Full Water Book EN
Full Water Book EN
Full Water Book EN
Thermo Scientific
Waterbook
Smart H2O for you,
and your science
Pure water is elemental to the success of your
experiments. But finding the right water system for
your research goes deeper than water quality alone.
You need a smart choice that supports both your
science and your budget – not only on day 1, but with
every cartridge and filter change. One that reflects
130 years of innovations, like feed water monitoring,
hands-free dispensing and effortless cartridge
change-outs. With a Thermo Scientific™ Barnstead™
lab water system, the only thing you’ll have in your
water is confidence.
The following are trademarks of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. and its subsidiaries:
B-Pure, Bantam, Barnstead, E-Pure, GenPure, Harvey, H2O Select, LabTower, MagaPure,
MicroPure, Pacific, Pura-Lite, Smart2Pure, and Ventgard.
Contents
Lab Water 101
n Introduction 2
Thermo Scientific Barnstead Water Purification Technologies 6
Distillation, Filtration and Ultrafiltration, Reverse Osmosis
Deionization, Electrodeionization, Adsorption, Ultraviolet Oxidation
International Water Standards 14
Advanced Technologies Used to Monitor Purity 15
Conductivity and Resistivity
Build Your Own Water System 16
What Type of Water Do You Need?
Ultrapure (Type 1) Water
Pure (Type 2) Water
Reverse Osmosis (RO) Water
Cartridge and Filter Systems
Lab Case Studies
thermofisher.com/purewater 1
Lab Water Experts
For more than 130 years, Thermo Scientific lab water
systems have been a trusted resource for science and
industry. Our complete line of water purification technologies
includes solutions for your most critical and everyday
application needs, from electrodeionization to reverse
osmosis and distillation.
Barnstead lab water systems deliver:
Innovation
Our water purification portfolio features advanced ergonomics and
technology, including remote dispensing and UV intensity monitoring –
that offer users full control with confidence.
Flexibility
Laboratory environments often have limited bench space. Our portfolio
offers numerous mounting options, small footprints and flexible
dispensing options to provide you the luxury of designing a configuration
that best suits your lab.
Convenience
Our Thermo Scientific H20 Select analysis program and complete
all-in-one box ordering gives you the confidence to select the right
solution. Receive a complete water system using one part number
and have the components you need to easily maintain your new water
purification system.
2
Innovation Flexibility Convenience
that deliver accuracy system design with customized
With innovative water monitoring Mounting flexibility system selection
technology, Thermo Scientific water Installation options include under the Based on the results of a H2O Select
purification systems eliminate expense cabinet, on the wall, on the bench, analysis, we will recommend the best
and lost time which may occur with or free-standing units with wheels for water system for your application
contaminated lab water. added mobility. based on your feed water quality,
Advanced feed water monitoring Full system control at the laboratory applications, daily volume
Alerts the user to fluctuations in the Thermo Scientific xCAD requirements and budget. We do all
feed water quality. Poor feed water will remote dispenser the thinking for you.
reduce cartridge life. Eliminate the hassle of going How it works:
TOC measurements with UV back to the primary system to
1. Contact your local sales
intensity monitoring adjust parameters.
representative for a complimentary
Continuously monitoring and Adjustable storage tank H2O Select analysis kit.
recording TOC measurements in Growing the lab or planning for
2. Fill the sample bottle with your
real-time, this technology ensures changing needs? Type 2 and RO
anticipated feed water.
ultrapure water that meets or exceeds systems enable changing water level
even the most stringent requirements settings in the storage tank to adapt to 3. Answer the short questionnaire
for sensitive applications. A photo the lab’s needs. pertaining to your water require-
sensor continually checks the intensity ments, applications and budget.
Dual water quality
of the UV lamp. A drop in measured Need more than one type of water? 4. Place the completed application
UV radiation can result in an incorrect Many of the systems produce two and water sample bottle in the
TOC measurement. types of water from just one system. return box. Add postage and
EDI systems feature tank mail to the Thermo Scientific
recirculation to maintain high Barnstead Water Lab (return label
purity water even during long included in box).
periods of inactivity All-in-one-box ordering
Automatic recirculation of the water Have confidence in knowing that there
in the tank across a special polisher are no surprises with added post sale
actively protects against bacteria costs. Everything you need ships
growth even during long periods under one part number!
of inactivity. Easy self maintenance
The Aquastop quick connections
make changing your cartridges quick
and simple.
thermofisher.com/purewater 3
Lab
Water
101
thermofisher.com/purewater 5
Lab Thermo Scientific Barnstead
Water Water Purification Technologies
101
To make pure and ultrapure water, the impurities discussed on the previous page must be efficiently and
effectively removed. Barnstead water purification systems employ multiple technologies, some synergistically,
to remove impurities and give you consistently PURE water.
Water purification is a step-by-step process often requiring a combination of technologies, each of which varies in the
ability to remove specific contaminants.
The table below illustrates which impurities are removed by each technology.
Ultraviolet
Reverse Electro- Filtration Ultrafiltration Combination
Distillation Deioization Adsorption (UV)
Osmosis deionization (UF) UV/UF
Oxidation
Inorganic ions
Dissolved gasses
Organics
Particles
Bacteria
Pyrogens
Nucleases
Excellent
Good
Poor
6
Speaking the Language of Lab Water
Thermometer
Receiver Condenser
Distillate Water
Heat Source
Distillation
Distillation has the broadest removal capabilities of
any single form of water purification.
Water is boiled and undergoes phase changes during the
distillation process, changing from liquid to vapor and back
to liquid. It is the change from liquid to vapor that separates
the water (in various degrees) from many dissolved
impurities, such as ions, organic contaminants with low
boiling points <100 °C, bacteria, pyrogens and particulates.
Distillation cannot be used on its own to remove inorganic
ions, ionized gases, organics with boiling points higher than
100 °C, or dissolved non-ionized gases.
Benefits
• Offers the broadest removal capabilities of any single
form of water purification
• Requires no consumables
Limitations
• Requires periodic maintenance and manual cleaning of
system to maintain water purity
• Requires water for cooling
Barnstead Classic Stills
Systems that utilize this technology
• Barnstead Classic Stills and Mega-Pure Stills
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Lab Thermo Scientific Barnstead
Water Water Purification Technologies
101
Filtration Limitations
In water purification, ultrafiltration is used to remove • Effectively removes molecules (pyrogens, nucleases,
pyrogens (bacterial endotoxins) and nucleases, microorganisms, particulates) above their rated size
which is critical for tissue culture, cell culture and • Long life
media preparation. • Helps to remove pyrogens and nucleases
Ultrafilters use size exclusion to remove particles and Limitations
macromolecules. By design, ultrafilters operate similar to
• Will not remove dissolved inorganics, dissolved gases,
reverse osmosis membranes; particles are captured on
and organics
the surface of the membranes and are flushed from the
membrane via a reject stream. Ultrafilters are used at the end Systems that utilize this technology
of systems ensuring the near total removal of macromolecular • Barnstead GenPure, MicroPure, and Smart2Pure
impurities like pyrogens, nucleases and particulates. water purification systems
8
Speaking the Language of Lab Water
Reverse Osmosis
Reverse osmosis is the most economical method of
removing up to 99 % of feed water contaminants.
To understand reverse osmosis you must first understand
osmosis. During natural osmosis, water flows from a less
concentrated solution through a semipermeable membrane
to a more concentrated solution until concentration and
pressure on both sides of the membrane are equal. Pure
Water
In water purification systems, external pressure is Saline
Solution
applied to the more concentrated (feed water) side of the
membrane to reverse the natural osmotic flow. This forces
the feed water through the semipermeable membrane. Semipermeable Membrane To Drain
The impurities are deposited on the membrane surface
and sent to drain and the water that passes through the Process of reverse osmosis
membrane as product water is, for the most part, free
of impurities. Limitations
A reverse osmosis membrane has a thin microporous • Limited flow rates through the membrane require
surface that rejects impurities, but allows water to pass intermediate storage devices to meet user demand
through. The membrane rejects bacteria, pyrogens and
• Does not remove dissolved gases
90-95 % of inorganic solids. Polyvalent ions are rejected
easier than monovalent ions. Organic solids with a • Requires pretreatment to avoid damaging the membrane
molecular weight greater than 200 Daltons are rejected > Oxidation – Chlorine
by the membrane but dissolved gases are not as > Scaling – CaCO3
effectively removed. > Fouling – Organics and Colloids
> Piercing – Hard particles
Reverse osmosis is a percent rejection technology.
The purity of the product water depends on the purity of Systems that utilize this technology
the feed water. The product is typically 95-99 % higher in • Barnstead Smart2Pure,
purity than that of the feed water. LabTower EDI, Pacific TII,
Due to the restrictive nature of the membrane, the flow LabTower TII, Pacific RO,
rate is much slower than other purification technologies. LabTower RO water
This slow flow rate means that all RO systems require a purification systems
storage reservoir to provide a constant supply of RO water
ready when you need it.
Benefits
• To varying degrees, removes most types of
contaminants, bacteria, pyrogens and 90-95 % of
inorganic ions
• Requires minimal maintenance
Barnstead Pacific RO
and Barnstead Lab
Tower RO
water systems
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Lab Technologies
Water
101
Deionization Limitations
Deionization is also referred to as demineralization or • Finite capacity – once all ion binding sites are occupied,
ion exchange. ions are no longer retained and the cartridge must
be replaced
The process removes ions from feed water with the use
of synthetic resins. These resins are chemically altered to • Does not remove organics, particles, pyrogens
have an affinity for dissolved inorganic ions and are divided or bacteria
into two classifications: cation removal resins and anion Systems that utilize this technology
removal resins. • Barnstead GenPure, MicroPure, E-Pure, LabTower EDI,
Cations have a positive charge and include sodium (Na ), + Smart2Pure, Pacific TII, LabTower TII, and the Bantam
calcium (Ca+2) and magnesium (Mg+2). Anions have a water purification systems, Hose Nipple, and B-Pure
negative charge and include chloride (Cl-), sulfates cartridges
(SO4-2), and bicarbonates (HCO-3). The ions are removed
from the water through a series of chemical reactions.
