Role of teachers

Teachers play a crucial role in nation building. Through quality teachers, the Philippines can develop holistic
learners who are steeped in values, equipped with 21st century skills, and able to propel the country to
development and progress. This is in consonance with the Department of Education vision of producing:
“Filipinos who passionately love their country and whose values and competencies enable them to realize their
full potential and contribute meaningfully to building the nation” (DepED Order No. 36, s. 2013).

Evidences show unequivocally that good teachers are vital to raising student achievement, i.e., quality learning
is contingent upon quality teaching. Hence, enhancing teacher quality becomes of utmost importance for long-
term and sustainable nation building.

The changes brought about by various national and global frameworks such as the K to 12 Reform and the
ASEAN integration, globalization, and the changing character of the 21st century learners necessitate
improvement and adaptability of education, and a call for the rethinking of the current teacher standards.

Professional standards for teachers

The Philippine Government has consistently pursued teacher quality reforms through a number of initiatives. As
a framework of teacher quality, the National Competency-Based Teacher Standards (NCBTS) was
institutionalized through CHED Memorandum Order No. 52, s. 2007 and DepED Order No. 32, s. 2009. It
emerged as part of the implementation of the Basic Education Sector Reform Agenda (BESRA), and was
facilitated by drawing on the learning considerations of programs, such as the Basic Education Assistance for
Mindanao (BEAM), the Strengthening Implementation of Visayas Education (STRIVE) project and the Third
Elementary Education Project (TEEP).

The K to 12 Reform (R.A. 10533) in 2013 has changed the landscape of teacher quality requirements in the
Philippines. The reform process warrants an equivalent supportive focus on teacher quality – high quality
teachers who are properly equipped and prepared to assume the roles and functions of a K to 12 teacher.

The Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers, which is built on NCBTS, complements the reform initiatives
on teacher quality from pre-service education to in-service training. It articulates what constitutes teacher
quality in the K to 12 Reform through well-defined domains, strands, and indicators that provide measures of
professional learning, competent practice, and effective engagement. This set of standards makes explicit what
teachers should know, be able to do and value to achieve competence, improved student learning outcomes,
and eventually quality education. It is founded on teaching philosophies of learner-centeredness, lifelong
learning, and inclusivity/inclusiveness, among others. The professional standards, therefore, become a public
statement of professional accountability that can help teachers reflect on and assess their own practices as they
aspire for personal growth and professional development.

Teacher quality in the Philippines

The Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers defines teacher quality in the Philippines. The standards
describe the expectations of teachers’ increasing levels of knowledge, practice and professional engagement. At
the same time, the standards allow for teachers’ growing understanding, applied with increasing sophistication
across a broader and more complex range of teaching/learning situations.

The following describes the breadth of 7 Domains that are required by teachers to be effective in the 21st
Century in the Philippines. Quality teachers in the Philippines need to possess the following characteristics:

 recognize the importance of mastery of content knowledge and its interconnectedness within and
across curriculum areas, coupled with a sound and critical understanding of the application of theories
and principles of teaching and learning. They apply developmentally appropriate and meaningful
pedagogy grounded on content knowledge and current research. They display proficiency in Mother
Tongue, Filipino and English to facilitate the teaching and learning process, as well as exhibit the
needed skills in the use of communication strategies, teaching strategies and technologies to promote
high-quality learning outcomes.
 provide learning environments that are safe, secure, fair and supportive in order to promote learner
responsibility and achievement. They create an environment that is learning-focused and they
efficiently manage learner behavior in a physical and virtual space. They utilize a range of resources
and provide intellectually challenging and stimulating activities to encourage constructive classroom
interactions geared towards the attainment of high standards of learning.
 establish learning environments that are responsive to learner diversity. They respect learners’ diverse
characteristics and experiences as inputs to the planning and design of learning opportunities. They
encourage the celebration of diversity in the classroom and the need for teaching practices that are
differentiated to encourage all learners to be successful citizens in a changing local and global
environment.
 interact with the national and local curriculum requirements. They translate curriculum content into
learning activities that are relevant to learners and based on the principles of effective teaching and
learning. They apply their professional knowledge to plan and design, individually or in collaboration
with colleagues, well-structured and sequenced lessons that are contextually relevant, responsive to
learners’ needs and incorporate a range of teaching and learning resources. They communicate
learning goals to support learner participation, understanding and achievement.
 apply a variety of assessment tools and strategies in monitoring, evaluating, documenting and
reporting learners’ needs, progress and achievement. They use assessment data in a variety of ways to
inform and enhance the teaching and learning process and programs. They provide learners with the
necessary feedback about learning outcomes that informs the reporting cycle and enables teachers to
select, organize and use sound assessment processes.
 establish school-community partnerships aimed at enriching the learning environment, as well as the
community’s engagement in the educative process. They identify and respond to opportunities that
link teaching and learning in the classroom to the experiences, interests and aspirations of the wider
school community and other key stakeholders. They understand and fulfill their obligations in
upholding professional ethics, accountability and transparency to promote professional and
harmonious relationships with learners, parents, schools and the wider community.
 value personal growth and professional development and exhibit high personal regard for the
profession by maintaining qualities that uphold the dignity of teaching such as caring attitude, respect
and integrity. They value personal and professional reflection and learning to improve their practice.
They assume responsibility for personal growth and professional development for lifelong learning.

