The Native American people of Oregon transported themselves and their goods on

foot, by canoe, by raft, by dog, and by horse. Each tribe used a combination of
methods, choosing the mode of transportation best suited to the terrain, the type of
load, and the desired speed. Since each band and local group had a different pattern
of settlement and seasonal movement, the mixture of transportation methods
differed from group to group and from season to season.
        Long-distance travel by foot was common all over Oregon. In rougher parts of
the inland valleys area and in eastern Oregon prior to the arrival of the horse (first
introduced to the area some 300 years ago), it was the principal mode of long-
distance travel. Foot trails wound across most mountain passes and were important
in maintaining the vast Native American trading network. Leather moccasins and tule
sandals were worn for long hikes and for protection against cold, rather than for
everyday use. In winter, snowshoes were used for hunting expeditions. In the
Klamath area, where lakes were well stocked with waterfowl and plant products,
Native Americans used mudshoes (built similarly to snowshoes) to keep from sinking
in the mud.
        Canoes and rafts were used by Native Americans in all parts of Oregon,
although they were not a major method of travel in eastern Oregon. The boats were
used on lakes and rivers for fishing, gathering water plants, bird hunting, and travel.
Native Americans from Oregon occasionally ventured to sea for seal hunts, but long
sea voyages were much less common than they were further north among the
Nootka, Kwakiutl, and Haida people. The use of canoes along the Columbia River
contributed to the development of trading and continued communication among
neighboring tribes. Most Oregon canoes were made by hollowing logs. The wooden
dugout was uniquely suited to western Oregon's plentiful supply of timber. The
canoes were expertly carved in a variety of shapes and sizes to ensure a smooth
and quite voyage even in rough waters.

1. What aspect of early Native American transportation does the passage mainly
discuss?
Select one:
a.
The increase in demand for new forms
b.
The variety in methods
c.
The influence of settlement patterns
d.
The effect on trade routes
Clear my choice

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Question text
The word "suited" in line 3 is closest in meaning to
Select one:
a.
matched
b.
performed
c.
located
d.
known
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The author mentions "seasonal movement" (line 5) in order to show
Select one:
a.
why groups had to move from place to place
b.
the importance of transportation to Native Americans
c.
a condition that made transportation difficult
d.
a reason for different methods of transportation

According to the passage, all of the following affected the choice of transportation
EXCEPT
Select one:
a.
the cost of transportation
 b.
how fast an item needed to be transported
c.
the type of land that had to be traveled
d.
what was to be carried
Clear my choice

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According to the passage, the horse
Select one:
a.
was an important part of Oregon's culture
b.
replaced traveling by foot in more rugged areas
c.
imrpoved the quality of mountain foot trails
d.
could not be used for long distance travel
Clear my choice

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Question text
The word "principal" in line 9 is closest in meaning to
Select one:
a.
main
b.
ordinary
 c.
simple
d.
original
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Question 7
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According to the passage, tule sandals were used for
Select one:
a.
walking in mud
b.
walking great distances
c.
wearing every day
d.
warmer weather
Clear my choice

Question 8
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Question text
The word "stocked" in line 13 is closest in meaning to
Select one:
a.
hunted
b.
utilized
c.
endangered
 d.
supplied
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Question text
The word "they" in line 20 refers to
Select one:
a.
long sea voyages
b.
Native Americans
c.
seal hunts
d.
canoes
Clear my choice

Question 10
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Question text
All of the following are mentioned in the passage as uses of the canoe EXCEPT
Select one:
a.
carrying timber
b.
collecting plants
c.
fishing
d.
hunting animals
 Clear my choice

Question 11
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Question text
The word "ensure" in line 25 is closest in meaning to
Select one:
a.
decrease
b.
continue
c.
guarantee
d.
convince