These reactions take place as the water passes through NaCI
Mixed-bed
H+ deionization We use semi-conductor
H+ –OH-
OH-
Cation Anion
grade mixed bed deionization resin to achieve maximum
H+
Resin -
OHthe
Resin OH-
resistivity and low TOC. Mixing cation and anion resin
drives the
H+ deionization
H+ to completion,
OH- makingOH-it more
H+ HOH OH-
efficient and more effective at the removal of ions.
Benefits (H2O) Water Inlet Two Bed Mixed-bed Water Inlet
10
Speaking the Language of Lab Water
Process of electrodeionization
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Lab Thermo Scientific Barnstead
Water Water Purification Technologies
101
Adsorption
Adsorption uses high surface area activated carbon
to remove organics and chlorine from feed water.
It is used as a first or second step in most water
purification systems and may be used as a final step,
in combination with ion exchange resins, to achieve ultra
low Total Organic Carbon (TOC). Organics and chlorine
adhere to the surface of the activated carbon and remain
attached to the carbon.
Mixed-bed deionization and adsorption – We use Selection of high quality resins used in our cartridges
a combination semiconductor grade mixed-bed
deionization resins and synthetic carbon in a single
cartridge to achieve maximum resistivity and low
Total Organic Carbon (TOC). Chlorinated H2O Carbon H2O Free of Chlorine
and Some Organics
Benefits
CI2
• Removes dissolved organics and chlorine CI2
Limitations
(Chlorine and Organics)
12
Speaking the Language of Lab Water
thermofisher.com/purewater 13
Lab International Water Standards
Water
101
Here are some additional definitions of the parameters they use to indicate the water’s purity.
Resistivity – the tendency of Conductivity – the tendency of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) –
water without ions to resist water that contains ions to a measure of the organic
conducting electricity. conduct electricity. contaminants found in water.
The unit of measure is megohm- The unit of measure is microsiemens/ The unit of measure is parts per
centimeter (MΩ.cm), often shortened centimeter (µS/cm) or microhm/cm. million (ppm) or parts per billion (ppb).
to MΩ or “meg”. It is generally used The measurement is used to measure Feed water can be in the 2-5 ppm
for high purity water. The theoretical feed water or lower quality treated range and the best high purity water
maximum is 18.2 MΩ.cm at 25 °C. water. The more ions present in the should be in the 1-5 ppb range.
The higher the ionic content – the water, the higher the conductivity. This Measurement of TOC is done using
lower the resistivity and the lower the is measured by a conductivity meter. an in-line system.
ionic content – the higher the resistivity
(high resistivity is good!). In ultrapure
water systems this value is determined
using an in-line meter. Conductivity
and resistivity measurements are
inversely related to each other.
14
Speaking the Language of Lab Water
thermofisher.com/purewater 15
Lab Building Your Water System
Water
101
16
Speaking the Language of Lab Water
Type of Water
Cartridge
Ultrapure Pure
Application and interest areas RO and filter
Type 1 Type 2
systems
General Lab Purpose
Autoclave • • •
Humidification • • •
Glassware washing/rinsing • • •
General lab equipment (water baths, incubators, etc.) • • •
Feed water to Type 1 systems •
Media prep •
Buffer prep •
Chemical and biochemical reagent prep •
Analytical
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) •
Gas chromatography (GC) •
Ion chromatography (IC) •
Inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP) •
Mass spectroscopy (MS) •
Atomic absorption (AA) •
Total organic carbon (TOC) •
Life Sciences
Genomics (ex. PCR, mutagenesis) •
Proteomics (ex. crystallography, electrophoresis) •
Immunology (ex. monoclonal antibody production, blots) •
Pharmacology •
Cell and tissue culture •
Drug discovery •
Molecular biology •
Microbiology •
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Lab Building Your Water System
Water
101
Barnstead GenPure
water purification system
Barnstead Smart2Pure
water purification system
18
Speaking the Language of Lab Water
Barnstead GenPure xCAD Plus water purification system, shown with two additional remote dispensers
thermofisher.com/purewater 19
Lab Building Your Water System
Water
101
Tap
water
Type 2 water Reservoir
flows into water feeds
the reservoir the Barnstead
Type 2 GenPure Type 1
Water Water
Watson Lab
Applications in the Lab : Cell and Tissue Culture, PCR, Media Prep and HPLC
Water Type(s) Needed : Type 1 (low organics, pyrogens and nucleases) and Type 2 water
Solution : Barnstead Pacific TII, 30 L reservoir, and Barnstead GenPure xCAD Plus UV/UF
The Watson Lab is a traditional cell and molecular biology lab, so they needed a system that is capable of producing
Type 1 water free of nucleases, pyrogens and bacteria. Our Barnstead GenPure xCAD Plus UV/UF system is perfect
for their ultrapure water needs.
Our Barnstead Pacific TII, which will produce water for the general lab uses, will also serve as feed water for the
GenPure xCAD Plus UV/UF.
Tap
water
Barnstead LabTower
TII reservoir
water feeds the
Type 2 GenPure Pro Type 1
Water Water
Le Lab
Applications in the Lab : ICP/MS, GC/MS, HPLC, Chemical and Buffer Prep
Water Type(s) Needed : Type 1 (with low organics) and Type 2 water
Solution : Barnstead LabTower TII and the Barnstead GenPure Pro UV
The Le Lab performs analytical experiments on a daily basis. They would like to make their own buffers and reagents,
so we suggested a configuration that would give the lab both Type 1 and Type 2 water.
Our Barnstead LabTower TII converts tap water into Type 2 water, which is stored in the 100 L integrated reservoir.
Water can be drawn from the reservoir or from our Barnstead GenPure Pro UV (which has a 0.2 µm on it to ensure
bacteria-free water). The reservoir feeds our Barnstead GenPure Pro system, which will deliver ultrapure (Type 1) water.
20
Speaking the Language of Lab Water
Our water systems are designed to mix and match, as many laboratories have
Mix and Match for
the need for multiple types of water. Here are some examples of our systems
Greater Flexibility built for use in labs with diverse interest areas.
Distilled water
feeds the
MicroPure
Still water
Tap
flows into
water
the reservoir
Type 2 Type 1
Water Water
Bauer Lab
Applications in the Lab : General lab use, rinsing of glass and plastic ware, media prep, HPLC
Water Type(s) Needed : Type 1 and Type 2 (distilled)
Solution : Barnstead Mega-Pure Still with Automatic Collection System and a
Barnstead MicroPure UV
The Bauer Lab needed Type 1 water for their HPLC and analytical experiments (estimated to be less than 15 L a day)
and distilled water for general reagent preparation and glassware rinsing, thus our Barnstead MicroPure UV and a
Barnstead Mega-Pure Still with Automatic Collection System were recommended. A dual cartridge deionizer was also
suggested as pretreatment to the still as the lab’s tap water was especially hard.
Tap
water
Type 1
Water
Simpson Lab
Applications in the Lab : Protein purification and PCR
Water Type(s) Needed : Type 1
Solution : Barnstead Smart2Pure UV/UF
Biochemical techniques such as protein purification and PCR are important for the Simpson Lab, but they have
serious space constraints. Our Barnstead Smart2Pure UV/UF is the all-in-one solution for tap to Type 1 water.
It converts tap water to ultrapure water and has a small foot print. The UV/UF option will provide the lab with nuclease
free water, perfect for their sensitive applications.
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Type 1
Ultrapure water
purification systems
What sets Barnstead water purification
systems apart?
Our Barnstead water purification portfolio includes
a complete line of Type 1 systems to meet all your
ultrapure water needs. Why so many options?
For you to have a tailored system specifically for
your needs. No need to pay for technologies that
you won’t use!
22
Type 1
Innovation
Convenience
Quick-change cartridge design
simplifies self maintenance.
All required parts and accessories
ship under one part number.
Flexibility
Full system control at the
Barnstead GenPure xCAD Plus
remote dispenser.
thermofisher.com/purewater 23
Feed water
Type 1
Barnstead ultrapure water purification system selector guide
Allows for full control of the system at the GenPure xCAD Plus
GenPure xCAD Plus remote dispenser
remote dispenser
Features
Ideal when bench space is tight. System sits under the bench
Under-the-bench mounting
and out of sight.
24
Tap water feed required
Type 1
Pretreated water feed required
3 3 3 3 — 3 3
3 3 3 3 — — 3
3 3 3 3 — — 3
3 3 3 — — — —
3 3 3 3 — — —
3 3 3 — — — —
3 3 — — — — —
3 — — — — — —
3 — — — — — —
3 3 3 — — 3 3
200 L/day 200 L/day 200 L/day 15 L/day 100 L/day* 200 L/day 70 L/day
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Barnstead GenPure xCAD Plus water purification system
The Barnstead GenPure xCAD Plus system delivers ultrapure 18.2 MΩ.cm water with consistent quality for
the most demanding and sensitive applications. The xCAD remote dispenser provides flexibility and control.
26
Type 1
Full control
• RS-232 interface with adjustable send-interval for safe • USP-compliant conductivity measurement with
data transfer of all measured data, faults, date and time temperature compensation can be switched on
to a PC computer or log printer or off
Non-Stop:
System ready
for dispensing
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Barnstead GenPure xCAD Plus water purification system (continued)
Barnstead GenPure xCAD Plus remote dispenser – full system control in a compact design
• xCAD is short for “Extended Control and Dispenser.” The system provides more flexibility for ultrapure water
dispensing with an action radius of 32 inches (80 cm).
• Ergonomic dispensing arm provides precise volume dosing at the press of a button.