The 7 Domains collectively comprise 37 strands that refer

to more specific dimensions of teacher practices.
Domain 1, Content Knowledge and Pedagogy, is composed of seven
strands:

1. Content knowledge and its application within and across curriculum areas
2. Research-based knowledge and principles of teaching and learning
3. Positive use of ICT
4. Strategies for promoting literacy and numeracy
5. Strategies for developing critical and creative thinking, as well as other higher-order thinking skills
6. Mother Tongue, Filipino and English in teaching and learning
7. Classroom communication strategies
Domain 2, Learning Environment, consists of six strands:

1. Learner safety and security

2. Fair learning environment
3. Management of classroom structure and activities
4. Support for learner participation
5. Promotion of purposive learning
6. Management of learner behavior
Domain 3, Diversity of Learners, consists of five strands:

1. Learners’ gender, needs, strengths, interests and experiences

2. Learners’ linguistic, cultural, socio-economic and religious backgrounds
3. Learners with disabilities, giftedness and talents
4. Learners in difficult circumstances
5. Learners from indigenous groups
Domain 4, Curriculum and Planning, includes five strands:

1. Planning and management of teaching and learning process

2. Learning outcomes aligned with learning competencies
3. Relevance and responsiveness of learning programs
4. Professional collaboration to enrich teaching practice
5. Teaching and learning resources including ICT
Domain 5, Assessment and Reporting, is composed of five strands:

1. Design, selection, organization and utilization of assessment strategies

2. Monitoring and evaluation of learner progress and achievement
3. Feedback to improve learning
4. Communication of learner needs, progress and achievement to key stakeholders
5. Use of assessment data to enhance teaching and learning practices and programs
Domain 6, Community Linkages and Professional Engagement, consists
of four strands:

1. Establishment of learning environments that are responsive to community contexts

2. Engagement of parents and the wider school community in the educative process
3. Professional ethics
4. School policies and procedures
Domain 7, Personal Growth and Professional Development, contains five
strands:

1. Philosophy of teaching
2. Dignity of teaching as a profession
3. Professional links with colleagues
4. Professional reflection and learning to improve practice
5. Professional development goals
Career stages

Teacher professional development happens in a continuum from beginning to exemplary practice. Anchored on
the principle of lifelong learning, the set of professional standards for teachers recognizes the significance of a
standards framework that articulates developmental progression as teachers develop, refine their practice and
respond to the complexities of educational reforms.

The following statements, which define the work of teachers at different career stages, make explicit the
elements of high-quality teaching for the 21st century. They comprise descriptors that have been informed by
teachers’ understandings of what is required at each of the four Career Stages. The descriptors represent a
continuum of development within the profession by providing a basis for attracting, preparing, developing and
supporting teachers.

Career Stage 1 or Beginning Teachers have gained the qualifications recognized for entry into the teaching
profession. They have a strong understanding of the subjects/areas in which they are trained in terms of
content knowledge and pedagogy. They possess the requisite knowledge, skills and values that support the
teaching and learning process. They manage learning programs and have strategies that promote learning
based on the learning needs of their students. They seek advice from experienced colleagues to consolidate
their teaching practice.
Career Stage 2 or Proficient Teachers are professionally independent in the application of skills vital to the
teaching and learning process. They provide focused teaching programs that meet curriculum and assessment
requirements. They display skills in planning, implementing, and managing learning programs. They actively
engage in collaborative learning with the professional community and other stakeholders for mutual growth
and advancement. They are reflective practitioners who continually consolidate the knowledge, skills and
practices of Career Stage 1 teachers.
Career Stage 3 or Highly Proficient Teachers consistently display a high level of performance in their
teaching practice. They manifest an in-depth and sophisticated understanding of the teaching and learning
process. They have high education-focused situation cognition, are more adept in problem solving and
optimize opportunities gained from experience. Career Stage 3 Teachers work collaboratively with colleagues
and provide them support and mentoring to enhance their learning and practice. They continually seek to
develop their professional knowledge and practice by reflecting on their own needs, and those of their
colleagues and students.
Career Stage 4 or Distinguished Teachers embody the highest standard for teaching grounded in global best
practices. They exhibit exceptional capacity to improve their own teaching practice and that of others. They are
recognized as leaders in education, contributors to the profession and initiators of collaborations and
partnerships. They create lifelong impact in the lives of colleagues, students and others. They consistently seek
professional advancement and relevance in pursuit of teaching quality and excellence. They exhibit
commitment to inspire the education community and stakeholders for the improvement of education provision
in the Philippines.
 Domains/ Strands/ Indicators for Different Career Stages
Domain 1. Content Knowledge and Pedagogy

Domain 1 recognizes the importance of teachers’ mastery of content knowledge and its interconnectedness
within and across curriculum areas, coupled with a sound and critical understanding of the application of
theories and principles of teaching and learning. This Domain encompasses teachers’ ability to apply
developmentally appropriate and meaningful pedagogy grounded on content knowledge and current research.
It takes into account teachers’ proficiency in Mother Tongue, Filipino and English in the teaching and learning
process, as well as needed skills in the use of communication strategies, teaching strategies, and technologies
to promote high-quality learning outcomes.

Beginning Proficient Highly Proficient Distinguished

Strands Teachers Teachers Teachers Teachers

1.1.4 Model
1.1.3 Model exemplary practice
Strand 1.1 1.1.1 Demonstrate effective to improve the
Content content knowledge 1.1.2 Apply applications of applications of
knowledge and and its application knowledge of content knowledge content knowledge
its application within and/or content within and within and across within and across
within and across across curriculum across curriculum curriculum curriculum teaching
curriculum areas teaching areas. teaching areas. teaching areas. areas.