Questions 12-22
       The first peculiarity to strike the student of comets is the shape of the orbits
they follow. All the major planets, as well as most of the minor planets, move around
the Sun in nearly circular orbits. Comets do not. Their orbits are highly elliptical, so
that, in the course of a single revolution around the Sun a comet may move closer to
the Sun than the Earth does and then considerably farther from the Sun than the
most distant planets. The celebrated Halley's comet, for example, comes within 90
million kilometers of the Sun and then continues out beyond Neptune, which orbits
the Sun at an average distance nearly 5,000,000,000 kilometers. Obviously, such a
journey takes a long time (over 76 years), and only during the few months when it is
near the Sun and Earth does the comet become visible to the naked eye.
    Some comets have such extended orbits that a single revolution takes hundreds
or thousands of years. For example, the last time (before 1680) that the comet of
1680 was visible was 7,000 B.C., even before the establishment of the first major
cities, and it will not be visible again until about A.D. 10,500.
     Because of all these characteristics of the orbits of comets, the appearances of
comets seem altogether sporadic and irregular, and they were believed to be so
until Edmond Halley, at the beginning of the eighteenth century, claimed that comets
that had appeared in 1531, 1607, and 1682 were one and the same. Halley was so
sure of his discovery that he predicted that the same comet would appear again
early in 1759. The comet reappeared as predicted, although Halley did not live long
enough to see prediction substantiated.
       Of course, there are also a great many comets that have much less extensive
orbits and reappear much more often, such as Encke's comet, which reaches its
minimum distance from the Sun every three years and four months. All of these,
however, are much fainter and usually visible only with a telescope.
12. What does the passage mainly discuss?
Select one:
a.
The orbits of major and minor planets
b.
the importance of Edmund Halley to comet research
c.
The effect of the sun on comets
d.
The orbits of the comets
Clear my choice

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Question text
The word "peculiarity" in line 1 is closest in meaning to
Select one:
a.
feature
b.
activity
c.
problem
d.
combination
Clear my choice

Question 14
Not yet answered
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Flag question

Question text
The word "celebrated" in line 6 is closest in meaning to
Select one:
a.
swift
b.
famous
c.
massive
d.
dim
Clear my choice

Question 15
Not yet answered
Marked out of 1

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Question text
The word "it" in line 9 refers to
Select one:
a.
journey
b.
comet
c.
sun
d.
earth

Questions 12-22
       The first peculiarity to strike the student of comets is the shape of the orbits
they follow. All the major planets, as well as most of the minor planets, move around
the Sun in nearly circular orbits. Comets do not. Their orbits are highly elliptical, so
that, in the course of a single revolution around the Sun a comet may move closer to
the Sun than the Earth does and then considerably farther from the Sun than the
most distant planets. The celebrated Halley's comet, for example, comes within 90
million kilometers of the Sun and then continues out beyond Neptune, which orbits
the Sun at an average distance nearly 5,000,000,000 kilometers. Obviously, such a
journey takes a long time (over 76 years), and only during the few months when it is
near the Sun and Earth does the comet become visible to the naked eye.
    Some comets have such extended orbits that a single revolution takes hundreds
or thousands of years. For example, the last time (before 1680) that the comet of
1680 was visible was 7,000 B.C., even before the establishment of the first major
cities, and it will not be visible again until about A.D. 10,500.
     Because of all these characteristics of the orbits of comets, the appearances of
comets seem altogether sporadic and irregular, and they were believed to be so
until Edmond Halley, at the beginning of the eighteenth century, claimed that comets
that had appeared in 1531, 1607, and 1682 were one and the same. Halley was so
sure of his discovery that he predicted that the same comet would appear again
early in 1759. The comet reappeared as predicted, although Halley did not live long
enough to see prediction substantiated.
       Of course, there are also a great many comets that have much less extensive
orbits and reappear much more often, such as Encke's comet, which reaches its
minimum distance from the Sun every three years and four months. All of these,
however, are much fainter and usually visible only with a telescope.

12. What does the passage mainly discuss?

Select one:
a.
The orbits of major and minor planets
b.
the importance of Edmund Halley to comet research
c.
The effect of the sun on comets
d.
The orbits of the comets
Clear my choice

Question 13
Not yet answered
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Question text
The word "peculiarity" in line 1 is closest in meaning to
Select one:
a.
feature
b.
activity
c.
problem
d.
combination
Clear my choice
Question 14
Not yet answered
Marked out of 1

Flag question

Question text
The word "celebrated" in line 6 is closest in meaning to
Select one:
a.
swift
b.
famous
c.
massive
d.
dim
Clear my choice

Question 15
Not yet answered
Marked out of 1

Flag question

Question text
The word "it" in line 9 refers to
Select one:
a.
journey
b.
comet
c.
sun
d.
earth