• Turned, height adjusted or extended towards your vessel, you’ll appreciate the flexibility of this dispenser.
• One-of-a-kind design provides access to all system controls at your fingertips.
• Specify bench-top or wall-mount xCAD Plus dispenser for the installation option of your choice. The small
footprint of the bench-top xCAD Plus allows for more bench space while the wall-mount version completely
frees up horizontal workspace.
• Adjustable controller makes handling more practical and provides a clear view of critical settings.
• In addition to flexible xCAD Plus installation options, GenPure systems can also be installed under the bench
or wall-mounted with included mounting brackets up to 2.5 m (8 ft) away from xCAD Plus dispenser.
28
xCAD Dimensions
Dimensions W x D x H in (mm)
Type 1
Benchtop xCAD 10.2 x 21 x 28.5 (260 x 530 x 725)
Wall mount xCAD 10.2 x 21 x 25.8 (260 x 530 x 655)
Product Specifications
Operating
Electrical Power Feed water Dimensions
Flow rate pressure
requirements consumption connector W x D x H in (mm)
min/max
29-87 psi 90-240 V, 14.6 x 13 x 24
up to 2 L/min 0.1 kW ¾” NPT
(2-6 bar) 50/60 Hz (372 x 330 x 615)
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Barnstead GenPure Pro water purification system
The Barnstead GenPure Pro system delivers ultrapure 18.2 MΩ.cm water with consistent quality. Suitable for
the most demanding laboratory applications, this ultrapure water system will deliver water from a small footprint.
The GenPure Pro system can be used on a laboratory bench or on a wall. The new flexible dispenser offers
maximum freedom while dispensing ultrapure water up to 24 inches (60 cm) away from the unit.
Flexible dispensing
precise purity monitoring
GLP-compliant documentation • USP-compliant conductivity measurement with
• Real-time clock and code-protected operating system temperature compensation can be switched on
prevents unauthorized changes to system settings or off
• RS-232 interface with adjustable send interval for safe Tilting Control Panels for Easy Viewing
data transfer of all measured data, faults, date and time • Ergonomically designed controller tilts for
to a PC computer or log printer ease-of-use and better visibility
• Digital microprocessor control automatically monitors • Illuminated four-line alpha-numeric display
and stores faults from the last four weeks
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Barnstead GenPure Pro water purification system (continued)
Convenient dispensing for a variety of applications possible with flexible dispenser radius
Type 1
Feed water conductivity, µS/cm <2
TOC, ppb max 50
Bacteria count, CFU/mL <100
Turbidity, NTU <1.0
Temperature, °C 2-35
Product Specifications
Operating
Electrical Power Feed water Dimensions
Flow rate pressure
requirements consumption connector W x D x H in (mm)
min/max
29-87 psi 90-240 V, 18.6 x 13 x 24.2
up to 2 L/min 0.1 kW 3/4” NPT
(2-6 bar) 50/60 Hz (472 x 330 x 615)
Presure Regulator
Recommended where incoming feed 50155462 50155462 50155462 50155462
pressure is above the specified range
Printer
Utilizes RS-232 interface for safe
documentation of all measured values STARA-106 STARA-106 STARA-106 STARA-106
and faults with date and time in compliance
with GLP guidelines
Replacement Consumables
Ultrapure polisher cartridge 09.2005 09.2005 09.2005 09.2005
Sterile filter, 0.2 µm 09.1003 09.1003 09.1003 09.1003
Ultrafilter n/a 50133980 n/a 50133980
UV lamp 09.2002 09.2002 09.2002 09.2002
Cleaning solution CMX25 CMX25 CMX25 CMX25
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Barnstead GenPure water purification system
The Barnstead GenPure system delivers ultrapure 18.2 MΩ.cm water with consistent quality for the most
demanding and sensitive applications.
Analytical Chemistry
• HPLC
• GC, GC-MS, ICP-MS, AA
• TOC Measurements, IC
34
Type 1
Basic configuration with
thermofisher.com/purewater 35
Barnstead GenPure water purification system (continued)
36
Feed Water Requirements*
Source Potable tap water, pretreated by reverse osmosis, ion exchange or distillation
Type 1
Feed water conductivity, µS/cm <2
TOC, ppb max 50
Bacteria count, CFU/mL <100
Turbidity, NTU <1.0
Product Specifications
Operating
Electrical Power Feed water Dimensions
Flow rate pressure
requirements consumption connector W x D x H in (mm)
min/max
29-87 psi 90-240 V, 14.6 x 13 x 24.2
up to 2 L/min 0.1 kW ¾” NPT
(2-6 bar) 50/60 Hz (372 x 330 x 615)
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Barnstead MicroPure water purification system
The Barnstead MicroPure system was designed for laboratories that require up to 15 L/day of ultrapure water
such as HPLC or other instrumental analyses, sample preparation, glassware rinsing, or molecular biology work
in which endotoxins and/or nucleases would interfere.
38
Type 1
Ultrapure Water Purification Systems
Quick Look Comparison
MicroPure UV system MicroPure UV/UF system
High-sensitivity instrumental analytical Microbiology, molecular biology,
Applications methods, such as HPLC, ICP-MS, PCR, DNA, monoclonal antibodies,
TOC-analyses cell culture media
Resistance at 25 °C, MΩ.cm 18.2 18.2
Conductivity, µS/cm 0.055 0.055
TOC, ppb 1-5 1-5
RNase, ng/ml n/a <0.003
DNase, pg/µl n/a <0.4
Bacteria, CFU/mL <0.01 <0.01
Particles, 0.22 µm/mL <1 <1
Endotoxines, EU/mL n/a <0.001
Flow rate, L/min 1.5 1
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Barnstead MicroPure water purification system (continued)
Dispense water which allows for drop One, two, three... The Barnstead MicroPure-ST series
by drop or quick dispensing Rapid cartridge change with includes a 6 L feed water reservoir for
Aquastop quick-connect design pretreated water storage
40
Feed Water Requirements*
Source Potable tap water pretreated by reverse osmosis, ion exchange or distillation
Type 1
Feed water conductivity, µS/cm <5
TOC, ppb max 50
Turbidity, NTU <1.0
Temperature, °C 2-35
Pressure, psi (bar) 1.4-87 (0.1-6)
Product Specifications
Dimensions
Inlet Dimensions
Electrical Power Feed water MicroPure
Flow rate pressure MicroPure-ST
requirements consumption connector (no reservoir)
min/max W x D x H in (mm)
W x D x H in (mm)
up to 29-87 psi 90-240 V, 12 x 11.8 x 21.5 12 x 15.7 x 21.5
0.06 kW 3/4” NPT
1.5 L/min (2-6 bars) 50/60 Hz (305 x 300 x 545) (305 x 400 x 545)
thermofisher.com/purewater 41
Barnstead E-Pure water purification system
The Barnstead E-Pure water purification system economically produces Type 1 water with low operating costs.
Large cartridges provide longer cartridge life and an impressive system flow rate.
Applications Include:
Analytical Chemistry
• HPLC
• GC, GC-MS, ICP-MS, AA
Microbiology
• Buffer preparation
• Electrophoresis
42
Type 1
Simple to use
easy to maintain
Product Specifications
Feed water Inlet water
Overall dimensions W x H x D
connector temperature
E-Pure 3-holder 29 x 28 x 7.5 in (73.7 x 71.1 x 19.1 mm) 1/4 in NPTF 40-120 °F / 4-49 °C
E-Pure 4-holder 35 x 28 x 7.5 in (88.9 x 71.1 x 19.1 mm) 1/4 in NPTF 40-120 °F / 4-49 °C
Electrical
System Options Max Flow Rates 3-Holder 4-Holder
requirements
E-Pure systems 120 V 2 L/min D4631 D4641
Ships with wall bracket and
cartridge o-rings 240 V 2 L/min D4632-33 D4642-33
Required Accessories
D5028
D0835 Pretreatment (1)
Tap feed
D0803 High Capacity (1)
D5027 Ultrapure (2)
D5023
D0836 Macropure (1)
Tap feed,
D0803 High Capacity (1)
Cartridge kits Organic free
D5027 Ultrapure (1)
Choose the cartridge pack according to your D5021 Organic Free (1)
feed water and need for organic free water (Kits
include large canister o-rings) D50227
D5029
D0835 Pretreatment (1)
Pretreated feed D0835 Pretreatment (1)
D0809 Ultrapure (1)
D5027 Ultrapure (2)
D5027 Ultrapure (2)
D50228
D5022
D0836 Macropure (1)
Pretreated feed, D0836 Macropure (1)
D0809 Ultrapure (1)
Organic free D5027 Ultrapure (1)
D5027 Ultrapure (1)
D5021 Organic Free (1)
D5021 Organic Free (1)
0.2 µm final filter D3750 D3750
Optional Accessories
Remote dispenser
Recirculates water through to tip of dispenser and includes a 0.2 µm
D8952 D8952
final filter. Delivers water up to 8 ft (2.4 m) from the system. Ships with
a mounting bracket.
Low pressure pump protector
Alerts the E-Pure of an inadequate feed water condition in a D2706 D2706
pressurized feed line
Replacement Consumables
Cleaning cartridges
D50223 D50223
Set of three.
thermofisher.com/purewater 43
Barnstead LabTower EDI water purification system
The Barnstead LabTower EDI is an integrated system combining purification with EDI technology and storage in
one, as well as producing both Type 1 and Type 2 water. Stock high purity water safely and conveniently!
Ultrapure water which exceeds ASTM Type I standards, Two systems in one
with a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ.cm and TOC 1-5 ppb with • Unique systems with pretreatment plus polisher to
standard UV lamp. High purity water ASTM Type II water, produce both Type 1 and Type 2 water
with resistivity of 10 - 1 MΩ.cm, is ideal for daily needs of
• Type 2 water is stored in the integrated 100 L high purity
100 to 200 L.
water reservoir
• Water system sits on top of the reservoir saving critical
bench space
Ready-to-use
• RO membranes, filters and cartridges, sterile filter,
all in one package
Two ways to draw water
• Dispense ultrapure water directly from the system via the
dispenser with sterile filter. The water quality is measured
immediately prior to the dispensing point.
