Spore
gametophyte and ‗B‘
producing by diplod Sporophyte.
165 In bryophytes, what is the dominant phase of life cycle? Gametophytic phase
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"The diploid sporophyte is represented by a dominant,

independent, photosynthetic, vascular plant body. It
166 alternates with multicellular saprophytic/autotrophic, Pteridophy
independent but short-lived haploid gametophytes."
Above pattern of life cycle is represented by which group of
plants?
"The short-lived multicellular sporophyte totally or partially
167 dependent on the gametophyte‖ Bryophyta
Above statement is related to which group of kingdom
plantae?
168 Which type of life cycle is found in Fucus? Diplontic
A-Fragmentation B-
Algae usually reproduce vegetatively by ‗A‘, asexually by
169 Spores
formation of ‗B‘ and sexually by fusion of ‗C‘.
C-Gametes
Match the column (Process) with column II
(Result) Column I Column A-ii B-iv
II C-i D-iii
170
(A) Fusion of male & female gametes (i) Spores
(B) Mitosis in zygote (ii) Zygote
(C) Meiosis in sporophyte (iii) Gametophyte
(D) Germination of spores (iv) Embryo
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ANIMAL KINGDOM
Q.No Question Answer
1 Members of which phylum are commonly known as Porifera

sponges?
Sponges are
2 Which type of symmetry is mostly found in sponges?
asymmetrical
3 Presence of water transport system is characteristic of which Porifera
phylum?
What is the name of pores through which water enters into the
4 Ostia
body
of sponges?
What is the name of pore through which water comes out from
5 Osculum
a body
of sponges?
What is the name of central cavity found in the body of
6 Spongocoel
members of
phylum porifera?
Food gathering,
respiratory exchange
7 What is the function of water canal system in sponges?
and removal of
waste
Choanocytes or
8 What is the name of cells those line the spongocoel?
collar cells
Spicules and spongin
9 Name the structures which support the body of sponges as a
fibres
skeleton.
10 The animals which don't have separate sexes are called Hermaphrodite
as:
When development of an organism occurs through larval Indirect
11
stage, than development
this type of development is called as:
12 Which type of symmetry is found in coelenterates? Radial symmetry
13 Name the cell that is used for defense purposes in Cnidoblast
coelenterates.
14 Which cnidarians possess a skeleton made up of calcium Corals
carbonate?
The alternation of Polyp and Medusa forms in coelenterates is
15 Metagenesis
called
as
16 Which organism is also known as Portuguese man of war? Physalia
Members of which phylum are commonly known as sea
17 Ctenophora
walnuts or
comb jellies?
18 Which structure helps in locomotion in ctenophores? Comb plates
19 The property of a living organism to emit light is called as: Bioluminescence
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20 Members of which phylum are known as flat worms? Platyhelminthes

Which type of symmetry is found in the members of phylum
21 Bilateral symmetry
platyhelminthes?
Structures which help in osmoregulation and excretion in
22 Flame cells
flatworms
are called.
23 Members of which phylum are also known as roundworms? Aschelminthes
Name the phylum in which organ system level of body
24 Aschelminthes
organisation
appeared first time:
25 Which phylum of animals posses pseudocoelomic type of body Aschelminthes
cavity?
26 Which structures help in osmoregulation and excretion in Nephridia
Annelids?
The body surface of annelids is distinctly marked out into
27 Metameres
segments.
These segments are called as:
28 Name the largest phylum of animal kingdom. Arthropoda
29 The exoskeleton of arthropods is made up of . Chitin
30 The name balancing organ in arthropods. Statocyst
31 What is the main function of malpighian tubules? Excretion
32 Name the organism which produces silk? Bombyx
33 Name organism which produces lac. Laccifer
34 Name the second largest phylum of animal kingdom Mollusca
The soft and spongy layer of skin over the visceral hump of
35 Mantle
molluscs is
known as:
36 In which phylum the mantle cavity is found? Mollusca
37 What is the name of file like rasping organ found in Radula
molluscs?
38 Animals of which phylum are reared for the production of Mollusca
pearls?
39 In which phylum the spiny bodied organisms are included? Echinodermata
In which phylum organisms alter their symmetry from
40 Echinodermata
bilateral to
radial during the development?
41 Members of which phylum have ventral mouth and dorsal Echinodermata
anus?
42 Water vascular system is a characteristic of which phylum? Echinodermata
43 Name the excretory organ of balanoglossus: Proboscis gland
Urochordata and
44 Which subphyla are classified under protochordates?
cephalochordate
45 In which subphylum notochord is present only in larval tail? Urochordata
In which subphylum notochord extends from head to tail
46 Cephalochordata
and
persistent throughout the life?
47 In which subphylum notochord is replaced by vertebral Vertebrata
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column?
Animals of which class possess a sucking and circular mouth
48 Cyclostomata
without
jaws?
49 In which class of fishes mouth is located ventrally? Chondrichthyes
50 Which types of scales are found on the body of cartilagenous Placoid scales
fishes?
51 In which class of fishes notochord is persistent throughout the Chondrichthyes
life?
The teeth in cartilaginous fishes are formed due to
52 Placoid scales
modification of
which type of scales?
What is the name of structure that prevents the bony fishes
53 Air bladder
from
sinking?
Because they lack air
54 Why cartilaginous fishes have to swim constantly?
bladder
55 Name a fish which has electric organ. Torpedo
56 Name a fish which possess poisonous sting. Trygon
The animals which don't have the capacity to regulate their
57 Poikilothermals
body
temperature are called as .
The animals which have the capacity to regulate their body
58 Homoiothermous
temperature are called as .
59 How many pairs of gills are present in bony fishes? 4-pairs
60 Name the cap which covers the gills in fishes: Operculum
61 Which structure represents ear in amphibians and reptiles? Tympanum
62 In which class of vertebrates 3-chambered heart is found? Amphibia and reptilia
The common chamber for alimentary canal, urinary,
63 Cloaca
bladder and
reproductive tracts is called as:
Which class of vertebrates possesses dry and cornified
64 Reptilia
skin with
epidermal scales or scutes?
65 In which reptiles 4-chambered heart is present? Crocodiles
Snakes and lizards shed off their scales often. This
66 Skin cast
phenomenon is
called as:
67 The presence of feathers is characteristic of which class? Aves.
The bones of birds are long and hollow with air cavities. These
68 Pneumatic bones
types of
bones are called as:
69 Name of the additional chambers found in the digestive tract of Crop and Gizzard
birds:
70 Name the respiratory organs in birds and mammals: Lungs
71 Presence of mammary gland is the unique character of which Mammalia
class?
16
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Ornithorhynchus(Plat
72 Name an oviparous organism with presence of mammary
ypus)
glands:
Coelenterata,
73 Name the phyla which have radial symmetry: ctenophora,
Echinodermata
The undifferentiated layer present between ectoderm and
74 Mesoglea
mesoderm
in diploblastic animals is known as:
75 A cavity in which mesoderm is found in scattered form is Pseudocoelom
called as:
Match the columns:
(A)-(ii)
(A) Sycon (i)Bath sponge
76 (B)-(iii)
(B) Spongilla (ii) Scypha
(C)-(i)
(C) Euspongia (iii) Fresh water sponge
Match the columns:
(A)-(iv)
(A) Adamsia (i) Sea fan
(B)-(iii)
77 (B) Pennatula (ii) Brain coral
(C)-(i)
(C) Gorgonia (ii) Sea pen 1
(D)-(ii)
(D) Meandrina (iv) Sea anemone
Match the columns:
(A)-(iii)
(A) Taenia (i) Filaria worm
(B)-(v)
(B) Fasciola (ii) Round worm
78 (C)-(ii)
(C) Ascaris (iii) Tapeworm
(D)-(i)
(D) Wuchereria (iv) Hook worm
(E)-(iv)
(E) Ancylostoma (v)Liver fluke
79 Match the columns :
(A) Pheretima (i) King crab (A)-(i)
(B) Hirudinaria (ii) Honey bee (B)Hiv)
(C) Apis (iii) Earthworm (C)-(ii)
(D) Limulus (iv) Blood sucking leech (DHA)

(A) Pila (i) Devil fish (A)-(iii)
(B) Pinctada (ii) Chiton (B)-(v)
(C) Sepia (iii) Apple snail (C)-(vi)
(D) Loligo (iv) Tusk shell (D)-(vii)
(E) Octopus (v) Pearl oyester (E)-(i)
(F) Aplysia (vi) Cuttlefish (F)-(viii)
(G) Dentalium (vii) Squid (G)-(iv)
(H) Chaetopleura (viii) Sea hare (H)-(ii)
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(A) Asterias (i) Brittle star (A) (iii)
(B) Echinus (ii) Sea lily (B)-(iv)
(C) Antedon (iii) Star fish (C) -(ii)
(D) Cucumaria (iv) Sea urchin (D)-(v)
(E) Ophiura (v) Sea cucumber (E)-(i)
(A) Branchiostoma (i) Saw fish (A)-(iii)
(B) Petromyzon (ii) Dog fish (B)-(v)
(C) Myxine (iii) Lancelet
(D) Scoliodon (iv) Sting ray (CH(vi)
(E) Pristis (v) Lamprey (D)-(ii)
(F) Carcharodon (vi) Hag fish (E)-(i)
(G) Trygon (vii) Great white shark (F)-(vii)
(G)-(iv)
(A) Exocoetus (i) Angel fish (A)-(v)
(B) Hippocampus (ii) Rohu (B)-(vi)
(C) Labeo (iii) Fighting fish (C)-(ii)
(D) Clarias (iv) Magur (D) (iv)
(E) Betta (v) Flying fish (E)-(iii)
(F) Pterophyllum (vi) Sea horse (F)-(i)
(A) Bufo (i) Limbless amphibian (A)(iii)
(B) Rana (ii) Frog (B)-(ii)
(C) Hyla (iii) Toad (C)-(iv)
(D) Ichthyophis (iv) Tree frog (D)-(i)
(A) Chelone (i) Krait (A)-(iv)
(B) Testudo (ii) Wall lizard (B)-(v)
(C) Chameleon (iii) Garden lizard (C-(vi)
(D) Calotes (iv) Turtle (D)-ji)
(E) Naja (v) Tortoise (E)-(vii)
(F) Bangarus (vi) Tree lizard (F)-(i)
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G) Hemidactylus (vii) Cobra (G)-(ii)

(A) Corvus (i) Vulture (A)-(ii)
(B) Columba (ii) Crow (B)-(vi)
(C) Psittacula (iii) Penguin C)-(vii)
(D) Struthio (iv) Peacock (D)-(V)
(E) Pavo (v) Ostrich (E)-(iv)
(F) Aptenodytes (vi) Pigeon (F)-(iIi)
(G) Neophron (vii) Parrot (G)-(i)
(A) Ornithorhynchus (i) Flying fox (A)-(v)
(B) Macropus (ii) Blue whale (B)-(vii)
(C) Pteropus (ii) Monkey (C)-(i)
(D) Balaenoptera (iv) Dog (D)-(ii)
(E) Canis (v) Platypus (E)-(iv)
(F) Macaca (vi) Cat (F)-(iii)
(G) Felis (vii) Kangaroo (G)-(vi)
(H) Equus (viii) Horse (H)-(viii)

(A) Operculum (i) Ctenophora (A)-(viii)
(B) Parapodia (ii) Mollusca (B)-(v)
(C) Scales (iii) Porifera (C)-(iv)
(D) Comb plates (iv) Reptilia (D)-(i)
(E) Radula (v) Annelida (E)-(ii)
(F) Hairs (vi) Cyclostomata (F)-(vii)
(G) Choanocytes (vii) Mammalia (G)-(iii)
(H) Gill slits (viii) Osteichthyes H)-(v)

(A) Water canal system (i) Coelenterata (A)-(vii)
(B) Metagenesis (ii) Platyhelminthes (B)-(i)
(C) Comb plates (iii) Mollusca (C)-(viii)
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(D) Flame cells (iv) Arthropoda (D)-(ii)

(E) Excretory tube (v) Echinodermata (E)-(vi)
(F) Jointed appendages (vi) Aschelminthes (F)-iv)
(G) Soft bodied animals. (vii) Porifera (G)-(iii)
(H) Water vascular system (viii) Ctenophora (H)-(v)

(A) Urochordata (i) Camelus (A) ii), (viii), (ix)
(B) Hemichordata (ii) Ascidia (B)-(v), (xi)
(C) Arthropoda (iii) Crocodilus (C)-(vii), (xiii), (xv)
(D) Reptilia (iv) Elephas (D)-(iii), (xiv), (xvi)
(E) Mammalia (v) Balanoglossus (E)-(i), (iv), (vi), (x),
(vi) Rattus (xii)
(vii) Culex
(viii) Salpa
(ix) Doliolum
(x) Delphinus
(xi) Saccoglossus
(xii) Panthera
(xiii) Aedes
(xiv) Vipera
(xv) Anopheles
(xvi) Alligator
91 Mark the given statements True (T) or False (F):

(i) All members of Animalia T
are multicellular. F
(ii) Sponges exhibit tissue T
grade level of body
organization. F
(iii) A complete digestive F
system has two openings, T
mouth and anus.
F
(iv) Annelids are
T
pseudocoelomate
animals. F
20
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(v) Notochord is an T
endodermally derived
structure.
(vi) All vertebrates are
chordates.
(vii) All chordates are
vertebrates.
(viii) Polyps produce medusae
asexually and medusae
form the polyps sexually.
(ix) Hooks and suckers are
present in non parasitic
flatworms.
(x) Lamprey dies after few
days of spawning.
92 Character Non Chordates Chordates

Notochord (a) (a) - Present
(b) - Dorsal
Ventral (b) (c) - Solid
Central nervous (c) Hollow (d) – Single
Double (d) (e) - Present
Gills slits Absent (e) (f) – Dorsal
Heart (f) Ventral (g) – Absent
Post anal tail (g) Present
21
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MORPHOLOGY OF FLOWERING PLANTS

Q.NO. QUESTIONS 1. 2. ANSWERS
1 Direct elongation of the radicle leads to the formation of..... primary.
root.
2 Lateral roots includes ....(a).... and ....(b)..... roots (a) secondary

(b) tertiary
3 The primary root and its branches constitute the ........ Tap root system
4 When the primary root in short lived and replaced by large Fibrous root
number of thin roots, it constitutes the system
5 Fibrous roots originate from Base of the stem
6 The roots which arise from the parts of the plant other than Adventitious roots
the radicle are
7 The root is covered at the apex by thimble like structure Root cap
called
8 The region of meristematic activity is situated few millimeters True

above root cap. True or false?
9 Match the following

1 Tap root a Monstera 1-c
2 Fibrous root b Wheat 2-b
3 Adventitious root c Mustard 3-a
10 Which region of the root have very small cells, thin walled Meristematic zone
and with dense protoplasm?
11 Which part of root is responsible for the growth of the root in Region of
length? elongation
12 Region of elongation is present ---(a) to the region of a- Proximal

meristem b- Proximal
And region of maturation is present -(b), to the region of
elongation
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13 Match the following root modifications

1 For storage a Maize 1-c,d
2–e
2 Prop root b Sugarcane
3 –a, b
3 Stilt root c Sweet
potato
4–f
4 For respiration d Turnip
e Banyan
f Rhizophora
14 Stilt roots arise from Lower node of the

stem
15 Hanging structures which provide support to banyan trees Prop roots
are
16 In Rhizophora, pneumatophores help in Respiration

17 Shoot develops from the ----(a)---- of the embryo a – plumule
18 Part of the plant which bears nodes and internodes is known Stem
as
19 is generally ---(a)- when young and later often becomes a – Green
woody and dark ----(b) Match the following b-Brown

1 Organ of perennation a Opuntia 1-e
2 b
2–f
Stem tendril Citrus
3 –b,d
3 Stern thorn c Euphorbia
4 – a,c
4 Phylloclade d Bougainvillea
e Zaminkand
f Cucumber
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21 Stem modified into flattened structure in ---(a)- or fleshy a - Opuntia

cylindrical structure in -----(b)--- and perform photosynthesis b - Euphorbia
22 In which plants each node bears a rosette of leaves and a Pistia and
tuft of roots? Eichhornia
23 Which type of sub-aerial modification occur in Jasmine. Stolon
24 In banana, the growing lateral branch come out ..........giving Obliquely upward
rise to leafy shoots.
25 Leaves originate from ................ meristem. Shoot apical
26 Leaf develops at the -------- and bears a --------- in its axil. a - Node, b - Bud
27 The axillary bud later develops into a Branch or flower
28 The leaves are arranged in...... manner on stem. Acropetal
29 Leaf may bear two lateral small leaf like structures which are Stipules
known as
30 Sheathing leaf base is found in monocots, true or false. True
31 In some---a-- plants the leaf base may become swollen a - leguminous

which is known as -------- b - pulvinus
32 Vein provide ----(a) to the leaf blade and act as channels of - a - Rigidity b -
---(b)----- Transport
33 The arrangement of veins and veinlets in the larnina of leaf Venation

is termed as….
34 When the veinlets form a network, the venation is known as Reticulate
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venation
35 When the veins run parallel to each other within a lamina the Parallel venation
venation is termed as
36 In a leaf, when its lamina is entire or when incised, the Simple leaf
incisions do not touch the midrib then this type of leaf is
known as
37 When the incisions of leaf lamina reach upto the midrib the Compound leaf
leaf is known as
38 A ................ is present in the axil of petiole in both simple Bud

and compound leaves but not in the axil of leaflets.
39 Rachis is found in........... leaf. Pinnately

compound
40 In neem plant, which type of leaf is present Pinnately
compound leaf
41 In palmately compound leaf, the leaflets are attached at the - a - Common point
---(a)---- as in -------(b)------ Match the following i.e. tip of Petiole
b - Silk cotton

1 Alternate leaves a Alstonia 1-b
2 –c
2 Opposite leaves b Mustard,
Chinarose 3 –a
3 Whorled c Guava,
Calotropis

1 Leaf tendril a Venus fly trap 1-b
2 –c
2 Leaf spine b Pea
3 –a
3 Insectivorous plant c Cactus
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44 Name the plant in which, the leaves are short lived and Australian acacia
petiole modify in leafy structure
45 Flower is a modified Shoot

46 The arrangement of flower on floral axis is known as Inflorescence
47 In ----a---inflorescence the main axis continuous to grow. a – Racemose

Whereas in ---(b)--- inflorescence main axis terminates in a b - Cymose
flower.
48 In racemose type of inflorescence the flowers are arranged Acropetal manner
in
49 In a typical flower, calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium Thalamus
are attached on
50 alyx and corolla are ---------- organs while androecium, and a – Accessory
gynoecium are -----------organs b - Reproductive
or essential
51 When calyx and corolla are not distinct then they are known Perianth
as
52 If a flower has both androecium and gynoecium, it is Bisexual

a................. flower.
53 If a flower having either only starnens or only carpels it is Unisexual

a.................. flower.

1 Actinomorphic flower a Mustard, 1-a,c
Datura
2 –d,e
2 Zygomorphic flower b Canna
3 Asymmetric flower c Chilli 3 –b
e Cassia
f Pea, Bean
1 Hypogynous flower a Cucumber 1-b,c
2 –d
2 Perigynous flower b Mustard
3 –a,e
3 Epigynous flower c Chinarose
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e Plum
f Guava
56 In case of perigynous flower, the ovary is Half inferior
57 When the sepals are united then condition is known as Gamosepalous
58 When the petals are free then condition is known as Polypetalous
59 The mode of arrangement of sepals or petals in floral bud Aestivation

with respect to other members of the same whorl is
60 If the margins of sepals or petals overlap one another but not Imbricate
in any particular direction, then this type of aestivation is aestivation
known as
1 Valvate a Cassia
1- c
2 Twisted b Pea
2 - d,
3 lmbricat c Calotropis e
3 - a,
e
4 Vexillar dChina f
4-b
y rose
e Lady
finger
f Gulmohu
r
62 Each anther is usually ---(a)--and each lobe has –(b)--- a - Bilobed,
chambers b - Two
63 The pollen grains are produced in (Pollensac / Ovule) Pollen sac
64 A sterile stamen is known as Staminode
65 When the stamens are attached to the petals, they are Epipetalous
known as
1 Epiphyllous a Citrus 1-d
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2 Monoadelphous b Pea 2 –c
3 Diadelphous c China rose
3 –b
4 Polyadelphous e Lily 4-a
67 may be variation in the length of filaments within a flower as Salvia and
in mustard
68 There In rose and lotus, the condition of carpels is Apoxarpous
69 Syncarpous condition is found in Mustard and
tomato
70 After fertilisation, the ovules develop into ----(a)---- and the a – Seeds
ovary matures into a -----(b)---- b- Fruit
71 The arrangement of ovules within the ovary is known as Placentation
72 Ripened or mature ovary is known as Fruit
73 If a fruit is formed without fertilisation of ovary it is called Parthenocarpic
fruit
74 Which of the following is not correct ? 1 - Primrose has
1. Axile - Primrose free central
2. Parietal - Mustard, Argemone
3. Free central-Dianthus
4. Basal - Sunflower, Marigold
75 Ovary is one charmbered but it becomes two chambered (a) Mustard (b)
due to formation of the false septum in ...(a)..... and .....(b)..... Argemone
76 Generally, the fruit is consist of ------(a)----- and ----(b).--- a - Pericarp, b-

Seeds
77 In mango and coconut the fruit is known as Drupe
78 The drupe fruits are developed from ....... and superior ovary Morocarpellary
79 The edible part of mango is Mesocarp
80 The mesocarp of coconut is Fibrous
81 A seed is generally made up of Seed coat and an
embryo
82 The seed coat has two layers, the outer ----(a)---- and the a – Testa
inner -----(b)----- b - Tegmen
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83 Orchid seed is (non endospermic or endospermic) Non-endospermic
84 In the seeds of cereal the seed coat and fruit wall are Fused
(Fused/Free)
85 In maize, the outer covering of endosperm separates the Aleurone layer

embryo by a proteinous layer called
86 In monocots, one large and shield shaped cotyledon is Scutellum

known as
87 The plumule and radicle are enclosed in sheaths which are - a – Coleoptile
-------(a)--------and--------(b)----- respectively b-Coleorhiza
88 Papilionatae is a subfamily of Leguminosae
89 Which structure of petals encloses the stamen and pistil. Keel
90 In fabaceae family, the gynoecium is monocarpellary, True
unilocular with many ovules, single style and superior ovary.
(True/False)
91 many of the plants given below are comes under fabaceae All
family - Moong, Soyabean, Indigofera, Sunhemp, Sesbania,
Lupinus, Mulaithi
92 How Solanaceae family commonly known as Potato family
93 In the members solananceae family the seed is ......... Endospermic
(Endospermic or non-endospermic)
94 Persistent calyx is found in the members of Solanaceae

(Solanaceae/Liliaceae)
95 How many of the plants given below are comes under All
solanaceae family :- Tobacco, Tomato, Chilli, Belladona,
Ashwagandha, Petunia, Makoi
96 Family Liliaceae is commonly called Lily family
97 Epitepalous condition is found in (Fabaceae/Liliaceae) Liliaceae
98 In the members of family liliaceae the gynoecium is True

tricarpellary, syncarpous, trilocular with many ovules and
superior ovary. (True/False)
99 How many of the plants given below are comes under family All
:Liliaceae Aloe, Asparagus, Tulip, Gloriosa, Colchicum
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100 In vexillary aestivation, posterior petal is known as Standard or

Vexillum
101 Underground modification of stem i.e. bulbs, corms and Liliaceae
rhizomes comes under.... family
102 Fruit of liliaceae family is Capsule, rarely
berry
1 Fabaceae a Swollen placenta 1-ii
2 –i
2 Solanaceae b Diadelphous stamens 3 –iii
3 Liliaceae c Epitepalous condition
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ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS

Q.NO. QUESTIONS ANSWERS
1 Study of internal structure of plants is called........... Plant Anatomy
2 A group of cells having a common....(A).....and (A) Origin
usually performing (a common function, (B) Tissue
called.....(B)......
3 ......(A).....in plants is largely restricted to (A) Growth (B) Meristem
specialised regions of active cell division,
called.....(B).......
4 The term meristem is derived from....(A)...word (A) Greek (B) Divided
meristos, which means....(B)...
5 The meristem which occurs at the tips of roots and Apical meristems
shoots and produce primary tissues are called
6 The meristem that occurs in the mature region of Secondary meristem
roots and shoots of many plants particularly those
that produce woody axis and appear later than
primary meristem is called.
7 The structure(s) which is derived from shoot apical Axillary bud

meristem and present in axil (s) of leaf (leaves) and
are capable of forming a branch or a flower,
called.............(s).
8 The meristem which occur in grasses between Intercalary meristem

mature tissues and regenerate parts removed by
grazing herbivores is known as…….
9 .... Both....(A)....and intercalary meristems (A) Apical meristem
are.....(B).....meristems and contribute to the (B) Primary
formation of the primary plant body.
10 List of some of meristems is given below :

(A) Fascicular vascular cambium
(B) Inter fascicular cambium
(C) Phellogen or cork cambium
On the basis of location in plant body above
Lateral meristem
meristems are placed in which group ?
11 Which simple permanent tissue forms the major Parenchyma

component with in plant organs ?
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12 • Cells are generally isodiametric.

• Cells may be spherical, oval, rounded, polygonal
or elongated in shape.
• Their walls are thin and made up of cellulose.
• The cells may either be closely packed or have
intercellular spaces. Parenchyma
Above characters of cells related to which type of
simple permanent tissue?
13 Which simple tissue performs various functions like Parenchyma
photosynthesis secretion and storage ?
14 Which tissue occurs in homogenous layers or in Collenchyma
patches below the epidermis in stem of
decotyledonous plants ?
15 .......(A)......consists of cells which are much A-Collenchyma
thickended at the corners due to the deposition of B-Pectin
cellulose, hemicellulose and...(B)...
16 Which simple permanent tissue provides Collenchyma
mechanical support to the growing parts of plant
such as young stem and petiole of a leaf.
17 On the basis of variation in form, structure and Two

development sclerenchyma cells are of how many
types ?
18 Which simple permanent tissue consists of long Sclerenchyma

narrow cells with thick and lignified walls having a
few or numerous pits.
19 Which type of sclerenchyma cells are found in the Sclereids

fruit wall of nuts, pulp of fruits like guava, pear and
sapota, seed coats of legumes and leaves of tea.
20 Permanent tissues which are made up of more Complex tissues

than one type of cells and these cells work together
as a unit
21 Tracheids are elongated cells with thick A-Lignified
and....(A).....walls and.....(B)....ends. B-Tapering
22 The presence of vessels in xylem is characteristics A-Angiosperms

feature of.....(A).......
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23 Which xylem element have highly thickned walls Xylem fibre

and obliterated central lumen
24 Which xylem element store food material in the Xylem Parenchyma
form of starch or fats and other substances like
tannin?
25 Plant group in which phloem is composed of sieve Angiosperms

tube elements, companion cells, phloem
parenchyma & Phloem fibres.
26 Spermatophytes in which phloem have albuminous Gymnosperms
cells and sieve cells
27 Phloem elements which are long, tube-like Sieve tube elements.

structures, arranged longitudinally and are
associated with the companion cells.
28 A mature sieve element possesses a peripheral (A)-Vacuole
cytoplasm and a large.....(A)......but lacks a (B)-Nucleus
.......B......
29 The functions of ....A).....are controlled by (A)-Sieve tubes
the....(B)....of companion cells (B)-Nucleus
30 Match the column-I with column-II
Column-I Column-II A-iii, B-iv, C-ii, D-i
(A) (A) Ray (i) Store food
parenchymatous material and
cells other substances
like resin, latex &
mucilage
(B) Companion cells (ii) Devoid of

protoplasm at
maturity
(C) Phloem fibres (iii) Radial
conduction
(D) Phloern (iv) Help in

parenchyma maintaining the
pressure
gradient in the
sieve tubes
31 The protophloem has...(A).... sieve tubes whereas A-Narrow
33
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metaphloem has......(B)....sieve tubes. B-Bigger
32 On the basis of their....(A)....and .....(B)....there are A-Structure/morphology

three types of tissue systems. B-Location/Position
33 Phloem fibre are made up of ....(A)...... cells. These A-Sclerenchymatous

are generally absent in the ...(B)...... B-Primary Phloem
34 Epidermal cell are .....(A)..... with a small amount of A-Parenchymatous

.....(B)..... and large vacuole. B-Cytoplasm
35 In dlicots, guard cells are .....(A)..... shaped A-bean

whereas in grasses guard cells are ....(B)... shaped B-dumb-bell
36 The stomatal aperture, guard cells and the A-Stomatal apparatus
surrounding subsidiary cells are together called ...
(A).....
37 The root hairs are .....(A).... elongations of the .... A-Unicellular
(B).... cells and help absorb water and minerals B-Epidermal
from the soil.
38 All tissues except ....(A).... and ... (B)... constitute A-Epidermis
the ground tissue System. B-Vascular bundles
39 In ....(A)..., the ground tissue consists of thin walled A-Leaves
chloroplasts containing cells and is called ...(B)... B-Mesophyll
40 Which type of vascular bundles are found in roots? Radial
41 List of some of the structural part is given below Medullary rays

:Pericycle, Pith vascular bundles and medullary
rays Which is not a part of stele in the primary
internal structure of dicotyledonae and
monocotyledonae roots.
42 The cross section of a plant material shows the Monocotyledonous root
following anatomical features under microscope:
(a) usually more than six xylem bundles with
exarch xylem
(b) pith is large and well developed
(c) Radial arrangement of xylem and phloem
bundles. The plant material should be :
43 in the internal structure of roots, casparian strips Endodermis

are present in :-
44 The cross section of a plant material shows the Dicotyledonae root
34
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following anatomical features under microscope.

