Concept of Forge Application Under Effect of Friction Time For AISI 316 Using Friction Welding Process

Concept of forge application Under effect
of friction time for AISI 316 using friction

welding process
NAIT SLIMANE NIHED

M2/FMP
The present study describes the effect of forging application taking into account the
friction time on the metallurgy and mechanical property of the friction welded joint
for AISI 316. Three friction times (6.5 s, 8.5 s and 10 s) with two directions for this
study were used; the first direction was carried out by phase elimination forging and
the second was carried out under phase forging application. The macro-
microstructure for the welded joint, the micro hardness in the axial direction, the
tensile tests and the morphology of the tensile break were studied. In conclusion,
flash training was reduced by about 30% without forging compared to the forging
application.
Material and methods:

 Commercial austenitic stainless steel Cr-Ni-Mo used in this study has a
symbol of ASII 316.
 The microstructural and mechanical properties of AISI 316 were tested and
verified before the welding operation
 Welding operations were performed using a DDFW machine
 Friction and forging pressure were measured by hydraulic and electronic
system
 Under the effect of the friction time, two of the orientations were reached for
this study
 The first direction was obtained by eliminating the forging phase and the
second was carried out under the application of the forging phase
 metallographic and mechanical tests are performed to obtain the results to
understand and clarify the concept of forging application under the effect of
friction time on the force joint

 The NIKON SMZ 745 T device was used for macroscopic observations for
flash evaluation training.
 The NIKON ECLIPSE LV100ND device was used for the microstructure
observations
 Traction fracture surface observations were made for forging application
case using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) by the JEOL JSM-6360
device
 Vickers micro hardness measurements were made in the axial direction for
all welding conditions using SHIMADZU HMV test machine
 The INSTRON 5500 universal testing machine with a load capacity of ± 100 kN
was used for the tensile tests. The tests were carried out for all welding
conditions as well as for the metal base with a quasi-static strain rate of
0.0016 s - 1
Results and discussion:

 Figure 7 explains that with a longer friction time, a large amount of flash
metal is formed; thus, the thermoplastic
 The deformation in the joints obviously occurs at a longer rubbing time
because more softening metal occurs around the interface
 When the forge is eliminated, this leads to reducing the formation of flash by
at least 30%.
 Axial shortening tends to increase with increasing friction time
 showed that the amount of flash formation depended on the mechanical
properties of the metal to be welded

 The metallurgical study of figure 9 clearly shows the thermomechanically-
affected zone (TMAZ) in the central region of the welded joint. This
microstructure explains the rotation and pressure influence during the period
of friction without the application of forging.
 under forging effect (Fig. 10), strongly plastically deformed area
 The effect of the forging pressure creates a phenomenon of dynamic
recrystallization at the interface and illustrates the refinement of grains due
to this phenomenon
 dynamic recrystallization depends on several factors such as grain size,
deformation conditions, chemical composition and nature of crystal structure
 Micro hardness is measured in the axial direction for all welding conditions
as shown in Figs. 11, 12 and 13.
 with the application of forging, the amount of micro hardness increases with
a longer friction time, especially in the welding center due to thermoplastic
deformation and dynamic recrystallization
 hardening due to the application of forging leads to an increase in micro
hardness, in particular at the center of the weld
 The results of the tensile tests are shown in Table 4
 To get the high level of UTS, the friction time should be as short as possible,
while the rotational speed, friction and forging pressure should be as high as
possible
 Figure 17 shows the nature and position of the fracture
 Figure 18 illustrates the SEM observations of the nature of the fractures for
AISI 316 and 6.5 s under forging application

 Figure 19 illustrates a clear shape of the fingerprint for 10 s after application
of forge
Conclusions :
The present work analyzed the effect of friction time with and without forging
application and the results are summarized as follows :
When the forging is removed, it leads to reducing the amount of flash
formation by at least 30%, the axial shortening tends to increase with
increasing friction time.
TMAZ creates without application of forging due to sufficient amounts of
heat input that change the microstructure of the weld area to relatively
circular partially deformed grains whose diameter does not exceed 50 μm.

Concept of Forge Application Under Effect of Friction Time For AISI 316 Using Friction Welding Process

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Concept of forge application Under effect

of friction time for AISI 316 using friction

NAIT SLIMANE NIHED

Material and methods:

symbol of ASII 316.

verified before the welding operation

 Welding operations were performed using a DDFW machine

 Friction and forging pressure were measured by hydraulic and electronic

 metallographic and mechanical tests are performed to obtain the results to

friction time on the force joint

flash evaluation training.

 Traction fracture surface observations were made for forging application

case using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) by the JEOL JSM-6360

all welding conditions using SHIMADZU HMV test machine

Results and discussion:

metal is formed; thus, the thermoplastic

 The deformation in the joints obviously occurs at a longer rubbing time

because more softening metal occurs around the interface

 Axial shortening tends to increase with increasing friction time

 showed that the amount of flash formation depended on the mechanical

properties of the metal to be welded

of friction without the application of forging.

 under forging effect (Fig. 10), strongly plastically deformed area

 The effect of the forging pressure creates a phenomenon of dynamic

recrystallization at the interface and illustrates the refinement of grains due

 dynamic recrystallization depends on several factors such as grain size,

deformation conditions, chemical composition and nature of crystal structure

as shown in Figs. 11, 12 and 13.

a longer friction time, especially in the welding center due to thermoplastic

deformation and dynamic recrystallization

 hardening due to the application of forging leads to an increase in micro

hardness, in particular at the center of the weld

 The results of the tensile tests are shown in Table 4

 Figure 17 shows the nature and position of the fracture

AISI 316 and 6.5 s under forging application

application and the results are summarized as follows :

When the forging is removed, it leads to reducing the amount of flash

formation by at least 30%, the axial shortening tends to increase with

increasing friction time.

TMAZ creates without application of forging due to sufficient amounts of

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