• Type 2 water is accessible from the reservoir, which is an
ideal supply for lab equipment such as autoclaves
Performance for your application feeds
• High performance reverse osmosis module is paired with
an EDI module and polisher cartridge
• Two systems to choose from with capacities of
15 and 30 L per hour
44
Dual quality system
Type 1 & 2
with EDI technology
Compact, stylish, mobile
• Free-standing unit takes up no bench space
• Easily relocated with bottom-mounted rollers
thermofisher.com/purewater 45
Barnstead LabTower EDI water purification system (continued)
• No exchange of spent resins or cartridges saves cost The H+ and Na+ cations can migrate through the cation
permeable membranes, anions through the anion
• High-purity water when you need it with no wait time
permeable membranes.
The ions migrate in the direction of the applied voltage, i.e.
anions to the positive pole (anode), cations to the negative
pole (cathode). The water ions that migrate through an ion
exchange chamber displace salt ions retained by the ion
exchange resins and so continually regenerate the resins.
Optional hand dispenser The salt ions migrate through the appropriate ion selective
membranes into the concentrate chambers and are flushed
out by water. As all concentration chambers are flushed,
excess H+ and OH – ions can again combine to form H20.
46
Feed Water Requirements*
Source Potable tap water softened or hardness stabilized
Type 1 & 2
Conductivity, µS/cm <1000
Colloid index <3
pH-range 4-11
Temperature, °C 2-35
Pressure, psi (bar) 29-87 (2-6)
* Please see user manual for complete list of feed water requirements.
Product Specifications
thermofisher.com/purewater 47
Barnstead Smart2Pure water purification system
All in one! The Barnstead Smart2Pure system is a compact system which converts tap water to into
ASTM Type I. The Smart2Pure 3 and 6 feature a built-in 6 L reservoir. The Smart2Pure 12 offers the choice of a 30
or 60 L reservoir for customizable storage capacity and ability to dispense both ASTM Type I and Type II water.
Powerful performance
• Based on your requirements, choose from capacities of
3, 6 or 12 L/hr
Lasting economy
• Water purification progresses through independent
cartridges with Aquastop quick-connect for fast replacement
Module 1 – Combination of pretreatment and the reverse
osmosis membrane
Module 2 – Polishing cartridge contains high-quality ultrapure
resin for consistent purity and long cartridge life
Easy-to-operate
• Dispensing is easy and features variable speed to control flow
• The display can be tilted for optimal reading
• Optional UV bulb and ultrafilter to customize ultrapure
water quality
Placement options
• Position on laboratory bench
• Mount it on the wall
Barnstead Smart2Pure 3 and 6 features smart, integrated
Applications Include: 6 L reservoir
Modular Biology and • Constructed with pigment-free materials
Microbiology
• Conical bottom outlet allows for complete draining and
• Cell and tissue culture
efficient cleaning and disinfection
• PCR, DNA sequencing
• Electrophoresis Barnstead Smart2Pure 12 offers reservoir options, either
30 or 60 L
Analytical Chemistry • Large opening for easy and effective cleaning by hand
• HPLC • Sterile venting filter/reservoir overflow protects against
• GC,GC-MS, ICP-MS, AA contamination by microorganisms
• TOC Measurements, IC
• CO2 adsorber prevents TOC value increases from
drawn-in CO2
Routine Laboratory Work
• Preparing and diluting buffers • Polyethylene reservoir is opaque to light
and reagents • Recirculation pump protects the high purity water from
• Rinsing lab glassware bacterial growth during standstills and maintains the low
• Supplying autoclaves and other conductivity value
small lab equipment • Wall-mount optional for simple space-savings
• Conical bottom outlet allows for complete draining and
efficient cleaning and disinfection
48
Type 1 & 2
Compact dual
quality system
Space-Saving Design
Simply stand the BarnsteadSmart2Pure system on the
benchtop or mount it directly to the wall, as shown by the
Thermo Scientific MicroPure, for more bench space
thermofisher.com/purewater 49
Barnstead Smart2Pure water purification system (continued)
Flexible Storage
Store high purity water safely and
conveniently in either a 30 or 60 L
reservoir (only for Smart2Pure 12)
50
Product Specifications - Smart2Pure 3, 6, 12 L/hr
Operating
Electrical Power Feed water Dimensions
Type 1 & 2
Flow rate pressure
requirements consumption connector W x D x H in (mm)
min/max
29-87 psi 90-240 V, 12 x 15.7 x 21.5
up to 1 L/min 0.06 kW 3/4” NPT
2-6 bar 50/60 Hz (305 x 400 x 545)
Smart2Pure 12 Smart2Pure 12
System Options for Smart2Pure 12
UV UV/UF
Smart2Pure System 12 L/hr*
Systems include an RO/pretreatment cartridge, an ultrapure polisher 50129890 50129845
cartridge, sterile 0.2 µm filter, UV lamp and/or UF filter where applicable
Required Accessories
Smart2Pure Reservoir Choose a reservoir that fits your needs See "Storage Reservoir Options"
Double cartridge pretreatment system
A 5 μm filter with activated carbon cartridge and a hardness stabilizer
09.4000 09.4000
cartridge ship complete with two 10 inch filter housings to control chlorine,
organic impurities and hardness.
Optional Accessories
Wall mounting bracket for the system 09.2212 09.2212
Qualification documents (IQOQ) IOQDOCE50133912 IOQDOCE50133912
Pressure Regulator
50155462 50155462
Recommended where incoming feed pressure is above the specified range
Hand Dispenser Kit
Hand dispenser with 3 meter cord that connects to tank. 50138221 50138221
Ships with a 0.2 micron final filter.
thermofisher.com/purewater 51
Barnstead Smart2Pure Pro Water Purification System
The Barnstead Smart2Pure Pro is a compact system that converts water into ASTM Type 1 and Type 2 water at a
rate of 16 lph in reverse osmosis, with built-in warning and shut-off features to prevent lab accidents.
Powerful performance
• Suitable for even the most demanding and sensitive
applications, the Thermo ScientificTM BarnsteadTM
Smart2PureTM Pro Water Purification System exceeds current
international standards ASTM D11931 Type 1, ISO 3696 Grade
1, and CLSI-CLRW, delivering ultrapure 18.2 MΩ.cm water with
consistent quality
• Offers production rate of up to 16 lph in RO.
Simplified user interface
• Easy system operation
• Enhanced system monitoring through integrated sensors and
timers for:
–– RO product purity
–– Leak detection and automated shut-off to prevent
accidents
–– Consumable monitoring dispensing is easy and features
variable speed to control flow
• The display can be tilted for optimal reading
• Includes UV bulb and ultrafilter to deliver ultrapure water quality
Lasting economy
Applications Include: • Independent cartridges to maximize life
52
Type 1
Compact dual quality system
thermofisher.com/purewater 53
Barnstead Smart2Pure Pro water purification system (continued)
54
Product Specifications - Smart2Pure Pro
Electrical Feed water Dimensions
Type 1
Flow rate Power consumption
requirements connector W x D x H in (mm)
90-240 V, 12 x 15.7 x 21.5
up to 1 L/min 0.06 kW 3/4” NPT
50/60 Hz (305 x 400 x 545)
thermofisher.com/purewater 55
Type 2
Pure water
purification systems
Pure water for a wide range
of applications
Type 2 pure water is an essential part of creating
consistently pure chemical reagents, microbiological
buffers and media.
Type 2 water is also recommended as a
pretreatment for Type 1 ultrapure systems.
56
Type 2
Innovation
Convenience
Aquastop connections allow users
to quickly change the cartridge and
minimize downtime
Flexibility
Gain more space with numerous
installation options – on the bench,
wall or standalone
thermofisher.com/purewater 57
Type 2 Select the
system
Barnstead pure water purification system selector guide
Optimal amount of water to use daily to Take into account any new techniques you will introduce in
Capacity
sustain reasonable cartridge life the coming years or new volume demands you may have
Features
58
Type 2
Pure Water Purification Systems
Reverse osmosis
and deionization Distillation
Multiple capacities
Flexible dispensing All glass design Tin-lined
available
— Standard — —
thermofisher.com/purewater 59
Barnstead Pacific TII water purification system
The Barnstead Pacific TII water purification system converts tap water into high purity water. The ultimate system
for the automatic and economical production of Type 2 water, the Barnstead Pacific TII system supports daily
requirements from 20 to 200 liters.
thermofisher.com/purewater 61
Barnstead Pacific TII water purification system (continued)
The Barnstead Pacific TII system converts tap water to 10-1 MΩ.cm high purity water.
Storage Reservoir
Volume Material Dimensions
30 L 23.5 x 14.9 in (598 x 380 mm)
Polyethylene, ultrapure water resistant,
60 L 35.9 x 14.9 in (912 x 380 mm)
opaque to light
100 L 49.2 x 14.9 in (1249 x 380 mm)
62
System Options UV option Pacific TII 7 Pacific TII 12 Pacific TII 20
Pacific TII Systems System
Type 2
50132131 50132132 50131982
All systems have a built-in wall with UV
bracket and include an RO embrane,
a high purity water cartridge and UV System
lamp where applicable 50132123 50132124 50132125
without UV
Required Accessories
thermofisher.com/purewater 63
Barnstead LabTower TII water purification system
The Barnstead LabTower TII converts tap water into high-purity water and provides water
storage for a complete
Type 2 water solution.
