In the 1500's when the Spanish moved into what later was to become the southwestern

United States, they encountered the ancestors of the modern-day                         Pueblo, Hopi, and

Zuni peoples. These ancestors, known variously as the Basket Makers, the
     Line              Anasazi, or the Ancient Ones, had lived in the area for at least 2,000 years. They were
     (5)                 an advanced agricultural people who used irrigation to help grow their crops.
                        The Anasazi lived in houses constructed of adobe and wood. Anasazi houses were
originally built in pits and were entered from the roof. But around the year 700 A.D., the Anasazi
began to build their homes above ground and join them together into rambling multistoried complexes,
which the Spanish called pueblos or villages.
     (10)                Separate subterranean rooms in these pueblos ― known as kivas or chapels ―
were set aside for religious ceremonials. Each kiva had a fire pit and a hole that was believed tolead
to the underworld. The largest pueblos had five stories and more than 800 rooms.
                        The Anasazi family was matrilinear, that is, descent was traced through the female.
                         The sacred objects of the family were under the control of the oldest female, but
the          
     (15)                actual ceremonies were conducted by her brother or son. Women owned the rooms
the pueblo and the crops, once they were harvested. While still growing, crops belonged to the men
who, in contrast to most other Native American groups, planted them. The women made baskets and
pottery; the men wove textiles and crafted turquoise jewelry.
     (20)                 Each village had two chiefs. The village chief dealt with land disputes and
religious affairs. The war chief led the men in fighting during occasional conflicts that broke out  with
neighboring villages and directed the men in community building projects. The cohesive political and
social organization of the Anasazi made it almost impossible for other groups to conquer them.
                        1.  What does the passage mainly discuss?       
(a) The culture of the Anasazi people        
(b) European settlement in what became the southeastern United States                
(c) The construction of Anasazi houses
(d) Political structures of Native American peoples
                         2.  The Anasazi people were considered "agriculturally advanced" because
                            of the way they ---
(a) stored their crops
(b) fertilized their fields
(c) watered their crops
(d) planted their fields
                         3.  The word "pits" in line 7 is closest in meaning to                                   
(a) stages              (b)  scars                     
(b) seeds               (d)  holes                    
                         4. The word "stories" in line 12 is closest in meaning to
(c) articles             (b)  tales
(d) levels               (d)  rumors
                          5.  Who would have been most likely to control the sacred objects
                            of an Anasazi family?    
(a) A twenty-year-old man              
(b) A twenty-year-old woman
(c) A forty-year-old man
(d) A forty-year-old woman

                        6. The word "they" in line 16 refers to

(a) women                     (b)  crops
(c) rooms                      (d)  pueblos
                         7. The word "disputes" in line 20 is closest in meaning to
(a) discussions       
 (b) arguments
(c) developments 
(d) purchases
                         8. Which of the following activities was NOT done by Anasazi men?
(a) Making baskets   
(b) Planting crops
(c) building homes
(d) Crafting jewelry
9.  According to the passage, what made it almost impossible for other groups
     to conquer the Anasazi?
(a) The political and social organization of th Anasazi
(b) The military tactics employed by the Anasazi
(c) The Anasazi's agricultural technology
(d) The natural barriers surrounding Anasazi villages

10. The passage supports which of the following generalizations?

(a) The presence of the Spanish threatened Anasazi society.
(b) The Anasazi benefited from trading relations with the Spanish.
(c) Anasazi society exhibited a well-defined division of labor.
(d) Conflicts between neighboring Anasazi villages were easily resolved.
 