1.2.2 Use 1.2.4 Lead

research-based 1.2.3 Collaborate colleagues in the
1.2.1 Demonstrate knowledge and with colleagues in advancement of the
Strand 1.2 an understanding principles of the conduct and art and science of
Research-based of research-based teaching and application of teaching based on
knowledge and knowledge and learning to research to enrich their comprehensive
principles of principles of enhance knowledge of knowledge of
teaching and teaching and professional content and research and
learning learning. practice. pedagogy. pedagogy.

1.3.4 Mentor
1.3.3 Promote colleagues in the
1.3.1 Show skills 1.3.2 Ensure the effective strategies implementation of
in the positive use positive use of in the positive use policies to ensure
Strand 1.3 of ICT to facilitate ICT to facilitate of ICT to facilitate the positive use of
Positive use of the teaching and the teaching and the teaching and ICT within or
ICT learning process. learning process. learning process. beyond the school.

1.4.3 Evaluate with 1.4.4 Model a

colleagues the comprehensive
1.4.2 Use a range effectiveness of selection of
1.4.1 Demonstrate of teaching teaching strategies effective teaching
Strand 1.4 knowledge of strategies that that promote strategies that
Strategies for teaching strategies enhance learner learner promote learner
promoting that promote achievement in achievement in achievement in
literacy and literacy and literacy and literacy and literacy and
numeracy numeracy skills. numeracy skills. numeracy. numeracy.

Strand 1.5 1.5.1 Apply 1.5.2 Apply a 1.5.3 Develop and 1.5.4 Lead
 Beginning Proficient Highly Proficient Distinguished
Strands Teachers Teachers Teachers Teachers

colleagues in
reviewing,
range of teaching modifying and
Strategies for teaching strategies strategies to apply effective expanding their
developing that develop develop critical teaching strategies range of teaching
critical and critical and and creative to promote critical strategies that
creative thinking, creative thinking, thinking, as well and creative promote critical and
as well as other and/or other as other higher- thinking, as well as creative thinking, as
higher-order higher-order order thinking other higher-order well as other higher-
thinking skills thinking skills. skills. thinking skills. order thinking skills.

1.6.4 Show
1.6.3 Model and exemplary skills in
support colleagues and advocate the use
in the proficient of Mother Tongue,
use of Mother Filipino and English
Tongue, Filipino in teaching and
and English to learning to facilitate
1.6.2 Display improve teaching the learners'
Strand 1.6 proficient use of and learning, as language, cognitive
Mother Tongue, 1.6.1 Use Mother Mother Tongue, well as to develop and academic
Filipino and Tongue, Filipino Filipino and the learners' pride development and to
English in and English to English to of their language, foster pride of their
teaching and facilitate teaching facilitate teaching heritage and language, heritage
learning and learning. and learning. culture. and culture.

1.7.4 Exhibit
exemplary practice
in the use of
1.7.1 Demonstrate 1.7.3 Display a effective verbal and
an understanding 1.7.2 Use wide range of non-verbal
of the range of effective verbal effective verbal classroom
verbal and non- and non-verbal and non-verbal communication
verbal classroom classroom classroom strategies to support
communication communication communication learner
strategies that strategies to strategies to understanding,
support learner support learner support learner participation,
Strand 1.7 understanding, understanding, understanding, engagement and
Classroom participation, participation, participation, achievement in
communication engagement and engagement and engagement and different learning
strategies achievement. achievement. achievement. contexts.

Domain 2. Learning Environment

Domain 2 highlights the role of teachers to provide learning environments that are safe, secure, fair and
supportive in order to promote learner responsibility and achievement. This Domain centers on creating an
environment that is learning-focused and in which teachers efficiently manage learner behavior in a physical
and virtual space. It highlights the need for teachers to utilize a range of resources and provide intellectually
challenging and stimulating activities to encourage constructive classroom interactions geared towards the
attainment of high standards of learning.
 Beginning Proficient Highly Proficient Distinguished
Strands Teachers Teachers Teachers Teachers

2.1.3 Exhibit 2.1.4 Apply

2.1.2 Establish effective strategies comprehensive
safe and secure that ensure safe and knowledge of and act
2.1.1 Demonstrate learning secure learning as a resource person
knowledge of environments to environments to for, policies, guidelines
policies, enhance learning enhance learning and procedures that
guidelines and through the through the relate to the
procedures that consistent consistent implementation of safe
Strand 2.1 provide safe and implementation of implementation of and secure learning
Learner safety secure learning policies, guidelines policies, guidelines environments for
and security environments. and procedures. and procedures. learners.

2.2.1 Demonstrate 2.2.4 Advocate and

understanding of 2.2.2 Maintain 2.2.3 Exhibit facilitate the use of
learning learning effective practices effective practices to
environments that environments that to foster learning foster learning
promote fairness, promote fairness, environments that environments that
Strand 2.2 respect and care respect and care to promote fairness, promote fairness,
Fair learning to encourage encourage respect and care to respect and care to
environment learning. learning. encourage learning. encourage learning.