64
Type 2
Pure Water Purification Systems
Pure water system
with integrated 100 L tank
Quick Look Comparison
LabTower LabTower
TII TII + UV
system system
Pure water production at 15 °C, L/hr 40 40 Barnstead LabTower TII with
Resistivity at 25 °C, MΩ.cm 10-1 10-1 optional hand dispenser
Conductivity, µS/cm 0.1-1 0.1-1
Bacteria content, CFU/mL,
<0.01 <0.01
with sterile filter
TOC, ppb <50 <50
Particle content µm per mL
<1 <1
with sterile filter
Pretreatment
• 5 μm prefilter and activated carbon in the combi-filter
cartridge protects the RO membrane from chlorine
and particles
• Hardness stabilizing cartridge protects the reverse
osmosis stage from hard water
Reverse osmosis and reservoir
• Pretreated water is pressure-forced through the
permeable reverse osmosis module removing 97-99 %
of all inorganic ions, 99 % of dissolved organic
substances as well as microorganisms and particles
• The built-in 100 L reservoir has a conical bottom outlet to
optimize cleaning and sanitization
Ion exchange and UV
• RO membrane removes up to 99 % of impurities. All
remaining ions are removed by the low TOC, high-purity
resins in the ion exchange cartridge.
• Irradiation with UV light (TII units with UV option only)
eliminates any bacteria or germs that are present
www.thermofisher.com/purewater 65
Barnstead LabTower TII water purification system
66
Specifications and Ordering Information
Feed Water Specifications*
Type 2
Source Potable tap water softened or hardness stabilized
Blocking index (SDI) <3, with higher values, an upstream pretreatment (model no. 09.4000) is to be installed
Conductivity, µS/cm <1500
Free chlorine, mg/L <0.1
LabTower TII
Operating Electrical Power Feed water Dimensions Ambient
pressure requirements consumption connector W x D x H in (mm) temperature
29-87 psi 90-240 V, 17.7 x 22.8 x 59
0.12 kW 3/4” NPT 2-35 °C
(2-6 bar) 50/60 Hz (450 x 580 x 1500)
thermofisher.com/purewater 67
Barnstead Mega-Pure Glass Stills
Barnstead Mega-Pure Glass Stills effectively remove inorganic solids, organics with boiling points higher
than water, bacteria, and pyrogens. The stills are constructed of non-leaching components to ensure high
purity water.
Product Features
• Contact with only glass, quartz and Teflon®
components ensures ultimate purity and eliminates
cross-contamination
• Choice of three production capacities
• Units are easily wall- or bench-mounted
• Vertical condenser design provides maximum purity
• High temperature cut-off shuts down the still if the
temperature is too high, preventing heating
element burnout
• Quick release cover provides easy cleaning access
• Connection to Automatic Collection System (ACS)
assures a 24-hour automatic system
• Includes feed water solenoid valve for
automatic operation
MP-1
• Compact, easy-to-use 1 L/hr glass still available with
or without a storage bottle
MP-3A and MP-6A
• Ideal for larger volume demands with storage
and options
68
Type 2
Glass stills ideal for
13 L Bottle (413934)
thermofisher.com/purewater 69
Barnstead Mega-Pure Glass Stills (continued)
70
Storage Options Model Number
Plastic bottle, 6 L capacity
413964
Type 2
Storage bottles For use with MP-1 and MP-3A stills
For manual operation Glass bottle, 13 L capacity
413934
For use with any Mega-Pure Glass Still
Automatic collection system Automatic collection system (ACS) unit B440704
(ACS)
For use with any Mega-Pure Flexible tubing adapter kit
www.thermofisher.com/purewater 71
Barnstead Classic Stills
Barnstead Classic Stills effectively remove inorganic solids, organics, bacteria, and pyrogens. The stills are
constructed of copper and bronze with a coating of pure tin. The inert nature of tin prevents any leaching of
contaminants into the water.
Product Features • Units are easily floor and bench mountable, depending
on model
• Double-walled boiler and preheating of feed water
conserves electricity • Inert pure tin pathways assure product water quality
• Vented condenser allows for stripping of • Controller unit can be wall mounted
gaseous impurities Portable Stills
• Unique de-concentrator removes scale forming • Requires no permanent plumbing or electrical
impurities from the boiler connections, allowing quick set-up
• Unique Thermo Scientific Q-Baffle ensures high quality • Includes low water cut-off for safety protection
pyrogen free water by stripping contaminant laden water • Bench-mounted
droplets from steam
Floor Model Electric Stills
• Space-saving horizontal condenser
• Come standard with floor mounting stand
• Metal construction withstands years of use
• New over temperature protection system improves safety
• New plug-and-play hardware allows for easier installation
• Capacities from 2 to 5 gal/hr
• Low water cut-off protects heating elements when water
supply is interrupted
• Optional fully automatic controls allow for
unattended operation
–– Stops still when storage reservoir is full, starts still
when water level falls below preset level
–– Drains still boiler at selected 4-hour intervals to reduce
scale formation
Steam Still
• Utilize available in-house steam as heat source
• Optional automatic controls allow for
unattended operation
–– Stops still when storage reservoir is full, starts still
when water level falls below preset level
–– Drains still boiler at selected 4-hour intervals to reduce
Routine Laboratory Work scale formation
• Rinsing lab glassware
• Supplying autoclaves and Quick Look Comparison
ultrapure water systems Portable Floor Model
Electric Stills Electric Stills
• Preparing and diluting buffers,
Product water
reagents, and media 1/2 2 5
capacity, gal/hr
Mounting Bench Floor
72
Type 2
Tin lined
thermofisher.com/purewater 73
Barnstead Classic Still Storage Reservoirs and Accessories
Select a Barnstead Classic Still Storage Reservoir and mounting option that will best fit your needs. The Thermo
Scientific Barnstead Ventgard Air Filter, Water Seal and UV Light Assembly are accessories that will protect your
pure water during storage.
Storage reservoirs
• Available in 25 G gallon reservoir
• Crafted from copper and hand-wiped with pure tin to
ensure the purity of the distilled water
• All reservoirs include a removable cover, water level
sight glass and a tin coated draw-off faucet with serrated
hose nipple
• Connections provide for optional accessories including
pumps and fully automated controls
• Requires a floor stand or wall bracket for
proper installation
Required Accessories
Floor stand and wall bracket
Choose either a floor stand or wall bracket for proper
installation of reservoir
Floor stands
• 25 reservoir stand is fabricated from heavy gauge sheet
metal and has adjustable feet
Wall brackets
• 25 gallon reservoir brackets are fabricated of thick
steel angle-iron
Ventgard air filter and water seal
• Protects the stored water against airborne particulates,
organics and CO2
• Water seal works as a one-way valve to allow distilled
water into reservoir
• Prevents air from entering the reservoir via the condenser
atmospheric vent
UV light assembly
• Maintains sterility in the reservoir
• UV lamp is enclosed by a tubular, transparent,
inert sheath
• When lamp changes are necessary, only the lamp needs
Storage Reservoir Storage Reservoir
to be removed. The reservoir cover and sheath remain in
Floor Stand Wall Bracket place eliminating any exposure of water to contamination
from the air.
74
Type 2
Pure Water Purification Systems
Specifications and Ordering Information
System Options
Distribution outlet Drain outlet Overall dimensions in (cm)
Reservoir options Model number
(NPT) (NPT) W H D
25 gal* 1/2 in n/a 18 (46) 29 (74) 25 (64) B3045
Required Accessories
Mounting options For the 25 gal
Choose the Floor stands 19 (48) 27 (69) 19 (48) H1001
reservoir
mounting option
that best suits Wall brackets For the 25 gal reservoir H3242
your needs.
Ventgard air filter and water seal H3111
Optional Accessory
UV light assembly
H4005
Maintains water sterility in reservoir. Includes housing, on/off switch, 6 ft. cord, lamp and ballast
Replacement Consumables
Replacement UV lamp 04141
Ventgard air filter
H3120
Protects stored water against airborne particulates, organics and CO2
Replacement water seal
H3130
Prevents air from entering storage reservoirsvia condenser atmospheric vent
Ventgard filter element
25001-DB
The consumable portion of the Ventgard filter assembly
*
thermofisher.com/purewater 75
Distillation 101
Distillation effectively removes most inorganic solids, all organics with a boiling point greater than water (100 °C ),
all bacteria and pyrogens. Gases and low molecular weight organics are not effectively removed by distillation.
76
Type 2 Pure Water Purification Systems
77
thermofisher.com/purewater
3
2
4
5
6
Reverse osmosis
water purification system
Water purified using reverse osmosis is useful in
supplying water to lab equipment such as water
baths, dishwashers and autoclaves.
78
RO Systems
Innovation
Thermo Scientific Barnstead
LabTower RO system allows the
Convenience
Dispense easily from the tank
Flexibility
Endless mounting choices – on the
bench, on the wall, or free-standing
www.thermofisher.com/purewater 79
Reverse
osmosis
Reverse osmosis is economical are flushed away to the drain. The result is purified product
Reverse osmosis is the most economical method to water free of up to 99 % of its impurities. The specific
remove up to 99 % of impurities in feed water. The RO rejection rates of all the impurities are shown in each of the
membrane is semi-permeable with a thin microporous product specifications.
surface that rejects virtually all dissolved materials including Feed water factors
inorganic solids, organics, particles and microorganisms. Certain characteristics of your feed water directly relate
Reverse osmosis water is versatile not only to membrane performance and lifetime but also
RO water can be used to prepare microbiological buffers directly impact the quality of your product water.
and chemical reagents. Additionally, it is a great option for Take advantage of our Thermo Scientific H2O Select
use in general laboratory equipment, such as water baths, Analysis Kit, our free comprehensive testing program
humidifiers, and autoclaves. which will analyze your feed water to ensure optimum
Reverse osmosis is effective RO performance.