 
Answers
  1.  A     2. C      3. D    4. C     5. D     6. B     7. B     8. A     9. A     10. C
 The Winterthur Museum is a collection and a house. There are many museums
            devoted to the decorative arts and many house museums, but rarely in the United States
            is a great collection displayed in a great country house. Passing through successive
  Line     generations of a single family, Winterthur has been a private estate for more than a
  (5)       century. Even after the extensive renovations made to it between 1929 and 1931, the
            house remained a family residence. This fact is of importance to the atmosphere and
            effect of the museum. The impression of a lived-in house is apparent to the visitor; the
            rooms look as if they were vacated only a short while ago ― whether by the original
            owners of the furniture of the most recent residents of the house can be a matter of
  (10)      personal interpretation. Winterthur remains, then, a house in which a collection of
            furniture and architectural elements has been assembled. Like an English country
            house, it is an organic structure; the house, as well as the collection and manner of
            displaying it to the visitor, has changed over the years. The changes have coincided
            with developing concepts of the American arts, increased knowledge on the part of
  (15)      collectors and students, and a progression toward the achievement of a historical effect
            in period-room displays. The rooms at Winterthur have followed this current, yet still
            retained the character of a private house.
               The concept of a period room as a display technique has developed gradually over
            the years in an effort to present works of art in a context that would show them to
  (20)      grater effect and would give them more meaning for the viewer. Comparable to the
            habitat group in a natural history museum, the period room represents the decorative
            arts in a lively and interesting manner and provides an opportunity to assemble objects
            related by style, date, or place of manufacture.
           
            21. What does the passage mainly discuss?
              (A) The reason that Winterthur was redesigned
              (B) Elements that make Winterthur an unusual museum
              (C) How Winterthur compares to English country houses
              (D) Historical furniture contained in Winterthur
 
            22. The phrase “devoted to”in line 2 is closest in meaning to
              (A) surrounded by
              (B) specializing in
              (C) successful with
            (D) sentimental about
           
            23. What happened at Winterthur between 1929 and 1931 ?
              (A) The owners moved out.
              (B) The house was repaired.
              (C) The old furniture was replaced.
              (D) The estate became a museum.
 
            24. What does the author mean by stating “The impression of a lived-in
              house is apparent to the visitor”(line 7) ?
              (A) Winterthur is very old.        
              (B) Few people visit Winterthur.
              (C) Winterthur does not look like a typical museum.
              (D) The furniture at Winterthur looks comfortable
 
            25. The word “assembled”in line 11 is closest in meaning to
              (A) summoned
              (B) appreciated
              (C) brought together
              (D) fundamentally changed
 
            26. The word “it”in line 12 refers to
              (A) Winterthur
              (B) collection
              (C) English country house
              (D) visitor
 
            27. The word “developing”in line 14 is closest in meaning to
              (A) traditional
              (B) exhibiting
              (C) informative
              (D) evolving
           
            28. According to the passage, objects in a period room are related by all of the
             following EXCEPT
              (A) date
              (B) style
              (C) place of manufacture
              (D) past ownership
 
            29. What si the relationship between the two paragraphs in the passage?
              (A) The second paragraph explains a term that was mentioned in the
                first paragraph.
              (B) Each paragraph describes a dafferent approach to the display of
                objects in a museum.
              (C) The second paragraph of explains a philosophy art appreciation that
                contrasts with the philosophy explained in the first paragraph.
              (D) Each paragraph describes a different historical period.
 
            30. Where is the passage does the author explain why displays at Winterthur have
             changed?
              (A) Lines 1-3
              (B) Lines 5-6
              (C) Lines 7-10
              (D) Lines 13-16
 
 
Answers
 

21. B    22. B     23. B    24. C    25. C    26. A     27. D    28. D    29. A    30. D
1. C 6. D
2. A 7. C
3. C 8. B
4. D 9. A
5. A 10. B
 Galaxies are the major building blocks of the universe. A galaxy is a giant family of
            many millions of stars, and it is held together by its own gravitational field. Most of the
            material universe is organized into galaxies of stars, together with gas and dust.
  Line          There are three main types of galaxy ; spiral, elliptical, and irregular. The Milky
   (5)      Way is a spiral galaxy : a flattish disc of stars with two spiral arms emerging from its
            central nucleus. About one-quarter of all galaxies have this shape. Spiral galaxies are
            well supplied with the interstellar gas in which new stars form ; as the rotating spiral
            pattern sweeps around the galaxy it compresses gas and dust, triggering the formation
            of bright young stars in its arms. The elliptical galaxies have a symmetrical elliptical or
  (10)      spheroidal shape with no obvious structure. Most of their member stars are very old
            and since ellipticals are devoid of interstellar gas, no new stars are forming in them.
            The biggest and brightest galaxies in the universe are ellipticals with masses of about
            1013 times that of the Sun; these giants may frequently be sources of strong radio
            emission, in which case they are called radio galaxies. About two-thirds of all galaxies
  (15)      are elliptical. Irregular galaxies comprise about one-tenth of all galaxies and they come
            in many subclasses.
                 Measurement in space is quite different from measurement on Earth. Some
            terrestrial distances can be expressed as intervals of time : the time to fly from one
            continent to another or the time it takes to drive to work, for example. By comparison
  (20)      with these familiar yardsticks, the distances to     the galaxies are incomprehensibly large,
            but they too are made more manageable by using a time calibration, in this case the
            distance that light travels in one year. On such a scale the nearest giant spiral galaxy,
            the Andromeda galaxy, is two million light years away. The most distant luminous
            objects seen by telescopes are probably ten thousand million light years away. Their
            light was already halfway here before the Earth even formed. The light from the nearby
            Virgo galaxy set out when reptiles still dominated the animal world.
 