2.3.1 Demonstrate 2.3.3 Work with

knowledge of colleagues to model
managing and share effective
classroom 2.3.2 Manage techniques in the
structure that classroom management of
engages learners, structure to engage classroom structure
individually or in learners, to engage learners,
groups, in individually or in individually or in 2.3.4 Model exemplary
meaningful groups, in groups, in practices in the
exploration, meaningful meaningful management of
discovery and exploration, exploration, classroom structure
Strand 2.3 hands-on discovery and discovery and and activities, and lead
Management activities within hands-on activities hands-on activities colleagues at the
of classroom the available within a range of within a range of whole-school level to
structure and physical learning physical learning physical learning review and evaluate
activities environments. environments. environments. their practices.

2.4.3 Work with

colleagues to share
successful strategies
2.4.2 Maintain that sustain
2.4.1 Demonstrate supportive learning supportive learning
understanding of environments that environments that 2.4.4 Facilitate
supportive nurture and inspire nurture and inspire processes to review the
learning learners to learners to effectiveness of the
Strand 2.4 environments that participate, participate, school's learning
Support for nurture and cooperate and cooperate and environment to nurture
learner inspire learner collaborate in collaborate in and inspire learner
participation participation. continued learning. continued learning. participation.

Strand 2.5 2.5.1 Demonstrate 2.5.2 Apply a 2.5.3 Model 2.5.4 Lead and
Promotion of knowledge of range of successful successful strategies empower colleagues in
purposive learning strategies that and support promoting learning
 Beginning Proficient Highly Proficient Distinguished
Strands Teachers Teachers Teachers Teachers

colleagues in
environments that maintain learning promoting learning
motivate learners environments that environments that environments that
to work motivate learners effectively motivate effectively motivate
productively by to work learners to work learners to achieve
assuming productively by productively by quality outcomes by
responsibility for assuming assuming assuming
their own responsibility for responsibility for responsibility for their
learning learning. their own learning. their own learning. own learning.

2.6.3 Exhibit 2.6.4 Provide

2.6.2 Manage effective and leadership in applying
learner behavior constructive a wide range of
2.6.1 Demonstrate constructively by behavior strategies in the
knowledge of applying positive management skills implementation of
positive and non- and non-violent by applying positive positive and non-
Strand 2.6 violent discipline discipline to and non-violent violent discipline
Management in the ensure learning- discipline to ensure policies/procedures to
of learner management of focused learning-focused ensure learning-
behavior learner behavior. environments. environments. focused environments.

Domain 3. Diversity of Learners

Domain 3 emphasizes the central role of teachers in establishing learning environments that are responsive to
learner diversity. This Domain underscores the importance of teachers’ knowledge and understanding of, as
well as respect for, learners’ diverse characteristics and experiences as inputs to the planning and design of
learning opportunities. It encourages the celebration of diversity in the classrooms and the need for teaching
practices that are differentiated to encourage all learners to be successful citizens in a changing local and global
environment.

Beginning Highly Proficient Distinguished

Strands Teachers Proficient Teachers Teachers Teachers

3.1.4 Lead
3.1.3 Work with colleagues to
colleagues to share evaluate
3.1.1 Demonstrate 3.1.2 Use differentiated, differentiated
knowledge and differentiated, developmentally strategies to enrich
Strand 3.1 understanding of developmentally appropriate teaching practices
differentiated appropriate learning opportunities to that address
Learners' teaching to suit experiences to address learners' learners'
gender, needs, the learners' address learners' differences in differences in
strengths, gender, needs, gender, needs, gender, needs, gender, needs,
interests and strengths, interests strengths, interests strengths, interests strengths, interests
experiences and experiences. and experiences. and experiences. and experiences.

Strand 3.2 3.2.1 Implement 3.2.2 Establish a 3.2.3 Exhibit a 3.2.4 Model
teaching strategies learner-centered learner-centered exemplary teaching
Learners' that are responsive culture by using culture that promotes practices that
linguistic, to the learners' teaching strategies success by using recognize and
cultural, socio- linguistic, cultural, that respond to their effective teaching affirm diverse
 Beginning Highly Proficient Distinguished
Strands Teachers Proficient Teachers Teachers Teachers

strategies that linguistic, cultural,

respond to their socioeconomic and
linguistic, cultural, linguistic, cultural, religious
economic and socio-economic socio-economic and socioeconomic and backgrounds to
religious and religious religious religious promote learner
backgrounds backgrounds. backgrounds. backgrounds. success.

3.3.4 Lead
3.3.3 Assist colleagues in
3.3.2 Design, adapt colleagues to design, designing, adapting
3.3.1 Use and implement adapt and implement and implementing
Strand 3.3 strategies teaching strategies teaching strategies teaching strategies
responsive to that are responsive that are responsive that are responsive
Learners with learners with to learners with to learners with to learners with
disabilities, disabilities, disabilities, disabilities, disabilities,
giftedness and giftedness and giftedness and giftedness and giftedness and
talents talents. talents. talents. talents.

3.4.4 Model a
3.4.1 Demonstrate 3.4.2 Plan and 3.4.3 Evaluate with range of high level
understanding of deliver teaching colleagues teaching skills responsive to
the special strategies that are strategies that are the special
educational needs responsive to the responsive to the educational needs
of learners in special educational special educational of learners in
difficult needs of learners in needs of learners in difficult
circumstances, difficult difficult circumstances,
including: circumstances, circumstances, including:
geographic including: including: geographic
isolation; chronic geographic isolation; geographic isolation; isolation; chronic
illness; chronic illness; chronic illness; illness;
displacement due displacement due to displacement due to displacement due
to armed conflict, armed conflict, armed conflict, to armed conflict,
Strand 3.4 urban resettlement urban resettlement urban resettlement or urban resettlement
Learners in or disasters; child or disasters; child disasters; child abuse or disasters; child
difficult abuse and child abuse and child and child labor abuse and child
circumstances labor practices. labor practices. practices. labor practices.