80
RO Systems
Pure Water Purification Systems
Our technical service experts are a great
resource for any feed water questions you
might have.
thermofisher.com/purewater 81
Barnsteadreverse osmosis purification system selector guide
Choosing the right system will give you the most value.
Optimal amount of water to use daily
Capacity Take into account any new applications you will introduce in
to sustain reasonable cartridge life
the coming years or new volume demands you may have.
82
RO Systems
Pure Water Purification Systems
Pacific RO LabTower RO
Standard Standard
— Standard
— Standard
thermofisher.com/purewater 83
Barnstead LabTower RO water purification system
The Barnstead LabTower RO Converts Tap Water into RO Water and stores it in an integrated 100 L reservoir.
• Completely drainable integrated 100 L high-purity water • An activated carbon/5 μm combi-cartridge protects the
reservoir has a low-noise pressure booster as a system against free chlorine and particles, ensures the
standard component long service life of downstream purification stages
84
RO Systems
RO water delivered from
LabTower
System Options
RO 40
LabTower RO Systems*
50132391
All systems include an RO membrane(s),integrated 100 L reservoir, and pressure regulator
Required Accessories
5 µm filter with activated carbon and a
Pretreatment cartridges 50134022
10 inch filter housing
Both are required for complete pretreatment solution
1 µm filter with a 10 inch filter housing 09.4003
Sterile vent filter for reservoir 50135142
Sterile overflow for reservoir 50132714
Optional Accessories
Printer Utilizes 120 V, 50/60 Hz STARA-106
RS-232 interface for safe documentation of all
measured values and faults with date and time in
compliance with GLP guidelines 230 V, 50 Hz 09.2207
Water watcher
16.0129
Alerts the user to leaks. Available as 240 V only.
Hand Dispenser Kit
50138221
Hand dispenser with 3 meter cord that connects to tank. Ships with a 0.2 micron final filter.
Replacement Consumables
Reverse Osmosis membrane 22.0087
LabTower TII 40 requires two membranes (must order 2)
10" 5 µm filter with hardness stabilizer cartridge 06.5204
1 μm filter prefilter for 09.4003 06.5101
5 µm prefilter + activated carbon 10 inch cartridge 06.5201
*
thermofisher.com/purewater 85
Barnstead Pacific RO water purification systems
The Barnstead Pacific RO system is a modularly designed laboratory reverse osmosis system specifically
developed for functional and economical production of high-purity water.
86
RO Systems
Flexible configurations
thermofisher.com/purewater 87
Barnstead Pacific RO water purification systems (continued)
Storage Reservoir
Volume Material Dimensions
30 L 23.5 x 14.9 in (598 x 380 mm)
60 L Polyethylene, opaque to light 35.9 x 14.9 in (912 x 380 mm)
100 L 49.2 x 14.9 in (1249 x 380 mm)
88
RO Systems
Storage Reservoir Options for Pacific RO 30 L 60 L 100 L
Reservoir with level display 50155495 50155500 50155503
Required Accessories
thermofisher.com/purewater 89
Pretreatment
Not all feed water sources are equal!
Pretreatment is sometimes necessary to maximize
the effectiveness of water purification systems.
Poor water quality can also shorten the life of water
system consumables.
90
Mixed Multi Water Softener
• Ideal system to treat hard feed water
• Not only softens the water, but also protects the RO
membrane from blockage
• Removes calcium, magnesium, iron, and manganese and
a great variety of suspended matter and organic material
• Combination of multiple stages, from porous polymeric
adsorbers to ion exchangers
Mixed Multi
Pretreatment
• Necessary for feed water with a silt density index (SDI) Water Softener
that is greater than 3 or the total ionized solids (TIS) is
greater than 250 ppm
thermofisher.com/purewater 91
Thermo Scientific Barnstead
pretreatment selector guide
Use pretreatment when your feed water quality doesn’t match the requirements for your system.
Model
Water Type Solutions Voltage Descriptions
Number
DI 1500 cartridge
Required only when feed water does not meet feed water
RO Water requirements. Prolongs system cartridge life. For new stainless steel cartridge > 02.1500
installations, 04.1690 is a required hose kit to adapt
cartridge to system.
Deionized
Deionized and distilled water will meet the feed water requirements for the Thermo Scientific GenPure and MicroPure
Distilled
families. No pretreatment is typcially required.
Water
Pacific TII and reservoir or LabTower TII see pages
Utilize a Type 2 system to pretreat the GenPure and MicroPure families. 56-63
Pretreatment Filter, 1 µm filter 10 inch 1 µm filter with housing > 09.4003
Tap Water Mix Multi Mini Water softener
The softener is required for most customers who have unsoftened
Mixed multi softener > 50130297
tap water, or a TIS of more than 10 ppm. Additionally, you will need to
5 µm filter with activated carbon > 06.5201
replace the hardness stabilizer cartridge that ships with the unit with a
5 µm filter with activated carbon 230 V, 50 Hz.
LabTower LabTower LabTower
Pretreatment
GenPure MicroPure Smart2Pure Pacific TII Pacific RO
EDI* TII* RO*
3 3
3 3
3
3 3
3 3
3 3
3 3
3 3
3 3
3 3
thermofisher.com/purewater 93
94
Pretreatment selector guide (continued)
Replacement Consumables
Pretreatment Component
Pretreatment Description Model Component Description(s) Model
Number(s) Numbers
10 in (25.4 cm) Activated carbon cartridge with
Single Pretreatment Carbon 50134022 06.5201
5 μm filter
Single Pretreatment System -
09.4001 10 in (25.4 cm) 5 µm filter and hardness stabilizer 06.5204
Hardness Stabilizer
Single Pretreatment System -
09.4003 10 in (25.4 cm) 1 µm filter 06.5101
Pretreatment
Prefilter
10 in (25.4 cm) Activated carbon cartridge with 5 µm filter 06.5201
Double Pretreament System 09.4000
10 in (25.4 cm) Hardness stabilizing cartridge 06.5452
10 in (25.4 cm) 5 µm filter with activated carbon cartridge 06.5201
09.4000
Triple Pretreatment System 10 in (25.4 cm) Hardness stabilizing cartridge 06.5452
09.4003
10 in (25.4 cm) 1 µm filter 06.5101
Salt, 25 kg 50155490
Mix Multi Mini, 230 V, 50 Hz 50130297 Hardness measurement kit 06.1000
5 µm filter with carbon 06.5201
thermofisher.com/purewater 95
Cartridges and
filter systems
We offer a complete line of cartridge and
filter systems for all your single step
purification and pretreatment needs. Use the
Bantam Deionizer, Hose Nipple Cartridges
or B-Pure cartridges for simple, single step
purifications.
96
Cartridges
Innovation
Joints and seams are ultrasonically
welded to prevent contamination
Filters Systems
from chemical adhesives
Convenience
Quick-release designs provide easy
cartridge change-outs and simplify
maintenance, bypassing the costs
of service calls
Flexibility
Versatile configurations meet an
array of specific applications
thermofisher.com/purewater 97
Are the water systems you’re
purifying under pressure?
Choose the
feature you need Technology / Feature Benefits
Hand dispense water from the cartridge system. Ideal for rinsing
Remote Dispenser
glassware or filling a waterbath.
Added Features
Quick Release Canisters Allows for fast and simple cartridge change-outs.
98
Cartridges
Non-Pressurized
Pressurized Systems Water Systems
Filters Systems
B-Pure Economical
B-pure B-pure Bantam
Half Size Harvey DI+ Filter Hose Nipple
Double Holder Single Holder Deionizer
Holder Holder
Expanded Complete Economical Simple
Smaller Complete
purification Single step system choice for system for
capacity for nonpressurized
with full purification with dispenser particle nonpressurized
optimal value system
features and cartridge filtration applications
3 3 3 3 3
Requires
3 3 3 3 hard piping to 3 3
support unit
3 3 3 3
4 4 2 4 2 0.75 0.63
thermofisher.com/purewater 99
B-Pure water system
The B-Pure is an economical laboratory grade water system with flow rates up to 4 L/min that can be customized
to meet your specific applications. Choose from single or double holders depending on your application needs.
Single holder
• Produces up to four L/min
• Simple system without a draw-off valve
or purity indicator
Double holder
• Produces up to four L/min
• Complete with draw-off valve
• Choose from models with digital purity meter
or Pura-Lite “Go/No Go” resistivity indicator
Half-size holder
• Produces up to 2 L/min
• Easily attaches to full size B-Pure systems
• Small size allows for flexibility in mounting location
Applications Include
• Pretreatment
• Deionization
• Organic and chlorine removal
• Feeding laboratory equipment
100
Cartridges
Customizeable for your
pretreatment or deionization needs
Filters Systems
Thermo Scientific Harvey DI+ Cartridge
System
• Turn-key system ships complete with a remote
dispenser, Pura-Lite (50 KΩ.cm) indicator and a high
capacity, two-bed ion exchange cartridge to remove
calcium, magnesium, and other ions from water
• The system accepts a broad range of other cartridges
to remove impurities and produces pure water at a flow
rate of up to 4 L/min
Product Specifications
Overall dimensions Inlet Feed water Max feed Max flow
WxHxD connection temperature water pressure rate
7 x 24 x 7 in
Single holder 1/2 in NPTF 4-49 °C (40-120 °F) 100 psig 4 L/min
(17.8 x 61 x 17.8 cm)
15 x 27 x 7 in
Double holder 1/2 in NPTF 4-49 °C (40-120 °F) 100 psig 4 L/min
(38.1 x 68.65 x 17.8 cm)
7 x 15 x 7 in
Half size holder 1/2 in NPTF 4-49 °C (40-120 °F) 100 psig 2 L/min
(17.8 x 38.1 x 17.8 cm)
7 x 26 x 7 in
Harvey DI+ 1/2 NPTF 4-49 °C (40-120 °F) 100 psig 4 L/min
(17.8 x 63 x 17.8 cm)
thermofisher.com/purewater 101
B-Pure water system (continued)
Cartridges
Size Dimensions Length x Diameter
Full Size Cartridge 17.5 x 3.4 in
Half Size Cartridge 10.95 x 3.4 in
102
Required Accessories
Choose the cartridge(s) according to Resin Cartridge Capacity as Model
Cartridges
your needs. type(s) size CaCO 3 number
Anion removal
Effective removal of weakly ionized impurities, Strong anion
Full 1680 grains D0760
raises the pH of solutions, recovers precious exchange
metal complex
Cation removal
Converts ionized salts to the acid form resulting Strong cation
Full 3170 grains D0815
in a product water that is low in pH, ideal for exchange
precious metal or isotope recovery
High capacity
Removes ionized impurities, produces a larger Two-bed ion
Filters Systems
Full 1760 grains D0803
quantity of water than that of the Ultrapure exchange
(D0809), however at a lower resistivity
Pretreatment macropure
Macroreticular,
Effectively removes colloids and bacteria, Full 2000 gal D0836
activated carbon
increases filter life
Organic removal Full 5000 gal D0813
Activated carbon
Removes organics and chlorine Half 5000 gal D50215
Organic removal
Removes organics and chlorine. Ideal for
Extruded carbon Full 5000 gal D63112
pretreating water systems with high organic levels
in the feed water.