            40. The world "major" in line 1 is closest in meaning to
               (A) intense
               (B) principal
               (C) huge
               (D) unique
             41. What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?
               (A) The Milky Way     
               (B) Major categories of galaxies
               (C) How elliptical galaxies are formed   
               (D) Difference between irregular and spiral galaxies
 
            42. The word "which" in line 7 refers to
               (A) dust
               (B) gas
               (C) pattern
               (D) galaxy
             43. According to the passage, new stars are formed in spiral galaxies due to
               (A) an explosion of gas
               (B) the compression of gas and dust
               (C) the combining of old stars
               (D) strong radio emissions
             44. The word "symmetrical" in line 9 is closest in meaning to
               (A) proportionally balanced
               (B) commonly seen
               (C) typical large
               (D) steadily growing
             45. The word "obvious" in line 10 is closest in meaning to
               (A) discovered
               (B) apparent
               (C) understood
               (D) simplistic
             46. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of
              elliptical galaxies?
               (A) They are the largest galaxies.
               (B) They mostly contain old stars.
               (C) They contain a high amount of interstellar gas.
               (D) They have a spherical shape
             47. Which of the following characteristics of radio galaxies is mentioned
              in the passage?
               (A) They are a type of elliptical galaxy.
               (B) They are usually too small to be seen with a telescope
               (C) They are closely related to irregular galaxies.   
               (D) They are not as bright as spiral galaxies.
             48. What percentage of galaxies are irregular?
               (A) 10%
               (B) 25%
               (C) 50%
               (D) 75%
 
            49. The word "they" in line 21 refers to
               (A) intervals
               (B) yardsticks
               (C) distances
               (D) galaxies
             50. Why does the author mention the Virgo galaxy and the Andromeda galaxy
                in the third paragraph?
               (A) To describe the effect that distance has on visibility
               (B) To compare the ages of two relatively young galaxies
               (C) To emphasize the vast distances of the galaxies from Earth
               (D) To explain why certain galaxies cannot be seen by a telescope
 
Answers
40. B   41. B   42. B    43. B    44. A    45. B     46. C    47. A    48. A   49. C    50. C
This reading text applied for question no. 1 - 7.
There were two widely divergent influences on the early development of statistical methods. Statistics had a mother who
was dedicated to keeping orderly records of governmental units (state and statistics come from the same Latin root.
status) and a gentlemanly gambling father who relied on mathematics to increase his skill at playing the odds in games
of chance. The influence of the mother on the offspring, statistics, is represented by counting, measuring, describing,
tabulating, ordering, and the taking of censuses-all of which led to modern descriptive statistics. From the influence of
the father came modern inferential statistics, which is based squarely on theories of probability.

Descriptive statistics involves tabulating, depicting, and describing collections of data. These data may be either
quantitative, such as measures of height, intelligence, or grade level-159 variables that are characterized by an
underlying continuum-or the data may represent qualitative variables, such as sex, college major, or personality type.
Large masses of data must generally undergo a process of summarization or reduction before they are comprehensible.
Descriptive statistics is a tool for describing or summarizing or reducing to comprehensible form the properties of an
otherwise unwieldy mass of data.