(a) usually two to four xylem and phloem patches
with exarch xylem.
(b) pith in smal or inconspicuous.
(c) Radial arangement of xylem & phloem bundle.
The plant material should be.
45 ...(A)... roots are endogenous in origin and A-Lateral B-Pericycle
originates from the cells of ...(B)....
46 In dicotyledonae stem, which layer is also termed Endodermis

as starch sheath?
47 List of some of the plant materials is given below
:• Dicotyledonae root
• Monocotyledonae root
• Dicotyledonae stem
Dicotyledonae stem
• Monocotyledonae stem
Which plant material have sclerenchymatous
pericycle in patches. located just above phloem
bundles in the primary internal structure.
48 List of some the plant materials is given below

:• Dicotyledonae root
• Dicotyledonae stem Dicotyledonae stem
• Monocotyledonae root
Which plant material have bundle cap in the
primary internal structure ?
49 In the internal structure of sunflower stem, in A Parenchymatous

between the vascular bundles there are a few B-Medullary rays
layers of radially placed ...(A)... cells, which
constitute...(B)...
50 Which type of vascular bundles are found in the Conjoint, collateral & open
primary internal structure of dicotyledonae stem
(eg. Sunflower stem) ?
51 The cross section of a plant material shows the

following anatomical features under microscope:
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(a) Sclerenchymatous bundle sheath

(b) Many vascular bundles are scattered in
parenchymatous groundtissue, each vascular
bundle is surrounded by sclerenchymatous bundle
sheath Monocotyledonae stem
(c) Vascular bundles are usually oval shaped.
(d) Vascular bundles are conjoint, collateral &
closed and xylem is endarch
(e) Phloem parenchyma is absent and water
containing cavities are present within the vascular
bundles .
The plant material should be :
52 In a dorsiventral leaf, palisade parenchyma lies A- Adaxial

towards ...(A)... and spongy parenchyma lies B- B-Abaxial
towards ...(B).., in position.
53 In grasses, certain ...(A)... epidermal cells along the A-Adaxial

veins modify themselves into large, empty, B-Bulliform
colourless cells. These cells are called...(B)... cells.
54 The ...(A)... venation in ....(B)... leaves is reflected A-Parallel

in the near similar sizes of vascular bundles B-Monocot
(except in main veins) as seen in vertical section of
the leaves.
55 In a isobilateral leaf, two distinct patches of ...(A)... A-Sclerenchyma

are present above and below of each large ...(B)... B-Vascular bundle
which extend towards upper and lower epidermis,
respectively.
56 In dicot stem the cells of carnbium present between A-Intra fascicular

primary xylem and primary phloem is the ...(A)...
cambium.
57 At some places, the cambium forms a narrow A-Parenchyma

bands of ...(A).... which passes through the B-Secondary Medullary rays
secondary xylem and the secondary phloem in the
radial directions. These are the ...(B)....
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58 Name the lateral meristem which is responsible for Phellogen (Cork cambium)
the formation of phellem and phelloderm.
59 Name the lateral meristem which is responsible for Vascular cambium

the formation of secondary xylem, secondary
phloem and secondary medullary rays.
60 The ...A... wood is lighter in colour and exhibit low A-Spring

density whereas ...B... wood is darker in colour and B-Autumn
exhibit high density.
61 Heart wood comprises dead elements with highly A-Lignified

...A... walls and it does not conduct water &
minerals.
62 Which lateral meristem usually develops in cortical Phellogen or cork cambium

region of dicot stem?
63 ....A.... is impervious to water due to ...B.. (A) Phellem/cork (B) suberin

deposition in cell wall
64 Phellem, phellogen and ...A... are collectivety A-Phelloderrn or secondary
termed as ...B... cortex
B-Periderm
65 ....A... is a non-technical term that refers to all A-Bark
tissues exterior to -...'B'... therefore including B-Vascular cambium
secondary phloem
66 Consider the following statements : Four
(a) Complimentary cells are thin walled, rounded.
Colourless parenchymatous and non-suberized
(b) Secondary phloem and periderm are included in
bark.
(c) In a dicot root, vascular combium is completely
secondary in origin
(d) In a dicot root, vascular cambium is initially
wavy which later becomes circular. How many of
above statements are correct?
67 Consider the following statements Three
(a) In temperate regions, climatic condition are not
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uniform through out the year.

(b) Lenticels occur in most woody trees.
(c) Complimentary cells are formed by the activity
of phellogen. How many of above statements are
correct?
68 Arrange the external opening and their segmental
number of pheretima :
List-I List-II A= 3, B = 1, C = 4, D = 2
(A) Male genital 1 Between 12/13

apertures to 119 segment
(B) Mid-dorsal pore 2 From 7th to last

segment
(C) Spermathecal 3 18th segment

appertures
(D) Nephridiopores 4 From 5/6 to 8/9

segment
69 The enteronephric nephridia of earthworm are Excretion of nitrogenus

mainly concerned with wastes
70 In earthworm and cockroach which type of Ventral nerve cord

structure is common :-
71 Blood is red but without RBCs. Such blood is found Earthworm
in :
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CELL : THE UNIT OF LIFE

CELL INTRODUCTION
1 Who discovered the first living cell ? Anton Von leeuwenhoek
2 Who formulated the cell theory? Schleiden and Schwann
3 Who gave the cell theory a final shape ? Rudolf Virchow
4 "Omnis cellula-e-cellula" statement was given by : Rudolf Virchow
5 Main arena of various cellular activities of the cell Cytoplasm

is :
6 Which non-membranous organelle is found in both Ribosome

prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell ?
7 Who first explained that cells divide and new cells Rudolf Virchow
are formed from pre-existing cells?
8 Which non-membranous cell organelle is found in Centriole
animal cell and helps in cell division ?
9 Who is responsible for extensive Membrane bound cell

compartmentalisation of cytoplasm in eukaryotic organelles
cell ?
FILL IN THE BLANKS ANSWERS
1 Some organisms are composed of a single cell A-unicellular, B -

and are called "A" organisms while other multicellular
organisms are composed of many cells are called
_"B" organisms.
2 - - _ a British Zoologist, studied different types of Theodore Schwann (1839)

animal cells and reported that cells had a thin
outer layer which is today known as the plasma
mernbrane.
3 Cell that has membrane bound nucleus is called A eukaryotic, B-prokaryotic

"A" whereas cell that lack membrane bound
nucleus is called "B"
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4 The largest isolated single cell is the - egg of an ostrich
TRUE / FALSE ANSWERS
1 Anything less than a complete structure of a cell True

does not ensure independent living
2 Cell is the fundamental structural and functional True

unit of living organism
3 Various chemical reactions occur in the cytoplasm True

to keep the cell in the living state
4 All living organisms have a cell wall surrounding False
the cell membrane
5 All eukaryotic cells have similar shape False
6 Shape of the cell may vary with the function they True
perform
CELL WALL
QUESTIONS ANSWERS
1 Middle lamella is mainly composed of Ca-Pectate
2 In plants other than algae, cell wall is composed of Cellulose, Hemi cellulose,
: Pectin, Protein
3 In algae cell wall is composed of : Cellulose, galactans,
mannan, Caco,
1 The cell wall and middle lamella may be traversed plasmodesmata

by………….. which connect the cytoplasm of
neighbouring cells.
2 The cell wall of a young plant cel, the "A" is A- primary wall, B-
capable of growth, which gradually diminish as the secondary wall
cell matures and the "B" is formed on the inner
side of the cell.
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1 Cell wal not only gives shape to the cell, but it True
protect the cell from mechanical damage &
infection
2 As cell mature the secondary wall is formed on the True

inner (toward membrane ) side of the cell
3 Middle lamella holds or glues the different False

neighbouring animal cells together
4 Cell wall is a living quasifluid structure forms an False

outer covering for the plasma membrane of fungi
and plants
5 All eukaryotic cells are not identical True
CELL MEMBRANE
QUESTIONS ANSWERS
1 Fluid mosaic model was proposed by : Singer & Nicolson
2 Na+//K+ pump is an example of : Active transport
3 The ability of protein to move within the membrane Fluidity

is measured as its :
4 Movement of water across the membrane by Osmosis

diffusion is
5 The detailed structural study of cell membrane was 1950

possible after the year:
6 The cell membrane is composed of lipids that are Bilayer

arranged in
7 In the membrane of human RBC the percentage of 40%

lipid is approximately :
8 The lipid component of cell membrane mainly Phosphoglycerides
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consists of :
9 Cell membrane proteins can classified as integral Ease of extraction
or peripheral on the basis of :

1 According to 'Fluid Mosaic Model', the quasi-fluid a-lipids, b-proteins
nature of a enables the lateral movement of _b
within the bilayer.
2 Transport of molecules across the mernbrane passive transport

without any requirement of energy is
called…………
3 Neutral solutes can move across the membrane by Simple diffusion

the process of
4 As_a__ can not pass through the non polar lipid a-polar molecules, b-carrier
bilayer, they require_b__ to facilitate their transport proteins
across the membrane.

1 The fluid nature of cell membrane is helpful in
functions like :
(A) Formation of intercellular junctions True
(B) Cell growth True
(C) Cell division True
(D) DNA replication False
(E) Secretion True
(F) Ribosome synthesis False
2 The ratio of proteins and lipids is same in all cell False

membranes
3 The integral proteins are partially or totally burried True

in the membrane
4 The lipids are arranged in the membrane with the False
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polar heads towards the inner side

STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN ANIMALS
(ANIMAL TISSUE)
1 Mark the statement as true or

(a) In unicellular organisms all the functions are True
performed by single cell.
(b) In the complex body of multicellular animals True
different functions are carried out by different
group of cells.
(c) In multicellular animals, a group of similar cells True
alongwith intercelluar substances perform a
specific function. Such an organisation is called
tissue.
(d)The functions of cells vary according to their
False
structure .
2 This tissue has a free surface, which faces either a

body fluid or the outside environment and thus Epithelial tissue
provides a covering or a lining for some part of the
body. The cells are compactly packed with little
intercellular matrix. This tissue is ......,
3 ................ epithelium is composed of a single layer Simple

of cells and functions as a lining for body cavities,
ducts and tubes.
4 ............epithelium consists of two or more cell Compound
layers and has protective function as it does in our
skin.
5 The .............. epithelium is made of a single thin simple squamous

layer of flattened cells with irregular boundaries.
6 The ............... epithelium is composed of a single Cuboidal,

layer of cube-like cells. This is commonly found in Ducts of glands,
.......... and tubular parts of nephrons in kidneys Secretion,
and its main functions are ........ and ............... Absorption
7 The epithelium .............. of nephron in the kidney Proximal convoluted tubule
has microvilli.
8 Columnar epithelium is found in the walls of Stomach , intestine
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..........and ...........
9 What is the function of Cilia ? To move particles and
mucus in a specific direction
over epithelium
10 Bronchioles and fallopian tubes are lined by .......... Ciliated epithelium
11 Some of the columnar or cuboidal cells get glandular

specialised for secretion and are called
................... epithelium,
12 ................... glands secrete mucus, saliva, earwax, Exocrine

oil, milk, digestive enzymes and other cell
products.
13 ....................... epithelium is made of more than Compound, Secretion and
one layer (multi-layered) of cells and thus has a absorption
limited role in…………….
14 Write the functions of compound epithelium. To provide protection

against chemical and
mechanical stress
15 ............... junctions help to stop substances from Tight
leaking across a tissue.
16 ................... junctions perform cementing to keep Adhering

neighbouring cells together.
17 ................. junctions facilitate the cells to Gap
communicate with each other by connecting the
cytoplasm of adjoining cells, for rapid transfer of
ions, small molecules and sometimes big
molecules.
18 ………… tissues are most abundant and widely Connective

distributed in the body of complex animals.
19 Connective tissues are named as connective Because of their special
tissues. Why? function of linking and
supporting other tissues
/ organs of the body
20 In all connective tissues except .............., the cells blood
secrete fibres of structural proteins called collagen
or elastin.
21 (i) ............ connective tissue, (ii) ............... (i) loose
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connective tissue and (iii) .............. connective (ii) dense

tissue. (iii) specialised
22 ................. connective tissue has cels and fibres Loose
loosely arranged in a semi-fluid ground substance,
for example, areolar tissue present beneath the
skin
23 Loose connective tissue which store fat is adipose
24 In the ............... connective tissues, the collage Dense regular, tendons,

fibres are present in rows between many parallel ligaments
bundles of fibres ............ which attach skeletal
muscles to bones and ..................... which attach
one bone to another are examples of this tissue.
25 The intercellular material of cartilage is ............... solid, pliable

and ............. and resists compression.
26 Most of the cartilages in vertebrate embryos are bones
replaced by............ in adults.
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EARTHWORM AND COCKROACH

1 How many malpighian tubules present in 100-150

cockroach?
2 Fill in the blank:In female cockroach sperms are Spermatophore
transferred through …………….by male
cockroach?
3 In cockroach the respiratory system consists of a Spiracies
network of trachea that open outside the body by
the help of
4 The number of thoracic segments in cockroach are 3

5 The two pairs of wings in cockroch are situated in Mesothorax and metathorax
the segments.
6 Which one of the following regions of the Mid-gut
alimentary canal in periplaneta is characterised by
the presence of a peritrophic membrane.
7 In cockroach the nerve cord is : Double ventral and solid
8 In the mouth parts of cockroach the organ of Mandibles
mastication is :
9 A ring of 6-8 blind tubules called hepatic or gastric Digestive juices
caecae is present at the junction of foregut and
mid-gut in cockroach. It secrete the :-
10 Which of the following statements are true, which (1) ► T, (2) ► T, (3) - T, (4)
are false for cockroach -F
(1) Sexual dimorphism is distinct
(2) The anal styles are present on 9th sternurn of
male only
(3) In both sexes the 104 segment bears anal cerci
(4) Brain absent in cockroach
11 13. Mushroom gland a part of : 4

(1) Digestive system of cockroach
(2) Respiratory system of cockroach
(3) Male reproductive system of earthworm
(4) Male reproductive system of cockroach
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12 Which type of structure in cockroach monitoring Antennae

the environmental conditions:
13 In male and female cockroach 10th segment bears Anal cerci
of a pair of jointed filamentous strucutre called :
14 Body cavity of cockroach is called : Haemocoel
15 Cockroach mainly excretes : Uric acid
16 In female cockroach, ootheca is secreted by: Collaterial gland
17 Egg of cockroach is : Centrolecithal
18 On the basis of metamorphosis the cockroach is : Paurometabolus

19 A dorsal sclerite of cockroach is called : Tergum
20 In cockroach alary muscles are associated with : Heart and blood circulation
21 Young one of the cockroach is called : Nymph
22 The functional units of compound eye of cockroach Ommatidia

are called :-
23 Ten pairs of spiracles for respiration are present in Cockroach
:
EARTHWORM = (PHERETIMA POSTHUMA)

24 The process of increasing fertility of soil by the Vermicomposting
earthworms is called :-
25 Septal nephridia of earthworm open in : Intestine
26 In earthworm lateral oesophageal hearts are 12th and 13th segments
present in which segments.
27 Structures present only in 7th and 9th segments of Lateral hearts

pheretima posthuma are
28 What is the functions of dorsal blood vessel in Collection and distribution

pheretima
29 In pheretima blood glands are present in which 4th, 5th and 6th segments
segments. The
30 function of blood glands in pheretima, Production of blood cells
and haemoglobin
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31 In pheretima posthuma female genital pore is 14h segment

present in which segment
32 In pheretima posthuma pharyngeal nephridia are 4th, 5th and 6th segments
present in
33 Typholosole of pheretima can be found in Intestine
34 The typhlosole of earthworm is releated with Absorption

35 Blood vessel in earthworm which has valve is Dorsal blood vessel
36 Clitellum of pheretima is primarily concerned with : Production of cocoon
37 Segment having male genital pore in earthworm : 18th segment
38 In pheretima the testis are located in which 10th and 11th segments
segments.
39 In pheretima accessory glands are present in 17th and 19th segments
which segments
40 In earthworm, which type of structure regulate the Nephridia
volume and composition of the body fluid.
41 In the garden, earthworm can be traced by their Worm castings

faecal deposits known as
42 In earthworm the dorsal surface of the body is Dorsal blood vessel

marked by a dark median mid-dorsal line called
43 In earthworm second layer of body wall is made up Columnar epithelium

of
1. Nucleus controls the activities of organelles and play a major TRUE

role in heredity
2. Material of the nucleus is stained by only acidic dye FALSE
3. Nuclear matrix contains chromatin and one or more spherical TRUE

bodies called nucleoli
4. Nuclear pores are the passage through which movement of FALSE

RNA and protein molecules take place in only one direction
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5. The inner membrane of nucleus usually remain continuous with FALSE

ER and also bears ribosomes on it
6. Each and every cell of human body contain nucleus FALSE
7. The content of nucleolus is not continuous with the rest of FALSE

nucleoplasm because it is bound by single membrane
8. Larger and more numerous nucleoli are present in cells actively TRUE
carring out protein synthesis
9. Some mature eukaryotic cells lack nucleus but yet these cells TRUE
consider as a living
10. In sub metacentric chromosomes centromere is situated slightly TRUE

away from the middle of the chromosome
11. Secondary constriction essentially present in every FALSE

chromosome
12. Chromatin contain DNA, some acidic protein called histone and FALSE
some non histone protein
13. Nucleolus is a main site for ribosomal protein synthesis FALSE
1. At a number of places the nuclear envelope is interrupted by A-pores, B-fusion

minute___A____ which are formed by the ____B____ of its two
membranes.
2. During different stages of cell division, cells show structured__ chromosome

in place of the nucleus.
3. Every chromosome essentially has a " A " on the sides of which A-primary
disc shaped structures called __"B"__ are present. constriction
B-kinetochore
MATCH THE COLUMN ANSWERS
1. Match the Column-I with Column -II A-iii, B-i, C-ii
Column-I Column -II
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A Smallest cell i Nerve cell

B Longest cell ii Egg of an ostrich
C Largest isolated iii Mycoplasma
single cell
2.
Column-I Column-II
A Schleiden & Schwann i Fluid mosaic model A-iii, B-v, C-i, D-

vi, E-iv, F-ii
B Anton Von ii Golgi body
Leeuwenhoek
C Singer & Nicolson iii Cell theory
D Robert Brown iv Ribosome
E George Palade v First living cell
F Camillo Golgi vi Nucleus
3. Column-I Column-II A-ii, B-i, C-iii
A Plasmodesmata i Holds the different

neighbouring cells
together
B Middle lamella ii Connect the cytoplasm

of neighbouring cells.
C Primary cell wall iii Diminishes as the cell

mature
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4.
Column-I Column-II
A vacuole i Protein synthesis and A-iv, B-iii, C-ii, D-
secretion v, E-i
B Lysosome ii Packaging of materials
C Golgi body iii Digestion
D SER iv Storage of water
E RER v Synthesis of steroidal

hormones
5. Consider the cell membrane and match the column-I with

column-II
Column-I Column-II
A - ii, B- i, C-iv,
A Lipid i 52%
D-iii
B Protein ii 40%
C Fluid mosaic model iii Na+/+ pump
D Active transport iv 1972
6. A-ii, B-i, C-iv, D-iii

Column-I Column-II
A Chromoplast I Syedberg unit
B Ribosome ii Carotenoids
C Food vacuole iii Important for excretion
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D Contractile vacuole iv Formed by engulfing the

food particles
7. A-iv, B-i, C-ii, D-iii
Column-I Column-II
A Power house of Cell I Chlorophyll
B Photosynthesis ii Starch
C Amyloplast iii Proteins
D Aleuroplast iv Mitochondria
8. A-iv, B-iii, C-i, D-ii

Column-I Column-II
A Chromatin I Flat membranous sacs

in stroma.
B Cisternae ii Infoldings in
mitochondria
C Thylakoidsii iii Disc shaped sacs in

Golgi apparatus
D Cristae iv Highly extended and

elaborate nucleoprotein
fibres
DIAGRAM BASED QUESTIONS ANSWERS
1. Identify the following cells :
(A) Red Blood
cells
(B) White blood
cells
(C) Columnar
epithelial cells
(D) Nerve cell
(E) Tracheid
(F) Mesophyll
cells
2. Given below is the diagram of plasma membrane. Identify the A Sugar

parts labelled A,B,C,D & E.
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B Protein
C Lipid bilayer
D Cholesterol
E Integral
Protein
3. From the given figure identify the A,B,C and D A - Nuclear pore
B - Ribosome
(RER)
C- SER
D – Cytoplasma
4. From the given figure identify the A,B,C,D,E and F
A - Plasma
membrane
B - Peripheral
microtubule
C- Central
sheath
D-Radial spoke
E - Central
bridge
F - Central
microtubule
5. From the given figure identify A, B, C and D A - Cristae

B-
Intermembrane
space
C-Inner
membrane
D- Outer
membrane
6. From the given figure identify A, B, C and D
A - Stroma
B - Outer
membrane
C- Stroma
lamella
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D - Thylakoid
7. Identify the parts labelled in given diagrams : X-Kinetochore

a)
b) A→ Short arm,
B→ Long arm,
C→Centromere
c) A→ Satellite
B→Secondary
Constriction
C→Centromere
BIOMOLECULE
Q.N QUESTIONS ANSWERS
o.
1. For the extraction of biomolecule from living tissue. This Trichloroacetic acid
tissue has to be grind in which chemical? (C,CCOOH)
2. If the tissue is fully burnt the remaining ash Inorganic elements
contain______
3. In amino acid, the central carbon which contains an a-carbon
amino group and acidic group is called ___________
4. Amino acids are substituted_______ Methanes
5. A variable group is attached on a-carbon in amino acid -R group
called____
6. How many amino acids are used in protein synthesis ? 20
7. If the -R group in proteinaceous amino acid is hydrogen Glycine
then the amino acid is___
8. Find the name of following amino acid Serine
COOH
H-C-NH2
СН2-ОН
9. Match the columns (i)-b, (ii)-c, (iii) a

A B
(i) Glutamic acid a Basic amino acid
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(ii) Valine b Acidic amino acid

(iii) Lysine c Neutral amino acid
10. Match the columns (i)-b, (ii)-c, (iii)-a, (iv) d
A) Element B) % of weight in
human body
(i) Carbon (C) a 65.0
(ii) Hydrogen (H) b 18.5
(iii) Oxygen (0) c 0.5
(iv) Sodium (Na) d 0.2
11. NH+3-CH-COO- given structure represent which form of Zwitter ionic form
amino acid?
12. Lipids are generally___in water (soluble / insoluble) insoluble
13. A fatty acid has two groups, -R group and____ Carboxyl group (-
COOH)
14. How many number of carbon atoms are present in 16
palmitic acid including carboxyl carbon ?
15. If the fatty acid contains one or more double bonds Unsaturated fatty acid
between C-C atoms then it is___
16. Trihydroxy propane is also called___ Glycerol
17. Lipids are classified into fat or oil on the basis of their Melting point
18. In monoglycerides, glycerol attached with fatty acid Ester bond
molecule by which bond ?
19. The melting point of oil is ___(low / high) Low
20. Which type of lipid is found in cell membrane ? Phospholipid
21. Write the name of following lipid Lecithin (Phospholipid)
22. Living organisms have a number of carbon compounds in Adenine, thymine,
which heterocyclic rings can be found. Some of these are guanine, cytosine,
nitrogenous bases____ uracil
23. Nitrogenous base + sugar =___ Nucleoside
24. Nitrogenous base + sugar + phosphate =_____ Nucleotide
25. Identify the following bonds - A=N-Glycosidic bond,
B=Ester bond
26. Match the columns (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i),
A B (d)-(i)
(a) Thymidine i Simplest amino acid
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(b) Guanylic acid ii Lipid

(c) Cholesterol iii Nucleotide
(d) Glycine iv Nucleoside
27. Identify the following compound Uracil N-base
(pyrimidine)
28. Match the columns

A B (a)-(iii), (b)-(ii), (c)- (iv),
(a) Pigment i Morphine (d)-(i)
(b) Toxin ii Ricin
(c) Drug iii Carotenoids
(d) Alkaloids iv Vinblastin
29. Molecular weight of biomicromolecule approx___ (Less Less than 1000 dalton
than 1000 dalton/more than 1000 dalton)
30. Match the columns (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i)
(A) Protein (B) Function
(a) Collagen i Hormone
(b) GLUT-4 ii Intercellular ground
substance
(c) Insulin iii Glucose transport
into cell
31. In a polypeptide chain amino acids are linked together by Peptide bond
which bond?
32. Most abundant protein in animal world is____ Collagen
33. Polysaccharide that acts as store house of energy in Starch
plant tissue is____
34. Inulin is a polymer of Fructose
35. True/False
(i) A protein is a homopolymer not a heteropolymer False
(ii) RUBISCO is the most abundant protein in the whole True
biosphere
(iii) Cellulose is a homopolymer True
(iv) In polysaccharide chain (glycogen) the right end is
called non reducing end
False
(v) Starch has helical structure and it given iodine test
True
(vi) Cellulose contains a complex helical structure and
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can hold I2 False

(vii) Chitin is a heteropolymer False
36. Exoskeleton of Arthropods is made up of Chitin

37. deoxyribose sugar is present in DNA
38. Peptide bonds are formed between which groups of -COOH & -NH2
amino acids ?
39. The glycosidic bonds of polysaccharide are formed by Dehydration synthesis
which process?
40. The backbone of DNA chain is formed by____ Sugar-phosphate-sugar
chain
41. How many steps are involved in one complete turn of B- 10
DNA ?
42. The distance per base pair in B-DNA is___ 3.4 Å
43. Which structure provides the positional information of Primary structure
amino acid in a protein ?
44. The first amino acid in peptide chain is also called___ N-Terminal amino acid
45. Which protein form is necessary for the many biological Tertiary structure
activities?
46. When more than one polypeptide chains of tertiary Quatemary structure
structure are assembled together then called___
47. In adult human haemoglobin, how many protein chains 4 chains (2∝&2β)
are present?
48. Guanine is always base pair with Cytosine
49. Give one example of sulphur containing amino acid Cysteine
50. Match the following protein structure with their name
A B
(A) Structures
i d
ii b
iii a
(B) Name
iv c
(a) Primary structure (b) Secondary structure
(c) Tertiary structure (d) Quaternary
structure
1. Some nucleic acids that behave like enzymes, are Ribozymes
called__
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2. An active site of an enzyme is a_into which of the crevice or pocket

substrate fits.
3. Inorganic catalysts work efficiently at___ while enzymes High temperature, high
get damaged at____ temperature
4. ____is thus an important quality of those enzymes which Thermal stability
isolated from thermophilic organisms.
5. The substrate has to diffuse towards the 'active site.' Obligatory
There is thus, an___ formation of a 'ES' complex.
6. Inhibition of succinic dehydrogenase by malonate which Succinate
closely resembles the substrate __in structure.
7. All enzymes catalysing inter-converion of optical, Isomerases
geometric or positional isomers, are known as____
8. Prosthetic groups are___ compounds and are organic, tightly
distinguished from other cafactor in that they are___
bound to the apoenzyme.
9. High temperature destroys enzymatic activity because Denatured
proteins are__ by heat.
10. When the inhibitor closely resembles the substrate in its competitive inhibitor
molecular structure and inhibits the activity of the
enzyme,it is known as
11. Enzymes catalysing the linking together of two Ligases
compounds are known as___
12. Haem is the prosthetic group in __and __, which catalyse Peroxidase, catalase
the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide to water and
oxygen.
13. Enzymes are divided into __ classes each with__ 6,4-13, four
subsclasses and named according by a___ digit number.
14. Each enzymes shows the highest activity at a particular optimum, optimum
temperature and pH called the ___temperature and ___
pH respectively.
15. During the state where substrate is bound to the enzyme Transition state
active site, a new structure of the substrate called
structure is formed.
16. Enzymes eventually bring _____ the activation energy Down
barrier making the transition of 'S' to 'P' more easy.
TRUE /FALSE ANSWERS
1. Rate can also be called velocity if the direction is True
specified.
2. Co-factor play a crucial role in the catalytic activity of the True
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enzyme.
3. Transferases catalysing a transfer of hydrogen between a False
pair of substrate S and S.
4. Co-enzymes are organic compounds but their association True
with the apoenzyme is only transient.
5. Zinc is a cofactor for the proteolytic enzyme True
carboxypeptidase.
6. The power of enzymes is increadible indeed. True
7. In our skeletal muscle under aerobic conditions, lactic False
acid is formed.
8. Almost all enzymes are proteins. True
9. Stability is something related to energy status of the True
molecules or the structure.
10. Coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and True
NADP contain the vitamin niacin.
QUESTION ANSWERS
1. Which enzymes catalyse hydrolysis of ester, ether, Hydrolases
peptide and glycosidic bonds?
2. Which enzymes catalyse, removal of groups from Lyases
substrates by mechanisms other then hydrolysis leaving
double bonds?
1. Here A represent? Km
2. A- Activation energy
without enzyme.
B - Activation energy
with enzyme.
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CELL CYCLE AND CELL DIVISION