3.5.4 Show
comprehensive
skills in delivering
culturally
3.5.1 Demonstrate 3.5.2 Adapt and use appropriate
knowledge of culturally 3.5.3 Develop and teaching strategies
teaching strategies appropriate teaching apply teaching to address
Strand 3.5 that are inclusive strategies to address strategies to address effectively the
Learners from of learners from the needs of learners effectively the needs needs of learners
indigenous indigenous from indigenous of learners from from indigenous
groups groups. groups. indigenous groups. groups.

Domain 4. Curriculum and Planning

Domain 4 addresses teachers’ knowledge of and interaction with the national and local curriculum
requirements. This Domain encompasses their ability to translate curriculum content into learning activities that
are relevant to learners and based on the principles of effective teaching and learning. It expects teachers to
apply their professional knowledge to plan and design, individually or in collaboration with colleagues, well-
structured and sequenced lessons. These lesson sequences and associated learning programs should be
contextually relevant, responsive to learners’ needs and incorporate a range of teaching and learning resources.
The Domain expects teachers to communicate learning goals to support learner participation, understanding
and achievement.

Beginning Proficient Highly Proficient Distinguished

Strands Teachers Teachers Teachers Teachers

4.1.3 Develop and

apply effective
strategies in the 4.1.4 Model
4.1.2 Plan, manage planning and exemplary practice
and implement management of and lead colleagues
developmentally developmentally in enhancing current
4.1.1 Prepare sequenced teaching sequenced teaching practices in the
Strand 4.1 developmentally and learning and learning planning and
sequenced process to meet process to meet management of
Planning and teaching and curriculum curriculum developmentally
management of learning process to requirements and requirements and sequenced teaching
teaching and meet curriculum varied teaching varied teaching and learning
learning process requirements. contexts. contexts. process.

4.2.3 Model to 4.2.4 Exhibit high-

colleagues the level skills and lead
setting of in setting achievable
achievable and and challenging
challenging learning outcomes
4.2.2 Set learning outcomes that are aligned with
Strand 4.2 achievable and that are aligned learning
Learning 4.2.1 Identify appropriate with learning competencies
outcomes learning outcomes learning outcomes competencies to towards the
aligned with that are aligned that are aligned cultivate a culture cultivation of a
learning with learning with learning of excellence for all culture of
competencies competencies. competencies. learners. excellence for all.

4.3.3 Work 4.3.4 Provide advice

collaboratively with in the design and
colleagues to implementation of
evaluate the design relevant and
4.3.2 Adapt and of learning responsive learning
4.3.1 Demonstrate implement learning programs that programs that
Strand 4.3 knowledge in the programs that develop the develop the
Relevance and implementation of ensure relevance knowledge and knowledge and
responsiveness relevant and and responsiveness skills of learners at skills of learners at
of learning responsive to the needs of all different ability different ability
programs learning programs. learners. levels. levels.

4.4.4 Lead
4.4.2 Participate in 4.4.3 Review with colleagues in
Strand 4.4 collegial colleagues, teacher professional
4.4.1 Seek advice discussions that and learner discussions to plan
Professional concerning use teacher and feedback to plan, and implement
collaboration to strategies that can learner feedback to facilitate, and strategies that
enrich teaching enrich teaching enrich teaching enrich teaching enrich teaching
practice practice. practice. practice. practice.
 Beginning Proficient Highly Proficient Distinguished
Strands Teachers Teachers Teachers Teachers

4.5.3 Advise and

guide colleagues in 4.5.4 Model
4.5.1 Show skills the selection, exemplary skills
in the selection, 4.5.2 Select, organization, and lead colleagues
development and develop, organize development and in the development
Strand 4.5 use of a variety of and use appropriate use of appropriate and evaluation of
teaching and teaching and teaching and teaching and
Teaching and learning resources, learning resources, learning resources, learning resources,
learning including ICT, to including ICT, to including ICT, to including ICT, for
resources address learning address learning address specific use within and
including ICT goals. goals. learning goals. beyond the school.

Domain 5. Assessment and Reporting

Domain 5 relates to processes associated with a variety of assessment tools and strategies used by teachers in
monitoring, evaluating, documenting and reporting learners’ needs, progress and achievement. This Domain
concerns the use of assessment data in a variety of ways to inform and enhance the teaching and learning
process and programs. It concerns teachers providing learners with the necessary feedback about learning
outcomes. This feedback informs the reporting cycle and enables teachers to select, organize and use sound
assessment processes.

Beginning Proficient Highly Proficient Distinguished

Strands Teachers Teachers Teachers Teachers

5.1.4 Lead
initiatives in the
5.1.3 Work evaluation of
5.1.1 collaboratively with assessment policies
Demonstrate colleagues to review and guidelines that
knowledge of the the design, relate to the design,
design, selection, 5.1.2 Design, selection, selection,
organization and select, organize and organization and organization and use
Strand 5.1 use of diagnostic, use diagnostic, use of a range of of effective
formative and formative and effective diagnostic, diagnostic,
Design, summative summative formative and formative and
selection, assessment assessment summative summative
organization and strategies strategies assessment assessment
utilization of consistent with consistent with strategies consistent strategies consistent
assessment curriculum curriculum with curriculum with curriculum
strategies requirements. requirements. requirements. requirements.