Oxygen removal Full 30 g D0811
Maintains low oxygen content to prevent corrosion Porous strong
in cooling water loops, etc. The feed water should anion exchange
contain less than 10 ppm of ionized solids. Half 18 g D50214
Oxygen removal 275 grains /
Oxygen and demineralization Half D50216
mixed-bed 9g
Ultrapure Full 875 grains D0809
Removes ionized impurities to produce high Mixed-bed
resistivity water with a neutral pH Half 550 grains D50213
Ultrapure and organic removal 785 grains /
Full D0832
Commonly used as still pretreatment. Removes Mixed-bed, 1000 gal
ionized impurities and has alayer of activated activated carbon 275 grains /
carbon to remove chlorine and organics. Half D50217
2000 gal
Ultrapure, 455 grains /
Ultrapure and oxygen removal Full D8809
oxygen removal 30 g
Ultrapure, 365 grains /
Ultrapure, oxygen, and organic removal oxygen and Full 2000 gal / D8811
organic removal 12 g
Optional Accessories
Voltage
120 240
Digital Purity Monitor – Resistivity range of 0.1-18.2 MΩ.cm D2770 D2769
Indicator light at 50,000 Ω.cm E3450 E3454
Pura-Lite Indicator light at 200,000 Ω.cm E3451 E3455
Indicator light at 1,000,000 Ω.cm E3452 E3456
1 to 75 L/hr using 1/8 inch NPT inlet D0787 D0787
Flow meters
0 to 190 L/hr using 1/8 inch NPT inlet D0788 D0788
0.2 µm final filter – For use on Double Holder units D3750 D3750
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Bantam Deionizer
The Barnstead Deionizer is an economical way to deionize your water. Easily view resistivity readings directly
from unit. Customizable to specific applications by selecting the appropriate cartridge listed below.
104
Barnstead Hose Nipple Cartridges
Cartridges
The Barnstead Hose Nipple Cartridges are an economical way to purify water volumes up to 75 L/hr
Applications include softening, deionization, organic and chlorine removal.
Easily customizable
• Economical purification option
Filters Systems
• Ideal for small volume applications
cartridge holder
• Same superior quality resins used in
B-Pure cartridges
• Constructed of 100 % virgin
polypropylene cartridge
Product Specifications
• Designed for non-pressure applications, these cartridges Cartridge size Dimensions (Length x Diameter)
include 3/8 inch barb hose connections on each end. 1/2 Size 10.2 x 3.25 in (25.9 x 8.25 cm)
D8822, D8950, and D8951 cartridges include tapered 2/3 Size 13.3 x 3.25 in (33.8 x 8.25 cm)
Full Size 18.7 x 3.25 in (47.5 x 8.25 cm)
straight nipple for 3/8 inch ID tubing
• Color change indicator identifies when
resin is exhausted in specific cartridges System Options Model
number
• Simple cartridge holder is easily Hose nipple cartridge holder
D8900
wall mounted For easy wall mounting
Required Accessories
Choose the
Color Model
cartridge based Resin type(s) Capacity
indicator1 number
on your needs
1/2 size mixed-bed Ultrapure ion exchange 430 grains No D50220
1/2 size Ultrapure mixed-bed
280 grains /
mixed-bed with with strong anion No D8822
4.4 g
oxygen removal exchange
Two-bed ion
2/3 size high
exchange with strong 1100 grains Yes D8950
capacity
cation exchange
2/3 size Mixed-bed ion
470 grains /
mixed-bed and exchange with Yes D8951
2000 gal
organic removal activated carbon
Full size cation
Cation exchange 3000 grains Yes D8905
removal
Full size high Two-bed ion
1650 grains Yes D8901
capacity exchange
Full size
Macroreticular
macroreticular, n/a No D8908
cation exchange
cation removal
Full size organic
Activated carbon 5000 gal No D8904
removal
Full size oxygen Strong anion
30 g No D8903
removal exchange
Routine Laboratory Work Full size
Mixed-bed and
strong cation 1250 grains
pretreatment and Yes D8921
• Pretreatment exchange, activated / 1000 gal
scale eliminator
charcoal
• Deionization Full size ultrapure Ultrapure ion exchange 915 grains No D8911
• Organic and chlorine remova Ultrapure mixed-bed
Full size ultrapure 915 grains Yes D8902
ion exchange
• Feeding laboratory equipment Full size ultrapure Mixed-bed ion
730 grains /
with organic exchange with Yes D8922
2000 gal
removal activated carbon
1
Alcohol-containing water supplies cannot be used with cartridges containing the color indicator.
thermofisher.com/purewater 105
Barnstead 1/2 Size B-Pure Filter
Barnstead 1/2 Size B-Pure Filters will meet all your prefiltration needs. The filters can be used to pretreat feed
water or act as a final filter to ensure consistently pure water.
Product features
• Large surface area ensures long life
• Flow rates of up to two L/min
Optional accessory
Pressure Gauge Kit
• Attaches to any B-Pure system
• 0 to 160 psi pressure gauge allows for monitoring inlet
and outlet water pressure
• Monitors pressure drop across any of the 10 inch
Economy Filter Holder
(25.43 cm) filter cartridges used in the 1/2 Size B-Pure
Filter Holder
• Pressure drop of greater than 10 psi indicates need for
filter change
106
Cartridges
Flexible
filtration system
Filters Systems
System Options Product Specifications
Max feed
Overall dimensions Inlet Feed water Max flow Model
water
WxHxD connection temperature rate number
pressure
1/2 Size B-Pure
7 x 15 x 7 in 4-49 °C
holder* 1/2 in NPTF 100 psig 2 L/min D5839
(17.8 x 38.1 x 17.8 cm) (40-120 °F)
Wall mount included
Economy filter 5.25 x 12 x 5.25 in 4-49 °C
3/4 in NPTF 100 psig 2 L/min 15840
holder* (13.3 x 30.5 x 13.3 cm) (40-120 °F)
Required Accessory
1/2 size
Length Diameter Economy
Pore Size B-Pure
in (cm) in (cm) Holder
Filter Holder
1 µm Pre-filter 10 (25.4) 2.5 (6.5) FL583X4 18024
5 µm Pre-filter 10 (25.4) 2.5 (6.5) FL583X1 D2729
Filters 10 µm Pre-filter 10 (25.4) 2.5 (6.5) FL583X2 18011
Choose the filter(s)
according to your needs 15 µm Pre-filter 10 (25.4) 2.5 (6.5) FL583X3 18018
0.2 µm Final Filter 10 (25.4) 2.5 (6.5) FL583X6 –
0.45 µm Final Filter 10 (25.4) 2.5 (6.5) FL583X5 –
Optional Accessories
Dual pressure gauge kit D2780 –
Single pressure gauge D0780 –
*
thermofisher.com/purewater 107
Already have a Thermo Scientific water purification system?
This is where you can find the replacement consumables for your previously purchased
Thermo Scientific water purification system.
Cleaning your
purification system
allows bacterial
contaminants to be
flushed away
Replacement Consumables
Diamond cartridge pack
Choose the cartridge pack Deionized feed D50283 D50281 D50283 D50281
according to your feed water and
system. Ships with 0.2 μm final RO or
D50282 D50280 D50282 D50280
filter (D3750) distilled feed
0.2 μm final filter D3750 D3750 D3750 D3750
Ultraviolet lamp (system) n/a LMX13 n/a LMX13
Ultrafilter n/a n/a FL1192X1 FL1192X1
Cleaning syringe CMX25 CMX25 CMX25 CMX25
Ultraviolet lamp (TOC) LMX26 LMX26 LMX26 LMX26
108
Barnstead EasyPure II System Consumables
II II UV UF II UV/UF
Replacement Consumables
Legacy Consumables
Cartridge pack Deionized feed D502126 D502124 D502126 D502124
Choose the cartridge
pack according to your RO or
feed water and system D502127 D502125 D502127 D502125
distilled feed
0.2 μm final filter D3750 D3750 D3750 D3750
Ultraviolet lamp n/a LMX13 n/a LMX13
Ultrafilter n/a n/a FL1192X1 FL1192X1
Cleaning syringe CMX25 CMX25 CMX25 CMX25
EasyPure EasyPure
EasyPure RoDi
RF RF UV
RO 6 L/h D12671
TII 12 L/h D14031
RO 12 L/h D12651
TII 24 L/h D14041 RO 24 L/h D12661
Replacement Consumables Replacement Consumables
TII DI cartridge pack 6 and 12 L/h FL1265X1
D502137 Reverse
Ships with 0.2 μm final filter (D3750) 24 L/h
osmosis FL1265X1
1 μm pre-filter D502113 Requires 2 RO
membrane (please order 2)
MPS cartridge D502114 membranes
Extruded carbon cartridge D502115 1 μm pre-filter FL1265X1
0.2 μm final filter D3750 MPS cartridge D502114
Reverse osmosis membrane FL1265X1 Extruded carbon cartridge D502115
Ultraviolet lamp (system) LMX13 Ventgard reservoir cap 25001-DB
Ultraviolet lamp (reservoir) LMX31
Ventgard reservoir cap 25001-DB
thermofisher.com/purewater 109
Support and
maintenance
110
Support and Maintenance
Services
Maintaining your water purification system is crucial to the overall productivity of your laboratory, the
long-term performance of the system and the total cost of ownership. We offer a variety of services to
suit your individual needs. Professional service delivers improved productivity, convenience,
peace-of-mind and budget control.