INTRODUCTION
QUESTIONS ANSWERS
1. Duration of cell cycle in yeast: 90 minutes
2. The phase when the actual cell division occurs : M-phase
3. The phase between two successive M-phase : Interphase
4. The phase corresponding to the interval between mitosis and G1 phase
initiation of DNA replication :
5. The phase which marks the period during which DNA S-phase
synthesis or replication takes place :
6. The cells that do not divide further exit G phase and enter in Quiescent/G0
an inactive stage called : stage
7. In plant, mitotic cell division is seen in the Diploid cells and
haploid cells
1. ___of cell cycle can vary from organism to organism and also Duration
from cell type to cell type.
2. The interphase lasts more than__ of the duration of cell cycle 95%
:
3. The M-phase starts with_(a)_corresponding to separation of a-Karyokinesis, b-
daughter chromosomes and usually ends with division of cytokinesis
cytoplasm called__(b)__ :
4. The interphase is the time during which the cell is preparing a-cell growth, b-
for division by undergoing both_(a)_ and __(b)__ in an DNA Replication
orderly manner :-
5. If the initial amount of DNA is denoted as 2C then it increases 4C
to in S-phase :
6. If the cell had diploid or 2n number of chromosomes at G1 Same (2n)
then after S-phase the number of chromosomes will be___
7. In animal cells, during S-phase (a) begins in the nucleus and a-DNA Replication,
(b) duplicates in the cytoplasm b-Centriole
8. Cells in G0 stage remain — but no longer proliferate unless metabolically

called on to do so active
TRUE OR FALSE ANSWERS
1. In 24 hour average duration of cell cycle of a human cell, cell True
division proper lasts for only about an hour.
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2. Cell growth is a continuous process while DNA replication True

occurs only during one specific stage in the cell cycle.
3. During prophase, proteins are synthesized in preparation for False
mitosis.
MITOSIS
QUESTIONS ANSWERS
1. Most dramatic period of cell cycle is - M-phase
2. Which stage of mitosis marked by initiation of condensation Prophase
of chromosomal materials?
3. In which stage of mitosis morphology of chromosome is most Metaphase
easily studied ?
4. The stage of mitosis in which splitting of centromeres occurs - Anaphase
5. The stage in which nuclear envelope and nucleolus reforms - Telophase

6. What is the simple precurser or of middle lamella? Cell plate
7. The type of division responsible for the growth of multicellular Mitosis
organisms -
8. At which phase of mitosis, chromatids move to opposite poles Anaphase
9. Give a suitable example of multinucleate condition Liquid endosperm
(syncytium) in which karyokinesis is not followed by in coconut
cytokinesis?
1. The number of chromosomes in the parent and progeny cells Mitosis
are same in___ division.
2. Chromosomes are moved to spindle equator in stage Metaphase
3. Two sister chromatids are held together by the____ of the Centromere
chromosome.
4. Each chromosome move away from the equatorial plate in __ Anaphase
stage.
5. Mitosis is usually restricted to the___ cells in animals. Diploid
6. Mitosis is also known as Equational division
7. __(a)__attach to __(b)__ of chromosomes in __(c)__ stage (a) Spindle fibres
and mod
(b)
Kinetochoresonight
(c) Metaphase
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8. Nucleolus, Golgibody and endoplasmic reticulum disappear (a) Prophase

during __(a)__ stage and reform during __(b)__ stage. (b) Telophase
1. Mitosis is also called as reductional division. False
2. Centriole begins to move towards opposite poles of the cell in False
anaphase.
3. Condensation of chromosomes is completed in metaphase. True
4. Small disc shaped structures at the surface of centromeres False
are called Chiasmata.
5. Each chromosome start to moves away from equatorial plate False
in telophase.
6. M-phase is the longest phase of cell cycle because False
karyokinesis occur in this phase.
7. In telophase stage chromosomes decondense and lose their True
individuality.
MEIOSIS
QUESTIONS ANSWERS
1. In which stage of meiosis, homologous chromosomes Anaphase 1
separate while sister chromatids remain associated at their
centromeres :
2. Pairing of homologous chromosomes occurs in : Zygotene
3. Complex structure formed during synapsis is called : Synaptonemal
complex
4. Enzyme required for crossing over : Recombinase
5. Dissolution of synaptonemal complex occur in : Diplotene
6. X-shaped structure (Chiasmata) appear in : Diplotene
7. Terminalisation of chiasmata occur in : Diakinesis
8. Which stage represent transition to metaphase in meiosis-I ? Diakinesis
1. Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between Non-sister
__chromatids of homologous chromosomes.
2. In oocytes of some vertebrates__stage can last for months or Diplotene
years.
3. During___stage nuclear membrane and nucleolus reappear, Telophase-I
cytokinesis follows and two cells are formed called dyad of
cells.
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4. During__stage bivalent chromosomes clearly appear as a Pachytene

tetrad.
5. The stage between meiosis-I and meiosis-II is called __and is Interkinesis
generally short lived.
1. Meiosis ensures the production of haploid phase in the life True
cycle of sexually reproducing organisms.
2. During interphase the chromosomes become gradually False
visible under the light microscope
3. Recombination between homologous chromosomes is True
completed by the end of pachytene.
4. Increase in the genetic variability in population of organisms True
from one generation to next occurs by meiosis
5. At the end of meiosis-I, four haploid daughter cells are False
formed.
1. Match the column-I and column II :
column-I column-Ii 1-b, 2-c, 3-d, 4-a
1 Centriole duplication a G2-phase
2 Quiescent stage b S-phase
3 Interval between M- c G0 phase
phase and S-phase
4 Second gap phase d G1-phase
2. column-I column-II
1 Duration of M-phase a S-phase 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
2 DNA replication b 5%
3 Duration of c G0-stage
Interphase
4 Metabolically active d 95%
cells but no longer
proliferation
1 Interphase i Condensation of A-iv, B-i, C-ii, D-iii
chromosomal material
2 Prophase ii Chromatids move to
opposite poles
3 Anaphase iii Spindle fibres attach to
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kinetochores of
chromosomes
4 Metaphase iv Resting phase
1 Telophase i Centriole move to A-ii, B-iii, C-iv, D-1
opposite poles
2 Metaphase ii Golgi complex and ER
reform
3 Anaphase iii Chromosome aligned
at metaphase plate
4 Prophase iv Splitting of
centromeres
1 Crossing over a Pachytene 1-a, 2-d, 3-e, 4-b,
2 Synapsis b Anaphase-II 5-c
3 Chiasmata appear c Diakinesis
4 Division of centromere d Zygotene
5 Terminalisation of e Diplotene
chiasmata
6. column-I column-II I - b, d, e
I Mitosis a Evolution II-a, c, f
II Meiosis b Cell repair
c Genetic variability
d Replacement of old cells
e Growth of multicellular
organisms.
f Conservation of specific
chromosome number of
each species
1.
Answer the following questions regarding the events carried

out in the labelled parts of the above given diagram. B
(1) DNA synthesis occurs in D
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(2) Condensation of chromosomal material takes place in

(3) Attachment of spindle fibres to kinetochores of E
chromosomes during D
(4) Initiation of the assembly of mitotic spindle during F
(5) Splitting of centromere and separation of chromatids in F
(6) Movement of chromatids to opposite poles during G
(7) Reformation of nucleolus, Golgi complex and ER occurs E
in
H
(8) Alignment of chromosomes along metaphase plate during
A,B,C
(9) Division of cytoplasm during
(10) Preparation of cell division takes place during
2. Match the following column-I and column II
column-I column-II I-(b)
I a Metaphase II-(a)
II b Late prophase III-(d)
III c Transition to IV-(e)
metaphase V-(c)
IV d Anaphase
V e Telophase
3. Identify the following figures : (A) Anaphase-I

(B) Metaphase-I
(C) Prophase-I
1. TRANSPORT IN PLANTS
QUESTIONS ANSWERS
1. What kind of substances are need to be transport in Water, mineral nutrients,
flowering plants? organic nutrients and plant
growth regulators
2. Transport over long distances proceeds through the Translocation
vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) and is called.
3. What kind of parameter(s) affect(s) the rate of diffusion. i= concentration gradient,
ii= membrane
permeability,
iii = temperature
iv= pressure
4. Movement of hydrophilic substances according to the Facilitated diffusion
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concentration gradient with the help of membrane

proteins without expenditure of energy is called
5. Water channels are made up of different types of Aquaporins
6. Proteins that form huge pores in the outer membrane Porins
of the plastids, mitochondria and some bacteria
allowing molecules upto the size of small proteins to
pass through, are
7. When all the protein transporters are being used maximum
(saturation) then transport rate reaches at its
8. A transport which is carried out by membrane proteins Active transport
and uses energy to pump molecules against a
concentration gradients is
9. Which are the two main components that determine (i) Solute potential
water potential? (ii) Pressure potential
10. What is water potential of pure water at standard Zero (0)
temperatures which is not under any pressure.
11. Lowering in magnitude of water potential due to Solute potential (ψs)
dissolution of a solute is called
12. For a solution at atmospheric pressure, ψw(water Solute potential ( ψp)
potential) is equal to
13. When water enters a plant cell due to diffusion causing Pressure potential
a pressure built against the cell wall makes it turgid.
This increases the
14. Which causes the negative pressure potential in xylem Transpiration pull
?
15. If a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure Increases
applied to pure water or a solution then water potential
16. What is the relation between water potential, solute ψw = ψs+ ψp
potential, and pressure potential
17. Diffusion of water across a differentially or semi- Osmosis
permeable membrane is known as
18. What occupies the space between the cell wall and the Hypertonic solution
shrunken protoplast in the plasmolysed cell?.
19. The pressure which is responsible for enlargement and Turgor pressure
extension of cells is
20. What would be the Ψp of a flaccid cell? Zero (0)
21. The pressure responsible for emerge out of seedlings Imbibition pressure.
from the soil is
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22. For imbibition the parameter(s) which are required (i) Water potential
between the adsorbant and the liquid imbibed. gradient
(ii) Affinity
23. The movement of a molecule across a typical plant cell 1.58 x 10-3 year
(about 50um) takes approximately 2.5S. At this rate
calculate how many years it would take for the
movement of molecules over a distance of Im within a
plant by diffusion alone?
24. Movement of substances in bulk or en mass from one Mass flow or Bulk flow
point to another as a result of pressure differences
between the two points is called
25. The bulk movement of substances through the Translocation
conducting or vascular tissues of plants is called.
26. Movement of chloroplast due to cytoplasmic streaming Cells of hydrilla leaf
can be a observed in
27. Endodermis is impervious to water because of a band Casparian strip
of suberised matrix called
28. What is the symbiotic association of a fungus with a Mycorrhiza
root system of higher plants.
29. Name a plant seed having obligate association with the Pinus seeds
mycorrhiza means that can not germinate and establish
without the presence of mycorrhiza.
30. As various ions from the soil are actively transported Root pressure
into the vascular tissues of roots, then water follows
(it's potential gradient) and increase the pressure inside
the xylem. This positive pressure is called
31. Excess water collects in the form of droplets around Guttation
special openings of veins near the tip of grass blades
and leaves of many herbaceous parts. Such water loss
is known as
32. From which compound plants obtain their carbon and CO2
most of their oxygen.
33. In root endodermis, layer of which substance provide Suberin
ability to actively transport ions in one direction only.
34. The chief sinks for the mineral elements in plants are Growing regions of the
plant (eg. apical and
lateral meristems, young
leaves, developing flowers
fruits and seeds)
35. From which part mineral ions are frequently Older/senescing parts
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remobilised?
36. Write the elements which are most readily mobilised Phosphorus, sulphur,
from senescent parts. nitrogen, potassium and
magnesium
37. The main component of phloem sap is Water and sucrose
38. Which substances are translocated through phloem. Sugar, hormones and
amino acids
39. Which cell's turgidity causes opening or closing of Gaurd cells
stomata
40 Name the external factors which affect the rate of Temperature, light,
transpiration humidity and Wind speed
41. Plant factors that affect transpiration include Number and distribution of
stomata, percent of open
stomata, water status of
the plant and canopy
structure.
42. The ability of water to rise in thin tubes is known as Capillarity
43. The phenomenon in which water molecules are Surface tension
attracted to each other in the liquid phase more than to
water in the gas phase, is known as
44. An ability to resist a pulling force of water (tensile Cohesion, adhesion and
strength) is depends upon surface tension
45. The accepted mechanism used for the translocation of Pressure flow hypothesis
sugar from source to sink, is called
46. Name the experiment which is used to identify tissues Girdling experiment
from which food is transported.
47. Comparison of different mechanisms of transport : A = No,
Property Simple Facilitated Active B = Yes
diffusion transport transport
Requires special A B B
membrane
proteins
Highly selective A B B
Transport A B B
saturates
Uphill transport A A B
Requires ATP A A B
energy
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1. Over small distances substances move by A= diffusion,
..........(A)........ and by .........(B).......... supplemented B = cytoplasmic
by.................(C) streaming,
C = active transport
2. In rooted plants, transport in xylem (of water and A = Unidirectional
minerals) is essentially .......(A)........ from roots to the B = Multidirectional
stems. Organic and mineral nutrients however undergo
..........(B)........ transport.
3. When any plant part undergoes senescence A = nutrients
.......(A)......... may be withdrawn from such regions and B = growing parts
moved to the .......(B)......
4. In diffusion molecules move in .........(A)........., the net A = random fashion
result being substances moving from regions of B = higher concentration
...........B......... to regions of ......(C)...
C = lower concentration
5. Substances .........(A)........ in lipids diffuse through the A = soluble
membrane faster while substances that have a B = hydrophilic
.......(B)....... find if difficult to moiety pass through the
membrane.
6. The proteins form channel in the membrane for A = always
molecules to pass through. Some channels are B = controlled
.......(A)........ open and others can be ..........(B).........
7. Water is often the limiting factor for plant growth and A = agricultural
productivity in both ......(A)........ and .......(B)....... B= natural environments
8. The greater the concentration of water in a system the A = kinetic energy
greater is its ..........(A)......... or ...........(B)........ B = water potential
9. Water will move from the system containing water at A= higher water
......(A)..... to potential the one having .........(B).......... B = low water potential
10. The more the solute molecules the ..........(A)......... is A = lower (more negative)
the solute potential (Ψs)
11. The net direction and rate of osmosis depends on both A = pressure gradient
the ......(A)....... And .........(B).......... B = concentration
gradient
12. If the external solution balances the osmotic pressure A= isotonic
of the cytoplasm then it is said to be ..........(A)......
13. Cells swell in .........(A)......... and shrink in .......(B)........ A= hypotonic solution
B= hypertonic solution
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14. When water moves out from cell then it is first lost from A= cytoplasm
the ........(A)........ and then from the ...........(B)......... B = vacuole
15. Bulk flow can be achieved either through a ......(A)........ A=positive hydrostatic
or a ......(B)...... pressure gradient (eg.
garden hose)
B-negative hydrostatic
pressure gradient (eg,
suction through a straw)
16. Mass flow of water occurs due to ........(A)....... and A = adhesive
.........(B).... properties of water. B = cohesive
17. The ...........(A)......... system is the system of A = symplastic
interconnected protoplasts. Neighbouring cells are B= plasmodesmata
connected through cytoplasmic strands that extend
through ........(B).........
18. The fungus provides ..........(A)........ to the roots in turn A= minerals and water
the roots provide ..........(B)....... compounds to the B = sugar and N-
fungus. containing
19. Effects of root pressure is also observable at A = night
......(A)........and ...........(B).......... when evaporation is B = early morning
low.
20. The greatest contribution of root pressure is to A= re-establish
........(A).........the continuous chains of water molecules B = transpiration pull
which often break by .......(B)....
21. Transpiration is the __(A)__ of water by plants. It A = evaporative loss
occurs mainly through the (B) in the leaves. B = stomata
22. Normally stomata are ___(A)___ in the day time and A = open
___(B)___ during the night. B = close
23. In the cell walls of the guard cells cellulose microfibrils A = radially
are oriented __(A)__ rather than__(B)__ making B= longitudinally
stomata easier to open.
24 Mutual attraction between water molecules is_(A)__ A = cohesion
while attraction of water molecules to polar surfaces B = adhesion
(such as the surface of tracheary elements) is called
__(B)__.
25. The evolution of the C, photosynthetic system is A = CO2
probably one of the strategies for maximising the B = water
availability of ___(A)__ while minimising __(B)__ loss.
26. Most of the minerals enter into the cytoplasm of A = active absorption
epidermal cells of root by __(A)__ while some ions
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move__(B)__ into the epidermal cells. B = passively

27. Transport proteins of root endodermal cells are control A = quantity
points where a plant adjusts the__(A)__ and __(B)__ of B = types
solutes that reach the xylem.
28. Unloading of mineral ions occur at the fine vein endings A = diffusion
through __(A)__ and __(B)__ by sink cells. B = active uptake
29. Some of the nitrogen travels as __(A)__ but much of it A = inorganic ions (NO-2)
is carried in the (B) as amino acids and related B = organic forms
compounds.
30. During early spring roots act as a __(A)__ of food while A = source
buds of trees act as a __(B)__ . B = sink
31. The direction of movement in the phloem is __(A)__ A = bi-directional
while in the xylem movement is always (B). B = unidirectional
TRUE AND FALSE ANSWERS
1. Hormones or plant growth regulators and other True
chemical stimuli are also transported though in very
small amounts, sometimes in a strictly polarised or
unidirectional manner.
2. Compounds from storage organs are never re- False
exported.
3. Diffusion is the only means of gaseous movement True
within the plant body
4. Energy expenditure takes place in diffusion. False
5. The diffusion rate depends on the size of the True
substances.
6. Diffusion is a slow process and is not dependent on a True
living system.
7. Facilitated diffusion and active transport both shows True
transport saturation.
8. Like enzymes, carrier proteins are not very specific to False
respective transport molecules.
9. Facilitated diffusion and active transport both are True
affected by inhibitors those react with protein's side
chain of transporters.
10. Water is essential for all physiological activities of the True
plant and plays a very important role in all living
organisms.
11. The protoplasm of the cells is nothing but water in True
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which different molecules are dissolved and several

particles are suspended.
12. Terrestrial plants take up huge amount of water but False
very less is evaporated from the leaves in
transpiration.
13. Most herbaceous plants have only about 10 to 15 True
percent of it's fresh weight as dry matter
14. Water potential is denoted by the Greek symbol Psi(Ψ) True
and is expressed in pressure units such as pascals
(Pa).
15. Contents of vacuole does not contribute to the solute False
potential of the cell
16. Study the given figure carefully and select the true and
false statement(s) regarding it,
(a) Solution of chamber B has a lower water potential. True

(b) Solution of chamber A has a lower solute potential. False
(c) Osmosis occurs from chamber A to B. True
(d) Solution of chamber B has a higher solute False
potential.
(e) At equilibrium both chambers have equal water
potential. True
(f) If one chamber has a y of -2000 kPa and the other -
1000 kPa then chamber with y of -1000 kPa has the True
higher Ψ
17. Study the given figure carefully and select the true and
false statement(s) in this demonstration.
(a) Numerically this external pressure in figure (b) is

equivalent to the osmotic potential of a solution, but the
sign is opposite. True
(b) Osmotic pressure is due to the solute
concentration. True
18. Because of the rigidity of cell wall the cell does not True
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rupture.
19. The process of plasmolysis is usually irreversible. False
20. In mass flow substances whether in solution or in True
suspension are swept along at the same pace as in
flowing river.
21. Root hairs are thin-walled slender extensions of root True
epidermal cells that are present in millions of number at
the root.
22. Water is absorbed alongwith mineral solutes by the True
root hairs, purely by diffusion.
(here please note that osmosis is also a special type of
diffusion)
23. Symplastic movement may be aided by cytoplasmic True
streaming.
24. Most of the water flow in the roots occurs via the False
apoplast since the cortical cells are closely packed
25. Most plants meet their need of water transport by root False
pressure.
26. Cohesion-tension-transpiration pull model explain that True
water is mainly 'Pulled' through the plant.
27. Water is transient in plants, less than 1 percent of the True
water reaching the leaves is used in photosynthesis
and plant growth
28. The inner wall of each guard cell towards the pore or True
stomatal aperture is thick and elastic
29. Transpiration helps to transport minerals from the soil True
to all parts of the plant
30. Transpiration maintains the shape and structure of the True
plants by keeping cells turgid.
31. C4 plants are twice as efficient as C3 plants in terms of True
fixing True carbon (making sugar)
32. C4 plant loses only half as much water as a C3 plant for True
the same True amount of CO2 fixed
33. Minerals are present in the soil as charged particles
(ions) which can move across cell membrane easily.
34. The concentration of minerals in the soil is usually True
lower than the concentration of minerals in the root.
35 Small amounts of P and S are carried as organic True
compounds.
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36. Xylem transports only inorganic nutrients while phloem

transports only organic materials.
37 The process of loading at the source produces a True
hypertonic condition in the phloem.
38. At loading sugars are actively transported in the True
phloem.
39. Between loading & unloading transport of sugar is True
assisted by turgor pressure that built up within phloem
tissue.
1. Find the solution A,B and C in which different plant A = Hypertonic are placed.
cells B = Isotonic
C = Hypotonic
2. Given figure shows pathway of water movement in the A = Epidermis
root. Identify the labelled parts and select the right B = Cortex
option about them
C = Endodermis
D = Pericycle
I = Plasmodesmata
II = Cell wall
III = Casparian strip
3. Identify the correct labelling regarding water and ion A = Symplastic path
absorption and movement in roots. B = Apoplastic path
C = Xylem
D = Phloem
4. Choose the correct terms for labelled parts in the given A = Microfibrils
figure. B = Guard cell
C = Stomatal aperture
5. Study the given figure of water movement in the leaf I ⇢ II
and mark the correct series of pressure gradient that
occurs during transpiration
(I) Pressure gradient between the outside air and the

air spaces of the leaf.
(II) Pressure gradient between photosynthetic cells and
on the water filled xylem in the leaf vein.
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6. From the given figure of facilitated diffusion identify I, II, I = Uniport

III and IV II = Antiport
III = Symport
IV = Carrier protein
7. Find the mean or method of transport shown in Facilitated diffusion

following diagram
8. Match the column-I to the column-II

column-I column-II A = i, ii, iii
A Xylem i Water and mineral salts B = iii, iv, v
B Phloem ii Roots to aerial parts
iii Mainly leaves to other
parts
iv Some organic nitrogen
and hormones
v Variety of organic and
inorganic solutes
.
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2. MINERAL NUTRITION IN PLANTS

QUESTIONS ANSWERS
1. First of all who demonstrate that plants can be grow to Julius von sachs
maturity in a defined nutrient solution in complete absence
of soil ?
2. Technique of growing plants in a nutrient solution is known Hydroponics
as
3. On what basis plant elements are divided into Quantitative requirements
macronutrients and micronutrients ?
4. What is the source of carbon hydrogen and oxygen in Co2 and H2O
plants?
5. Find the aount of macronutrients and trace elements that Macronutrients > 10m mole
is present in plant tissues. kg of dry matter
Micronutrients < 10m mole
kg of dry matter
6. Macronutrients are : C,H,O,N,P,S,K,Ca, Mg.
7. Micronutrients are : Fe, Mn, Cu, Mo,
Zn,B,CI,Ni
8. Deficiency symptom of relatively immobile elements (e.g. Young tissue
Ca) first appear in
9. Deficiency symptom of mobile elements (e.g. N, Mg, K, P) Old tissue
first appear in
10 The concentration of the essential element below which Critical concentration
. plant growth is retarded is termed as
11 Name the element which is an activator of RuBisCO and Mg
. PEPcase.
12 Any mineral ion concentration in tissues that reduces the Toxic concentration
. dry weight of tissues by about 10% is known as
13 Manganese toxicity causes Brown spots surrounded by
. chlorotic veins
14 Excess of manganese may induce deficiency of Fe, Mg, Ca
.
15 If radioisotopes of minerals are supplied to soil then which Xylem
. vascular tissue helps to translocate them in plant body?
16 The process of conversion of nitrogen (N2) to ammonia is Nitrogen fixation
. termed as
17 Find the name of bacteria in following reactions : (A) = Nitrosomonas
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. (i) 2NH3- + 302 ⟶ 2NO2- + 2H- + 2H20 Nitrococcus

(ii) 2NO2 + 02 ⟶ 2NO 3
-
(B) = Nitrobacter
(iii) 2NO3- + 10e- + 12H+ ⟶ N2 +6H2O (C) = Pseudomonas,
Thiobacillus
18 Nitrifying bacteria are Chemoautotrophs

.
19 The enzyme nitrogenase which is capable of nitrogen Prokaryotes
. reduction present in
20 Name the organisms which are free living but as Rhizobium and Frankia
. symbionts can fix atmospheric nitrogen
21 Frankia form symbiotic association with Roots of non leguminous
. plants (eg. Alnus)
22 Nodules of legume contain an oxygen scavenger called Leg haemoglobin
.
23 How many ATP are required for formation of one NH, in 8ATP
. biological nitrogen fixation.
24 At physiological pH the ammonia is protonated to form NH4+ (ammonium) ion
.
25 Name the given reaction and enzyme involved in it. - Reductive amination
. ∝-ketoglutaric acid + NH4+ + NADPH ⟶ glutamate + H2O +
NADP -Glutamate dehydrogenase
26 Name the given reaction and enzyme involved in it -Transamination
. - Transaminase
27 Write the two most important amides that are found in Asparagine and glutamine
. plants
28 Name the compounds that have a high nitrogen to carbon Ureides
. ratio and are transported form of nitrogen in some plants.
1. Some plant species can accumulate __(A)__ and __(B)__ A = selenium
while some plants growing near nuclear test sites take up B = gold
__(C)__
C = radioactive strontium
2. Essential element must be absolutely necessary for A = normal growth
supporting __(A)__ and __(B)__ B = reproduction
3. The requirement of the essential element must be A = specific
__(A)__ and not replaceable by another __(B)__. B = element
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4. The movement of ions is usually called flux; the inward A = influx

movement into the cells is __(A)__ and outward movement B = efflux
is __(B)__.
5. Soil not only supplies __(A)__ but also harbours__(B)__, A = minerals
other microbes, holds water, supplies air to the roots and B = nitrogen fixing bacteria
acts a __(C)__ that stabilises the plant.
C = matrix
6. Nitrogen is a limiting nutrient for both__(A)__ and __(B)__ A = natural
ecosystems. B = agricultural
TRUE & FALSE FALSE
1. Study the given figure carefully and select true & false
statement regarding it (From i to iv)
(i) By this method essential elements were identified and True

their deficiency symptoms discovered.
(ii) This technique can be used for commercial production
of vegetables such as tomato, seedless cucumber and True
lettuce.
(iii) From figure A, if aeration tube is removed then growth False
of plants will not be affected.
(iv) In figure B, pump is used to circulate nutrient solution
True
from a reservoir to the elevated end of the tube.
2. More than sixty elements of the 105 discovered so far are True
found in different plants.
3. The essential element must be directly involved in the True
metabolism of the plant.
1. Study the given figure of nitrogen cycle that shows the A=Biological N2 fixation
relationship between the three main nitrogen pools - B=Ammonification
atmosphere, soil and biomass and find labelled part A, B,
C&D C = Electrical nitrogen
fixation
D-Denitrification
2. Study the given figure which shows the
development of root nodules in soybean. Match
the correct explanation and find the correct
sequence for labelled diagrams.
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A-I → B-IV → C-III →