5.2.1
Demonstrate 5.2.3 Interpret
knowledge of collaboratively
Strand 5.2 monitoring and 5.2.2 Monitor and monitoring and 5.2.4 Provide advice
evaluation of evaluate learner evaluation strategies on, and mentor
Monitoring and learner progress progress and of attainment data to colleagues in the
evaluation of and achievement achievement using support learner effective analysis
learner progress using learner learner attainment progress and and use of learner
and achievement attainment data. data. achievement. attainment data.
 Beginning Proficient Highly Proficient Distinguished
Strands Teachers Teachers Teachers Teachers

5.3.4 Exhibit
exemplary skills and
5.3.3 Use effective lead initiatives to
5.3.1 strategies for support colleagues
Demonstrate providing timely, in applying
knowledge of 5.3.2 Use strategies accurate and strategies that
providing timely, for providing constructive effectively provide
accurate and timely, accurate feedback to timely, accurate and
Strand 5.3 constructive and constructive encourage learners constructive
feedback to feedback to to reflect on and feedback to learners
Feedback to improve learner improve learner improve their own to improve learning
improve learning performance. performance. learning. achievement.

5.4.4 Share with

colleagues a wide
5.4.1 5.4.3 Apply skills in range of strategies
Demonstrate 5.4.2 Communicate the effective that ensure effective
Strand 5.4 familiarity with a promptly and communication of communication of
range of clearly the learners' learner needs, learner needs,
Communication strategies for needs, progress and progress and progress and
of learner needs, communicating achievement to key achievement to key achievement to key
progress and learner needs, stakeholders, stakeholders, stakeholders,
achievement to progress and including including including
key stakeholders achievement. parents/guardians. parents/guardians. parents/guardians.

5.5.1 5.5.3 Work

Strand 5.5 Demonstrate an collaboratively with 5.5.4 Lead
understanding of colleagues to colleagues to
Use of the role of 5.5.2 Utilize analyze and utilize explore, design and
assessment data assessment data assessment data to assessment data to implement effective
to enhance as feedback in inform the modify practices practices and
teaching and teaching and modification of and programs to programs using
learning learning teaching and further support information derived
practices and practices and learning practices learner progress and from assessment
programs programs. and programs. achievement. data.

Domain 6. Community Linkages and Professional Engagement

Domain 6 affirms the role of teachers in establishing school-community partnerships aimed at enriching the
learning environment, as well as the community’s engagement in the educative process. This Domain expects
teachers to identify and respond to opportunities that link teaching and learning in the classroom to the
experiences, interests and aspirations of the wider school community and other key stakeholders. It concerns
the importance of teachers’ understanding and fulfilling their obligations in upholding professional ethics,
accountability and transparency to promote professional and harmonious relationships with learners, parents,
schools and the wider community.

Beginning Proficient Highly Proficient Distinguished

Strands Teachers Teachers Teachers Teachers

Strand 6.1 6.1.1 Demonstrate 6.1.2 Maintain 6.1.3 Reflect on and 6.1.4 Model
an understanding of learning evaluate learning exemplary practice
 Beginning Proficient Highly Proficient Distinguished
Strands Teachers Teachers Teachers Teachers

and empower
colleagues to
Establishment establish and
of learning knowledge of maintain effective
environments learning learning
that are environments that environments that environments that environments that
responsive to are responsive to are responsive to are responsive to are responsive to
community community community community community
contexts contexts. contexts. contexts. contexts.

6.2.4 Lead in
6.2.3 Guide consolidating
colleagues to networks that
Strand 6.2 6.2.2 Build strengthen strengthen
6.2.1 Seek advice relationships with relationships with relationships with
Engagement of concerning parents/guardians parents/guardians parents/guardians
parents and the strategies that build and the wider and the wider and the wider
wider school relationships with school community school community school community
community in parents/guardians to facilitate to maximize their to maximize their
the educative and the wider involvement in the involvement in the involvement in the
process community. educative process. educative process. educative process.

6.3.3 Discuss with

6.3.1 Demonstrate 6.3.2 Review colleagues teaching 6.3.4 Lead
awareness of regularly personal and learning colleagues in the
existing laws and teaching practice practices that apply regular review of
regulations that using existing laws existing codes, laws existing codes, laws
apply to the and regulations that and regulations that and regulations that
teaching profession, apply to the apply to the apply to the
and become teaching profession teaching profession, teaching profession,
familiar with the and the and the and the
responsibilities responsibilities responsibilities responsibilities as
specified in the specified in the specified in the specified in the
Strand 6.3 Code of Ethics for Code of Ethics for Code of Ethics for Code of Ethics for
Professional Professional Professional Professional Professional
ethics Teachers. Teachers. Teachers. Teachers.

6.4.3 Exhibit
6.4.2 Comply with commitment to and 6.4.4 Evaluate
6.4.1 Demonstrate and implement support teachers in existing school
knowledge and school policies and the implementation policies and
understanding of procedures of school policies procedures to make
school policies and consistently to and procedures to them more
procedures to foster foster harmonious foster harmonious responsive to the
Strand 6.4 harmonious relationships with relationships with needs of the
relationship with learners, parents, learners, parents learners, parents
School policies the wider school and other and other and other
and procedures community. stakeholders. stakeholders. stakeholders.