Please ask your local sales representative for additional information about service offerings in your area.
thermofisher.com/purewater 111
Go Green
Smart Green designs mean a great water system for you and a smaller
impact on the environment!
Our engineers created water systems with the environment in mind:
Reduce
Our cartridges use high quality resin to extend the useful life of the cartridge.
Extended life reduces the need to replace your cartridges which, in turn,
reduces the waste stream and improves your laboratory’s sustainability.
You’ll use your cartridges longer, reducing the need to reorder, ship, handle
and dispose of your cartridges.
Our units are designed to minimize the amount of water that is used during
the analysis.
To provide the customer with pure water and low power consumption, our units
go into a low energy mode after dispensing without sacrificing water quality for
your applications.
Reuse
Our cartridges were engineered with the environment in mind. The plastic
cartridge casings and endcaps are constructed using virgin polypropylene to
allow for easy recycling after end of life. The cartridge is assembled in a clean
environment using environmentally friendly ultrasonic welding that minimizes
energy usage compared to other joining as well as avoids the use of any
environmentally unfriendly solvents. Our conscious effort to avoid chemical
solvents and adhesives makes the plastic and resin suitable to be recovered,
reground and reused for a variety of alternate uses.
112
Common Conversions
Common Conversions for Pure Water
1 U.S. Gallon (gal) = 231 Cubic in (in3) = 3.785 Liters (L)
Volume 1 Cubic Meter (m3) = 35.3 Cubic Feet (ft.3)
1 U.S. Ounce (oz) = 29.57 Milliliters (mL)
1 U.S. Gallon (gal) = 8.33 lb. Water
Density
1 Cubic Foot (ft.3) = 62.3 lb. Water
°F = (°C x 9/5) + 32
thermofisher.com/purewater 113
Glossary
Absorption – Process by which one substance is taken Exhaustion – When absorbents, such as activated carbon
up by another, either chemically or physically, as when a or ion exchange resins, have depleted their capacity by
sponge “soaks up” a liquid. using up all active sites. Ion exchange resins may be
regenerated to reverse the process.
Activated Carbon – Material used to adsorb organic
impurities from water. Feed Water – Water entering a treatment process.
Anion Exchange Resin – An ion exchange material that Filtration – Removal of suspended matter by passing
removes anions from solution by exchanging them with it through a porous matrix that prevents particles from
hydroxyl ions. getting through, usually by entrapment on or in the
filter matrix.
Bed – Column of carbon, sand or ion exchange resins
through which the water passes during treatment. Fouling – When gelatinous coatings, colloidal masses
or dense bacterial growth form a compacted crust on
Cation Exchange Resin – Ion exchange resins capable of
membrane or filter surfaces which blocks further flow.
removing cations by exchanging them for hydrogen ions.
Grains per Gallon – Concentration of dissolved ions in
Conductivity – The reciprocal of resistivity, it is a measure
water, generally as calcium carbonate. 7,000 grains is equal
of the ability to conduct an electric current. Since ionized
to a pound. One grain per gallon is equivalent to 17.1 ppm
impurities increase the conductivity of water, it is also an
of Dissolved Solids.
accurate measure of ionic purity. To measure it, current
is passed between two electrodes a fixed distance apart. Hardness – Concentration of calcium and magnesium
Conductivity is normally expressed as microsiemens/cm, salts in water and is sometimes also taken to include iron
identical to micromhos/cm. and manganese. High hardness can cause boiler or pipe
scale and failure of reverse osmosis membranes.
Deionization – Removing dissolved ions from solution by
passing it through a bed of ion exchange resins, consisting Ion Exchange – Also called deionization. A process
of polymer beads that exchange hydrogen ions for cations in which harmless ions attached to the resin beads are
and hydroxyl ions for anions in solution. The ionic impurities exchanged for undesirable ions in solution. Typically,
remain bound to the resins, and the hydrogen and hydroxyl hydrogen ions are exchanged for any cations and hydroxyl
ions combine with each other to form water. ions for any anions. The hydrogen and hydroxyl ions
combine to form pure water.
Dissolved Solids – Also referred to as Total Dissolved
Solids (TDS), it is the amount of nonvolatile matter Macroreticular Resin – An ion exchange resin with a
dissolved in a water sample and is usually expressed in reticular porous matrix that makes it effective for removing
parts-per-million by weight. colloids and bacteria, as well as dissolved anions. It is
especially useful for preventing colloidal and organic fouling
Distillation – The process of separating water from
of mixed-bed resins and premature clogging of final filters.
impurities by heating until it changes into vapor and then
cooling the vapor to condense it into purified water. Megohm-cm – Ω A measure of ionic purity in water.
Resistivity (the reciprocal of conductivity) is a measure of
Electrodeionization (EDI) – Removes dissolved ions
specific resistance to electrical flow. The fewer dissolved
from solution using electricity to ionize water and
ions in water the higher its resistivity. One megohm-cm
separate ions.
is equivalent to one million ohms of resistance measured
Effluent – The output or discharge from a water between two electrodes one centimeter apart.
treatment process. The theoretical maximum ionic purity for water is
18.2 megohm-cm at 25 °C .
Endotoxin – A poisonous substance present in bacteria
that is released when the cell disintegrates. In water
treatment, it most often refers to pyrogens.
114
Membrane – Filtration membranes are thin polymer films
that are permeable to water and other fluids. Microporous
membrane filters have measurable pore structures which
physically remove particles or microorganisms larger than
Glossary
pore size. Ultrafiltration membranes (sometimes called
molecular sieves), also remove molecules larger than a
specified molecular weight. Reverse osmosis membranes
are permeable to water molecules and very little else,
rejecting even dissolved ions in water.
thermofisher.com/purewater 115
Glossary
Pyrogens – Lipopolysaccharides found in the outer Semipermeable – Membranes that do not have
cell walls of certain bacteria which can trigger an measurable pores, but through which smaller molecules
immune response. can pass.
Recirculation – Continuous recirculation may be Suspended Solids – Undissolved solids that can be
necessary to maintain uniformly high purity in larger removed by filtration.
water systems. Water is continuously recirculated and
TDS – Abbreviation for total dissolved solids.
reprocessed to prevent stagnation and to rinse out residual
impurities in the system. Bacteria flourish in stagnant water. Total Ionized Solids – Concentration of dissolved ions
in solution, expressed in concentration units of NaCI
Reject – In reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration, those
(sodium chloride).
impurities not able to permeate the membrane are said to
be rejected (removed). They are flushed away in the reject Total Organic Carbon (TOC) – A measure of the level of
(waste) stream. organic impurities in water, which determines the operating
life of activated carbon beds.
Resin – Ion exchange resins are usually bead-like
spherical materials with an affinity for particular ions. Total Solids – Total solids in water include both dissolved
Cation exchange resins, made of styrene and and suspended solids.
divinylbenzene containing sulfonic acid groups, will
Turbidity – A suspension of fine particles that obscures
exchange hydrogen ions for any cations they encounter.
light rays but requires many days for sedimentation
Similarly, anion exchange resins, made of styrene and
because of small particle size.
divinylbenzene containing quaternary ammonium groups,
will exchange a hydroxyl ion for any anions. Two-Bed – Separate beds or layers of cation and
anion exchange resins. Results in lower purity than
Resistivity – A measure of specific resistance to the flow
mixed-bed deionization, but provides higher capacity in
of electricity. In water, it is an accurate measure of ionic
terms of throughput.
purity. See Megohm-cm.
Ultrafiltration – Molecular sieves; membranes with
Reverse Osmosis – The reversal of osmosis to purify
pores small enough to remove large molecules. Rated in
water. In osmosis, water diffuses through a
terms of nominal molecular weight cutoff. A 10,000 Dalton
semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated
(molecular weight) UF membrane, for example, will remove
solution to a more concentrated solution. The flow of
bacterial pyrogens, which are typically in the range of
water can be reversed with an opposing pressure that
20,000 Daltons.
exceeds osmotic pressure. With Reverse Osmosis, water
is forced out of a concentrated solution, leaving the solute Ultrapure Water – Water with a specific resistance higher
(impurities) behind. than 1 megohm-cm. In the laboratory, it usually refers
to ASTM D1193 Type 1 reagent grade water. Anything in
Salt Rejection – In reverse osmosis, the ratio of salts
laboratory water that is not H2O is an impurity. Although
removed (rejected) to the original salt concentration.
chemically pure water is not attainable, ultrapure water
See Percent Rejection.
systems are now capable of reducing impurities down to
Scale – The mineral deposits that can coat the the limits of detection.
insides of boilers or the surfaces of RO membranes.
UV Oxidation – Ultraviolet radiation is employed in water
It consists mainly of calcium carbonate, which precipitates
purification for the photochemical oxidation of organic
out of solution under certain conditions of pH, alkalinity
impurities, resulting in HPLC grade water with organic
and hardness.
impurity levels below 5 ppb.
116
Glossary
thermofisher.com/purewater 117
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