(i)Rhizobium bacteria contacting a susceptible D-II
root hair.
(ii) A mature nodule having vascular connection with roots.
(III) Infection thread carrying bacteria to the inner cortex.
(IV) Curling of root hair due to successful infection.
1. Match the column I with column II :
Column-I Column-II
(A) Macronutrients (i) Constituent of thiamine, A-iv, B-i, C-v, D-iii, E - ii
biotin coenzyme and ferredoxin
(B) Sulphur (ii) Ring structure of chlorophyll
and ribosome structure
(C) Phosphorus (iii) Required by meristematic
and differentiating tissues
(D) Calcium (iv) Maintain an anion-cation
balance
(E) Magnesium (v) Required for
phosphorylation reactions
2. Match the column I with column II
Column-I (Micronutrient) Column-II (Function)
(A) Iron (i) Nitrogen metabolism A-iii, B-iv, C-ii, D-v, E-i
(B) Manganese & chlorine (ii) Activate carboxylases
(C) Zinc (iii) Activate catalase
enzyme
(D) Boron (iv) Photolysis of water
(E) Molybdendum (v) Pollen germination
and carbohydrate translocation

Column-I (Deficiency symptoms) Column-II
(Group of elements)
(A) Chlorosis (i) N, K, Mg, Mn, A-i, B-ii, C-iii, D-iv
Fe, S, Zn & Mo
(B) Necrosis (ii) Ca, Mg, Cu&K
(C) Inhibition of (iii) N, K, S& Mo
cell division
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(D) Delay in flowering (iv) N, S & Mo

4. Match the column I with column II:
Column-I(Free living nitrogen fixers) Column-11
(Organism) A-ii, B-iii, C-i
(A) Aerobic microbes (i) Anabaena,
Nostoc
(B) Anaerobic microbes (ii) Azotobacter,
Beijernickia
(C) Cyanobacteria (ii)
Rhodospirillum, Bacillus
3. PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN HIGHER PLANTS
QUESTIONS ANSWERS
1. Process in which light energy is converted into chemical Physico-chemical
energy (organic compounds) is called process e.g.
Photosynthesis
2. An experimental setup to show that CO2 is essential for Moll's half leaf
photosynthesis is experiment
3. First of all who demonstrate that sunlight is essential for Jan Ingenhousz
photosynthesis in plants
4. Production of glucose takes place in green part of plant J.V. Sachs
is established by
5. A first action spectrum of photosynthesis was described T.W.Engelmann
by
6. Name the algae which was used to describe action Cladophora
spectrum of photosynthesis
7. Who demonstrate that photosynthesis is a light C.V. Niel
dependent reaction in which hydrogen from a suitable
oxidisable compound reduces carbon dioxide to
carbohydrate
2H2A + CO2 ⟶ 2A + CH2O + H2O
Also conclude , evolve during photosynthesis comes
from water not from carbon dioxide.
8. Name the pigment(s) which increases the absorption Chlorophyll b,
range for photosynthesis xanthophylls and
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carotenoids
9. Where are the protons and O2 , formed during splitting of In lumen of thylakoid
water, likely to be released.
10. Synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate in Photophosphorylation
presence of light is known as
11. Identify the A in the given figure of light reaction:- A = Electron transport
system
12. Write the requirements for chemiosmotic ATP synthesis Membrane

Proton pump
Proton gradient
ATPase
13. Name of the place where accumulation of protons occur Thylakoid lumen and
during chemiosmosis in chloroplast and mitochondria intermembrane space of
respectively. mitochondria
14. The phase that leads to synthesis of food (sugar) in Biosynthetic phase
photosynthesis is called.
15. The first stable product of Calvin cycle is 3-PGA
16. The first stable product in pathway is ОАА
17. How many Calvin cycles are required for formation of 6 cycles
one glucose ?
18. How many ATP and NADPH will be required to make 18 ATP and 12 NADPH
one glucose through the Calvin pathway?
19. When in plant leaves, chloroplast containing bundle Kranz anatomy (C4
sheath cells surrounds vascular bundles in several Plants)
layers that anatomy is known as
20. Write the characteristics of bundle sheath cells of C4 Large number of
plants chloroplast Thick walls
impervious to gaseous
exchanges
no intercellular spaces
21. Give the example of c4 plants Sugarcane, Maize and
Sorghum
22. Write the enzyme which is present most abundantly in RuBisCO

the world
23. For which substrate RuBisCO shows greater affinity ? CO2
24. Name the products of photorespiration which are the Phosphoglycerate and
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result of O2 binding to RuBP phosphoglycolate

25. Name the internal or plant factors that affect the rate of Number, size, age and
photosynthesis orientation of leaves,
mesophyll cells,
chloroplasts, internal CO2
concentration and the
amount of chlorophyll
26. Name the external factors that affect the rate of Availability of sunlight,
photosynthesis temperature, CO2
concentration and water
27. Blackman's law of limiting factor states that if a chemical Minimal value (at
process is affected by more than one factor, then it's suboptimal level)
rate will be determined by the factor which is nearest to
it's -
28 For which plants light is a limiting factor Plants in shade
29. Write the concentration of CO2 at which C3 and C4 C3 = 450 μlL-1
plants shows saturation respectively. C4= 360 μIL-1
30. Among light and dark reaction which reaction is more Dark reaction (more
temperature affected? enzymatic)
31. Write the effect of water stress on plants Reducing the surface
area of leaves and
metabolic activity and
causes stomatal closure.
1. In photosynthesis directly light driven reactions are A = light reactions
called __(A)__ while some reactions are depends on the B = dark reactions
products of light reaction (ATPand NADPH)
conventionally called as __(B)__.
2. Light reaction or the 'Photochemical phase include A = light absorption
__(a)__, __(B)__, __(C)__ and formation of __D__. B = water splitting
C = oxygen release
D = ATP and NADPH
3. In PS I the reaction centre chlorophyll a has an A = P700 700 nm,
absorption peak at hence is called __(A)__ while in PS II B = P680
it has absorption maxima at 680 nm and is called
__(B)__.
4. C4 plants are special. They have special type of__(A)__, A = leaf anatomy
they tolerate __(B)__, they show a response to C, they B= higher temperature
lack a process called __(D)__ and have greater
__(E)__. C = high light intensities
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D = photorespiration
E = productivity of
biomass
5. In the photorespiratory pathway, there is neither A = sugar
synthesis of __(A)__ nor of __(B)__. Rather it results in B = ATP
the release of __(C)__ with the utilization of __(D)__.
Therefore, photorespiration is a wasteful process. C = CO2
D = ATP
6. The plant or internal factors affecting photosynthesis are A = genetic
dependent on the __(A)__ and the __(A)__ of the plant. predisposition
B = growth
7. __(A)__ plants have a higher temperature optimum than A = tropical
the plants adapted to __(B)__ climates. B = temperate
8. Water stress causes stomata to __(A)__ hence reducing A = close
the __(B)__ availability. B=CO2
TRUE & FALSE ANSWERS
1. By observing given figure mark the statement true or
false.
By this experiment Priestley hypothesised that plant True

restore to the air whatever breathing animal and burning
candle remove.
Observe the following graphs carefully and select the
2. true or false statement regarding it
(i) Graph a indicates that at wavelengths of blue and red True

colour, chlorophyll a shows maximum absorption.
(ii) Graph b indicates that at wavelengths of blue and red
colour, plants shows maximum rate of photosynthesis. True
(iii) Graph c indicates complete one to one overlap
between the absorption spectrum of chlorophylla and
the action spectrum of photosynthesis.
False
3. Photosystem I (PS I) and photosystem II (PS II) are False
named in the sequence in which they function during the
light reaction.
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4. The chlorophyll a' molecule forms the 'reaction centre in True

photosystem
5. Calling the biosynthetic phase of photosynthesis as the True
dark reaction is a misnomer.
6. Observe the given diagrammatic representation of the A= Fixation
Hatch and Slack pathway and find out labelled parts and B = Decarboxylation
also choose true & false statements.
C = Regeneration
True
(i) In the diagram site of primary fixation lacks RuBisCO

enzyme. True
(ii) In mesophyll cell the transporting C4 acid may be
malic acid or aspartic acid True
(iii) The bundle sheath cells are rich in an enzyme
RuBisCO but lack PEP case.
1. Observe the given figure of ATP synthesis through (a) ➝ (b) ⇾ (c) ⇾ (d) ⇾
chemiosmosis and arrange the following events in (e)
correct sequence.
(a) Movement of e through H carrier

(b) Shifting of protons from stroma to Lumen
(c) Facilitated diffusion of protons across the membrane
(d) Conformational change in the F1 particle of the
ATPase
(e) Formation of ATP molecule
2. Observe the given figure that represents the section of
chloroplast and identify the labelled parts according to
their function.
A-i, B-ii, C-iii, D-iv, E-v, F-
vi, G-vii, H-viii
(i) More permeable membrane

(ii) Less permeable membrane
(iii) Site containing only P.S. I
(iv) Site containing both P.S. I & P.S. II
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(v) Site of dark reaction

(vi) Stored carbohydrate
(vii) Stored fat
(viii) Factory of protein
3. Observe the given figure of Calvin cycle and find the Steps АТР
name of steps and number of ATP and NADPH utilised and NADPH
in them for one molecule of CO2 A = Carboxylation Nil
Atmosphere B = Reduction
CO + H20 Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate 2АТР and
2NADPH
C = Regeneration
1АТР
4. Observe the given graph carefully and choose the
correct statements for labelled points. (A to E)
Points : All statements are correct

(A)- There is a linear relationship between incident light
and CO2 fixation rates.
(B)- It is a transition point where limiting factor changes.
(C)- At this region light intensity is not showing
detrimental effect on rate of photosynthesis.
(D)- It shows light saturation point sunlight except for
plants in shade or in dense forests.
(E)- This point show maximum rate of photosynthesis at
optimum presence of various parameters

Column-I(Intensity of light) Column-II (Alignment
of chloroplast) a-i, b-ii, c-iii
(a) High (i) Along the walls of
mesophyll cells
(b) Low (ii) Perpendicular to
light
(c) Moderate (iii) Dispersed
throughout the cytoplasm
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Column-I(Pigment) Column-II(Colour)
(a) Chlorophyll a (i) Yellow to yellow orange a-ii, b-iii, c-iv, d-i
(b) Chlorophyll b (ii) Bright or blue green
(c) Xanthophylls (iii) Yellow green
(d) Carotenoids (iv) Yellow
3. Comparison of C3 and C4 plants :

Characteristics C3 Plants C4 Plants Choose from
Cell type in which the Mesophyll Bundle Mesophyll/Bundle sheath /both

Calvin cycle takes place sheath
Cell type in which the Mesophyll Mesophyll Mesophyll/Bundle sheath /both

initial carboxylation
reaction occurs
How many cell types does One Two One: Mesophyll

the leaf have that fix CO2 Two: Bundle sheath and mesophyll.
?
Three: Bundle sheath, palisade,
spongy mesophyll
Which is the primary CO2 RuBP PEP RuBP/PEP/PGA 5/4/3

acceptor?
Number of carbons in the 5 3 5/4/3

primary Co, acceptor
Which is the primary CO2 PGA OAA PGA/OAA/RuBP/PET

fixation product?
No. of carbons in the 3 4 3/4/5

primary CO, fixation
product?
Does the plant have Yes Yes Yes/No/Not always

Rubisco?
Does the plant have PEP Yes Yes Yes/No/Not always
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Case?
Which cells in the plant Mesophyll Bundle Mesophyll/Bundle sheath/none

have Rubisco? sheath
CO2 fixation rate under Medium High Low/high/ medium

high Medium light
conditions
Whether photorespiration Negligible Negligible High/negligible/sometimes

is present at low light
intensities?
Whether photorespiration High Negligible High/negligible/sometimes

is present at high light
intensities?
Whether photorespiration High Negligible High/negligible/sometimes

would be present at low
CO, concentrations ?
Whether photorespiration Negligible Negligible High/negligible/sometimes

would be present at high
CO, concentrations ?
Temperature optimum 20-25°C 30-40°C 30-40 C/20-25C/above 40 C
Examples Wheat Rice Maize

Sugarcan
e
Sorghum
4. RESPIRATION IN PLANTS
QUESTIONS ANSWERS
1. Name the organism(s) that can prepare their own All green plants,
food by photosynthesis cyanobacteria and
some other
eubacteria
2. Name the site(s) where breakdown of complex Cytoplasm &
molecules takes place to yield energy mitochondria
3. The breakdown of the C-C bonds of complex Respiration
compounds through oxidation within the cells,
leading to release of considerable amount of energy
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is called.
4. Name the structures/organs in plants that are used Stomata & lenticels
for gaseous exchange
5. Write the reaction for complex combustion of glucose C6H12O6+ 6O2 ⟶
molecule 6CO2 + 6H2O +
Energy Glycolysis
6. All living organisms retain the enzymatic machinery Glycolysis
to partially oxidise glucose without the help of
oxygen. This breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid is
called.
7. Name the scientists who gave the scheme of Gustav Embden Otto
glycolysis Meyerhoff & J.
Parnas
8. Name the site of glycolysis in the cell Cytoplasm
9. How many ATP are directly synthesised in glycolysis 4ATP
from one glucose.
10. Write the names of three major ways in which Lactic acid
different cells handle pyruvic acid fermentation
Alcoholic
fermentation Aerobic
respiration
11. Write the enzymes which catalyse the conversion of Pyruvic acid
pyruvic acid to CO2 and ethanol decarboxylase
Alcohol
dehydrogenase
12. How much amount of energy is released in lactic Less than 7% of total
acid and alcoholic fermentation ? energy in glucose.
13. Write the enzyme & its coenzymes which catalyse Pyruvate
the following reaction :- Pyruvic acid + NAD+ ⟶ dehydrogenase,
AcetylCoA + CO2 + NADH NAD+, CoA, Mg2+,
TPP (Thiamine
pyrophosphate),
LA (Lipoic acid)
14. Name the process by which ATP is formed in Oxidative
electron transport system (ETS) in mitochondria. phosphorylation
15. How many ATP are gained during aerobic respiration 36 or 38 ATP
using one glucose
16. The ratio of the volume of CO, evolved to the volume Respiratory quotient
of O2 consumed in respiration is called. (RQ) or Respiratory
ratio
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17. Find the value of RQ when fats (e.g. Tripalmitin) are 0.7
used in respiration.
18. Find the value of RQ when respectively 1.0 and 0.9
carbohydrates and proteins are used in respiration.
1. Usually__(A)__ are oxidised to release energy A = carbohydrate
but__(B)__ and even __(C)__ can be used as B = proteins, fats
respiratory substances in some plants.
C = organic acids
2. During oxidation energy released in a series of slow A = enzymes
stepwise reactions controlled by _ __(A)__ and is B = chemical energy
trapped as __(B)__ in the form of __(C)__
C = ATP
3. The first cells on this planet lived in atmosphere that A = oxygen
lacked __(A)__
4. Fermentation takes place under__(A)__ conditions in A = anaerobic
many __(B)__ and unicellular __(C)__. B = prokaryotes
C = eukaryotes
5. Yeasts poison themselves to death when the 13%
concentration of alcohol reaches about____
6. In mitochondrial matrix pyruvate undergoes____ Oxidative
decarboxylation
7. TCA cycle starts with the condensation of acetyl A = oxaloacetic acid
group with__(A)__ and __(B)__ to yield citric acid. B = water
8. The metabolic pathway present in the inner electron transport
mitochondrial membrane through which the electron system (ETS)
passes from one carrier to another is called____
9. Oxidation of one molecule of NADH gives rise to A = three
___(A)___ molecules of ATP, while that of one B = two
molecule of FADH2 produces__(B)__molecules of
ATP.
10. If fatty acids were to be respired they would first be A = acetyl Co-A
degraded to __(A)___ and enter the pathway. B = PGAL
Glycerol would enter the pathway after being
converted to ___(B)__
11. Respiratory pathway is involved in both anabolism amphibolic pathway
and catabolism it would hence be better to consider
the respiratory pathway as an_____
TRUE & FALSE ANSWERS
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1. Energy released by oxidation in respiration is not True

used directly but is used to synthesise ATP.
2. ATP acts as the energy currency of the cell because True
it is broken down whenever (and wherever) energy
needs to be utilised.
3. Carbon skeleton produced during respiration. (Eg. a- True
ketoglutarate, OAA etc. intermediates) are used as
precursor for biosynthesis of other molecules in the
cell.
4. Plants do not require O, for respiration and they False
never give out CO2
5. Krebs cycle which is also called aerobic respiration True
requires O2 supply.
6. In mitochondrial matrix complete oxidation of True
pyruvate takes place in which all the hydrogen atoms
are removed, leaving three molecules of CO2
7. At inner membrane of mitochondria, passing on of True
the electrons removed as part of the hydrogen atoms
to molecular O2 with simultaneous synthesis of ATP
occurs.
80 Oxygen acts as the final hydrogen acceptor in True
electron transport chain of mitochondria.
9. In respiration, energy of oxidation reduction is True
utilised for the production of proton gradient required
for phosphorylation.
10. Cytochrome C(small protein) is attached to outer True
surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
11. Cytochrome Coxidase complex contains cyto-a & a3 True
and two copper centres.
12. When the electrons pass from one carrier to another True
via complex-I to IV in the electron transport chain,
they are coupled to ATP synthase (complex-V) for
the production of ATP from ADP and inorganic
phosphate.
13. Fermentation accounts for only a partial breakdown True
of glucose True whereas in aerobic respiration it is
completely degraded to CO2 and H2O.
14. NADH is oxidised to NAD rather slowly in True
fermentation, however True the reaction is very
vigorous in case of aerobic respiration.
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1. Identify A, B and C: A = Fatty acid and
glycerol.
B = Carbohydrate
C = Amino acids
2. In the given figure observe the steps of glycolysis X = ATP Y = ADP
and find out labelled parts : A = Glucose-6-
phosphate
B = Glyceraldehyde-
3-phosphate
C = Dihydroxy
acetone phosphate
D = 3-
phosphoglyceric acid
E=
Phosphoenolpyruvate
3. By observing following anaerobic respiratory A = NAD+
pathway find the labelled parts : B = NADH + H+
X=Lactate
dehydrogenase
4. Find the labelled parts in given cycle, that are X = CO2 A=
summarized in following equation. NAD+
B = NADH + H+ , C =
GDP,
D = GTP, E=FAD,
F = FADH2
5. Identify the A, B, C and D: A = Oxidation of
NADH by NADH
dehydrogenase
(complex-I)
B = Transfer of
electrons to
ubiquinone via
complex-I or
Dalsborde complex-II
(FADH)
C = Transfer of
electrons to
cytochrome C via
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cytochrome bc1
complex (complex-
III)
D = Oxidation of
cytochrome C by
cytochrome Coxidase
(complex-IV)
5. PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
QUESTIONS ANSWERS
1. An irreversible permanent increase in size of an organ or Growth

it's parts or even of an individual cell is called
2. Name the cells which have the capacity to divide & self- Meristematic cell
perpetuate
3. The form of growth where in new cells are always being Open form of growth
added to the plant body by the activity of the meristem is
called.
4. Name the meristems which appear later in life of Lateral meristems
dicotyledonous and gymnosperm plants and causes (Vascular cambium
increase in the girth of the organ in which they are active. and cork cambium)
5. Write the variety of parameters by which growth can be Fresh weight, dry
measured. weight, length, area,
volume, cell number
etc
6. Growth of a pollen tube is measured in terms of it's Length
7. The period of growth is generally divided into three meristematic,
phases namely elongation and
maturation phase
8. Which phase of growth is represented by root apex & Meristematic
shoot apex?
9. Write the characteristics of cells which are proximal to the Increased
meristematic zone vacuolation.
Cell enlargement
New cell wall
deposition
10. Cells of which phase attain maximum size in terms of wall Phase of maturation
thickening and protoplasmic modification?
11. The increased growth per unit time is termed as growth rate
12. Relative growth rate is the measure of the ability of the efficiency index
plant to produce new plant material so it is also referred
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as
13. All changes that an organism goes through during it's life development
cycle from germination of the seed to senescence is
called
14. Plants follow different pathways in response to plasticity
environment or phases of life to form different kinds of
structures this ability is called
15. Sum of growth and differentiation is considered as development
16. Write the intrinsic and extrinsic growth factors. Intrinsic = Genetic
(intracellular)
PGR (intercellular)
Extrinsic = light,
temperature, water,
oxygen and nutrition
17. Name the plant hormones which are involved in growth Auxin, Gibberellin,
promoting activities such as cell division, cell Cytokinin
enlargement, pattern formation, tropic growth, flowering,
fruiting and seed formation.
18. Plant hormones, which responses to wounds and ethylene and abscisic
stresses of biotic & abiotic origin & are also involved in acid
dormancy & abscission, are --
19. Name the hormone which influence the tip of coleoptile Auxin
and bend it towards light
20. Inhibitor B, abscission II and dormin are related to which Abscisic acid (ABA)
hormone?
21. Name the volatile substance which was confirmed by Ethylene
Cousins from ripened oranges.
22. Miller, F. Skoog and his co-workers are considered to Kinetin (Cytokinin)
discovery of
23. Name the hormone which is used extensively in Auxin
agricultural and horticultural practices and help to initiate
rooting in stem cutting during plant propagation.
24. In higher plants, the growing apical bud inhibits the apical dominance
growth of the lateral (axillary) buds, this phenomenon is
called
25. Write the process that results in the growth of lateral buds Decapitation
and widely applied in tea plantations and hedge making.
26. Write the hormone that induce parthenocarpy and also Auxin
controls xylem differentiation
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27. Write the hormone which increase the length of grapes, Gibberellin
stalks improves the shape of apple and speed up the
malting process in brewing industry.
28. Hormone which helps to produce new leaves, Cytokinin
chloroplasts in leaves, lateral shoot growth and
adventitious shoot formation.
29. A simple gaseous PGR synthesised by senescence Ethylene
tissue and ripening fruits.
30. Hormone which enhances the respiration rate during Ethylene
ripening of the fruits (respiratory climactic)
31. Name the hormone which promotes root growth and root Ethylene
hair formation.
32. The most widely used compound as source of ethylene is Ethephon
33. Hormone that promotes female flowers in cucumbers and Ethylene
increasing the yield.
34. Name the hormone which regulate abscission and Abscisic acid
dormancy.
35. Hormone that inhibits the plant metabolism and seed Abscisic acid
germination.
36. Flowering response of plants to periods of day/night is Photoperiodism
termed as
37 If flowering is either quantitatively or qualitatively Vernalisation
dependent on exposure to low temperature, this
phenomenon is termed as
1. __(A)__ is regarded as one of the most fundamental and
conspicuous characteristics of a living being. A = Growth
2. Growth at a cellular level is principally a consequence of A = protoplasm
increase in the amount of__(A)__
3. Single maize root apical meristem can give rise to more A = 17,500
than __A__ new cells per hour whereas cells in a B = 3,50,000
watermelon may increase in size by upto __B__ times
4. During differentiation cells undergo few to major structural A = cell wall
changes both in their__A__and __B_ B = protoplasm
5. In a plant, cell/tissues arising out of the same meristem A = open
have different structure at maturity it is known as " differentiation
__A___
6. Development in plants is under the control of A = intrinsic
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__A___and___B__factors B = extrinsic
7. Auxin was isolated by __A_ from tips of coleoptiles of oat A = F.W. Went
seedlings
8. The bakane (foolish seedling), a disease of rice seedlings Gibberella fujikuroi
was caused by a fungal pathogen.
9. Cytokinins help overcome the __A__ They promote A = apical dominance
__B__ which helps in the delay of leaf senescence B = nutrient
mobilisation
10. Influence of ethylene on plant include __A__of seedlings, A = horizontal growth
__B__and__C__ in dicot seedlings. B - swelling of the
axis
C = apical hook
formation
11. Ethylene promotes __ A__ and __B__ of plant organs A = senescence
especially of leaves and flowers. B = abscission
12. __ A__ promotes rapid internode/petiole elongation in A = Ethylene
deep water rice plants.
13. ___A__ stimulates the closure of stomata in the A = ABA
epidermis and increase the tolerance of plants to various
kinds of stresses.
14. Abscisic acid acts as an antagonist to____ gibberellic acid
15. The site of perception of light/dark duration are the__ leaves
16. Hormonal substance migrates from leaves to shoot inductive photo
apices for inducing flowering only when the plants are period
exposed to the necessary___
TRUE AND FALSE ANSWERS
1. All cells of a plant are descendents of the zygote. True
2. The leaves, flowers and fruits of the same tree not only have True
limited dimensions but also appear and fall periodically and
some time repeatedly.
3. Development of a mature plant from a zygote (Fertilized egg) True
follow a precise and highly ordered succession of events.
4. Plants retain the capacity for unlimited growth throughout their True
life.
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19. Name the hormone which influence the tip of celeoptile and Auxin
bend it towards light
20. Inhibitor B, abscission II and dormin are related to which Abscisic acid
hormone? (ABA)
21. Name the volatile substance which was confirmed by Ethylene

Cousins from ripened oranges.
22. Miller, F. Skoog and his co-workers are concered to Kinetin

discovered to discovery of (Cytokinin)
23. Name the hormone which is used extensively in agriculture Auxin

and horticulture practice and helps to initiate rooting in stem
cutting during plant .
24. In higher plants, the growing apical bud inhibits the growth Apical
of the lateral (axillary) buds, this phenomenon is called dominance
25. Write the process that results in the growth of lateral buds Decapitation
and widely applied in tea plantations and hedge making.
26. Write the hormone that induce parthenocarpy and also Auxin
controls xylem differentiation
27. Write the hormone which increases the length of grapes, Gibberellin
stalks improves the shape of apple and speed up the
malting process in brewing industry.
28. Hormone which helps to produce new leaves, chloroplasts Cytokinin
in leaves, lateral shoot growth and adventitious shoot
formation.
29. A simple gaseous PGR synthesised by senescence tissue Ethylene

and ripening fruits.
30. Hormone which enhances the respiration rate during Ethylene

ripening of the fruits (respiratory climactic)
31. Name the hormone which promotes root growth and hair Ethylene
root formation.
32. The most widely used compound as source of ethylene is Ethephon
33. Hormone that promotes female flowers in cucumbers and Ethylene
increasing the yield.
34. Name the hormone which regulates abscission and Abscisic acid
dormancy.
35. Hormone that inhibits the plants metabolism and seed Abscisic acid
germination.
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Flowering response of plants to periods of days/ night is Photoperiodism

36. termed as
37. If flowering is either quantitatively or qualitatively dependent Vernalisation
on exposure to low temperature, this phenomenon is
termed as
FILL IN THE BLANKS ANSWER
1. _(A)_ is regarded as one of the most fundamental and A= Growth

conspicuous characteristics of a living being.
2. Growth at a cellular level is principally a consequence of A=protoplasm

increase in the amount of _(A)_
3. Single maize root apical meristem can give rise to more A= 17,500
then _A_ new cells per hour whereas cells in a watermelon B= 3,50,000
may increase in size by upto _B_ times
4. During differentiation cells undergo few to major structural A=cell wall

changes both their _A_ and _B_5 B=
protoplasm
5. In a plant, cell/tissues arising out to the same meristem A= open

have different structure at maturity it is known as _A_. differentiation
6. Development in plants is under the control of A= intrinsic

_A_ and _B_ factors B= extrinsic
7. Auxin was isolated by _A_ fr A= F.W. Went

om tips of coleoptiles of oat seedlings
8. The bakane (foolish seeding), a disease of Gibberellafujikuroi
rice seedlings was caused by a fungal
pathogen______
9. Cytpkinins helps overcome the_A_. They A= apical dominance

promotes __B__ which helps in the delay of B= nutrient mobilisation
leaf senescence.
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10. Influence of ethylene on plants A=horizontal growth

include__A__ of seedlings, __B__ and B= swelling of the axis
__C__ in dicot seedlings. C= apical hook formation
11. Ethylene promotes __A__ and __B__ of A= senescence

plant organs especially of leaves and B= abscission
flowers.
12. __A__ promotes rapid intermode/petiole A= Ethylene
elongation in deep water rice plants.1
13. __A__ stimulates the closure of stomata in A= ABA

the epidermis and increase the tolerance of
plants to various kinds of stresses.
14. Abscisic acid acts as an antagonist to__ Gibberellic acid
15. The site of perception of light/dark duration leaves

are the__.
16. Hormonal substance migrates from leaves Inductive photo period

to shoot apices for inducing flowering only
when the plants are exposed to the
necessary____
TRUE AND FALSE ANSWER1.