Domain 7. Personal Growth and Professional Development

Domain 7 focuses on teachers’ personal growth and professional development. It accentuates teachers’ proper
and high personal regard for the profession by maintaining qualities that uphold the dignity of teaching such as
caring attitude, respect and integrity. This Domain values personal and professional reflection and learning to
improve practice. It recognizes the importance of teachers’ assuming responsibility for personal growth and
professional development for lifelong learning.

Beginning Proficient Highly Proficient Distinguished

Strands Teachers Teachers Teachers Teachers

7.1.3 Manifest a
learner-centered
teaching philosophy 7.1.4 Model a
in various aspects learner-centered
of practice and teaching philosophy
7.1.1 Articulate a 7.1.2 Apply a support colleagues through teaching
Strand 7.1 personal personal in enhancing their practices that
philosophy of philosophy of own learner- stimulate colleagues
Philosophy of teaching that is teaching that is centered teaching to engage in further
teaching learner-centered. learner-centered. philosophy. professional learning.

7.2.3 Identify and

7.2.2 Adopt utilize personal
7.2.1 Demonstrate practices that professional 7.2.4 Act as a role
behaviors that uphold the dignity strengths to uphold model and advocate
uphold the dignity of teaching as a the dignity of for upholding the
of teaching as a profession by teaching as a dignity of teaching as
Strand 7.2 profession by exhibiting profession to help a profession to build
exhibiting qualities qualities such as build a positive a positive teaching
Dignity of such as caring caring attitude, teaching and and learning culture
teaching as a attitude, respect respect and learning culture within and beyond
profession and integrity. integrity. within the school. the school.

7.3.4 Take a
leadership role in
supporting
7.3.3 Contribute colleagues'
actively to engagement with
professional professional networks
Strand 7.3 7.3.1 Seek 7.3.2 Participate in networks within within and across
opportunities to professional and between schools to advance
Professional establish networks to share schools to improve knowledge and
links with professional links knowledge and to knowledge and to practice in identified
colleagues with colleagues. enhance practice. enhance practice. areas of need.

Strand 7.4 7.4.3 Initiate

7.4.2 Develop a professional 7.4.4. Demonstrate
Professional personal reflections and leadership within and
reflection and 7.4.1 Demonstrate professional promote learning across school
learning to an understanding of improvement plan opportunities with contexts in critically
improve how professional based on colleagues to evaluating practice
practice reflection and reflection of one's improve practice. and setting clearly

Strand 7.5 7.5.1 Demonstrate 7.5.2 Set 7.5.3 Reflect on the 7.5.4 Lead reforms in
motivation to professional Philippine enhancing
Professional realize professional development goals Professional professional
development development goals based on the Standards for development
goals based on the Philippine Teachers to plan programs based on an
Philippine Professional personal in-depth knowledge
Professional Standards for professional and understanding of
 Beginning Proficient Highly Proficient Distinguished
Strands Teachers Teachers Teachers Teachers

development goals
and assist
colleagues in the Philippine
planning and Professional
Standards for achieving their own Standards for
Teachers. Teachers. goals. Teachers.

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Learner data obtained from diagnostic, formative and/or summative

Assessment Data assessment practices

The physical set-up of the learning environment which generally

includes the arrangement of chairs, tables, and other equipment in the
Classroom Structure classroom designed to maximize learning

Competencies that teachers are expected to master for them to teach

Content Knowledge efficiently and effectively

Culturally-appropriate teaching Teaching strategies that respect cultural differences between and among
strategies students and teachers

Different learning/subject areas taught and learned in the basic education

Curriculum Areas curriculum

Involve exploring ideas, generating possibilities and looking for many

Creative thinking skills right answers rather than just one.

Refer to the many kinds of intellectual skills that (in its most basic
expression) occurs when students are analyzing, evaluating, interpreting,
or synthesizing information and applying creative thought to form an
Critical thinking skills argument, solve a problem, or reach a conclusion.

Developmentally Appropriate Teaching and learning activities and tasks suited to the needs, abilities,
Learning Experience skills, and developmental level of learners

Assesses what the learner already knows prior to instruction. It also

analyzes the nature of difficulties and misconceptions that the learner
might have, which, if undiagnosed, might affect their learning of newer
concepts. Based on DepEd Order No. 8, s. 2015, there are only two types
of classroom assessment, namely, formative and summative. Formative
Diagnostic assessment assessment already covers diagnostic assessment.

Teaching-learning processes involving a wide variety of texts, tasks,

processes and products suited to the various learning needs of diverse
Differentiated Teaching students

Broad conceptual sphere of teaching and learning practices defined by

Domain specific strands in the set of professional standards for teachers

Formative assessment Refers to a wide variety of methods that teachers use to conduct in-
process evaluations of student comprehension, learning needs, and
academic progress during a lesson, unit, or course. Formative
 Learner data obtained from diagnostic, formative and/or summative
Assessment Data assessment practices

assessments help teachers identify concepts that students are struggling

to understand, skills they are having difficulty acquiring, or learning
standards they have not yet achieved so that adjustments can be made to
lessons, instructional techniques, and academic support. (Please also
refer to DepED Order No. 8, s. 2015, p. 2 on its 3-paragraph definition.)

