DIVISION 2 – SITE CONSTRUCTION

Section 02740 – Flexible Pavement

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. Section Includes:
1. Asphalt materials.
2. Aggregate materials.
3. Aggregate base.
4. Asphalt paving base course, binder course, and wearing course.
5. Asphalt paving overlay for existing paving.
6. Surface slurry.

1.2 REFERENCE STANDARDS

A. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials:

1. AASHTO M17 - Standard Specification for Mineral Filler for Bituminous Paving
Mixtures.
2. AASHTO M29 - Standard Specification for Fine Aggregate for Bituminous Paving
Mixtures.
3. AASHTO M140 - Standard Specification for Emulsified Asphalt.
4. AASHTO M208 - Standard Specification for Cationic Emulsified Asphalt.
5. AASHTO M288 - Standard Specification for Geotextile Specification for Highway
Applications.
6. AASHTO M320 - Standard Specification for Performance-Graded Asphalt Binder.
7. AASHTO M324 - Standard Specification for Joint and Crack Sealants, Hot Applied,
for Concrete and Asphalt Pavements.
8. AASHTO MP1a - Standard Specification for Performance-Graded Asphalt Binder.

B. Asphalt Institute:
1. AI MS-2 - Mix Design Methods for Asphalt Concrete and Other Hot- Mix Types.
2. AI MS-19 - Basic Asphalt Emulsion Manual.
3. AI SP-2 - Superpave Mix Design.

C. ASTM International:
1. ASTM C1371[-2004a] - Standard Test Method for Determination of Emittance of
Materials Near Room Temperature Using Portable Emissometers.
2. ASTM C1549[-2004] - Standard Test Method for Determination of Solar
Reflectance Near Ambient Temperature Using a Portable Solar Reflectometer.
3. ASTM D242 - Standard Specification for Mineral Filler for Bituminous Paving
Mixtures.

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 4. ASTM D692 - Standard Specification for Coarse Aggregate for Bituminous Paving
Mixtures.
5. ASTM D946 - Standard Specification for Penetration-Graded Asphalt Cement for
Use in Pavement Construction.
6. ASTM D977 - Standard Specification for Emulsified Asphalt.
7. ASTM D1073 - Standard Specification for Fine Aggregate for Bituminous Paving
Mixtures.
8. ASTM D1188 - Standard Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of
Compacted Bituminous Mixtures Using Coated Samples
9. ASTM D2027 - Standard Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Medium-Curing Type).
10. ASTM D2397 - Standard Specification for Cationic Emulsified Asphalt.
11. ASTM D2726 - Standard Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of
Non-Absorptive Compacted Bituminous Mixtures.
12. ASTM D2950 - Standard Test Method for Density of Bituminous Concrete in Place
by Nuclear Methods.
13. ASTM D3381 - Standard Specification for Viscosity-Graded Asphalt Cement for
Use in Pavement Construction.
14. ASTM D3515 - Standard Specification for Hot-Mixed, Hot-Laid Bituminous Paving
Mixtures.
15. ASTM D3549 - Standard Test Method for Thickness or Height of Compacted
Bituminous Paving Mixture Specimens.
16. ASTM D3910 - Standard Practices for Design, Testing, and Construction of Slurry
Seal.
17. ASTM D6690 - Standard Specification for Joint and Crack Sealants, Hot Applied,
for Concrete and Asphalt Pavements.
18. ASTM E408[-1971(1996)e1] - Standard Test Methods for Total Normal Emittance
of Surfaces Using Inspection-Meter Techniques.
19. ASTM E903[-1996] - Standard Test Method for Solar Absorptance, Reflectance, and
Transmittance of Materials Using Integrating Spheres.
20. ASTM E1918[-1997] - Standard Test Method for Measuring Solar Reflectance of
Horizontal and Low-Sloped Surfaces in the Field.
21. ASTM E1980[-2001] - Standard Practice for Calculating Solar Reflectance Index of
Horizontal and Low-Sloped Opaque Surfaces.

D. PENNDOT Publication 408, Latest Edition.

1.3 SUBMITTALS

A. Division 1 - Submittal Procedures: Requirements for submittals.

B. Product Data:
1. Submit product information for asphalt and aggregate materials.
2. Submit mix design with laboratory test results supporting design.