1. All cells of a plants are descendents of the True
zygote.
2. The leaves, flowers and fruits of the same True

tree not only have limited dimensions but
also appear and fall periodically and some
time repeatedly.
3. Development of a mature plant from a True

zygote (Fertilized egg) follow a precise and
highly ordered succession of events.
4. Plants retain the capacity for unlimited True

growth throughout their life.
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6. Water provides the medium for enzymatic True

activities needed for growth while oxygen
helps in releasing metabolic energy
essential for growth activities.
7. Nutrients are required by plants for the True

synthesis of protoplasm and act as source of
energy.
8. Auxin was first isolated from human urine. True
9. Spraying juvenile conifers with GA hastens True

the maturity period thus leading to early
seed production.
10 Kinetin occurs naturally in plants. False
11 Natural cytokinins are synthesised in region True

where rapid cell division occurs.
12 Ethylene is used to initiate flowering and for True

synchronising fruit set in pineapples.
13 Ethephon hastens fruit ripening in tomatoes True

and apples and accelerates abscission in
flowers and fruits.
14 ABA plays an important role in seed True

development, maturation and dormancy.
15 Events like vernalisation, flowering, False

dormancy, seed germination and plants
movements are controlled only by extrinsic
factors.
16 In certain plants relative duration of light and True

dark period plays a important role in
flowering.
18 Spring variety is normally planted in winter False

and harvested in autumn.
19 Biennials are monocarpic plants that True

normally flower and die in the second
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season.
20 Effects of vernalisation can not be seen in False

sugarbeet, cabbages and carrots.
21 Winter varieties of annual plants are planted True

in autumn, they germinate, and over winter
come out as small seedlings, resume growth
in spring and are harvested around mid-
summer.
MATCH THE COLUMNS ANSWER
1. Match the molecules to their chemical A = I, B – ii, C = iii, D= iv, E

composition:- =v
Column-I Column-II
A Auxin (IAA) i Indole

compounds
B Cytokinis ii Adenine
(kinetin) derivatives
C Abscisic acid iii Carotenoid
derivatives
D Gibberellic acid iv Terpene
derivatives
E Ethylene v C2H4
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2. Match the Column-I and Column-II :-
Column-I Column-II
1 Natural a Inhole 3-acetic acid
auxin (IAA)
2 Synthetic b Inhole butyric acid
(IBA)
c Naphthalene acetic
acid(NAA)
d 2, 4-
dichlrophenoxyacetic
acid (2, 4D)
DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION
1. The major component of food are__ , Carbohydrates, fats,

__and __ proteins
2. The process of conversion of complex Digestion

and large food molecules into smaller
and simple absorbable form is called___
3. Teeth which are present in sockets are thecodont

called___
4. Teeth which appear twice in life time are Diphyodont

called___
5. The tongue is a freely movable muscular Frenulum

organ attached to the floor of the oral
cavity by the____
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6. The upper surface of the tongue has Papillae

small projections called____ some of
which bear taste buds.
7. Common passage for food and air is Pharynx

called___
8. A cartilaginous flap called ___ prevents Epiglottis, glottis,
the entry of food into the___, opening of swallowing
the wind pipe – during___.
9. The stomach, located in the upper _A___ A-Left, B- Cardiac,

portion of the abdominal cavity, has three C- Fundic, D- Pyloric
major parts-a __B___ portion into which
the oesophagus opens, a __C___ region
and a _D__ portion which opens into the
first part of small intestine.
10. Small intestine is distinguishable into A-Duodenum,

three regions, a ‗C‘ shaped __A__ , along B- Jejunum
coiled middle portion __B__ and highly C- Ileum
coiled__C__.
11. ____ is small blind sac which hosts some Caecum

symbiotic microorganisms.
____is the smallest part of small Duodenum

12. intestine.
13. ___ is the outermost layer of alimentary Serosa, mesothelium

canal and is made up of a thin ___
14. The submucosa of alimentary canal is Loose connective tissue

made up of___
15. In duodenum glands are present in ___ Submucosa
16. The innermost layer lining the lumen of the Mucosa

alimentary canal is the____
17. Mucosa layer form irregular folds Rugae, villi

called____ in stomach and small finger
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like folding called___ in the small intestine.
18. Villi are supplied with a network of Lacteal

capiliaries and a large lymph vessel called
the___
19. Name the cells in the mucosal epithelium Goblet cells

that helps in lubrication
20. How many pair of salivary glands found in Three
human beings?
21. Name the three types of salivary glands Parotid, sublingual,

found in human beings. submandibular
22. Name the largest gland of the body. Liver
23. Name the structural and functional unit of Hepatic lobule

the liver.
24. Bile is stored in___ Gall bladder
25. Name the duct arise from gall bladder Cystic duct
26. In human beings liver is divided into____ Two

lobes
27. The bile duct and the pancreatic duct Hepato pancreatic duct,
open together into the duodenum as the sphincter of Oddi
common ______ which is guarded by a
sphincter called the_______
28. The exocrine part of pancreas secrets Pancreatic juice,

___ and the endocrine part hormones
secretes_____
29. What are the two major functions of Mastication of food,

buccal cavity? Swallowing of food
30. _____ in saliva helps in lubrication and Mucus, bolus

adhering the masticated food particles
into a_____
31. The ____ controls the passage of food Gastro oesophageal
into the stomach. sphincter
32. Name the enzyme found in saliva. Salivary amylase
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33. Salivary amylase converts ___into_____ Starch, maltose
34. The chemical process of digestive begins Oral cavity

in
35. Mixture of food and saliva in oral cavity is Bolus

called
36. Name the cells found in gastric glands Chief/ zymogen/peptic

which secrets the proenzyme pepsinogen cell
37. Name the factor essential for absorption Castle intrinsic factor
of vitamin B12
38. Mixture of food and gastric juice in Chyme

stomach is called__
39. How pepsinogen is converted into pepsin In the presence of

in stomach? concentrated HCI
40. Name the enzyme which helps in Pepsin
digestion of proteins in stomach.
41. What is the function of pepsin in Convert proteins into

stomach? proteoses and peptones
42 Name the inactive enzymes present in Trypsinogen,

pancreatic juice. chymotrypsinogen,
procarboxypeptidases,
Amylases, lipases,
nuclease
43. Name the nondigestive enzymes which Enterokinase
helps in activation of trypsinogen
44. Enterokinase is secreted by Intestinal mucosa
45. Intestinal juice is also called____ Succus entericus
46. Maximum absorption of digested food Jejunum

takes place in _____
47. Name the process by which fructose and Facilitated transport

some amino acids are absorbed in small
intestine
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48. Transport of water depends upon the Osmotic gradient

____
49. Fatty acids and glycerol are absorbed into Because these are
the blood. Why? insoluble water
50. Fill in the blanks and complete the

following paragraph
Fatty acids and glycerol being __a_,

cannot be absorbed into the blood. They (a)Insoluble
are first incorporated into small droplets (b)micelles
called __b__ which move into the (c)Mucosa
intestinal __c__. They are re-formed into (d)Chylomicrons
very small protein coated fat globules (e)Lymph
called the __d__ which are transported vessels(lacteals)
into __e__ in the villi. These lymph (f) Blood capillaries
vessels ultimately release the absorbed
substances into the __f__.
51. The absorbed substances finally reach assimilation

the tissues which utilise them for their
activities. This process is called
__________.
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52. Name the diseases (A)Jaundice

(a)__A___: The liver is affected, skin and
eyes turn yellow due to the deposit of bile (B)Vomiting
pigments.
(C)Diarrhoea
(b)__B___: It is ejection of stomach
contents through the mouth. This reflex (D)Constipation
action is controlled by the vomit centre in
the medulla. A feling of nausea precedes (E)Indigestion
vomiting.
(c) __C__ : The abnormal frequency of

bowl movement and increased liquidity of
the faecal discharge is known as
diarrhoea. It reduces the absorption of
food.
(d) In __D___ : the faeces are retained

within the rectum as the bowel
movements occurs irregularly.
(e) __E___ : In this condition, the food is
not properly digested leading to a felling
of fullness.
Why are villi present in intestine and not Food is completely

in stomach? digested in intestine but
not in stomach
53. What are the basic layers of the walls of Serosa, muscularis,
the alimentary canal? submucosa, mucosa
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BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES
1. Oxygen is utilised by the organism to______(a)- (a) Indirectly

______ breakdown nutrients molecules like (b) Glucose
______(b)______ and to derive_____(c)_____ for (c) Energy
performing various activities.
2. Gas which is released during catabolic reaction of CO2

respiration is_______.
3. Process of exchange of O2 from the atmosphere Breathing

with CO2 produced by the cells is called
4. Mechanism of breathing vary among different a. Habitats

groups of animals depending mainly on______ b. Levels of
and______. organisation
5. Column- I Column- II
(A) Diffusion over their (i)Reptiles, Birds,
mammals
entire body surface A-iii, B-iv, C-v, D-ii, E-i
(B) Gills (ii) Insects
(C) Moist cuticle (iii) Coelenterates,
flat worm
(D) Tracheal tubes (iv) Aquatic
arthopods and
molluscs
(E) Vascularised bag (v) Earthworm
6. Common passage for food and air_______. Pharynx
7. Glottis is the opening of_______. Larynx
8. Structure which in sound production is made up Cartilages

of________.
9. During swallowing glottis can be covered by a False

thick fibrous cartilaginous flap called epiglottis.
(True/false)
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10. Origin of right and left primary bronchi occurs at T5

the level of________.
11. Each terminal bronchiole gives rise to a number of Alveoli

very thin, irregular walled and vascularised bag
like structure called_______.
12. Incomplete cartilaginous rings are present upto Initial Bronchioles

________.
13. Conducting part starts with external nostrils and Terminal bronchiole
extended upto__________.
14. What is the significance of pleural fluid? Provides friction- less

movement between
pleural membrane
15. Given statement is true or false True
Statement : Actual site for diffusion of O2 and
CO2 between blood and atmospheric air is
exchange part.
16. Breathing involves two stages _____(a)_____ a. Inspiration

during which atmospheric air is drawn in and b. Expiration
_____(b)_____ by which the alveolar air is
released out.
17. Movement of air into and out of the lungs is Pressure gradient
carried out by a creating _______ between the
lungs and atmosphere.
18 Expiration takes place when Intrapulmonary pressure
is higher than the
atmospheric pressure.
19. The volume of air involved in breathing Spirometer
movements can be estimated by:
20. Match column-I and column-II

Column-I Column-II
(A) Tidal volume (a) 1200 ml
(B) Expiratory reserve volume (b) 4200 ml a-iii, b-iv, c-vi, d-ii, e-I, f-v
(C) Inspiratory capacity (c) 500 ml
(D) Vital capacity (d) 1100 ml
(E) Residual volume (e) 2300 ml
(F) Functional residual capacity (f) 3000 ml
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21. Simple diffusion mainly based on: (a)Pressure/concentration

Gradient
(b) Solubility of gases
(c)Thickness of
membrane involved in
diffusion
22. The diffusion membrane is made up of : Only (B and C)
(A) Thick columnar epithelium of alveoli
(B) Endothelium of alveolar capillaries
(C) Basement substances in between capillaries
and alveoli
23. Least amount of CO2 is carried out in _______. Dissolved state through
plasma
24. Factors those interfere with the binding of O2 with (A)Partial pressure of
haemoglobin are : CO2
(B) H+ concentration,
(C)Temperature
25. O2 dissociation curve is : Sigmoid curve
26. Factor which is favourable for the formation of (A)Lesser H+

oxyhaemoglobin concentration
(B) High pO2(C) Low pCO2
27. Under normal physiological condition every 100 5

ml of oxygenated blood can deliver ______ ml of
O 2.
28. Dissociation of CO2 from carbamino-haemoglobin pCO2 is low; pO2 is high

takes place when :
29. At the tissue site where partial pressure of CO2 is a- High

___(a)___ due to ___(b)___, CO2 diffuse into b- Catabolism
blood and form ___(c)___ and ___(d)___. c- HCO3-
d- H+
30. Every 100 ml of deoxygenated blood transport 4 ml

how much amount of CO2?
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31. Human beings have ability to maintain and Neural system

moderate the respiratory rhythm by the help of :
32. Respiratory rhythm centre is present in ______ Medulla oblongata

region of brain.
33. Centre which can moderate the function of Pons

respiratory rhythm centre is located in :
34. Chemosensitive area sends signals to make Respiratory rhythm center

necessary adjustments for respiration to :
35. Aortic arch and carotid artery receptors can CO2H+

recognize changes in :
36. Role of oxygen in the regulation of respiratory True

rhythm is quite insignificant. (True/false)
37. Match column-I and column-II

Column-I Column-II
(A) Asthma (a) Alveolar wall
damaged
(B) Emphysema (b) Inflammation A-iii, B-I, C-ii
leading to
Fibrosis
(C) Occupational (c) Wheezing due
to respiratory to inflammation
Disorders to bronchi and
bronchioles
38. Long exposure to dust can give rise to : Inflammation leading to

proliferation of fibrous
tissues in lungs.
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BODY FLUIDS AND CIRCULATION

Q.NO QUESTIONS ANSWERS
1. Open type circulatory system is present in which Mollusca,
phylum ? Arthropoda
2. Close type circulatory system is present in which Annelida,

phylum ? Chordata
3. Name the system in which the blood pumped by Closed type of

the heart is circulated through a close network ? circulation
4. Name the system in which the blood pumped by Open type of

the heart is circulated through large vessels into circulation
sinuses ?
5. In which animal the heart pumps out only Fishes

deoxygenated blood ?
6. Another name of coronary artery disease is Atherosclerosis

____
___.
7. In which disease arteries lumen become Atherosclerosis

narrower due to the deposition of calcium fat
and cholesterol ?
8. In which disease a symptom of acute chest pain Angina Pectoris

appears when no enough oxygen is reaching
the heart muscles ?
9. How a person can determine the heart rate of an By counting the

individual by the observation of ECG ? number of QRS
complex
10. In an individual, where the heart is located ? Mediastinal space
11. FILL IN THE BLANKS ANSWERS
a. Amphibians and Reptiles have a 3 chambered 2, 1

heart with ____ atria and ____ ventricle.
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Mesodermal,
b. Heart is ____ derived organ and protected by a Pericardium
double walled membranous bag called _____.
c. The opening between Right Atrium and Left 3, Tricuspid

Ventricle is guarded by a valve formed of _____
muscular flaps, the _____ valve.
d. The wall of ventricle is ______ than atria. Thicker
SAN can generate the maximum number of

e. action potential i.e._____ min-1. Therefore it is 72, Pacemaker
called _____.
f. Atrial systole increases the flow of blood into the

ventricles by about _____ percent. 30%
g. In _____ all the four chambers of the heart are Joint diastole
in a relax state.
h. The ____ wave represents the depolarisation of P

the atria.
i. A system of blood vessels is present in our body

exclusively for the circulation of blood to and Coronary
from the cardiac musculature called ____.
j. PNS ____ the rate of heart beat and ____. Decrease, Cardiac
output
12. TRUE/FALSE BASED QUESTIONS ANSWERS
a. SAN generates an action potential which T

stimulates atrial systole.
b. ECG is an electric representation of the F

graphical activity of the heart during a cardiac
cycle.
c. The cardiac output of a normal man will be T
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much lesser than an athlete.
d. The wall of right ventricle is much thicker than F

the left ventricle.
e. In pisces the two separate circulatory pathways F

are present, hence they have double circulation.
The closed circulatory pattern is considered to

be more advantageous than open circulatory
f. pattern. T
Glucose is absorbed by simple diffusion through

lymph in lacteales present in the intestinal villi.
g. F
The SAN can generate the maximum number of
action potential i.e. 140-150 min-1 in neonates,
and is responsible for initiation and maintenance T
h. of the rhythmic contractile activity of the heart.
Angina can occur in any age but more common

the neonates and infants.
i. Heart failures is something called congestive

heart failure because congestion of blood F
vessels is one of the main symptoms of this
j. disease.
F
15. MATRIX MATCH TYPE— ANSWERS
a. Column I Column II A-iv, B-iii,

A Sinuses i Frog C-ii, D-i
B Capillaries ii Rohu
C Venous heart iii Annelida
D Mixed blood iv Mollusca
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b. A Atherosclerosis i Vital organs effected A-iv, B-iii,

B Angina pectoris ii Heart stops beating C-v, D-vi,
C Heart failure iii Acute chest pain E-I, F-ii
D Heart attack iv Calcium and
cholesterol deposition
E Hypertension v Ineffective pumping of
blood
F Cardiac arrest vi Heart muscles
damage
c. 1 2 3 4 A-ii-a-K,
(A) Sympathetic (i) Arc (a) HR↑ (K) Cardiac↑ B-i-b-L
output
(B) Parasympathetic (ii) NE (b) HR↓ (L) Cardiac↓
output
1 2 A-iii, B-iv,
d. A Systemic i Right Atrium- Right Ventricle C-ii, D-i
circulation
B Pulmonary ii Left Atrium- Left Ventricle
circulation
C Systemic Iii Left Ventricle‎‎→Body→Right
heart Atrium
D pulmonary iv Right Ventricle→Lungs→
Left Atrium
1 2 A-ii, B-iii,
e. A P wave i Ventricular repolarization C-i
B QRS ii Atrial depolarization
complex
C T wave iii Ventricular depolarization
iv Atrial Repolarization
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A-iv, B-ii,
C-iii, D-i
f. 1 2
A Cardiac output i 0.8 sec
B Stroke volume ii 70 mL
C Heart rate iii 70- 72 min-1
D Cardiac cycle iv 5000mL
g. 1 2 A-iii, B-v,
C-I, D-ii, E-
A Atrial systole i 0.3 sec iv
B Atrial diastole ii 0.5 sec
C Ventricular iii 0.1 sec
systole
D Ventricular iv 0.4 sec
diastole
E Joint diastole v 0.7 sec
h 1 2 A-v, B-iii,
A Tricuspid I IInd heart sound C-ii, D-iv,
valve E-i
B Mitral valve Ii SA Node
C Pacemaker Iii Bicuspid valve
D LUB Iv Ist heart sound
E DUP v Right Atriventricular
septum
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i. 1 2 A-i, iv, vi
A Artery I Carry blood towards the B- ii,iii,v,vii
body
B Vein Ii Carry blood towards the
heart
Iii Valve in the lumen
Iv Thick walled
V Widen lumen
Vi Red coloured
vii Superficial location
j.
1 2 A-ii, B-iv,
A SA Node I Inter ventricular septum C-I, D-iii
B AV Node Ii Right atrium upper corner
C Bundle of his Iii Ventricular wall
D Purkinje iv Lower left corner of right
fibres Atrium
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EXCRETORY PRODUCTS AND

THEIR ELIMINATION
Q.NO. QUESTION ANSWERS
1. Common forms of nitrogenous waste of Ammonia, urea, uric
organism are acid.
2. Most toxic nitrogenous waste material is Ammonia.
3. Least toxic nitrogenous waste material is Uric acid.
4. Removal of ammonia from body is called Ammonotelism.
5. Length of kidney in human being is 10-12cm
6. Average weight of human kidney in human 120 to 170 gm

beings is
7. The notch on the centre of inner concave Hilum

surface of kidney is
8. Funnel shaped space in kidney is called Renal pelvis
9. Projections of renal pelvis called Calyces
10. Outer zone of kidney is known as Cortex
11. Inner zone of kidney is known as Medulla
12. Name the conical masses of medulla Medullary pyramids

13. Number of nephron in each kidney is 1 Millon
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14. Name the branch of artery which take away Efferent arterioles
blood from glomerulus
15. The structure which take away blood from Bowman‘s Capsule
glomerulus
16. Glomerulus and Bowman‘s capsule together Malpighian body

from
17. Hair pin shaped structure in nephron together Henle‘s loop

from
18. DCT of nephron opens in Collecting duct
19. Loop of henle is too short and remain very little Cortical nephron
into medulla. This nephron is______
20. Loop of Henle come deep into medulla in Juxta medullary

nephron
21. Projection of cortex into medulla is called Columns of Bertini
22. U-shaped vessels running parallel of Henle‘s Vasa recta

loop called
23. Vasa recta is absent iris Cortical nephron
24. Epithelial cells of Bowman‘s capsule Podocytes
25. GFR is regulated by Juxta glomerular

apparatus
26. Approximate value of GFR 180 litre/day
27. A special sensitive region formed by cellular Juxta glomeular

modification in DCT and afferent arteriole at the apparatus
location of their contact is called
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28. Reabsorption occurs in Tubular epithelial cells

29 PCT is lined by _____ epithelium Simple cuboidal brush
bord
30. How much electrolytes are absorbed by PCT of 70 to 80%
nephron?
31. Flow of blood in opposite direction in limbs of Counter current

henle‘s loop and vasa recta forms mechanism
32. Counter current mechanism is useful for Maintaining

concentration in
medullary interstitium
33. pH of urine is ‗6‘
34. On an average how much urea is excreted out 25-30gm

per day?
35. Presence of glucose in urine is called Glycosuria
36. Presence of ketone bodies in urine is called Ketonuria
37. Ketonuria &glycosuria is an indicative of Diabetes mellitus
38. How much amount of Co 2 is removed by lungs 18 litre

per day?
39. Primary function of sweat is Cooling of the body
40. Accumulation of urea in blood is called Uremia
41. Stones or insoluble mass of crystallized salts Renal calculi

formed within the kidney
is called
42. Inflammation of glomerful of kidney is called Glomerulonephritis
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43. Fill in the blanks Answers
1. In kidney condition urea can be removed by

_______ process Hemodialysis
2. Ammonia is converted into urea in___ and Liver, Kidney

filtered from blood and
excreted out by___
3. Kidney is situated between level of last__ and Thoracic, lumbar

third ____
4. Projection of cortex between medullary pyramids Column of bertini

is called_____
5. _______ is a tuft of capillaries formed by the Glomerulus, renal

afferent arteriole which is artery
a fine branch of_____
6. Efferent arteriole emerging from glomerulus Peritubula

forms fine capillary
network around renal tubule known as _____
capillaries
7. _______,__________ and_______ are three Glomerular filtration,

processes involved in urine reabsorption
formation. secrection
8. Epithelial cells of bowman‘s called____ are Podocytes

arranged in an intricate Intricate
Manner
9. A fall in GFR can activate the juxta glomerular Rennin

cells to release____
10. Glucose ,amino acid and Na + are Actively

reabsorbed______
11. Tubular cells secrete _____ and________ H + ,k +
12. Tubular secretion helps in maintenance of Ionic ,acid –base

_______ and _______
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balance of the body.

PCT helps in secretion of _________
13. PCT helps in secretion of _________ H+ ,k+ , and NH2
14. Descending limb of loop of henle is ___ and Permeable

ascending limb is___ ,Impermeable
to water
15. Kidney function is regulatd by feedback Hypothalamus, Juxta

mechanism involving the golmerulus apparatus
______and _______
16. Decrease in blood volume activate Nwurohypophysis

_________ which secret ADH which Diuresis, COndtrictory
Prevent________ and also effect kidney Increase
function by it‘s______ Increase
Effect on blood vessels.
Causes _____ in blood pressure.
Causes ______ in GFR
17. ANF causes__________ Vasodilation
18. Fall in GFR activate JG cells to release renin Angiotensin-I

which converts Vasoconstrictor
angiotensinogen into________ GFR
Angiotensinogen-II is a powerful____________
Causes increase in glomerular blood pressure.
Causes increase in__________.
19. Angiotensinogen-II also stimulates adrenal Aldosterone

cortex to release_____
20. (i) Signals from CNS started by streching of the Urinary Bladder
_______ as it gets filled CNS
with urine. Smooth muscles of
(ii) Stretch receptors send signals to__________ badder,urethral
(iii) CNS gives message to motor nerves to sphincter
initiate contraction
in______ and simultaneous relaxation of the
_____ causing release of
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urine.
MATCH THE COLUMN-I WITH COLUMN-II
1. (i) a,c,e ; (ii) b,d ; (iii)

Column-I Column-II f,g,h
(i) Ammonotelic (a) Aquatic insects
(b) Amphibians
(c) Bony fishes
(ii) Ureotelic (d) Marine Fishes
(e) Aquatic amphibians
(f) Reptiles
(iii) Uricotelic (g) Birds
(h) Land Snails
2. (i)-d,(ii)-e, (iii)-a, (iv)-

Column-I Column-II b ,(v)-c
(i) Vertebrates (a) Flame cells
(ii) Earthworm (b) Green Glands
(iii) Platyhelminthes (c) Malpighian tubules
(iv) Crustaceans (d) Kidney
(v) Cockroach (e) Nephridia
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LOCOMOTION AND MOVEMENT

(MUSCLES)
Q.NO. QUESTION ANSWERS
1. Muscle is a specialized tissue of_______ origin MESODERMAL
2. Muscles have special properties like___, ____ , and Excitability,

____ contractility,
elasticity
3. Three types of muscles are Skeletal, visceral,
cardiac
4, ______muscles are closely associated with thee Skeletal

skeletal components and hence called ______
muscles.
5. Skeletal muscles have a stripped appearance under Striated

the microscope and hence called_____ muscles.
6. Name the muscles which are closely related with the Skeletal
locomotory actions and changes in body postures.
7. __A__ muscles are located in the inner walls of hollow (A)visceral

visceral organs of the body like alimentary canal, (B)striation
reproductive tract etc. They do not exhibit and __B__ (C)Smooth
and are in ___C__ appearance.
8. Smooth muscles are also called involuntary muscles. Because these are
Why? not under the
voluntary control
of nervous
system.
9. Name the muscles which assists in the transportation Smooth muscles
of food through the digestive tract and gametes (involuntary
through the genital tract. muscles)
10. Based on appearance cardiac muscles are______ Striated
11. Each organized skeletal muscle in our body is made Muscle bundles or
od a number of _____ held together by a common fascicles, fascia
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collagenous connective tissue layer called______
12. What is sarcolemma? Plasma

membrane of
muscle fiber is
called sarcolemma
13. Store house of Ca+2 in muscle fibre is ____ Endoplasmic
reticulum
14. A characteristic feature of a muscle fibre is the Myofirils or
pre3sence of large number of parallel arranged myofilamemts
filaments in the sarcoplasm called_____
15. Light bands of muscle fibre consists of filaments Actin, myosin

called____ whereas dark bands consists of filaments
called___
16. Fill in the blanks with the suitable words ____ Actin, myosin,
filaments are thinner as compared to the ____ thin, thick
filaments, hence are commonly called___ and ___
filaments respectively.
In the center of each I band is an elastic fiber called Z line

17. _____
18. Fill in the blanks with the suitable words (a)M line
(b) myofibrils
The thick filaments in the ‗A‘ band are also held (c)sarcomere
together in the middle of this band by a thin fibrous
membrane called __a__.
The ‗A‘ and ‗I‘ bands are arranged alternately
throughout the length of the _b__. The portion of the
myofibril between two successive ‗Z‘ lines is
considered as the functional unit of contraction and is
called a __c__
.
19. Fill in thje blanks with the suitable words (a)Helically
Each actin (thin) filament is made of two ‗F‘ (b)monomeric G

(filamentous) actins ___a___ wound to each other. (globular)
Each ‗F‘ actin is a polymer of __b__ actins. Two
filaments of another protein __c__ also run close to (c) tropomyosin
the ‗F‘ actins throughout its length. A complex protein
__d__ is distributed at regular intervals on the (d) troponin
tropomyosin. In the resting state a submit of troponin
masks the active binding sites for __e__ on the __c__ (e) myosin
filaments.
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(f) actin
20. Name the two important parts of meromyosin Globular head with
a short arm and a
tail.
21. Mechanism of muscle contraction is best explained by Sliding filament
____ theory
22. Give only the statement of sliding filament theory Contraction of a

muscle fiber takes
place by the
sliding of the thin
filaments over the
thick filaments
23. Store house of calcium ions for muscle contraction Sarcoplasmic

is____ reticulum
24. What type of movement is seen in Amoeba? Streaming

movement of
protoplasm
25. Cells of the human being exhibits three main types of Amoeboid, ciliary,
movements ____,_____ and ____. muscular
26. About ____ percent of the body weight of a human 40-50

adult is contributed by muscles.
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27 Match the column –
Column A Column B Column C a-iii-1, 2,

a Striped i Located in 1 Involved in b-i-3,
muscles the inner locomotory c-ii-4
walls of actions
hollow
visceral
organs of the
body
b Visceral ii Muscles of 2 Changes of
muscles heart body posture
c Cardiac iii Closely 3 Transportation

muscles associated of food
with the
skeletal
components
of the body
4 Contraction
and relaxation
of heart
28. Muscle fiber is a ____ as the sarcoplasm contains Syncytium

many nuclei.
29. Name the two important proteins due to which striated Actin, myosin
appearance is seen in myofibril
30. Name the protein found in isotropic and anisotriopic Actin, myosin
band of myofibrils.
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31. The main source of energy during muscle contraction Glycogen

is___
32. Dark bands of myofibrils are known as___ band. Anisotropic
33. Muscle contraction is initiated by a single sent by the Central nervous