Complex thinking processes which include logical and critical analysis,

evaluation and synthesis thinking that enable individuals to reflect, solve
Higher Order Thinking Skills problems and create products/solutions

Concrete, observable and measurable teacher behaviors/practices

Indicators covered in every strand in the set of professional standards for teachers

People who have, under claims of ownership since time immemorial,

occupied, possessed and utilized ancestral territories, shared common
bonds of language, customs, traditions, and other unique cultural traits
Indigenous groups (RA 8371: IPRA)

Evidence of learning, progress or achievement in learner performance

reflected in various assessment results, portfolios, class records and
Learner Attainment Data report cards

Pertain to student's personal preferences, likes or dislikes, which must be

considered in the teachinglearning process. The first step to differentiate
Learner interests for interests is to find out what learners care about and like to do.

Refer to an observable gap between the learner's present knowledge or

competence and the curriculum standards identified as necessary for the
Learner needs grade level.

Refer to the learner's present knowledge or competence that helps

Learner strengths him/her in meeting the standards identified.

Refer to any interaction, course, program, or other involvement in which

learning takes place, whether it occurs in traditional academic settings
(schools, classrooms) or nontraditional settings (outside-of-school
locations, outdoor environments), or whether it includes traditional
educational interactions (students learning from teachers and professors)
or nontraditional interactions (students learning through games and
Learning experiences interactive software applications).

Learning Focused Instructional and assessment strategies that target meaningful learning

Reflect long-term objectives to learn new skills, master new tasks, or

understand new things. They refer to specific knowledge, skills, attitudes
and values stated as curriculum competencies that children must develop
Learning goals as a result of the teaching-learning process

Products and performance targets through which students demonstrate

Learning Outcomes the knowledge, skills and attitudes they have learned

Organized and sequenced set of strategies, activities and tasks that effect
Learning Programs learning
 Learner data obtained from diagnostic, formative and/or summative
Assessment Data assessment practices

Teaching/learning situations and all the circumstances in which learners

Learning/Teaching Contexts learn from instruction

Educational curriculum content that is informed by and responsive to the

"cultural and socioeconomic realities" (UNESCO, 2012; 31) of local
Local curriculum populations in order to engage students in the learning process

Mother tongue The native language or the first language the learner learns as a child

Subjects or topics taught in schools as prescribed by the Department of

National curriculum Education

Non-verbal communication Communication that does not involve the use of words, e.g., facial
strategies expressions, gestures, and tone of voice

A form of discipline that avoids the use of punishment such as spanking,

Non-violent discipline verbal abuse and humiliation (see Positive discipline)

Reading, writing, and mathematical skills needed to cope with everyday

Numeracy and literacy skills life

Teachers' views, understandings and conceptualization of teaching and

Philosophy of teaching learning

Physical space/physical Any area conducive to learning which usually includes a safe classroom
learning environment with appropriate devices for teaching and learning

Non-violent, respectful and diplomatic means of disciplining a learner or

managing learner behavior through dialogue and counseling instead of
Positive discipline punishment (see Non-violent discipline)

Responsible, ethical or appropriate use of ICT to achieve and reinforce

Positive use of ICT learning

Teachers working together with colleagues and other stakeholders to

Professional collaboration enrich the teaching-learning practice

Something most teachers and educators do every day, as they reflect on

their professional practice, work together and share ideas, and strive to
Professional learning improve learner outcomes.

Refers to the connected community of educators, which may also be an

online community like LinkedIn among others. This is a vibrant, ever-
changing group of connections to which teachers go to share and learn.
Professional network These groups reflect their values, passions, and areas of expertise.

Refers to the teacher's capacity to reflect in action (while teaching) and

on action (after teaching), which is an important feature of professional
Professional reflection development program for teachers.

Public document that defines teacher quality through well-defined

Professional standards for domains, strands, and indicators that provide measures of professional
teachers learning, competent practice, and effective engagement
 Learner data obtained from diagnostic, formative and/or summative
Assessment Data assessment practices

Knowledge and skills acquisition designed with a clear purpose, goal or

Purposive learning objective in mind

Information, knowledge or data acquired through systematic

Research-based knowledge investigation and logical study

School/learning/community
context See learning context

More specific dimensions of teacher practice under every domain in the

Strand set of professional standards for teachers

Used to evaluate student learning, skill acquisition, and academic

achievement at the conclusion of a defined instructional
period—typically at the end of a project, unit, quarter, semester,
program, or school year. (Please also refer to DepEd Order No. 8, s.
Summative assessment 2015, pp. 2-3 for additional description of summative assessment.)

Teaching aids and other materials that teachers use not only to enhance
Teaching and learning teaching and learning but also to assist learners to meet the expectations
resources for learning as defined by the curriculum.

Verbal communication
strategies Oral or spoken means of transmitting information and meaning

Virtual space The online environment like the social media where people can interact

Wider school community Refers to both internal and external stakeholders

Walk-through Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST) Powerpoint Presentation
by Margarita L. Galias – Download at TeacherPH Facebook Group
Related

National Adoption and Implementation of the Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers
August 16, 2017
In "DepEd Order"
Download the 2019 DepEd RPMS-PPST Materials
March 6, 2019
In "DepEd Resources"

Implementation of the NEAP Transformation

May 31, 2019
In "DepEd Order"