International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology ( IJCTT ) - Volume 67 Issue 3 - March 2019

Detecting Glucose Level using IR Sensor

Dr. R Kavitha1, M.S. Janani2, K Dhanalakshimi3
1
Dr R Kavitha ,Professor, Dept .of Information Technology (IT) from Velammal College of Engineering and
Technology(VCET), Viraganoor, Madurai, India
2
M S Janani , pursuing B.Tech (IT) from Velammal College of Engineering and Technology(VCET),
Viraganoor, Madurai, India
3
K Dhanalakshmi, pursuing B.Tech (IT) from Velammal College of Engineering and Technology,
Viraganoor, Madurai, India

Abstract body and doing chemical analysis. It also gives pain

Diabetes Mellitus ubiquity has been spiked and and discomfort due to the frequent finger pricks to
it has grown as a major World Wide problem. As per the patients. Non-invasive techniques are more useful
report by the Indian Diabetic Association, about 63 and user friendly. It reduces the costs and other
million people suffer from diabetes, and this is likely difficulty includes both mental and physical pain
to go up to 80 million by 2025. It is a very serious which involved in invasive method of glucose
problem which even leads to death. Diabetes is a determination. Researchers are still not able to
chronic disease which leads to hyperglycemia, which overcome many drawbacks of invasive glucose
leads to a serious problem by affecting the blood and monitoring method. The problem includes the
other body parts, causes even death. Diabetes could scanning pressure that must be applied, physiological
be identified by blood glucose level measurement. differences such as width of tissues, correlation error,
The main goal of this paper is to monitor the glucose hardware sensitivity and stability [2]. The proposed
level continuously by non invasive method. The technique uses a near infrared sensor for transmission
existing Blood pricking method is used to detect the and reception of rays from forearm. By analysing the
glucose level which is harmful and inconvenient to intensity variation in received signal by using photo-
the patients which leads to Loss of Blood and mental detector at another side, level of glucose can be
illness. Smart Device is proposed to monitor the predicted. Then the data can be transmitted to remote
Blood Glucose of a person without harming. The IR android device for further analysis. An easy and pain-
pair sensor is used to sense the Glucose level of the free method of measuring blood glucose
patient by the IR transmitter and the IR receiver. It concentrations will give the information to the
senses the blood glucose level every 7 seconds. The doctors and patients by monitoring the glucose level.
Smart Device for glucose monitoring is mainly based
II. METHODOLOGY
on IR Sensor, Node MCU, Arduino IDE, LCD, Cloud
and Mobile Application. The result will be displayed To develop a non-invasive method for measuring
in the LCD and mobile application and the device blood glucose concentration levels. Such a method
can be used at any time and at any place using would be pain-free and therefore possibly more
Internet. desirable amongst a larger population for use with
continuous health monitoring. The solution would be
Keywords - Diabetes Mellitus, Glucose, Blood using near-infrared light to measure blood glucose
pricking, Cloud, Chronic disease, IR sensor, Node concentration levels [5]. Hence it would not require
MCU, Arduino IDE, LCD, Mobile application. tedious amounts of test strips for each measurement.
I. INTRODUCTION It may be easily recommended and used by the
common people to monitor their day-to-day health.
Diabetes is major challenge of this current decade.
It is a non-communicable disease. As per report by A. Block Diagram
the Indian Diabetic Association, about 63 million
people suffer from diabetes, and this is likely to go up
to 80 million by 2025.Diabetes people check blood
glucose level more than two times per day. Hence
they are inconvenienced every time. They are
suffering from the danger of infection by pricking
blood in the finger. Also this method may expenses
associated with strips and Lancets are more because
each test requires a new test-strip and Lancets.
Diabetes Mellitus is considered as one of the major
death contributors in non-contagious diseases. The
current method uses the self-monitoring glucose
meter. These methods are invasive. The disadvantage
this method is that, extracting the blood from the

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 International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology ( IJCTT ) - Volume 67 Issue 3 - March 2019

B. Hardware’s
1) IR Sensor
Sensors are the electric device which is used
to sense the changes that occur in the body and in the
environment. The change includes the pigmentation
colour, temperature, humidity, sound etc. They sense
the changes that occurred and notify accordingly. In
IR sensor, there is an emitter and detector. Emitter
emits the IR rays and detector detects it [5]. The IR
sensor basically consists of three components for its
function it includes,

 IR LED (emitter)
 Photodiode (detector)
 Op-Amp

1(a) IR Led:
It is the light emitting diode which emits IR
radiations. The function of the emitter is to convert
the electricity energy into light energy. It works by
the principle of recombination of the electron-hole
pair.