_____ system
34. The functional unit of the contractile system in the Sarcomere

striped muscle is ____
35. Contraction of a muscle is caused by- Actomyosin
36. During muscle contraction __(a)___ energy is (a)chemical

converted into __(b)___ energy (b)mechanical
37. The distance or length of the myofibril between two Sarcomere

adjacent z- bands is called
38. In a relaxed fibril, H- zone, a lighter region of low A- band

density can be seen in the center of____.
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LOCOMOTION AND MOVEMENT

(SKELETAL SYSTEM)
Q.NO. QUESTION ANSWER1
1 Skeletal system consist of a framework of ___ and a Bones,
few___ cartilages
2. How many bones are found in axial skeleton? 80

3. Axial skeleton consist of__ bones distributed__ 80, along the
main axis of the
body
4. The skull, vertebral column and ribs constitute the Axial
___ skeleton
5. The skull consist of __ sets of bones __and __ Two, cranial,

facial
6. How many bones are found in human cranium? 8
7. Name the U shaped bone at the base of the skull. Hyoid
8. Each middle ear consist of three tiny bones __,__ and Malleus, incus,
___ collectively called____ stapes, ear
ossicles
9. The skull region articulates with the superior region of Occipital
the vertebral column with the help of two ___ condyles
10. Types of skull found in human being is ___ Dicondylic
11. How many bones are found in human vertebral 26

column?
12. First vertebrae is ___ Atlas
13. Name the central hollow portion in vertebrae through Neural canal
which the spinal cord passes.
14. The number of cervical vertebrae are ___ in almost all Seven
mammals including human beings.
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15. ___ is a flat bone on the midventral line of the thorax Sternum
16. Write the functions of the vertebral column Protection of

spinal cord,
support the
head, serves as
point of
attachment for
the ribs and
musculature of
the back
17. Ribs are dorsally attached with ___ whereas ventrally Vertebral
with ___ column,
sternum
18 Each forelimb consists of ___ bones. 30
19. The bones of the limbs along with their girdles Appendicular
constitute the ___ skeleton
20. Longest and strongest bone of the human body is Femur
21. A cup shaped bone called __ cover the knee ventrally patella
22. Each half of pectoral girdle consist of a ___ and a___ Clavicle,
scapula
23. Name the type of joint between the following :-

(a) Atlas/axis
(b)carpal/ metacarpal of thumb (a) pivot
(c)between phalanges (b)saddle
(d)femur/acetabulum (c) hinge
(e)between cranial bones (d) ball and
(f)between pubic bones in the pelvic girdle socket
(e)sutures
(f) pibis
symphysis
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24. Fill in the blanks spaces :

(a)All mammals (except a few) have ______ cervical (a) seven
vertebra. (b) 14
(c) 11th, 12th
(b)The number of phalanages in each limb of human (d) 8
a _____
(c)____and _____ pairs of ribs are called floating ribs.
(d)The human cranium is made of ___bones.
25. Write true or false.
(a)Arthritis is inflammation of joints. (a) true
(b)Osteoporosis is a age related disorder (b) true

characterized by decreased bone mass and
increased chances of fractures.
(c)Gout is the inflammation of joints due to (c) false

accumulation of calcium carbonate crystals.
26. Name the age related disorder characterized by Osteoporosis

decreased bone mass and increase chances of
fractures.
27. In joints, the bones involved are jointed together with Cartilaginous
the help of cartilages. The joint between the adjacent
vertebrae in the vertebral column is of this pattern and
it permits limited movements, is -
28. _____ joints are characterized by the presence of a Synovial

fluid filled synovial cavity between the articulating
surfaces of the two bones.
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29.
Match the following bones of vertebral column A-I, B-II, C-III,

D-IV, E-IV
NAME NUMBER
A CERVICAL I 7
B THORACIC II 12
C LUMBAR III 5
D SACRAL IV (5)
E COCCYX V (4)
30.
Match the following column
NAME NUMBER
A I 14 A-I, B-III, C-II
Vertebrosternal ribs
B II 4
Vertebrochondral ribs
C III 6
Floating ribs
31.
Match the following bones of forelimbs A-IV, B-II,C-III,
D-I
NAME NUMBER
A Humerus I 14
B Carpals II 8
C Metacarpals III 5
D Phalanges IV 1
32. Match the following bones of hindlimbs A-IV, B-II, C-III,

D-I
NAME NUMBER
A Femur I 14
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B Tarsals II 7
C Metatarsals III 5
D phalanges IV 1
NEURAL CONTROL AND COORDINATION

Q.NO. QUESTIONS ANSWER
1. Process through two or more organ interact and Coordination
compliment the function of each other is
2. Other systems from which nervous system Endocrine system

coordinate & integrate in synchronized fashion is :-
3. Organised network of neural system, which provides Point to point

quick coordination through connections
4. Highly specialized cells in animals which can detect, Neurons

receive & transmit different kinds of stimuli
5. Lower vertebrate in which neural organized is very Hydra

simple & composed of network of neuron is
6. Site where all the information are processed & CNS

controlled is
7. Parts of PNS which carries impulses from tissue/ Afferent fibres

organ to CNS are
8. Neural system which carries impulses from CNS to Somatic neural

skeletal muscle is system
9. Branches of PNS which transmit impulses from CNS (A.N.S) Autonomic

to involuntary organ and classified into sympathetic neural system
& parasympathetic neural system is
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10. Bulb like structure where branch of nerve fiber Synaptic knob
termoinates.
11. Chemicals by which nerve impulses transmit Neuro transmitters

through one neuron to another are
12. Cells which envelop nerve fiber and form myelin Schwann cells
sheath around the axon are
13. Gap between two adjacent myelin sheath are known Node of Ranvier
as
14. Myelinates and unmyelinated nerve fibers are found Cranial/Spinal

in PNS respectively are nerve and
autonomic &
somatic nerve
fibres
15. Property of excitability of neuron is due to Polarised state of
membrane of
neuron
16. At resting stage permeability of ‗K‘ Ion is more True
comparatively Na+ Ion through axonal membrane
17.
Type of neuron Source
a-ii, b-iii, c-i
(a) Multipolar (i) Embryonic stage
(b) Bipolar (ii) Cerebral cortex
(c) unipolar (iii) Retina of eye
(1) a-i, b-iii, c-ii (2)a-iii, b-ii, c-i

(3) a-ii, b-iii, c-i (4)a-ii, b-i, c-iii
18. At resting state charge of inner surface is due to More K+ Ion&

presense of negatively charge
protein molecule
19. Concentration gradient of axoplasm at resting stage Na+ K+ pump
is maintained by
20. When stimulus is applied on axonal membrane then Change

generation of action potential is due to permeability for
Na+ Ion
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21. Generation of action potential in stage of Exciting stage
22. Junctions from which impulse is transmitted through Synapse

one neuron to another are known as
23. Types of synapse in which transmission of impulse Electrical synapse

across neuron is similar to conduction along a single
axon
24. Inside the skull the brain is covered by some Meninges

membrane are called as
25. Deep cleft which divides cerebrum logitudinaly into Median fissure
two halves, known as
26. Tract of nerve fibre which connects both cerebral Corpus callosum
hemisphere is
27. The portion of cerebrum which is greyish in Cerebral cortex

appearance is
28. Region of cerebral cortex which is neither motor nor Association area
sensory is
29. Major coordinating centre of fore brain which is Thalamus

wrapped around by cerebrum and responsible for
motor & sensory signaling is
30. Important part of fore brain which control body Hypothalamus

temperature urge for eating & drinking and has
several group of neurosecretory cells is
31. Inner part of cerebral hemisphere, which is involved Limbic system

in sexual behavior, motivation expression of
emotional reactions etc. and a group of associated
deep structure like amygdala, hippocampus etc. is
32. Canal of mid brain which connects forebrain & Cerebral aqueduct
hindbrain is
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33. Round swelling at the dorsal portion of the midbrain Quadrigemina

is known as
34. Involuntary response process which require Reflex action

involvement of C.N.S without conscious effort is
35. The reflex pathway requires at least One afferent &

one efferent
neuron
36. Layer of eye ball, which contain many blood vessels Choroid
and bluish in color is
37. Anterior part of choroid layer which hold lens by Ciliary body
ligaments is
38. Regulating muscle, which controls the pupil is a part Iris

of
39. Inner most layer of retina which is situated towards Ganglionic layer
vitreous chamber is
40. Outer most layer of retina which holds sensory Photoreceptor

neuron like rods & cones is layer
41. The daylight/ photopic or color vision and twilight/ Cones &Rodes
scotopic vision are function of respectively
42. Vitamin which is required for formation of rhodopsin Vitamin A

or visual purple is
43. Types of cones which posses their own Red, green & blue
characteristics photo pigments are lights
44. Points at posterior pole, which is medial to and Blind spot

slightly above the posterior pole from where optic
nerve leave is
45. Central pit of yellowish pigmented macula lutea is Fovea
46. Densely packed portion of macula lutea where Fovea

visual activity is greatest is
47. Space called vitreous chamber filled with Lens & retinal
transparent gel like substance found in between
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48. Photosensitive compound in the human eye which is Opsin & retinal
composed of a protein and an aldehyde of vitamin A
is respectively
49. Generation of action potential concern with which Ganglionic layer

layer of retina
50. Sensory functions which are considered for ear are Hearing
&maintaenanceof
body
51. Middle ear which contain three ossicles in key chain Malleus, incus and
like fashion are namely stapes
52. Ossicle which is attached with oval window of the Stapes

cochlea is
53. Middle ear cavity connected to pharynx through Eustachian tube
54. Series of channels, formed of by bones are filled Perilymph

with
55. Coiled portion of membranous labyrinth is filled with Endolymph
56. Upper part of bony labyrinth filled by perilymph & Scala vestibuli
separated by reissner‘s membrane from cochlea is
57. Scala vestibuli &scala tympani ends at the windows Oval & round
respectively window
58. Hearing apparatus located on basilar membrane is Organ of corti
59. Vestibular apparatus reacted with body balance is Semi- circular

consists of canal & otolith
organ
60. Which part of the ear determines the pitch of a Cochlea
sound?
61. Which part of human brain is most developed? Cerebrum
62. Which part of our central nervous system acts as a hypothalamus

master clock?
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CHEMICAL COORDINATION & INTEGRATION

1. Chemical which are non- nutrient and act as inter cellular Hormone
messenger are known as2
2. Tissues located in different parts of body like pituitary, Organized
pineal, thyroid etc are counts as endocrine glands
3. Group of neurosecretory cells which produces hormones Nuclei
and are located in hypothalamus are known as
4. Hormone which is responsible to inhibit the release of Somatostatin
growth hormones from pituitary is
5. Anterior pituitary & posterior pituitary hormones are Portal circulatory
regulated by hypothalamus respectively through system & direct
neural regulation
6. Bony cavity in which pituitary gland is situated in Sella tursica
7.
Pituitary
Pars distalis
Adenohypophysis Neurohypophysis
|
A Pars intermedia
‗A‘ is the portion of adenohypophysis which secrets

different hormones ‘A‘ is___
8. Apart from humans melanocyte stimulating hormone is Pars intermedia

secreted through
9. Hormones which are released from posterior pituitary are Oxytocin and
vasopressin
10. Over secretion and low secretion of GH at childhood leads Gigantism and
to respectively pituitary dwarfism
11. Hormone secreted by pituitary glands and regulates the Prolactin

mammary gland and formation of milk in them is
12. In females, vigorous contraction of uterus at the time of Oxytocin

child birth and milk ejection from the mammary gland is due
to
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13. Hormone responsible for reabsorption of water and Antidiuretic

electrolyte to reduce loss water is hormone (ADH)
14. Gland which is responsible for rhythms of sleep wake cycle Pineal gland
15. Deficiency of I2 in diet leads to Goiter
16. Stunned growth of child during pregnancy mental Hypo thyrodism

retardation, low intelligence quotient is due to
17. Hormone responsible for basal metabolic rate is Thyroxine
18. Hormone, responsible for raised level of Ca+2 in blood is PTH
19. Antagonist pair of hormone which regulates Ca+2 in blood PTH and TCT
are
20. Hormone which play a major role in differentiation in T- Thymosin
Lymphocyte is
21. Catecholamine which are secreted in emergency conditions Adrenaline and

are noradrenaline
22. Main glucocorticoid hormone responsible for carbohydrate Cortisol

metabolism is
23. Hormone which inhibits cellular uptake and utilization of Cortisol

amino acid as well as does hyperglycemia through
gluconeogenesis is
24. Hormone which adrenal cortex which helps in maintaining Aldosterone
electrolyte and body fluid volume is
25. Hormone which enhance cellular uptake and utilisation of Insulin
glucose as well as does hypoglycemia through
glucogenesis is
26. Male and female sex hormone respectively which stimulate Testosterone and
development of sex organ, sexual behavior, gametogenesis esteogen
are
27. Chemical nature of all hormone which are secreted from Proteineous
pituitary and hypothalamus is
28. Ca+2, IP3, C- AMP etc. are generated after binding of Secondary
hormone on receptor present on membrane thus these are messenger
termed as
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29. Hormone which regulate gene expression or chromosome Steroid and

by interaction of hormone receptor complex with the Iodothyronin
genome are hormone
30. Endocrine glands lack ducts and are hence, called ____ Ductless,
glands and their secretions are called _______ hormones
31. ______ possess very simple endocrine system with few Invertebrates,
hormones whereas a large number of chemicals act as vertebrates
hormones and provide coordination in the _______
32. Hypothalamus is the basal part of _____ Dienecephalon
33. Name the hypothalamic hormone which stimulates the Gonadotrophic

pituitary synthesis and released of gonadotrophins releasing hormone
34. Name the hormone which stimulates the synthesis and Thyroid
secretion of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland. stimulating
hormones(TSH)
35. LH and FSH are called gonadotrophins. Why? Because they
stimulus the
gonadal activity
36. Name the hormone which stimulates the synthesis and LH( Luteinsing
secretion of androgens from testis. hormone)
37. What is the function of LH in females? LH in females

induces ovulation
of fully mature
follicles and
maintains the
corpus luteum.
38. Name the hormone secreted by pars intermedia and its Melanocyte
function. stimulating
hormone,
regulates
pigmentation of
the skin
39 In adult women, ____ may cause menstrual cycle to hypothyroidism
become irregular
40. I am a lobular structure located between lings behind Thymus gland

sternum on the ventral side of aorta an plays an important
role in the developmentof the immune system. Identify me.
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41. Adrenaline and noradrenaline are called emergency Because these are
hormones. Why? selected in
response of any
kind of stress and
during emergency
conditions,
42. The adrenal cortex can be divided into three layers, called Zona reticularis,
_____( inner layer), _____( middle layer) and _____ (outer zorafasiculata,
layer) zona glomerulosa
43. Name the main mineralocorticoid in our body. Aldosterone
44. Endocrine part of pancreas is called ____ Islets of

langerhans
45. Alpha cells of islets of Langerhans secrete____ Glucagon
46. Beta cells of islets of Langerhans secrete____ Insulin
47. Write some symptoms of diabetes mellitus. Glycosuria (loss of

glucose through
urine), ketonuria
(loss of ketone
bodies through
urine)
48. Name the hormones secreted by atria of heart which ANF (atrial Natri
causes dilation of blood vessels and reduces blood Uretic Factor)
pressure.
49. The ____ of kidney produce a peptide hormone called ___ Juxta glomerular
which stimulates____. cells,
erythropoietin,
erythropoiesis
50. Name the hormone which increases the secretion of Gastric
pepsinogen and hydrochloric acid from gastric glands.
51. Which hormonal deficiency is responsible for the following (a)insulin (b)iodine
? (c) thyroxine
(a)Diabetes mellitus (b) Goitre (c) Cretinism
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52. Match the following columns (a) ii (b) iv (c)I (d)

iii
Column(A) Column (B)
A T4 I Hypothalamus
B PTH Ii Thyroid
C GnRH Iii Pituitary
D LH iv parathyroid
53. Fill in the blanks (a) pituitary gland

Hormones Targest glans (b) thyroid gland
(a)Hypothalamic hormones _____________ (c) adrenal cortex
(b) Thyrotrophin (TSH) _____________ (d)gonads
(c) corticotrophin (ACTH) ______________ (e) melanocytes
(d) Gonadotrophins (LH.FSH) ______________
(e) Metanotrophins( MSH) ______________
Serial CONTENTS Page No.

No.
1. Sexual reproduction in flowering 1
plants
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2. Human reproduction 8
3. Reproductive health 13
4. Genetics 14
(principles of inheritance and
variation)
5. Evolution 81
6. Human health and disease 21
7. Strategies for enhancement in 24

food production
8. Microbes in human welfare 29
9. Biotechnology : principles & 31

processes
10. Biotechnology and its application 35
11. Ecology 37
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS
Q.NO. QUESTION ANSWER

FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. The microsporangia develop further and become____ Pollen sac
2. The innermost wall layer of microsporangium is the____ Tapetum
3. In the centre of each microsporangium a compact arranged Sporogenous

tissue is _____ tissue
4. The two part of a typical ___ the long and slender stalk called Stamen,
___ and the terminal generally bilobed structure called____ Filament,
anther
5. A typically angiosperm anther is ____ with each lobe having two Bilobed,
theca i.e. they are called ____ dithecous
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6. The anther is a four sided structure consisting of four ___ located Microsporgia
at the corners two in each lobe
7. The hard outer layer exine is made up of____ sporopollenin
TRUE AND FALSE
8. Inpollen grains wheresporopollenin is absent called germ pore. True
9. The inner wall of pollen grain is called intine. True
10. In microsporogenesis, PMC undergo mitosis and form pollen False

grain.
11. Pollen grains can be stored in liquid nitrogen at -1960C. True
12. Wheat and rice pollen grains has pollen viability False
13. Match the following
1. Proximal part of filament a. Epidermis,

middle layer,
endothecium
2. 3 wall layers of pollen sac b. Thalamus
3. Sporo-pollenin c. most resistant
material 1-b, 2-a, 3-c, 4-
4. Tapetum d. Poly ploid d
14. In a mature pollen how many nucleus are present name them. 2-nucleus, 1-
vegetative
nucleus
1- generative
nucleus
15. Name any plant that caused pollen allergy Parthenium
16. What is the role of pollen tablets in athletes and race horses Increase
performance
17. What is the pollen viability of the member of Months.
leguminoseaerosaceae
18. Where is the use of pollen bank Crop breeding

programmes
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19. What is the diameter of pollen grain 25-50

micrometer
FILL IN THE BLANKS
20. The basal part of the pistil is _____ Ovary
21. The placenta is located inside the_____ Ovarian cavity
22. Arising from the placenta are ____ commonly called____ Megasporangia
, ovules
23. The landing platform of pollen is_______ Stigma
24. The mitotic division which form embryo sac from megaspore is __ Strictly free
nuclear
25. An ovule has generally 1 embryo sac. True
26. Each ovule has one or two protective envelop called exine and False
intine.
27. Hilum is the region through which ovule attached with funiculus. True
28. Nucellus is mass of cells enclosed within integuments. True
29. Only the non- functional megaspore develops into female False
gametophyte.
30. When an embryo sac develop from a single megaspore called True
monosporic development.
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31. 1- D, 2- A,
Match the following 3- B, 4- C,
5- F, 6- E
COLUMN- A COLUMN- B
1 Central cell A Egg apparatus
2 Egg cell B Chalazal end
3 Antipodal cell C Meiosis
4 MMC D Polar nuclei
5 Gametophyte E Megasporangium
6 Ovule F Embryo sac
32. Which part of the flower represent female reproductive organ. Gynoecium
33. What we say if a flower has many pistils. Multicarpellary
34. If a flower has many pistil and they are fused this condition is Syncarpous
called as
35. What is the name of a cushion like structure attached funiculus Placenta
with ovary wall.
36. What is the process known in which a megaspore is formed from Megasporogen
the megaspore mother cell. esis
37. How many cells and nucleus are present in a developed embryo 7- cells,
sac. 8- nucleus
FILL IN THE BLANKS
38. The transfer of pollen grains from____ to____ is known as___ Anther, stigma,
pollination
39. Transfer of pollen grains from ____to stigma of same flower is Anther,
called____ autogamy
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40. For the formation of embryo sac the ____ undergo meiotic Megaspore
and____ division. mothercell, 1,
3-Mitotic
41. Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma of another flower of Geitonogamy
same plant is called______
.
TRUE/FALSE
42. Xenogamy is only type of pollination in which genetically different True

pollen are germinate on stigma.
43. Water is the most common agent in abiotic pollination. False
44. Wind – pollination is quite common in grasses. True
45. In Vallisneria the pollination agent is water. True
46. Dioecious condition prevent autogamy and geitonogamy. True
47. Match the following
Column-A Column-B
1 Maize A Entemophily
2 Out breeding divice B Water

pollination
3 Chasmogamous C Geitonogamy
and cleistogamous
4 Insect pollination D Prevent self

pollination
5 Amorphophallus E Oxalis
6 Zostera F Tallest flower

57. Which genetic mechanism prevent the self-pollination Self incompatibility
58. Which thype of pollination is found in cleistogamous flower Self pollination
59. How many cells are present in a mature pollen grain 2-cells
60. Which type of pollen grain are germinate on the stigma Compatible pollen
grains
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62. Long silky hair coming out of the cob of maize are Style, Stigma
_______and ________-
63. Removing of stamen at immature stage is called_____ Emasculation
64. 2 polar nuclei fuse together and form_____ Secondary nucleus
65. I male gamete fuse with egg cell nucleus and formed___ Zygote
66. The ploidy of primary endosperm nucleus is_____ 3n
67. Endosperm is a nutritive tissue True
68. In coconut the endosperm is free-nuclear endosperm True
69. Ovary is a ripened ovule. False
70. The study of development of embryo is called embryology True
71. 2-Cotyledons are found in monocotyledons seeds. False
72. In mango the mesocarp is the edible part True
73. Name two non-albuminous seeds. Pea, Groundnut

74. Name 2 albuminous seeds. Maize, Wheat
75. What is perisperm Residual,

presistant
nucellus
76. The term is use for fruits which are develop without Parthenocarpic
fertilization fruits
77. A seed have more than on e embryo this condition is called Polyembryony
as
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HUMAN REPRODUCTION
Q. QUESTION ANSWER
No.
1. Which of the following is not a part of female reproductive Vasdeferens
system? Ovar, oviduct, uterus, vasdeferens, hymen
2. Ovaries are the ……….female sex organs. Primary
3. Ovaries produce the (A) and several (B) hormones. (A) Female gamete
(B) steroid
4. Each ovary is about 5 to 8 cm in length in human. False

(True/false)
5. The ovarian stroma is divided into two zones – a peripheral (A) Cortex (B)
(A) and an inner (B). Medulla
6. The oviduct, uterus and vagina constitute the female False
external genitalia. (True/false)
7. Each fallopian tube is about …………..long. 10-12 cm
8. Which help iin collection of ovum after ovulation? Fimbriae
9. The shape of the uterus is like an apple. (True/false) False
10. How many layers are present in uterus? Three

One/Two/Three/Four
11. Correct sequence of uterine wall outer to inner side? Perimetrium ->
myometrium ->
endometrium
12. The (A) undergoes cyclic changes during menstrual cycle (A) Endometrium
while the (B) exhibits strong contraction during delivery of (B)
the baby. Myometrium
13. Which of the following does not include in external Fimbriae
genitalia in female?
Mons pubis, labia majora, fimbriae, hymen
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14. Match the column: a-(iii), b-(iv), c-(ii), d-

(a) Mons pubis (i) paired fokls of tissue (i)
(b) Labia majora (ii) tiny finger like structure
(c) Clitoris (iii) cushion of fatty tissue
(d) Labia minora (iv) fleshy folds of tissue
15. The clitoris is a tiny finger like structure which lies at the (A) Two labia
upper. minora
(B) Urethral
Junction of the (A) above the (B). opening
16. The presence or absence of hymen is not a reliable True

indicator of virginity or sexual experience. (True/false)
17. A functional mammary gland is characteristic of all animal False
female.
18. The glandular tissue of each breast is divided 15-20
into………mammary lobes.
19. He cells of………..secrete milk. Alveoli
20. The alveoli open into……. Mammary

tubules
21. Several mammary ducts join to form a wider (A) which is (A) Mammary
connected to (B) through which milk is sucked out. ampulla
(B) Lactiferous
duct
22. The primary sex organs the (A) in the males and the (B) in (A) Testis (B)
the females. ovaries
23. Correct sequence of spermatogenesis: a c  d  b
e
(a) Spermatogonia
(b) Spermatids
(c) Primary spermatocyte
(d) Secondary spermatocyte
(e) Spermatozoa
24. After. Spermiogenesis; sperm head become embedded into Sertoli cells
the ………….
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25. Match the column: a-(i), b-(ii), c-(iii)

Column-A Column-B
(a) Spermiation (i) Released of sperms
from the seminiferous tubules
(b) Insemination (ii) Semen is released by the
penis into the vagina
(c) Ejaculation (iii) Released of sperms outside
the male body
26. Match the column: a-(i), b-(iii), c-(ii),
d-(iv)
Column-A Column-B
(a) Spermatogonia (i) multiply by mitotic
division
(b) Primary spermatocyte (ii) undergo secondary
meiotic division
(c) Secondary spermatocytes (iii) undergo meiosis-I
(d) Spermatids (iv) Transformed into
sperms by the process of
spermiogenesis
27. How many structures are haploid? 3 (Spermatozoa,

secondary
Spermatogonia, spermatozoa, spermatids, primary spermatocyte,
spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte spermatid)
28. How many structures are diploid? 2

(Spermatogonia,
Sperms, spermatid, spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte, primary
secondary spermatocyte spermatocyte)
29. Spermatogenesis starts at the age of (A) due to significant (A) Puberty (B)
increase in the secretion of (B). GnRH
30. (A) acts at the leyding cells and stimulates synthesis and (A) LH (B)
secretion of (B). androgens
31. The sperm head contains an elongated diploid nucleus. False

(True/false)
32. Which part of sperm produce energy for the movement of Middle piece
tail?
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33. The human male ejaculates about (A) million sperms during (A) 200-300
a coitus of which for normal fertility at least (B) percent (B) 60 (C)
sperms must have normal shape and size and at least (C) 40
percent of them must show vigorous motility.
34. The functions of make sex accessory ducts and glands are Testicular
maintained by the ……………. hormones
(Androgens)
35. The process of formation of a mature female gamete is Oogenesis
called?
36. The oogenesis is initiated during the ………..stage. Embryonic
development
37. How many primary follicles are left in each ovary at 60,000 – 80,000
puberty?
38. Correct sequence of follicular development: bdca
(a) Graafian follicle (Mature tertiary)
(b) Primary follicle
(c) Tertiary follicle
(d) Secondary follicle
39. The Graffian follicle ruptures to release the (A) from the (A) Secondary
ovary by the process called (B). oocyte (B)
Ovulation
40. The reproductive cycle in the female primates is known Menstrual cycle
as……
41. The first menstruation begins at (A) and is called (B). (A) Puberty (B)
Menarche
42. In human females, menstruation is repeated at an average 28 or 29 days.