According to the passage, how was it demonstrated that Halley's theory about the
appearances of a comet was correct?
Select one:
 a.
other scientist had duplicated Halley's calculations by 1682
b.
the comet came into view when Halley sait it would
c.
the comet was observed orbiting around the earth
d.
Ancient documents that described the intervals of the appearance of the same comet were
discovered
Clear my choice

Question 21
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Question text
The word "fainter" in line 25 is closest in meaning to
Select one:
a.
slower
b.
less bright
c.
longer
d.
more commmon
Clear my choice

Question 22
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Question text
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a characteristic of comets?
Select one:
a.
they vary greatly in size
b.
they have a large variety of orbit sizes
c.
they have elliptical orbits
d.
they become visible only occasionally

Egyptian artists worked with a great variety of materials. One of the most readily
available soft stones was limestone, since the Nile River valley in Egypt was
bordered for much of its length by limestone cliffs. Stone was the major building
material for freestanding and rock-cut temples and tombs. It was also used to make
statues, offering tables, libation bowls, vessels, and other ritual equipment. Soft
stones were usually covered with a thin layer of plaster and painted. Although paint
was sometimes applied to harder stones, it would seem that much of the stone was
left visible and that the color of the stone was often chosen for its symbolism.
According to ancient Egyptian tradition, black stones like granodiorite referred to the
life-giving black silt brought by the floodwaters of the Nile River.
Thus, they symbolized new life, resurrection, and the resurrected god of the dead,
Osiris, who is often shown with a black skin. A range of colors -red, brown, yellow,
gold- was associated with the Sun, so that stones of these colors, such as red and
brown quartzite and red granite, carried a solar symbolism.
      Statues could be made of wood as well as stone, and there was a long tradition
of woodworking in ancient Egypt. The timber provided by native Egyptian trees such
as the tamarisk, acacia, and sycamore fig tends to be irregular, small, and knotted,
compared with the straight blocks and planks of coniferous wood, imported from
Syria. Nevertheless, Egyptian woodworkers were skilled at piecing these uneven
lengths of wood together to form furniture, chests, coffins, and statues. As with soft-
stone statues, the surface of these object was often plastered and painted, but
sometimes paint was applied directly onto good-quality wood.
      Tomb scenes from the Old Kingdom (circa 2649-2134 B.C) onward
occasionally depict the working of metal. The Egyptians used copper from early
times, arsenic bronze (copper and arsenic) from the late Old Kingdom, and bronze
(copper and tin) from the later Middle Kingdom (circa 2040-1640 B.C). Gold and
silver were highly valued as precious metals. Metals were used to make statues,
temple fittings and cult implements, jewelry, and funerary equipment.

23. What aspect of Egyptian art does the passage mainly discuss?
Select one:
a.
the different kinds of materials used by the artists
b.
the contrast between local and imported art forms
c.
the religious symbolism acruired from tradition
 d.
the art objects discovered in tombs by archaeologists
Clear my choice

Question 24
Not yet answered
Marked out of 1

Flag question

Question text
The word "variety" in line 1 is closest in meaning to

Select one:
a.
generosity
b.
addition
c.
diversity
d.
formation
Clear my choice

Question 25
Not yet answered
Marked out of 1

Flag question

Question text
According to the passage, limestone was frequently used by Egyptian builders
because it was
Select one:
a.
resistant to damage from rain and flood
b.
plentiful and convenient in the Nile River valley
c.
safer than wood for construction purposes
 d.
harder than other substances in the area
Clear my choice

Question 26
Not yet answered
Marked out of 1

Flag question

Question text
According to the passage, Egyptian artists treated harder stones differently from soft
stones by
Select one:
a.
keeping the harder stones exclusively for tombs
b.
leaving the color of harder stones exposed
c.
using the harder stones for statues and temples
d.
plastering and painting the surface of harder stones
Clear my choice

Question 27
Not yet answered
Marked out of 1

Flag question

Question text
The word "they" in line 10 refers to
Select one:
a.
floodwaters
b.
colors
c.
black stones
d.
tradition
Clear my choice

Question 28
Not yet answered
Marked out of 1

Flag question

Question text
According to the first paragraph, black stones were used in ancient Egyptian art to
represent all of the following EXCEPT
Select one:
a.
resurrection from the dead
b.
life-giving energy from the sun
c.
the god of the dead
d.
life-giving silt from the Nile River
Clear my choice