C. Manufacturer's Certificate: Certify that Products meet or exceed specified requirements.

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1.4 SUSTAINABLE DESIGN SUBMITTALS

A. Division 1 - Sustainable Project Requirements: Requirements for sustainable design

submittals.

B. Manufacturer's Certificate: Certify products meet or exceed specified sustainable design

requirements.
1. Sustainable Sites Certificates:
a. Certify paving materials solar reflectance index.
2. Materials Resources Certificates:
a. Certify recycled material content for recycled content products.
b. Certify source for regional materials and distance from Project site.

C. Product Cost Data: Submit cost of products to verify compliance with Project sustainable
design requirements. Exclude cost of labor and equipment to install products.
1. Provide cost data for the following products:
a. Products with recycled material content.
b. Regional products.

1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Mixing Plant: Conform to PENNDOT Publication 408, Latest Edition.

B. Obtain materials from same source throughout.

C. Perform Work in accordance with PENNDOT Publication 408, Latest Edition.

D. Maintain one copy of each document on site.

1.6 QUALIFICATIONS

A. Installer: Company specializing in performing work of this section with minimum 5 years
documented experience.

1.7 AMBIENT CONDITIONS

A. Do not place asphalt mixture between November 1 and March 1 without specific consent
of owner.

B. Do not place asphalt mixture when ambient air or base surface temperature is less than 40
degrees F, or surface is wet or frozen.

C. Ideally, asphalt mixture shall be placed when temperature is not more than 15 degrees F
less than initial mixing temperature. At no time will asphalt mixture be placed when
material temperature is less than 200 degrees F.

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 D. Compaction shall be completed before mix temperature cools to 185 degrees F.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 SUSTAINABILITY CHARACTERISTICS

A. Division 1 - Sustainable Project Requirements: Requirements for sustainable design

compliance.

B. Sustainable Sites Characteristics:

1. Paving Surfaces: Minimum solar reflectance index (SRI) of 29, calculated in
accordance with ASTM E1980.
a. Reflectance: Measured in accordance with ASTM E903, ASTM E1918, or
ASTM C1549.
b. Emittance: Measured in accordance with ASTM E408 or ASTM C1371.

C. Materials and Resources Characteristics:

1. Recycled Content Materials: Furnish materials with maximum available recycled
content.
2. Regional Materials: Furnish materials extracted, processed, and manufactured within
500 miles of Project site.

2.2 ASPHALT PAVING MATERIALS

A. Asphalt Cement: In accordance with PENNDOT Publication 408.

B. Aggregate for Base Course Mix: In accordance with PENNDOT Publication 408.

C. Aggregate for Wearing Course Mix: In accordance with PENNDOT Publication 408.

D. Fine Aggregate: In accordance with PENNDOT Publication 408.

E. Mineral Filler: Finely ground particles of limestone, hydrated lime or other mineral dust,
free of foreign matter.

F. Primer: In accordance with PENNDOT Publication 408.

G. Tack Coat: In accordance with PENNDOT Publication 408.

H. Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP): Processed material obtained by milling or full

depth removal of existing asphalt concrete pavements.

2.3 ASPHALT PAVING MIX

A. Use dry material to avoid foaming. Mix uniformly.

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 B. Base Course: Conforming to PENNDOT Publication 408 Superpave Asphalt Mix
Design, HMA Base Course 25 mm mix, PG 64-22.

C. Binder Course: Conforming to PENNDOT Publication 408 Superpave Asphalt Mix

Design, HMA Binder Course 19 mm Mix, PG 64-22.

D. Wearing Course: Conforming to PENNDOT Publication 408 Superpave Asphalt mix

Design, HMA Wearing Course 9.5 mm mix, PG 64-22.

E. Reclaimed Asphalt Content: Maximum 20 percent by weight.

F. Paving Surfaces: Minimum solar reflectance index (SRI) of 29, calculated in accordance
with ASTM E1980.
1. Reflectance: Measured in accordance with ASTM E903, ASTM E1918, or ASTM
C1549.
2. Emittance: Measured in accordance with ASTM E408 or ASTM C1371.