interval of about?
43. How many ovum is released during the middle of each One
menstrual cycle?
44. Menstrual phase is completed about? 3-5 days
45. The menstrual flow results due to breakdown of………. Endometrium
46. The menstrual phase is followed by the which phase? Follicular phase
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47. During follicular phase changes in the ovary and the uterus (A) Pituitary (B)
are induced by changes in the levels of (A) and (B) Ovarian
hormones.
48. Both LH and FSH attain a peak level about…….of menstrual Mid – cycle
cycle.
49. Which hormone is mainly responsible for ovulation? LH
50. Which hormone is essential for maintenance of Progesterone

endometrium?
51. In human beings, menstrual cycles ceases around the age 50 years
of………
52. The process of fusion of a sperm with an ovum is called? Fertilisation
53. After completion of second meiotic division of the secondary (A) Second polar
oocyte and results in the formation of a (A) and a haploid (B). body (B) Ovum
54. How many chromosomes will be there in the zygote of 46

human?
55. It is correct to say that the sex of the baby is determined by True
the father and not by the mother. (False/true)
56. The (A) division starts as the zygete moves through the (A) Mitotic (B)
isthmus of the oviduct called. (B). Cleavage
57. The embryo with 8 to 16 blastomeres is called? Morula
58. The blastomeres in the blastocyst are arranged into an outer (A) Trophoblast
layer called (A) and an inner group of cells attached to (B) Inner cell
trophoblast called (B). mass
59. Some finger like projection appear on the trophoblast called? Chorionic villi
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60. The structural and functional unit between developing Placenta

embryo and maternal body called?
61. The placenta is connected to the embro through an (A). Umbilical cord
62. Placenta acts as an…………. Endocrine tissue
63. Which of the following hormones are not secrete by Oxytocin,

placenta? HCG, hPL, progesterone, oxytocin, estrogen, prolactin
prolactin, relaxin
64. Match the column:- a-(i), b-(iv), c-(ii),
d-(iii)
Column-A Column-B
(a) After one month of pregnancy (i) Heart is formed
(b) End of second month of pregnancy (ii) Major organ
systems are formed
(c) End of first trimester of pregnancy (iii) First movement
of foetus
(d) During the fifth month of pregnancy (iv) Limbs and digits
develop
65. Parturition is induced by a complex neuroendocrine True
mechanism. (True/false)
66. The signals for parturition originate from the fully developed False
foetus only. (True/false)
67. Which hormone acts on the uterine muscle and causes Oxytocin
stronger uterine contractions.
68. The milk produced during the initial few days of lactation is Colostrum
called?
69. Male reproductive system is located in Pelvic region
70. Scrotum helps in maintaining low temperature of the testes 2-2.5oC

about_____lesser than body tempmerature.
71. Each testis is _______ is shape. Oval
72. Length of each testis is (A) in the length and (B) in width. A = 4 to 5 cm, B
= 2 to 3 cm
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73. Each testis has how many lobules? 250
74. The ______undergo meiotic divisions finally leading to Germ cell

sperm formation.
75. Androgens are secreted by Leydig cells
76. Which is the correct pathway of sperms. Ii – iv – iii – i

(i) Epididymis (ii) Seminiferous tubules
(iii) Vas-efferentia (iv) Rete-testis
77. Glans penis is covered by a loose fold of skin is called. Fore skin
78. The male accessory glands include paired (A) a (B) and A-Seminal
paired (C). vesicle, B-
prostate C-
Bulbourethral
79. Secretions of __________glands also helps in the lubrication Bulbourethral
of penis.
80. Primary spermatocyte is haploid. False (Diploid)
81. Secondary spermatocytes undergo Ist meiotic division False (It show
lInd meiotic
division)
82. Spermatids are transformed into spermatozoa by the Spermiogenesis

process called.
83. Releasing of sperms from seminiferous tubules is known as. Spermiation
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84. Spermatogenesis process start before birth. False (At puberty

due to availability
of more GnRH)
85. LH acts on the A cells and stimulates synthesis of B. A-Leydig, B-

Androgens
86. FSH acts on the A cells and stimulates secretion of B which A-Sertoli, B-
help in the process of C. Some factors, C-
Spermiogenesis
87. The sperm head contains an elongated ______nucleus. Haploid
88. Acrosomal enzyme helps in. Fertilization of

ovum
89. How much of total sperms should show vigorous motility for Minimum = 24%
normal fertility.
90. Which parts secretions are essential for maturation and Epididymis,
motility of sperms. Seminal vesicle,
prostate
91. Sperms + ? = Semen. Seminal plasma
92. Functions of male sex accessory ducts and glands are Androgens
maintained by
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REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
1. Which country in world to initiate family planning programme INDIA
in 1951
2. Improved programmes covering wider reproduction-related ‗Reproductive
areas are currently in operation under the popular name. and child Health
care (RCH)
programmes.
3. Amniocentesis is banned due to. Sex
determination
4. Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI). Scientists Saheli
developed a new oral contraceptive for the females is.
5. Periodic abstinence is which type of contraceptive method Natural method
6. In periodic abstinence couple avoid coitus from 10 to 17 day of

m.c.
7. In m.c. day 10 to 17 is known as Fertile period
8. Lactational amenorrhea is effective only upto maximum 6 month

period of.
9. ‗Nirodh‘ is a popular brand of Condom for male
10. Which contraceptive method also prevent from STD and Condom for male
AIDS.
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11. Match the columns. a-v, b-iv, c-I, d-ii,

e-iii, f-vi
A Non-meclicated IUDs i Uterus unsuitable for
implantation
B Copper-releaasing ii Inhibit ovulation
IUDs
C Harmone-releasing iii Cutting of fallopian
IUDs tube
D Progesterone-pill iv Suppress motility of
sperms
E Tubectomy v Phagocytosis
F Vasectomy vi Cutting of vas-
deferens
12. Ideal contraceptives for the females who wants to delay IUDs
pregnancy.
13. Oral pills for females causes Inhibit ovulation

and implantation
14. Once a-week oral pill is Saheli
15. In emergency which contraceptive methods may be used IUD &

within 72 hours of coitus. progesetogen or
progestogen
estrogen
combination pills
16. Which contraceptive method are also known as sterilization. Surgical method
Sterilisation in male is known as. Vasectomy
18. Government of INDIA legalized MTP in. 1971
19. MTP is considered relatively safe during. First trimester
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20. In ZIFT-early embryo is transferred in (upto 8 blastomeres) Fallopian tube
21. Full form of ZIFT Zygote Intra

Fallopian
Transfer
22. In IUET, embryos with more than 8 blastomeres are Uterus
transferred in
23. Full form of GIFT Gamete Intra
Fallopian
Transfer
24. Procedure in which to form an embryo in the laboratory in ICSI-
which a sperm is directly injected into the cytoplasm of ovum Intracytoplasmic
sperm injection
25. If male is unable to inseminate the semen into vegina then Artificial
which procedure is used. insemination (Al)
or IUI-Intrauterine
insemination.
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GENETICS
(PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATION)
Q.No.QUESTION ANSWER
1. Dominance is not an autonomous feature of a gene in case TRUE

more than one phenotype is influences by the same gene.
2. Mendelian recombinants are due to crossing over. FALSE
3. Mendel Conducted Somatic Hybridization experiments on FALSE

garden pea.
4. Two alleles of a gene are located on homologous sites on FALSE
non homologous chromosomes.
5. Mutation is a phenomenon which results in alteration of DNA TRUE

sequences.
6. Drosophila complete their life cycle in four weeks. FALSE
7. In Drosophila single mating could produce large number of TRUE

progeny files.
8. Drosophila has many types of hereditary variations that can TRUE

be seen with low power microscopes.
9. A true breeding line is one that, having undergone TRUE

continuous self pollination, shows that stable trait inheritance
and expression for several generations.
10. Mendel selected seven visible characters each with two TRUE
contrasting traits.
11. The gene which affect more than one phenotype called TRUE
pleiotropic gene.
12. In a test cross. F1 hybrids are crossed with homozygous FALSE
dominant plants.
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13. Inheritance of one character is always independent to the FALSE

inheritance of other character.
14. Pisum sativum reproduces asexually in nature. FALSE
15. Emasculation is the process of removal of pistils from FALSE

unisexual flowers.
16. Sickle cell anaemia follows the same inheritance pattern as FALSE
that haemophilia.
17. Mendel experiments had a large sampling size. TRUE
18. In a dissimilar pair of factors one member of the pair TRUE

dominates the other.
19. Law of segregation is based on the fact that the alleles do TRUE
not show any blending
20. Multiple alleles can be found only when population studies TRUE
are made.
21. Mendel widely publicized his work. FALSE
22. Mendel‘s approach of using mathematics to explain TRUE

biological
23. Mendel could not provide any physical proof for the existence TRUE
24. Chromosomes as well as genes occurs in pairs. TRUE
25. Gene for same character segregate at the time of ……… Gamete
formation
26. Genes and chromosomes are found in pairs in ______cells. Diploid
27. Alleles are slightly different forms of the same……… Gene
28. When modified allele is equivalent to the unmodified allele it Same phenotype
will produced……………….
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29. Drosophila complete their life cycle in about …….. weeks Two
30. Grass hopper is an example of ….. type of sex determination XO
31. ……..disease shows its transmission from unaffected carrier Sex linked
female to some of the make progeny recessive
32. The possibility of a female becoming a haemophilic is Haemophilic

extremely rare because mother of such a female has to be at
least carrier and the father should be…………..
33. In a monohybrid cross, we study …………. Character. One
34. Holandric genes are present on………….. Y-chromosome
35. Behaviour of Chromosomes was parallel to the behavior of Sutton and

genes explained by …………….. Boveri
36. During spermatogenesis in human males, ………..type of Two

gametes are produced.
37. The gene, which affects many phenotypes. Pleiotropic gene.
38. Mendelian recombinants are due to…………. Independent

assortment
39. Genes present on same chromosome are inherited together Linked gene
called:-
40. Characters are controlled by discrete units called:- Factors
41. In which case F1 generation resembled eithes of the two Dominance

parents?
42. In human beings ‗ABO‘ Blood group is controlled by which Gene 1
gene?
43. How many phenotypes are possible in human ‗ABO‘ Blood Four
group?
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44. Chromosomal theory of inheritance was proposed by. Sutton & Boveri
45. All genes on single chromosome forms:- Linkage group
46. Holandric genes are always transfer from father to… Son
47. Sutton united the knowledge of chromosomal segregation Chromosomal

with Mendelian principles and called it the ……… theory of
Inheritance
48. The unmodified allele, which represents the original Recessive
phenotype is the dominant allele and the modified allele is
generally……….
49. Recessive trait is seen due to…….. Non functional
enzyme or no
enzyme.
50. Match the columns:- A-3, B-1, C-4, D-
2
Column-I Column-II
A Monohybrid 1. Codominance
B ‗AB‘ Blood group 2.Correns
C Dihybrid Cross 3. Dominance
D Mirabilis Jalapa 4. Independent assortment
51. Match the columns:- 1-(E), 2-(A), 3-

(B), 4-(C), 5-(D)
Column-I Column-II
A Hypertrichosis 1. Autosomal Recessive
B Colourblindness 2. Y-chromosome
C Sickle cell Anaemia 3. X- Linked
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52. Match the columns:- 1-(E), 2-(A), 3-

(B), 4-(C) 5-(D)
Column-I Column-II
1 Sickle cell anaemia (A) Haemophilia
2 Bleeder‘s disease (B) Hugodevries
3 Mutation (C) ‗O‘ Blood group
4 Universal donor (D) Mendel
5 Pisum sativum (E) Sickle shape RBCs
53. I II (A) –v, (B)-iv,

(C)-iii, (D)-
(A) (i) Death ii, (E)-i
(B) (ii) Five unaffected

offspring
(C) (iii) Sex unspecified
(D) (iv) Female

5
(E) (v) male
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EVOLUTION
Q.No. QUESTION ANSWER
1. The study of history of life forms on earth Evolutionary

Biology
2. Stellar distances are measured in Light years
3. The universe is very old almost 20 Billion years
4. Which theory attempts to explain to us the origin of Big-Bang Theory

universe?
5. In the solar system of the milky way galaxy, the earth was 4.5 Billion years
supposed to have been formed about back
6. If life come out of decaying and rotting matter like straw, Spontaneous
mud etc. This was the theory of generation
7. The scientist who by careful experimentation demonstrated Louis Pasteur

that life comes only from pre-existing life.
8. Oparin of Russia and Haldane of England proposed that Chemical

the first form of life could have come from pre-existing non- evolution
living organic molecules (eg. RNA, protein etc) and that
formation of life was preceded by
9. In 1953, S.L. Miller, an American scientist, created electric CH4, H2, NH3 and
discharge in a closed flask containing which gases at water vapour
o
800 C.
10. Based on observations made during a sea voyage in a sail Charles-Darwin

ship called H.M.S. Beagle round the world who concluded
that existing living forms share similarities.
11. The fitness, according to Darwin, refers ultimately and only Reproductive
to fitness
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12. According to Darwin, mechanism of evolution is Natural selection
13. Remains of hard parts of life form in rocks are Fossils
14. Study of animal fossils are Paleozoology
15. The same structure developed along different directions Homologous

due to adaptions to different needs structure
16. Analogous structures are a result of Convergent

evolution
17. The flippers of Penguins and Dolphins are an example of Analogy
18. Which can be used as industrial pollution indicators? Lichens
19. Moths that were able to _________themselves. i, e hide in Camouflage

the background, survived
20. We employ antibiotics or drugs against eukaryotic Anthropogenic-
organisms/cells. Hence, resistant organisms/cells are action
appearing in a time scale of month or years and not
centuries. These are example of evolution due to
21. On which islands Darwin observed many varieties of Galapagos
finches Islands
22. Who worked in Malay Archepelago Alfred Wallace
23. The process of evolution of different species in a given Adaptive

geographical area starting from a point and literally radiation
radiating to other areas of geography (habitats) is called
24. Two examples of adaptive radiations are Darwin‘s finches

and Australian-
marsupials
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25. When more than one adaptive radiations appeared to have Convergent
occurred in an isolated geographical area (representing evolution
different habitats). One can call this
26. The rate of appearance f new forms is linked to the life True
cycle or the life span. True/False
27. The geological history of earth closely correlates with the True
biological history of earth. True /False
28. Acording to Darwin, adaptive ability is acquired. True/False False (It is

inherited)
29. Two key concepts of Darwinian theory of evolution are Branching

descent and
natural
30. The work of Thomas Malthus on populations influenced Darwin
31. Hugo de Vries based on his work on which plant brought Evening primrose
forth the idea of mutation?
32. Single step large mutation is called Saltation
33. Which principle says that allele frequencies in a population Hardy Weingberg
are stable and is constant generation to generation. P2 + principle
2
2pq + q =1
34. Natural selection can lead to stabilization, directional True

change or disruption. True/False
35. The first cellular forms of life appeared on earth about 2000
______million years ago (mya)
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36. Which of the following is the correct sequence of ancestor Adcb

of the evolution of plant forms.
a-Chlorophyte, b-Psilophyton, c-Rhynia type, d-
Tracheophyte
37. Jawless fish probably evolved around 500 mya. True/False False (350 mya)
38. In 1938, a fish caugnt in _______happened to be a South Africa.

coelacanth which was thought to be extinct.
39. ______evolved into the first amphibians. Lobefins
40. _______were present but they all fell to form coal deposits Giant ferns
slowly. (Pteridophytes)
41. About 200 myya the dinosaurs suddenly disappeared from False (It is 65
the earth. (True/False) mya)
42. Dryopithecus and Ramapithecus were existing 15 mya

about______.
43. Two mya, which man ancestor probably lived in East Australopithecine
African grasslands? s
44. Homo habilis has the brain capacities about. 650-800 c.c
45. Homo erectus had a large brain around 900 c.c and True
probably ate meat. True/False
46. Who with a brain size of 1400 cc lived in near east and Neanderthal man
central Asia between 1,00000-40,000 years back.
47. Homo sapiens arose in which place and moved across Africa.
continents and developed into distinct races.
48. The story of evolution of modern man is most interesting & True
appear to parallel evolution of human brain and language.
True/False
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49. Match the column a. v

b. iv
a. Ice age i. Stood erect first
c. i
b. Pre historic cave art ii. Ichthyosaurs d. ii
c. Australopithecus iii. Tyrannosaurus e. iii
d. Fish like reptile iv. 18000 yrs ago f. vii
g. vi
e. Biggest dinosaurs v. 75000-10000 yrs ago h. x
f. Homo erectus vi. Mammal ancestor i. viii
g. Therapsids vii. 1.5 mya j. ix
h. Coelacanth viii. Small and directional
i. Darwinian variations ix. Random and direction less
j. Mutations x. Lobefins
50. What is the correct sequence of the evolutionary stage of badec
horse
a. Mesohippus b. Eohippus
c. Equus d. Merrychippus
e. Pliohippus
51. The correct sequence of human ancestors in increasing e-d-b-a-c
brain capacities.
a. Neanderthal man b. H. erectus
c. Cromagnon man d. H. habilis
e. Australopithecus
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HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASE
1. In early times Hippocrates & Indian Ayurveda system Humors

asserted that state of body & mind are balanced by:-
2. ―Good Humors‖, Hypothesis given by:- Hippocrates &
Ayurveda
3. ―Good Humor‖ Hypothesis discarded by:- William Harvey
4. Health is affected by:- Genetic disorder,

infections & life
style
5. Health is maintained by:- Balance diet,
personal hygiene
& regular
exercise
6. Effect of health brings:- Productivity,
prosperity,
longevity of
people &
decreased
mortality of
mother & infant
7. Adversely affected organ with characterized by signs & Disease
symptoms are affected by
8. Disease which are transmitted from one person to another Infectious

is known as:- disease
9. Major cause of death among non-infectious disease is:- Cancer
10. Disease causing agents are known as:- Pathogens
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11. Due to interference of pathogen in normal vital activities Morphological &

results functional
damage of cell
12. For survival of pathogen within the environment of the host, Adapt to life
pathogen have to:-
13. Transmission of “Salmonella typhi” through:- Contaminated
food & water
14. Symptoms like sustained high fever (390 to 400C), Typhoid

weakness, stomach pain, constipation, headache & loss of
appetite are related with:-
15. Death occur in severe case of typhoid due to:- Intestinal
perforation
16. Confirmation test for typhoid is:- Widal
17. Carrier of typhoid, who spread disease for several years Mary Mallon
was:-
18. Bacteria responsible for pneumonia is:- Streptococcus

pneumonia/Haem
ophilus influenza
19. Site of infection in pneumonia:- Alveoli of lungs
20. Symptoms like fever, chills, cough, headache and severe Pneumonia
case turning of color of nail from gray to bluish occurs in
21. Malaria is a ______disease Protozoan
22. The most serious type of malaria, malignant malaria which Plasmodium
can ever be fatal is caused by:- falciparum
23. Infectious form of plasmodium for humans is:- Sporozoites
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24. Transmitting agent for Plasmodium species is:- Female

Anopheles
mosquito
25. Toxin in malaria, which results chill & high fever in humans Haemozoin
is:
26. The storage area for Plasmodium in female Anopheles Salivary gland
mosquito is:-
27. Sexual stage which develops in RBCs is:- Gametocytes
28. Causative agent of a protozoan disease which cause Entamoeba

amoebiasis is:- histolytica
29. Mechanical carrier for amoebic dysentery is:- House fly
30. Common round worm, which shows symptoms like internal Ascaris
bleeding, muscular pain, fever, anemia & blockage of
intestinal passage is:-
31. Filarial worm which cause chronic inflammation in Elephantiasis or

lymphatic vessels usually in lower limbs in:- filariasis
32. Genera which is responsible for fungal disease ringworm Microsporum,

are:- Trichophyton &
Epidermophyton
33. Deadful disease which is completely eradicated is:- Small pox
34. Non specific type of defence that is present at the time of Innate immunity
birth is:-
35. The main physical barrier of our body which prevents entry Skin & mucosal
of micro-organism from environment is:- epithelium
36. Polymorpho-nuclear leucocyte (PMNL) cells which form Neutrophil

cellular barrier are:-
37. Protein which is secreted by virus infected cell and form Interferon
cytokine barrier is:-
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38. When our body encounters first time with a pathogen. Then Primary resonse
the first time low intensity response is known as:-
39. Highly intensified second time response in acquired Anamnestic

immunity on the basis of previous memory is called as:- response
40. Proteins which are produced by B-lymphocytes in response Antibodies

to pathogen are:-
41. Formula which represent the antibody is;- H2L2
42. Antibody mediated immunity & cell mediated immunity are B-lymphocyte &
represented respectively by:- T-lymphocyte
43. When the immune system of host are exposed to antigen Active immunity
and produces antibodies it is called as:-
44. Yellowish find which contains lg A antibody and protects in Colostrum

initial day of infant is:-
45. Principle of vaccination or immunization is: Memory
46. When preformed antibodies against the antigen is injected Passive immunity
to patient and immunity is acquired than type of immunity
is:-
47. Vaccine produced using method of recombinant DNA Hepatitis-B
technology is:-
48. Exaggerated response of immune system to certain antigen Allergy

is known as:-
49. Due to genetic or unknown reasons, the immune system Auto immunity
attacks on self cell, it is called as:-
50. Constitue of 50% of lymphoid tissue which located within Mucosa

the major respiratory, digestive & urogenital tract is known associated
as:- lymphoid tissue
(MALT)
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51. Enzyme which is required in AIDS disease to form viral Reverse

DNA from viral RNA is:- transcriptase
52. Number of these cells decreases progressively during HIV Helper T-

infection leading to immunodeficiency. lymphocytes
53. Infections occurring in AIDS due to immunodeficiency. Mycobacterium,

viruses, fungi and
parasites like
Toxoplasma.
54. Widely used diagnostic test for AIDS is:- ELISA
55. The cell which continues to produce virus and act like HIV Macrophage
factory is:-
56. Phenomenon of cell by which it inhibits the uncontrolled Contact inhibition

growth is:
57. The property of malignant tumor through which it spreads in Metastasis

all over body is:-
58. Physical, chemical or biological factors which transform a Carcinogen

normal cell into cancerous cell, known as:-
59. Biological response modifier which activate their immune x-interferon

system and help in destroying the tumor is:-
60. White, odourless, bitter crystalline compound which are Smack/Heroin

chemically diacetyl morphine is:-
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61. Receptor for the opioid drugs are present in our body at:- Central Nervous
system and
gastrointestinal
tract
62. Marijuana, hashish, charas and ganja are produced by Cannabinoids
group of chemical known as:-
63. Native to South America which interfere the transport of Coca alkaloid or
dopamine neurotransmitter is:- cocaine
64. The first use of drug may be out of:- Curiosity or

experiment
65. Anxiety, shakiness, nausea and sweating symptoms are Withdrawal

relieved when use is resumed are known as:- syndrome
66. Reckless behavior, vandalism violence etc. are adverse Drug & alchohal
effect of abuse
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STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCEMENT IN FOOD PRODUCTION

1. _______is the agricultural practice of breeding and raising Animal

livestock husbandary
2. How much percent of the world livestock population is in 70%

India and China
3. Name the branch of biology deals with rearing, catching, Fishery
selling of fish, molluscs and crustacean.
4. ________is the management of animals for milk and its Dairing
products for human consumption.
5. In__________we deals with the processes and systems Dairy farm

that increases yield and improve quality of milk. management
6. _______is primarily dependent on the quality of breeds in Milk yield

the farm.
7. ______is the class of domesticated fowl used for food or Poultry

for their eggs.
8. What is the aim of animal breeding? Increasing the

yield of animals
and improving the
desirable qualities
of the produce
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9. What do we understand by the term breed? A group of animals

related by descent
and similar in most
characters like
general
appearance,
features, size,
configuration etc
are said to belong
to a breed.
10. When breeding is between animals of the same breed it is Inbreeding

called____________.
11. When breeding is between animals of different breeds, it Cross breeding

is called_____.
12. Inbreeding refers to the mating of more closely related 4 to 6
individuals within the same breed for ______generations.
13. The breeding strategy is as follows--_____males and Superior, superior,
_____females of the ______breed are identified and same
mated in pairs.
14. Inbreeding Increases_____. Homozygosity
15. What is inbreeding depression? Continued

inbreeding,
especially close
inbreeding, usually
reduces fertility
and even
productivity
16. How can we restore fertility and yield in case of inbreeding Selected animals
depression? of the breeding
population should
be mated with
unrelated superior
animals of the
same breed.
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17. Outbreeding is the breeding of _______animals which Unrelated, no

may be between individuals of the same breed but common
having______ ancestors or
between different
breeds or different
species
18. What is cross breeding? In this method,
superior males of
one breed are
mated with
superior females
of another breed
19. What is the significance of cross breeding? It allows the
desirable qualities
of two different
breeds to be
continued the
progeny hybrid
animals may
themselves be
used for
commercial
production
20. In this method, male and female animals of two different Interspecific
related species are mated. hybridization
21. Controlled breeding experiments are carried out Artificial

using______. insemination
22. ______helps us overcome several problems of normal Artificial

mating insemination
23. The semen is collected from the male that is choosen as a Artificial
parent and injected into the reproductive tract of the insemination
selected female by the breeder. This technique is_____.
24. In this method, a cow is administrated hormones with FSH Multiple Ovulation
like activity, to induce follicular maturation and super Embryo Transfer
ovulation instead of one egg. This method is_______ Technology
(MOET)
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25. What is the significance of MOET? High milk yielding

breads of females
and high quality
meat yielding bulls
have been bred
successfully to
increase herd size
in a short time
26. _______is the maintenance of hives of honey bees for the Bee keeping or
production of honey. apiculture
27. Most common species of honey bee in India is Apis indica
28. Name some very common fresh water fishes that are Catla, Rohu,
eaten today Common carp
29. Name some very common marine water fishes that are Hilsa, Sardines,
eaten today Mackerel,
Pomfrets
30. _____was dependent to a large extent on plant breeding Green revolution
techniques for development of high yielding and disease
resistant varieties of wheat, rice, maize etc.
31. ______is the purposeful manipulation of plant species in Plant breeding

order to create desired plant types are better suited for
cultivation, giving better yields and are disease resistant.
32. Present day many crops are the result of_________ Domestication in
ancient times
33. ______involves crossing or hybridization of__________, Classical plant

followed by______to produce plants with _______of breeding, pure
higher yield, nutrition and ______to diseases lines, artificial
selection,
desirable traits
resistance
34. If we were to list the traits or characters that the breeders Crop yield, quality
have tried to incorporate into crop plants, the first we
would list would be increased _____ and
improved_______
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35. _______is the root of any breeding programme. Genetic variability
36. What do you meant by germplasm collection? The entire

collection having
all the diverse
alleles for all
genes in a given
crop is called
germplasm
collection
37. What are the main steps in breeding a new genetic variety (a) Collection of
of a crop? variability
(b) evaluation and
selection of parents
(c) cross
hybridization among
the selected parents
(d) selection and
testing of superior
recombinants (e)
testing, release and
commercialization of
new cultivars
38. India is mainly an agricultural country. Agriculture 33, 62

accounts for approximately ______per cent of India‘s GDP
and employs nearly____ per cent of the population.
39. During the period 1960 to 2000, wheat production 11 million tones,
increased from_______to ________ whereas rice 75 million tones,
production went up from to ______ 35 million tones,
89.5 million tones
40. Name the scientist who first of all develop semidwarf Norman E.
variety of wheat Borlaug
41. In 1963, several varieties such as ______and ____, which Sonalika, kalian
were high yielding and disease resistant were introduced sona
all over the wheat growing belt of India.
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42. _____is the variety of sugarcane was originally grown in Saccharum

north india. barberi
43. Tropical canes grown in south india ______ had thicker Saccharum
stems and higher sugar content but did not grow well in officinarum
north india.
44. Name some plant disease caused by fungi Brown rust of
wheat, red rot of
sugarcane, late
blight of potato
45. Name some plant diseases caused by bacteria Black rot of
crucifers
46. Name some plant diseases caused by viruses Tobacco mosaic,
Turnip mosaic
47. The conventional method of breeding for disease Hybridization,

resistance is that of ____ and ____ selection
48. Complete the following table (a) Himgiri