1 (b) Photodiode:
It is a p-n junction diode, connected in reverse
bias direction. The function of this detector is to
convert the light into electricity energy. It works
effectively only when the certain amount of light or
photon falls on it. If there is no falling of light on the
photodiode then it has an infinite resistance and it act 3) LCD
as an open switch. LCD stands for Liquid Crystal Display.
It is a small thin, flat panel (normally 16*2) used for
1(c) Op-Amp: electronically displaying information. LCD screen
Op-Amp Operational amplifier is the simplified consists of two lines with 16 characters each. Each
form of Op-Amp. It performs many operations such character consists of 5*7 matrix. Contrast on display
as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, etc. depends on the power supply voltage and whether
The Op-Amp is a DC-coupled high gain amplifier messages are displayed in one or two lines. The
with two inputs and single output. below diagram is a sample display of a LCD display
board.
2) Node MCU
The Node MCU is open source software and
hardware development environments which contain
the ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module that can give any
microcontroller access to the Wi-Fi network. The
embedded C code is inserted into the node MCU
using port connection. The diagrammatic
representation of Node MCU with Pin connections
and its descriptions are given below. 4) Power supply
A rectifier‟s job is to convert an Alternating
Current (AC) to Direct Current (DC) and gives the
desired output. Rectifiers are used in the power
supplies to provide necessary DC voltage for the
electric components or the devices. They are made
with four or more diodes or other controlled solid
switches. The below diagram describes the working
function of the rectifier when connected to power
supply.

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 International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology ( IJCTT ) - Volume 67 Issue 3 - March 2019

LCD and Mobile Applications. The diagram shows

the working strategy of IR sensor and Photo diode.

C. Softwares
IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
1) Arduino IDE The desired prototype system is designed and
The Arduino IDE is an open source hardware developed for the detection of blood glucose level
design and software SDK. It functions similarly to using Non-invasive IR technique. The result was
the Node MCU. The Arduino hardware includes the approximate when compared with pricking
micro-controller board with a ready USB connector methodology.
pins, LED lights, and the standard data pins. It also
defines a standard interfaces to interact with sensors V. OUTPUT
or other boards. The Arduino board also has types of
CPU chips (ARM or Intel x 86 chips) with memory A. LCD Output
chips, and a various programming environments. In
fact, there is an Arduino reference design for the
ESP8266 chip as well. However, the flexibility of
Arduino also means significant variations across
different vendors. Here Arduino IDE is used to
embed the C program into Node MCU by using port
connection.

2) Application
The Mobile application is made with the help of
PHP and MySQL using Xampp and then it is
converted into application using Android studio. The
cloud is used for storing the data values and it also
shows a graphical view of the data‟s
. B. Mobile Application Output
III. WORKING 1) READINGS

When the supply is given to IR sensor via the

transformer, resistor, capacitor and diodes, the LED
starts emitting light radiations. If the surface is of
white colour then it reflects all the radiations. The
white surface reflects all the radiations falls on it
whereas the black colour absorbs them. As these
radiations starts falling on the photodiode which is
connected in reverse bias, the resistance of the
photodiode starts decreasing rapidly and the voltage
drop across the diode also decreases. The voltage at
Pin 3 starts increases, as it reaches just beyond the
voltage of Pin 2 the comparator gives high output. In
the black surface, even though the LED emits light
but it is not reflected, hence the photodiode doesn‟t
detects anything and its resistance will be infinity. So
the comparator will give the low output. Here for
every seven seconds the IR sensor emits the light and
the readings are calculated and displayed in both

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 International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology ( IJCTT ) - Volume 67 Issue 3 - March 2019

2) CHART C. Device

VI CONCLUSION

Early detection of glucose level and control of

disease is necessary. Our approach for monitoring
glucose level is healthier than the invasive approach.
The obtained result shows the glucose level in blood
by non invasive method. Glucose level is analysed
and results were obtained approximately. Also this
information can be sent to doctor for the further
analysis.

REFERENCES

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