Inferential statistics is a formalized body of methods for solving another class of problems that present great difficulties
for the unaided human mind. This general class of problems characteristically involves attempts to make predictions
using a sample of observations. For example a school superintendent wishes to determine the proportion of children in
a large school system who come to scho6l without breakfast have been vaccinated for flu. or whatever. Having a little
knowledge of statistics, the superintendent would know that it is unnecessary and inefficient to question each child; the
proportion for the entire district could be estimated fairly accurately from a sample of as few as 100 children. Thus, the
purpose of inferential statistics is to predict or estimate characteristics of a population from a knowledge of the
characteristics of only a sample of the population.

1. With what is the passage mainly concerned?

(A) The drawbacks of descriptive and inferential statistics
(B) Applications of inferential statistics
(C) The development and use of statistics
(D) How to use descriptive statistics

2. According to the first paragraph, counting and describing are associated with
(A) inferential statistics
(B) descriptive statistics
(C) unknown variables
(D) quantitative changes

3. Why does the author mention the "mother" and "father" in the first paragraph?
(A) To point out that parents can teach their children statistics
(B) To introduce inferential statistics
(C) To explain that there are different kinds of variables
(D) To present the background of statistics in a humorous and understandable way

4. The word "squarely" in line 8 could best be replaced by which of the following?
(A) solidly
(B) geometrically
(C) rectangularly
(D) haphazardly

5. Which of the following is NOT given as an example of a qualitative variable?

(A) Gender
(B) Height
(C) College major
(D) Type personality

6. Which of the following statements about descriptive statistics is best supported by the passage?
(A) It simplifies unwieldy masses of data.
(B) It leads to increased variability
(C) It solves all numerical problems.
(D) It changes qualitative variables to quantitative variables.

7. According to the passage, what is the purpose of examining a sample of a population.?

(A) To compare different groups
(B) To predict characteristics of the entire population
(C) To consider all the quantitative variables
(D) To tabulate collections of data
This reading text applied for question no. 8 - 14.
What makes it rain? Rain falls from clouds for the same reason anything falls to Earth. The Earth's gravity pulls it. But
every cloud is made of water droplets or ice crystals. Why doesn't rain or snow fall constantly from all clouds? The
droplets or ice crystals in clouds are exceedingly small. The effect of gravity on them is minute. Air currents move and
lift droplets so that the net downward displacement is zero, even though the droplets are in constant motion.

Droplets and ice crystals behave somewhat like dust in the air made visible in a shaft of sunlight. To the casual
observer, dust seems to act in a totally random fashion, moving about chaotically without fixed direction. But in fact dust
particles are much larger than water droplets and they finally fall. The cloud droplet of average size is only 1/2500 inch
in diameter. It is so small that it would take sixteen hours to fall half a mile in perfectly still air, and it does not fall out of
moving air at alt. Only when the droplet grows to a diameter of 1/125 inch or larger can it fall from the cloud. The
average raindrop contains a million times as much water as a tiny cloud droplet. The growth of a cloud droplet to a size
large enough to fall out is the cause of rain and other forms of precipitation. This important growth process is called
"coalescence".

8. What is the main topic of the passage?

(A) The mechanics of rain
(B) The climate of North America
(C) How gravity affects agriculture
(D) Types of clouds

9. The word "minute" in line 4 is closest in meaning to which of the following?

(A) Second
(B) Tiny
(C) Slow
(D) Predictable

10. Why don' t all ice crystals in clouds immediately fall to earth?
(A) They are balanced by the pressure of rain droplets.
(B) The effect of gravity at high altitude is random.
(C) They are kept aloft by air currents.
(D) The heat from the sun' S rays melts them.

11. The word 'motion" in line 6 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
(A) Wind
(B) Descent
(C) Movement
(D) Humidity

12. What can be inferred about drops of water larger than 1/125 inch in diameter?
(A) They never occur.
(B) They are not affected by the force of gravity.
(C) In still air they would fall to earth.
(D) In moving air they fall at a speed of thirty-two miles per hour.