G. Sealant: ASTM D6690, Type II or Type III; hot applied type.

2.4 SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL

A. Division 1 - Quality Requirements: Testing, inspection and analysis requirements.

B. Submit proposed mix design of each class of mix for review prior to beginning of Work.

C. Test samples in accordance with PENNDOT Publication 408, Latest Edition, Section
409.

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 EXAMINATION

A. Division 1 - Execution Requirements: Requirements for installation examination.

B. Verify utilities indicated under paving are installed with excavations and trenches
backfilled and compacted.

C. Verify compacted subgrade and subbase is dry and ready to support paving and imposed
loads.
1. Proof roll subbase with minimum of two perpendicular passes to identify soft spots.
2. Remove soft subbase and replace with compacted fill as specified. Verify gradients
and elevations of base are correct.

D. Verify manhole frames and structures are installed in correct position and elevation.

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3.2 PREPARATION

A. Prepare subbase in accordance with PENNDOT Publication 408, Latest Edition.

3.3 DEMOLITION

A. Saw cut and notch existing paving as indicted on Contract Drawings.

B. Clean existing paving to remove foreign material, excess joint sealant and crack filler
from paving surface.

C. Repair surface defects in existing paving to provide uniform surface to receive new
paving.

3.4 INSTALLATION

A. Subbase:
1. Aggregate Subbase: Install as specified in Section 02721, Aggregate Base Course.
2. Prepare subbase in accordance with PENNDOT Publication 408, Latest Edition.

B. Primer:
1. Apply primer in accordance with PENNDOT Publication 408, Latest Edition.

C. Tack Coat:
1. Apply tack coat in accordance with PENNDOT Publication 408, Latest Edition.

D. Single Course Asphalt Paving:

1. Install Work in accordance with PENNDOT Publication 408, Latest Edition, Section
409.
2. Place asphalt within 24 hours of applying primer or tack coat.
3. Place asphalt wearing course thickness indicated on Contract Drawings.
4. Compact paving by rolling to specified density. Do not displace or extrude paving
from position. Hand compact in areas inaccessible to rolling equipment.
5. Perform rolling with consecutive passes to achieve even and smooth finish without
roller marks.

E. Double Course Asphalt Paving:

1. Place asphalt binder course within 24 hours of applying primer or tack coat.
2. Place binder course to thickness indicated on Contract Drawings.
3. Place wearing course within 24 hours of placing and compacting binder course.
When binder course is placed more than 24 hours before placing wearing course,
clean surface and apply tack coat before placing wearing course.
4. Place wearing course to thickness indicated on Contract Drawings.
5. Compact each course by rolling to specified density. Do not displace or extrude
paving from position. Hand compact in areas inaccessible to rolling equipment.

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 6. Perform rolling with consecutive passes to achieve even and smooth finish, without
roller marks.

F. Asphalt Paving Overlay

1. Apply tack coat to existing paving surface.
2. Place wearing course to thickness indicated on Contract Drawings.
3. Compact overlay by rolling to specified density. Do not displace or extrude paving
from position. Hand compact in areas inaccessible to rolling equipment.
4. Perform rolling with consecutive passes to achieve even and smooth finish, without
roller marks.

3.5 TOLERANCES

A. Division 1 - Quality Requirements: Tolerances.

B. Flatness: Maximum variation of 1/4 inch measured with 10 foot straight edge.

C. Scheduled Compacted Thickness: Within 1/4 inch.

D. Variation from Indicated Elevation: Within 1/2 inch.

3.6 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Division 1 - Quality Requirements: Requirements for inspecting, testing.

B. Division 1 - Execution Requirements: Requirements for testing, adjusting, and balancing.

C. Take samples and perform tests in accordance with PENNDOT Publication 408, Latest
Edition, Section 409.

3.7 PROTECTION

A. Division 1 - Execution Requirements: Requirements for protecting finished Work.

B. Immediately after placement, protect paving from mechanical injury for 16 hours or until
surface temperature is less than 140 degrees F.

END OF SECTION

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