Question 29
Not yet answered
Marked out of 1

Flag question

Question text
It can be inferred from the second paragraph that ancient Egyptian woodworkers
needed to have great skill because they had to
Select one:
a.
make stone statues as well as wooden ones
b.
arrange for coniferous wood to be imported from Syira
c.
learn a long tradition of woodworking
d.
work with uneven and difficult local timber
 Clear my choice

Question 30
Not yet answered
Marked out of 1

Flag question

Question text
The word "depict" in line 23 is closest in meaning to
Select one:
a.
exclude
b.
stress
c.
portray
d.
regret
Clear my choice

Question 31
Not yet answered
Marked out of 1

Flag question

Question text
According to the third paragraph, which of the following is true about copper in
ancient Egypt?
Select one:
a.
it was a material discovered late in Egyptian history
b.
it was used primarily for making jewerly
c.
it was frequently mixed with other metals
d.
it was valued more highly than gold and silver
Egyptian artists worked with a great variety of materials. One of the most readily
available soft stones was limestone, since the Nile River valley in Egypt was
bordered for much of its length by limestone cliffs. Stone was the major building
material for freestanding and rock-cut temples and tombs. It was also used to make
statues, offering tables, libation bowls, vessels, and other ritual equipment. Soft
stones were usually covered with a thin layer of plaster and painted. Although paint
was sometimes applied to harder stones, it would seem that much of the stone was
left visible and that the color of the stone was often chosen for its symbolism.
According to ancient Egyptian tradition, black stones like granodiorite referred to the
life-giving black silt brought by the floodwaters of the Nile River.
Thus, they symbolized new life, resurrection, and the resurrected god of the dead,
Osiris, who is often shown with a black skin. A range of colors -red, brown, yellow,
gold- was associated with the Sun, so that stones of these colors, such as red and
brown quartzite and red granite, carried a solar symbolism.
      Statues could be made of wood as well as stone, and there was a long tradition
of woodworking in ancient Egypt. The timber provided by native Egyptian trees such
as the tamarisk, acacia, and sycamore fig tends to be irregular, small, and knotted,
compared with the straight blocks and planks of coniferous wood, imported from
Syria. Nevertheless, Egyptian woodworkers were skilled at piecing these uneven
lengths of wood together to form furniture, chests, coffins, and statues. As with soft-
stone statues, the surface of these object was often plastered and painted, but
sometimes paint was applied directly onto good-quality wood.
      Tomb scenes from the Old Kingdom (circa 2649-2134 B.C) onward
occasionally depict the working of metal. The Egyptians used copper from early
times, arsenic bronze (copper and arsenic) from the late Old Kingdom, and bronze
(copper and tin) from the later Middle Kingdom (circa 2040-1640 B.C). Gold and
silver were highly valued as precious metals. Metals were used to make statues,
temple fittings and cult implements, jewelry, and funerary equipment.

23. What aspect of Egyptian art does the passage mainly discuss?
Select one:
a.
the different kinds of materials used by the artists
b.
the contrast between local and imported art forms
c.
the religious symbolism acruired from tradition
d.
the art objects discovered in tombs by archaeologists
Clear my choice

Question 24
Not yet answered
Marked out of 1
 Flag question

Question text
The word "variety" in line 1 is closest in meaning to

Select one:
a.
generosity
b.
addition
c.
diversity
d.
formation
Clear my choice

Question 25
Not yet answered
Marked out of 1

Flag question

Question text
According to the passage, limestone was frequently used by Egyptian builders
because it was
Select one:
a.
resistant to damage from rain and flood
b.
plentiful and convenient in the Nile River valley
c.
safer than wood for construction purposes
d.
harder than other substances in the area
Clear my choice

Question 26
Not yet answered
Marked out of 1
 Flag question

Question text
According to the passage, Egyptian artists treated harder stones differently from soft
stones by
Select one:
a.
keeping the harder stones exclusively for tombs
b.
leaving the color of harder stones exposed
c.
using the harder stones for statues and temples
d.
plastering and painting the surface of harder stones
Clear my choice

Question 27
Not yet answered
Marked out of 1

Flag question

Question text
The word "they" in line 10 refers to
Select one:
a.
floodwaters
b.
colors
c.
black stones
d.
tradition
Clear my choice