(b) Brassica
Crop Variety Resistant to
(c) White
diseases
rust
Wheat __a___ Leaf and stripe rust (d) Black rot
__b___ Pusa swarnim ____c____ and Curl
Cauliflower Pusa Shubra ____d___ blight
black rot
Cowpea __e_____ Bacterial blight (e) Pusa
Chilli Pusa sadabahar ____f____ komal
(f) Chilli
mosaic
virus,
Tobacco
mosaic
virus,
leaf curl
49. ______ is the process by which genetic variations are Mutation

created through changes in the base sequence within
genes resulting in the creation of a new character or trait
not found in parental type.
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50. In mung bean, resistance to ____ and _____were induced Yellow mosaic
by mutations virus, powdery
mildew
51. Resistance to yellow mosaic virus in bhindi was Parbhani kranti

transferred from a wild species and resulted in a new
variety of Abelmoschus esculentus called____
52. Some released crop varieties bred by hybridization and (a) Pusa
selection, for insect pest resistance are given in the table, Gaurav
complete the table (b) Pusa
sem 2,
Crop Variety Insect Pests
Pusa
Brassica ___a______ Aphids sem 3
Flat bean ____b______ Jassids, ___c__, (c) Aphids
and fruit borer (d) Shoot
and fruit
Okra Pusa sawani ____d____ borer
53. What is meant by biofortification? Breeding crops

with higher levels
of vitamins and
minerals, or higher
protein and
healthier fats
54. Breeding for improved nutritional quality is undertaken Protein, oil,
with the objectives of improving the content and quality of vitamin,
____, ______ wheaeras he content of ______, micronutrient,
_______and ____ mineral
55. In 2000, maize hybrids that had twice the amount of the Lysine, tryptophan
amino acids ___ and ____, compared to existing maize
hybrids were developed.
56. Write the full forms of the following (a) Single Cell
Protein
(a) SCP (b) IARI (b) Indian
Agricultural
Research Institute
57. As traditional breeding techniques failed to keep pace with Tissue culture
demand and to provide sufficiently fast and efficient
systems for crop improvement, another technology called
_________got developed
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58. What is totipotency? Capacity to

generate a whole
plant from any
cell/explants is
called totipotency
59. Any part of a plant taken out and grown in a test tube, Explants
under sterile conditions in a special nutrient media that
plant part is called
60. The method of producing large number of plants in very micropropagation

short duration using plant explants by tissue culture is
called
61. Plant produced by micropropagaton will be genetically Somaclones

identical to the original plant from which they were grown ;
they are called
62. Isolated protoplasts from two different varieties of plants; Somatic hybrids
can be fused to get hybrid protoplast. These hybrids are
called
63. What are the objectives of animal breeding? The purpose of

animal breeding is
to produce
animals with high
yield, faster growth
and improved
reproductive rate
64. Name the methods employed in animal breeding Inbreeding,
Outbreeding,
Cross breeding,
interspecific
hybridization,
Artificial
insemination,
MOET
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65. Multiple ovulation embryo transfer is the best method Because it results
employed in animal breeding. Why? in the
development of
superior traits of
both the breeds
and the progeny
produced are
fertile and there is
no inbreeding
depression
66. Which part of the plant is best suited for making virus free The apical or
plants axillary meristems
67. What is the major advantage of producing plants by It is faster method

micropropagation? of producing a
large number of
plants. Plants
formed by
micropropagation
are genetically
identical to the
original plant.
68. Find out the various components of the medium used for Sucrose (source
propagation of an explants in vitro are? for energy and
carbon), inorganic
salts, vitamins,
growth regulators
(auxins and
cytokinins)
69. Name any five hybrid varieties of crop plants which have Sonalika (wheat),
been developed in India. Himgiri (wheat),
Pusa swarnim
(mustard), Pusa
sem 2 (bean),
Pusa sawani (lady
finger)
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MICROBES IN HUMAN WELFARE

1. Which kingdoms of the living organisms contain Monera & Protista

microorganism?
2. Which Microorganism grow in milk and convert it to curd? Lactic acid
Bacteria (LAB)
3. Which microorganism improves the nutritional quality of LAB
curd by increasing vitamin B12?
4. The puffed-up appearance of dough is due to production CO2 gas
of
5. The dough which is used for making bread is fermented Saccharomyces

by which microbe? cerevisiae
6. Which traditional drink in some part of southern India is Toddy

made by fermenting sap of palms?
7. Match the column 1-d, 2,-c, 3-b, 4-a

Column-I Column-II
(1) Propionibacterium (a) Penicillin
(2) Saccharomyces (b) Citric acid
(3) Aspergillus niger (c) Ethanol
(4) Penicillium (d) Swiss cheese
notatum
8. Production on an industrial scale, requires growing Fermentor

microbes in very large vessels called:-
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9. From given table choose that alcoholic drinks which are Wine, Beer
produced without distillation of fermented broth
Whisky, Wine
Brandy, Rum,
Beer
10. Name of the first antibiotic to be discovered:- Penicillin
11. Match the column 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a

Column-A Column-B
(1) Acetobacter aceti (a) Cyclosporin A
(2) Clostridium (b) Lactic acid
butylicum
(3) Lactobacillus (c) Butyric acid
(4) Trichoderma (d) Acetic acid
Polysporum
12. Which group of enzymes are used in detergent Lipases

formulation and are helpful in removing oily stains from the
laundary
13. Fill in the Blank A-Statin
B-Monascus
(i) …..A…….is the blood-chloesterol lowering agent purpureus
which is produced by the yeast…….B………
A-Streptokinase
(ii)……..A……….Produced by the bacterium streptococcus
B-Clotbuster
and modified by genetic engineering is used as a
C-Clots
…….B…..for removing…….C……….from blood vessel.
14. Physical removal of large and small particles from the Primary treatment
sewage through filtration and sedimentation is done
under:
15. What is the flocs in Biological treatment step Masses of bacteria
associated with
fungal filament to
form mesh like
structure
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16. The amount of oxygen that would be consumed if all BOD (Biochemical
organic matter in one liter of water oxidized by bacteria is oxygen demand)
called?
17. Which of the following is True/False

(i) The lower the BOD of waste water more is its polluting
False
potential
(ii) Secondary treatment of sewage waste also called
True
Biological treatment
(iii) Treatment of waste water is done by the Heterotrophic
True
microbes naturally present in the sewage
(iv) Sediment which treated with bacterial flocs is called
activated sludge True
(v) A small part of activated sludge is pumped into large
tank called anaerobic sludge digesters. False
18. In anaerobic sludge digesters during digestion, bacteria (i) Methane

produce mixture of gases called biogas. Give the three (ii) Hydrogen
example of components of biogas. sulphide
(iii) Carbon dioxide
19. Which two action plan initiated by the ministry of Ganga action Plan
environment and forests to save major rivers of our & Yamuna action
country from pollution? Plan
20. The technology of biogas production was developed in IARI & KVIC
India mainly due to the efforts of
21. Give the name of pathogen which attack on insect and Baculoviruses
other Arthopods so used as biological control agents.
22. Majority of baculoviruses used as biological control agents Nucleopolyhedrovi
belong to which genus? rus
23. The main sources of biofertilisers are…… Bacteria, fungi and

cyanobacteria
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24. In Paddy fields which microorganism serve as important Cyanobacteria

biofertiliser?
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BIOTECHNOLOGY: PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES

1. The techniques of using live organisms or enzymes from Biotechnology

organisms to produce products and processes useful to
humans.
2. Who define biotechnology as the integration of natural European

science and organisms cells, parts thereof, and molecular Federation of
analogues for products and servies? Biotechnology
(EFB)
3. Write down the two core techniques that enabled birth of (i) Genetic
modern biotechnology. engineering
(ii) Maintenance of
sterile (microbial
contamination-free)
ambience and
manufacture of
biotechnological
products.
4. Asexual reproduction preserves the________, while Genetic

sexual reproduction permits______. information,
variation
5. Which techniques of genetic engineering overcome the Recombinant
limitation and allows us to isolate and introduce only one DNA, gene cloning
or a set of desirable genes without introducing undesirable and gene transfer
genes into the target organism?
6. The fate of piece of DNA, which is somehow transferred False
into an alien organism would always integrated and
multiply. (True/False)
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7. Name the specific sequence which is responsible for Origin of

initiation of replication? replication (ori.)
8. The technique which is responsible for making multiple Cloning

identical copies of any template DNA called_____
9. Autonomously replicating circular extra-chromosomal DNA Plasmid

in bacterial cell is called_____
10. Who constructed the first recombinant DNA? Stanley Cohen
and Herbert Boyer
(1972)
11. Which enzyme is known as molecular scissors? Restriction
endonuclease
12. The cutting of DNA at specific locations is become Restriction

possible due to________- endonuclease
13. When a cut piece of DNA linked with plasmid and transfers Vector
the linked DNA then in this condition plasmid act as
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14. Mosquito acts as an ______ to transfer ___--the into Vector, malaria

human body. parasite
15. Which enzyme links the antibiotic resistance gene with the DNA ligase
plasmid vector?
16. When a cut piece of DNA linked with plasmid with the help Recombinant DNA
of ligase enzyme then this result in formation of new DNA, (r-DNA)
known as…………
17. What are the three basic steps in genetically modifying as 1. Identification of
organism? DNA with
desirable genes
2. Introduction of
the identified DNA
into the host
3. Maintenance of
introduced DNA in
the host and
transfer of the
DNA to its
progeny.
18. Name the enzyme that cut the DNA at specific site:- Restriction
endonuclease
19. The first discovered restriction endonuclease enzyme Hind II

was:-
20. Hind-II always cut DNA molecules at a particular point by Recognition

recognising a specific sequence of six base pairs. This sequences
specific base sequence is known as the ………
21. Today we know more than________ that have been 900 restriction
isolated from over _______ of bacteria each of which enzymes, 230
recognize difference recognition sequences. strains
22. Match the column for enzyme EcoRI 1-B, 2-D, 3-C, 4-A
Column A Column B
1. E A. Order of enzyme isolation
2. Co B. genus
3. R C. name of strain
4. I D. species
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23. Restriction enzymes belong to which class of enzymes? Nucleases
24. Which nuclease remove nucleotides from the ends of the Exonuclease
DNA?
25. Which specific nucleotide sequences is recognizes by Palindromic

restriction endonuclease in DNA? nucleotide
sequences.
26. What is the Recognition sequence of EcoR1? 5‘GAATTC3‘
27. The groups of letters that form the same words when read Palindrome
both forward and backward, eg. ―MALAYALAM‖ is sequence of base
called_____ pairs
28. What is the process of insertion of recombinant DNA in Transformation

bacterial cell?
29. The cell which contain recombinant DNA Transformed and

recombinant cell
30. Name the technique which is use to separate the DNA Gel
fragments? electrophoresis
31. In electrophoresis which compound is use to stain DNA Ethidium bromide

fragments
32. Nowadays which is the most commonly used matrix for Agarose
electrophoresis?
33. From where the agarose extracted? Sea weeds
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34. Name the useful selectable markers for E.coli? Ampicillin,

chloramphenicol,
,tetracycline or
kanamycin,
resistance gene
35. The extraction of DNA fragment from agarose gel is Elution
called_______
36. Match the column 1-D, 2-A, 3-C, 4-B

Column A Column B
1. Recombinant DNA technology A. Vector
2. Cloning vehicle B. Joining enzyme
3. Macromolecule separation C. Gel electrophoresis
4. DNA ligase D. Genetic engineering
37. Name the process which is use to check the progression Agarose gel
of restriction enzyme digestion. electrophoresis
38. Which type of substrate produced colour for differentiation Cromogenic

of recombinant and non-recombinant colonies? substrate
39. True and false:

1. The uptake of DNA during transformation is an active
True
process.
2. In recombinant DNA, DNA inserted within the coding True
sequence of an enzyme beta galactosidase.
3. Bioreactor provides the optimal conditions for obtaining True
desired product.
4. In insertional inactivation process alien gene introduced False
in ori. Sequence.
40. The process include separation and purification of Downstream
desirable protein is called_________ processing
41. After insertion inactivation of galactosidase gene which Recombinant

type of colonies do not produce any colour? colonies
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42. The part of Ti Plasmid is transferred by T DNA

Agrobactrium in dicot plant is called
43. If any protein encoding gene is xpressed in a heterologus Recombinant

host, is called a……….. protein
44. Which type of ion use to increase the efficiency of uptake Divalent catiion
of DNA by bacterial cell? (Ca+)
45. The bacterial cell which is able to uptake plasmid DNA is Competent cell
called ___.
46. Inbiolistic or gene gun method DNA is coated with ______ Gold or Tungsten
47. By which method rDNA is directly injected into the nucleus Microinjection
of animal cell?
48. Which enzyme is use for removal of RNA molecule in Ribonuclease

DNA isolation process.
49. In DNA isolation for the precipitation reaction which Chilled ethanol
chemical is used?
50. From which bacteria thermo stable taq DNA polymerase is Thermus
isolated? aquaticus
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BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION

1. Which technology is used to purify the protein/ organic Downstream

compound? processing
technology
2. Plants, bacteria, fungi and animals whose genes have Genetically

been altered by manipulation are called______ modified organism
(GMO)
3. Which of the following statement is true/false

True
(i) Genetic modification has made crops more tolerant to
abiotic stress False
(ii) Genetic modification has increased reliance on
chemical pesticides True
(iii) Agrochemical based agriculture is a option that can be
thought for increasing food production False
(iv) the green revolution succeeded in tripling the food
supply and it was enough to feed growing human
population
4. Which type of plants are created with the use of GM to Tailor made plants
supply alternative resources to industries?
5. Bt toxin is produced by a bacterium called_____. Bacillus
thuringiensis
6. Which type of gene has been cloned from the bacteria and Bt toxin gene
been expressed in the palnt to provide resistance to
insects.
7. Name the orders of insects which killed by proteins that Lepidopterans,
produce by some strains of Bacillus thuringiensis:- Coleopterans and
Dipterans
8. Which type of Ph is responsible for conversion of inactive Alkaline pH
Bt protoxin into active form of toxin
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9. Fill in the blanks:

(a) Midgut
(i) The activated Bt toxin binds to the ____(a)______and
epithelial cell (b)
create _____(b)____
Pores
(ii) B.thuringiensis form a protein crystal during a particular
(a) Phase of their
___(a) ____these crystals contain a toxic __(b)________
growth
(iii) The choice of Bt genes depends upon
(b) Insecticidal
_______(a)____and ________(b)_______as most Bt
protein
toxins are _____(c)______
(a) The crop (b) the
target pest
(c) Insect group
specific
10. What is the name of that gene which is responsible for the Cry gene
coding of Bt toxin
11. Give the two name of cry gene which control the cotton Cry I Ac, cry II Ab
bollworms:-
12. Which nematode infects the roots of tobacco plants Meloidegyne
incognitia
13. A novel strategy was adopted to prevent the infection of RNA interference
nematode was based on which process? (RNAi)
14. Which take place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method RNAi
of cellular defense
15. In RNA the source of complementary RNA could be from RNA intermediate
an infection by viruses having RNA genomes or Mobile
genetic elements (transposons) that form complementary
RNA replicate via an_____.
16. Match the column
Column-A Column-B
(1) RNAi (a) corn borer 1-d, 2-a, 3-b, 4-c
(2cry I Ab (b) Cotton bollworms
(3) cry I Ac (c) proinsulin
(4) C peptide (d) Silencing of
Specific mRNA
17. In earlier insulin used for diabetes was extracted from Slaughtered cattle
pancreas of which animals? and pigs
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18. In mature insulin chain-SA chain -B are linked Disulphide bridge

together by which bond?
19. Which peptide chain is removed during maturation of C-Peptide

proinsulin
20. What is the main challenge for production of insulin Getting insulin
using r-DNA techniques assembled into a
mature form
21. If a person is born with a hereditary disease, which Gene therapy
corrective therapy be taken for such a disease
22. The first clinical gene therapy was given in ____ 1990
23. Adenosine deaminase enzyme is crucial for which Immune system

system to function?
24. Give the name of any three techniques that serve the r-DNA technology,
purpose of early diagnosis ELISA & PCR
25. Very low concentration of bacteria or virus (at a time Amplification of their
when the symptoms of the disease are not yet visible) Nucleic acid by PCR
can be detected by
26. Which techniques is now routinely used to detect HIV PCR

in suspected AIDS patients?
27. ELISA which is a molecular diagnosis techniques is Antigen antibody

based on which principle? interaction
28. Animal that have had their DNA manipulated to Transgenic animals
posses and express an extra (foreign) gene are
known as :-
29. Human protein α-1- antitrypsin used to treat______ Emphysema
30. Name of the first transgenic cow is :- Rosie
31. The milk of first transgenic cow contained a human Human alpha-
protein_____ lactalbumin
32. Which organisation in India make decision regarding GEAC(Genetic

the validity of GM research and safety of introducing engineering
GM organisms for public services? approval committee)
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33. The use of bioresources of multinational companies Biopiracy

and other organisation without proper authorisation
from the countries and people concerned without
compensatory payment is called :-
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ECOLOGY
Q.NO. QUESTION ANSWER
1. Match column-I with column-II 1-c, 2-b, 3-d, 4-a,
5-e
Column-I Column-II
1. Commensalism a. +, -
2. Amensalism b. 0,-
3. Competition c. 0,+
4. Predation d. -,-
5. Symbiosis e. +,+
2. Mutualism is an __X__ whereas proto-co-operation is X= obligatory

a __y__ relation in which both interacting species are Y= non- obligatory
benefitted.
3. Interaction in which either one or both participating Detrimental or

species are harmed such interaction are called_____ negative
interactions
4. In how many of following relations the interacting Three [Predation,
species live closely together :- Parasitism,
Competition, predation, Parasitism, Commensalism, Commensalism]
Amensalism
5. Which organism shows the following properties in an Predators

ecosystem.
 Act as conduit of energy transfer

 Maintain species diversity in community
 Regulate the population of species
 Prudent in nature
6. More than 10 species of invertebrates became extinct Interspecific

within a year from the American pacific coast when competition
Pisaster starfish was removed. This extinction was
due to-
7. Some insects and frogs are cryptically coloured to Camouflage
avoid being detected by predators. This is called -
8. How much percentage of all insects are phytophagous = 25%

which feeds on plant sap and other plant part?
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9. Match the column regarding defence mechanisms A-(iii), B-(iv), C-(i),

adopted by prey species to be protected. D-(ii)
Column-A Column-B
A. Cardiac i. Acacia, cactus
glycosides
B. Distasteful due ii. Insects
to a special
chemical
C. Thorns iii. Calotropis
D. Camouflage iv. Monarch butterfly
10. When a species is introduced into new geographical Absence of its

area becomes invasive and causes havoc by natural predator
spreading rapidly, due to_________
11. When feeding efficiency of one species is reduced in Interference

presence of the other species even if the resources competition
are abundant, it is called-
12. Match the following columns- 1-C, 2-A, 3-B
Column-I Column- II
1. Resources A. Gause
partitioning
2. Competitive B. Darwin
exclusion
3. Struggle for C. Mc Arthus

existence
13. Which of the following organisms are adversely affected Plants and
by competition in compare to carnivores generally- herbivores
Plants, herbivores, Carnivores, Scaverngers,

Decomposers
14. To avoid competition species choose different feeding Resource

time and different foraging patterns this is called partitioning
15. How many of the following statement are incorrect for Two or 50%
parasites B and D are
correct
(A) Presence of un-necessary sense organs A and C are
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correct
(B)Presence of adhesive organ & suckers
(C) Development digestive system
(D)High biotic potential
16. Human liver fluke is a ___A___ which depends on two A= Trematode

intermediate hosts __B___ . parasite
B= A snail and A
fish
17. An organism reduces survival, growth and reproduction Parasites
of other organism, reduce its population density and
make it physically weak, such organism are called_____
18. How many of the following organisms are considered as Four

Ecto -parasites – Lice, Ticks, Copepods, Cuscuta, (Lice, Ticks,
Taenia, Ascaris, Liver fluke Copepods,
cuscuta)
19. How many of the following are specific properties of (A,B,C,D,E)
endo- parasites
(A) more complex life cycle

(B) high reproductive potential
(C)Simple morphology
(D)Extreme specialization
(E)Simplified anatomy
20. Interaction in which one organism lays its egg X= Brood parasitism
in the nest of other organisms is called Y= Cuckoo bird and crow
__x__. For example __y__.
21. Match the following organisms according to 1-D, 2-A, 3-C, 4-B
their commensal relationship.
1. Mango A. Sea anemone

Branch
2. Clown fish B. Barnacles
3. Egret bird C. Cattle
4. Whale D. Orchid
22. The mutualistic relationship between fungus Lichen

and cyanobacteria is also called
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23. In an interspecific interaction a filamentous Mycorrhiza

eukaryotic organism absorbs nutrients from
the soil for the higher plant. In turn the host
provides some energy yielding
carbohydrates, such association is called -
24. Pollinators and seed dispersers are offered A= Pollen & nectar
reward by plants in form of __A__ and __B__ B= Juicy and nutritious
respectively. fruits
25. In which of the following interactions both Mutualism/symbiosis

interacting species show co- evolution, co-
extinction, co- existance.
(1)Competition (2)Predation
(3)Mutualism/symbiosis
(3)Commensalism
26. In symbiotic relationship between fig tree and X= Oviposition(egg

wasp, the wasp user fig fruit for __x__ and laying)
developing seeds for __y__. In turn favours y- Nourishing its larvae
__z__. z- Pollination of fig
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27. Select the correct option with respect to the A–8

related organisms and interactions. B – 1,4
C – 5,7
Interactions Related D - 2, 3,9
Organism E-6
A. Mutualism 1.Sparrow and

seed
B. Predation 2.Goat andAbingdon
Tortoise
C. Parasitism3.Flamingoes and
Fishes
D. Competition 4. Monarch butterfly

and bird
E. Commensalism5. Hedge plant and

Cuscuta
6. Orchid and mango
Tree
7. Human and Ascaris
8. Orchid and Bee
9. Balanus and
chathamalus
1. How many of the following can be Cropland and aquarium
categorised under man made ecosystem- (pond may be natural or
man made)
Lake, Wetland, Pond, Cropland, River,
Aquarium, Estuary
2. Different species of plants occupy various Stratification or vertical
levels in the forest ecosystem. Such stratification
distribution is called ______
3. The basic requirement for any ecosystem to Constant solar input

function and sustain is
4. Production and productivity can be X= gm/m2

represented by __x__ and __y__
respectively. Y= gm/m2/yr
5. Representation of production and productivity Kcal/m2(production)

in terms of energy
6. A rabbit feeds on grass and grains 1lg weight Kcal/m2/yr(production)
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within two months this rate of biomass gain in

termed as ____
7. The NPP of whole biosphere is __A__ out of A= 170 billion Ton

which NPP of oceans is __B__. B= 55 billion tons
8. Despite covering 70% of surface, oceans Producers are micro-
show very low productivity because_____. organisms(Phytoplankton)
9. A = Consumer
B = Soil solution
A Producers
C = Rock minerals
D = Litter fall
Detritus D E = Decomposition
E
B Uptake
C Run off
Identify A, B, C, D in above cycle.

10. How much amount of carbon is fixed in 4 x 1013 kg
biosphere through photosynthesis annually.
11. The price tag given to fundamental 33 trillion US$

ecosystem service is approximately
12. If 1,000,000 J of sunlight is provided to a food 10 J

chain what is the amount of energy is present (because only 1% of total
at top consumer level if food chain have four sunlight available to
trophic level. plants)
1. Term biodiversity was popularised by - Edward Wilson
2. Biodiversity is the combined diversity at all (i) Genetic diversity

levels of biological organisation what are (ii) Species diversity
those levels? (iii) Ecological diversity
3. How many species of plants and animals are >1.5 million
described according to IUCUN (2004)
4. How much percentage of recorded species 70%- Animals

are animals and plants respectively. 22%- Plants
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5. India has only ___x___% of world‘s land area X= 2.4%

but have __y__ % of global species diversity. 39y= 8.1%
6. The species diversity _____ when we move Increases
towards the equator whereas it_____ when Decreases
we move towards the poles.
7. According to rivet popper hypothesis, if Key stone species

ecosystem is considered as airplane then what
does the rivet on wings represent.
8. Match the following organism according to their A(ii), B(iv), C(iii), D(i)
place of extinctions.
A. Dodo i. Australia
B. Steller‘s sea cow ii. Mauritius
C. Quagga iii. Africa
D. Thylacine iv. russia
9. Loss of biodiversity in a region can result in A,B,C (All)

(A) increased variability in plants productivity,
water use, pests and disease cycle.
(B) Decline in plant production

(C)Lowered resistance to environmental
perturbation
How many of the above statement are correct
10. Select the terms which are related to loss of Four

biodiversity and considered under evil quartet – (Co- extinction, over
Co- extinction, proto- cooperation, over exploitation.)
exploitation, predation, endemism, alien – Alien- species invasion,
species invasion, habitat loss and habitat loss and
fragmentation. fragmentation)
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11. Which area on earth is also called lungs of Amazon rains forest
planet? Why? (it produces 20% of total
O2 in earth atmosphere)
12. Select the species which are extincted due to Two
over exploitation. (passenger pigeon,
Nile perch, water hyacinth, African catfish, steller‘s sea cow)
passenger pigeon, lantana, cichlid fish, steller‘s
sea cow, quagga, dodo.
13. Exploring molecular, genetic, species level Bioprospecting

diversity for products of economic importance is
termed as
14. Biodiversity conservation can be grouped into (1) Narrowly utilitatian

how many categories. (2) Broadly utilitatian
(3) Ethical
1. Environmental protection
Which act was passes by Govt. of India to act(1986)
control environmental pollution, tpo protect and
improve the quality of air, water and soil.
2. Full form of CPCB? Central pollution control

board
3. According to CPCB which size particles are Less than 2.5µ(2.5 PM)
hazaldous for human health
4. Metals used in catalytic converters are - Platinum, palladium,

rhodium
5. Which act was amended to include noise Air prevention and control
pollution as air pollution and why of pollution act (1981)
was amended in 1987
6. Which aquatic plant is also called world‘s most Water
problematic aquatic weed and terror of Bengal. hyacinth(eichhomiza
Crassipes)
7. Increase in concentration of toxic substances at biomagnification
successive tropic levels due to their
accumulations, it is called –
8. Water→zooplankton→small fish→large fish→fish Water

eating birds (.003 ppb)
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Zp
(.004 ppm)
Sf
(.5 ppm)
LF(2-5 ppm)
In the above food chain if concentrations of DDT Birds (25 ppm)

is 0.003 ppb the mention its concentration at
successive tropic levels.
9. Define eutrophication? Natural ageing of lake by

nutrient enrichment of
water
10. Cultural or accelerated eutrophication is – Human activities
11. Full forms of FOAM Friends of arcata

marshes
12. In which parts we can see working ecosan Sri- Lanka and Kerala
toilets
13. Identify P, Q, R in the composition of green P = N2O-6%

house gases represented below Q = CFC – 14%
R = CH4 – 20%
P
Q
60% CO2
14. Good ozone and Bad ozone are found is ____ Stratosphere and
and ___ respectively. troposphere
15. Unit used to measure thickness of ozone layer is Dobson unit (DU)
stratosphere is
16. Which international treaty was signed to control Montreal protocol (1987)
the emission of ODS (Ozone depleting became effective in 1989
substances)
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17. Match the following (1)- (C), (2)-(B), (3)-(D),

(4)-(A)
(1) Chipko (A) 1987
movement
(2) Joint forest (B) 1980
management
(3) Air prevention (C) 1974
and control of
pollution act
(4) Montreal (D) 1981
protocol
207

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NEETBiology360.

The earliest classifications were based on the of Uses of economic

Write the scientific names of: A- Homo sapiens

42 Find out the odd one: Sapindales, Anacardiaceae, Poales Anacardiaceae

Identify A & B: A-Poaceae

52 In keys, a pair of contrasting characters is called? Couplet

differently by different scientists over time.

Observe the above table and answer the following questions

74 The vast majority of bacteria are heterotrophs. (True/False) True

Read the following statements:

Compared to many other organisms, which group show the Bacteria

85 Which organism are used to make bread and beer? Yeast

90 By which basis kingdom Fungi is divided into various Morphology of

91 Members of which fungal class are found in aquatic habitats Phycomycetes

In lichens, the algal component is known as ‗A‘ and the A-Phycobiont B-

Identify the infectious agent on the basis of given

Certain marine brown and red algae produce large

In liverworts, ‗A‘ are green, multicellular, asexual buds, which A-Gemmae

Read the following information and identify the genus:

How many following cells are present in an

"The diploid sporophyte is represented by a dominant,

1 Members of which phylum are commonly known as Porifera

20 Members of which phylum are known as flat worms? Platyhelminthes

80 Match the columns :

81 Match the columns :

G) Hemidactylus (vii) Cobra (G)-(ii)

88 Match the columns :

89 Match the columns :

(D) Flame cells (iv) Arthropoda (D)-(ii)

90 Match the columns :

91 Mark the given statements True (T) or False (F):

92 Character Non Chordates Chordates

MORPHOLOGY OF FLOWERING PLANTS

2 Lateral roots includes ....(a).... and ....(b)..... roots (a) secondary

5 Fibrous roots originate from Base of the stem

8 The region of meristematic activity is situated few millimeters True

9 Match the following

12 Region of elongation is present ---(a) to the region of a- Proximal

13 Match the following root modifications

14 Stilt roots arise from Lower node of the

16 In Rhizophora, pneumatophores help in Respiration

20 Match the following

21 Stem modified into flattened structure in ---(a)- or fleshy a - Opuntia

23 Which type of sub-aerial modification occur in Jasmine. Stolon

25 Leaves originate from ................ meristem. Shoot apical

27 The axillary bud later develops into a Branch or flower

28 The leaves are arranged in...... manner on stem. Acropetal

30 Sheathing leaf base is found in monocots, true or false. True

31 In some---a-- plants the leaf base may become swollen a - leguminous

33 The arrangement of veins and veinlets in the larnina of leaf Venation

34 When the veinlets form a network, the venation is known as Reticulate

38 A ................ is present in the axil of petiole in both simple Bud

39 Rachis is found in........... leaf. Pinnately

42 Match the following

43 Match the following

45 Flower is a modified Shoot

47 In ----a---inflorescence the main axis continuous to grow. a – Racemose

52 If a flower has both androecium and gynoecium, it is Bisexual

53 If a flower having either only starnens or only carpels it is Unisexual