Question 28
Not yet answered
Marked out of 1
 Flag question

Question text
According to the first paragraph, black stones were used in ancient Egyptian art to
represent all of the following EXCEPT
Select one:
a.
resurrection from the dead
b.
life-giving energy from the sun
c.
the god of the dead
d.
life-giving silt from the Nile River
Clear my choice

Question 29
Not yet answered
Marked out of 1

Flag question

Question text
It can be inferred from the second paragraph that ancient Egyptian woodworkers
needed to have great skill because they had to
Select one:
a.
make stone statues as well as wooden ones
b.
arrange for coniferous wood to be imported from Syira
c.
learn a long tradition of woodworking
d.
work with uneven and difficult local timber
Clear my choice

Question 30
Not yet answered
Marked out of 1
 Flag question

Question text
The word "depict" in line 23 is closest in meaning to
Select one:
a.
exclude
b.
stress
c.
portray
d.
regret
Clear my choice

Question 31
Not yet answered
Marked out of 1

Flag question

Question text
According to the third paragraph, which of the following is true about copper in
ancient Egypt?
Select one:
a.
it was a material discovered late in Egyptian history
b.
it was used primarily for making jewerly
c.
it was frequently mixed with other metals
d.
it was valued more highly than gold and silver

Scientists have learned much about animal evolution from fossilized animal footprints. Animal tracks
tell of the earliest appearance of animals on dry lands. In the Devonian period (403-438 million years
ago) primitive fish, similar to today's lungfish, crawled on their bellies from one pool to another,
using lobed (rounded) fins to push themselves along. The lobe-finned fish that first ventured onto
land gave rise to the four-legged amphibians, whose tracks are found in formations of the late
Devonian. The amphibian tracks are generally broad and indicate a short stride, evidence that the
animal could barely hold its squat body off the ground. Amphibian footprints became abundant in
the Carboniferous period (320-408 million years ago) but decreased in the Permian (286-320 million
years ago),   owing to the takeover by the reptiles and the amphibians' preference for life in water.
         The increase in the number of reptilian footprints in the Carboniferous and the Permian plainly
shows the rise of the reptiles and the decline of the amphibians. Possibly one major factor leading to
the superiority of reptiles was their more efficient mode of locomotion on land. The reptiles were
also better suited for living full-time on dry land whereas the amphibians had to return to the water
to keep their skin from drying out and for reproduction. Although most reptiles moved on all fours,
by the late Permian some smaller reptiles reared up on their hind legs when  they wanted to move
swiftly. Their bodies pivoted at the hips and their long tails stabilized the weight of their nearly erect
trunks, freeing their forelimbs for attacking prey.
     At the beginning of the Mesozoic era (98-286 million years ago) the dinosaurs descended from
two-legged reptiles, and spectacular fossil footprints show that many early dinosaurs developed a
successful permanent bipedal stance. This increased their speed and agility and freed the forelimbs
for foraging and other useful tasks unsuited to clumsy legs. It also meant that the back legs and hips
had to support the entire weight of the animals, probably keeping them from growing larger than
they did. Some of the bipedal dinosaurs later reverted to a four-legged stance, probably as a result
of increased weight.

32. What does the passage mainly discuss?

Select one:

a.

how scientists identify and preserve fossilized animal footprints

b.

what the study of fossil footrpints reveals about prehistoric animals

c.

how prehistoric and modern animals differed in locomotion

d.

what similarities existed between early reptile and amphibian habitats

Clear my choice

Question 33
Not yet answered

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Question text
The author mentions "lungfish" in line 3 in order to

Select one:

a.

illustrate the decline of amphibians

b.

give an example of an animal that is rarely found today

c.

explain that fins have a variety of shapes

d.

compare a prehistoric fish to a modern one

Clear my choice

Question 34
Not yet answered

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Question text
According to the first paragraph, fossilized animal tracks indicate that four-legged amphibians

Select one:
 a.

were more powerful than reptiles during the Permian period

b.

evolved relatively quickly during the permian period

c.

existed in relatively large numbervduring Carboniferous period

d.

could more swiftly over land

Clear my choice

Question 35
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Question text
According to the second paragraph, reptiles may have become dominant because they

Select one:

a.

display rapid patterns of growth

b.

were able to reproduce both on land and in water

c.

were able to move about freely on land

d.
developed new methods of finding prey

Clear my choice

Question 36
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Question text
The word "whereas" in line 16 is closest in meaning to

Select one:

a.

still

b.

while on the contrary

c.

unless

d.

considering the fact that

Clear my choice

Question 37
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Question text
The word "they" in line 18 refers to

Select one:

a.

amphibians

b.

smaller reptiles

c.

hind legs

d.

bodies

Clear my choice

Question 38
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Flag question

Question text
The word "reverted" in line 27 is closest in meaning to

Select one:

a.

responded

b.

reacted

c.
returned

d.

related

Clear my choice

Question 39
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Question text
According to the third paragraph, it is likely that some dinosaurs did not continue to increase in size
because they

Select one:

a.

foraged among low growing plants

b.

completed for prey with two legged reptiles

c.

lacked great speed and agility

d.

supported their entire weight with their back legs and hips

Clear my choice

Question 40
Not yet answered

Marked out of 1
 Flag question

Question text
Which of the following questions is answered in the passage?

Select one:

a.

why did amphibians need to go back to water?

b.

how did reptiles and amphibians compete for food?

c.

during which period, did the dinosaurs decline?

d.

for what purpose did lobe finned fish crawl from one pool to another?

Clear my choice

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 Cities develop as a result of functions that they can perform. Some functions result
directly from the ingenuity of the citizenry, but most functions result from the needs
of the local area and of the surrounding hinterland (the region that supplies goods to
the city and to which the city furnishes services and other goods). Geographers often
make a distinction between the situation and the size of a city. Situation refers to the
general position in relation to the surrounding region, whereas site involves physical
characteristics of the specific location. Situation is normally much more important to
the continuing prosperity of a city. If a city is well situated in regard to hinterland, its
development is much more likely to continue. Chicago, for example, possesses an
almost unparalleled situation: it is located at the southern end of a huge lake that
forces east-west transportation lines to be compressed into its vicinity, and at a
meeting of significant land and water transport routes. It also overlooks what is one
of the world's finest large farming regions. These factors ensure that Chicago would
become a great city regardless of the disadvantageous characteristics of the
available site such as, being prone to flooding during thunderstorm activity.
       Similarly, it can be argued that much of New York City's importance stems from
its early and continuing advantages of situation. Philadelphia and Boston both
originated at about the same time as New York and shared New York's location at
the western end of one of the world's most important oceanic trade routes, but only
New York possessed an easy-access functional connection (the Hudson-Mohawk
lowland) to the vast Midwestern hinterland. This account does not alone explain New
York's primacy, but it does include several important factors. Among the many
aspects of situation that help to explain why some cities grow and others do not,
original location on a navigable waterway seems particularly applicable. Of course,
such characteristics as slope, drainage, power resources, river crossings, coastal
shapes, and other physical characteristics help to determine city location, but such
factors are normally more significant in early stages of city development than later.

41. What does the passage mainly discuss?

Select one:
a.
the importance of georaphical situation in the growth of United States cities
b.
contrasts in settlement patterns in United States cities
c.
the development of trade routes through United States cities
d.
historical differences among three large United States cities
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The word "ingenuity" in line 2 is closest in meaning to
Select one:
a.
organization
b.
resourcefulness
c.
wealth
d.
traditions
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The primary purpose of the first paragraph is to
Select one:
a.
empphasize the advantages of one theory over another
b.
describe a historical period
c.
define a term and illustrate it with an example
d.
summarize past research and introduce a new study
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The word "characteristics" in line 14 is closest in meaning to
Select one:
a.
qualities
b.
attitudes
c.
choices
d.
inhabitants
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The passage suggests that a geographer would consider a city's soil type part of its
Select one:
a.
site
b.
hinterland
c.
situation
d.
function
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According to the passage, a city's situation is more important than its site in regard to
the city's
Select one:
a.
ability to protect its citizenry
b.
possession of favorable weather condition
c.
need to import food supplies
d.
long-term growth and prosperity
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The author mentions each of the following as an advantage of Chicago's location
EXCEPT its
Select one:
a.
flat terrain
b.
nearness to a large lake
c.
hinterland
d.
position in regard to transport routes
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The word "functional" in line 20 is closest in meaning to
Select one:
a.
usable
b.
alternate
c.
original
d.
unknown
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According to the passage, Philadelphia and Boston are similar to New York City in
Select one:
a.
size of population
b.
site
c.
age
d.
available of rail transportation
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The word "significant" in line 26 closest in meaning to
Select one:
a.
threatening
b.
meaningful
c.
available