13. In this passage, what does the term "coalescence" refer to?
(A) The gathering of small clouds to form larger clouds
(B) The growth of droplets
(C) The fall of raindrops and other precipitation
(D) The movement of dust particles in the sunlight

14. What is the diameter of the average cloud droplet?

(A) 1/16 inch
(B) 1/125 inch
(C) 1/2500 inch
(D) One million of an inch

This reading text applied for question no. 15 - 20.

The term 'virus is derived from the Latin word for poison. or slime. It was originally applied to the noxious stench
emanating from swamps that was thought to cause a variety of diseases in the centuries before microbes were
discovered and specifically linked to illness. But it was not until almost the end of the nineteenth century that a true virus
was proven to be the cause of a disease.

The nature of viruses made them impossible to detect for many years even after bacteria had been discovered and
studied. Not only are viruses too small to be seen with a light microscope, they also cannot be detected through their
biological activity, except as it occurs in conjunction with other organisms. In fact, viruses show no traces of biological
activity by themselves. Unlike bacteria, they are not living agents in the strictest sense Viruses are very simple pieces of
organic material composed only of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA, enclosed in a coat of protein made up of simple
structural units.(Some viruses also contain carbohydrates and lipids.) They are parasites, requiring human, animal, or
plant cells to live. The virus replicates by attaching to a cell and injecting its nucleic acid.' once inside the cell, the DNA
or RNA that contains the virus' genetic information takes over the cell's biological machinery, and the cell begins to
manufacture viral proteins rather than its own.

15. Which of the following is the best title for the passage.
(A) New Developments in Viral Research
(B) Exploring the Causes of Disease
(C) DNA: Nature’s Building Block
(D) Understanding Viruses

16. Before microbes were discovered It was believed that some diseases were caused by
(A) germ-carrying insects
(B) certain strains of bacteria
(C) foul odors released from swamps
(D) slimy creatures living near swamps

17. The word "proven" in line 4 is closest meaning to which of the following.
(A) Shown
(B) Feared
(C) Imagined
(D) Considered

18. The word  nature" in line 6 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
(A) Self-sufficiency
(B) Shapes
(C) Characteristics
(D) Speed

19. The author implies that bacteria were investigated earlier than viruses because
(A) bacteria are easier to detect
(B) bacteria are harder to eradicate
(C) viruses are extremely poisonous
(D) viruses are found only in hot climates

20. All of the following may be components of a virus EXCEPT

(A) RNA
(B) plant cells
(C) carbohydrates
(D) a coat of protein

This reading text applied for question no. 21 - 25.

The modern age is an age of electricity. People are so used to electric lights, radio, televisions, and telephones that it is
hard to imagine what life would be like without them. When there is a power failure, people grope about in flickering
candlelight. Cars hesitate in the streets because there are no traffic lights to guide them, and food spoils in silent
refrigerators.

Yet, people began to understand how electricity works only a little more than two centuries ago. Nature has apparently
been experimenting in this field for millions of years. Scientists are discovering more and more that the living world may
hold many interesting secrets of electricity that could benefit humanity.

All living cells sent out tiny pulses of electricity. As the heart beats. it send out pulses of recorded electricity; they form
an electrocardiogram, which a doctor can study to determine how well the heart is working. The brain, too, sends out
brain waves of electricity, which can be recorded in an electroencephalogram. The electric currents generated by most
living cells are extremely small-of-ten so small that sensitive instruments are needed to record them. But in some
animals, certain muscle cells have become so specialized as electrical generators that they do not work as muscle cells
at all. When large numbers of these cells are linked together, the effects can be astonishing.

The electric eel is an amazing storage battery. It can send a jolt of as much as eight hundred volts of electricity through
the water in which it lives. An electric house current is only one hundred twenty volts.) As many as four  fifths of all the
cells in the electric eel’s body are specialized for generating electricity, and the strength of the shock it can deliver
corresponds roughly to the length of its body.

21. What is the main idea of the passage?

(A) Electric eels are potentially dangerous
(B) Biology and electricity appear to be closely related
(C) People would be at a loss without electricity
(D) Scientists still have much to discover about electricity

22. The author mentions all of the following as results of a blackout EXCEPT
(A) refrigerated food items may go bad
(B) traffic lights do not work
(C) people must rely on candlelight
(D) elevators and escalators do not function

23. Why does the author mention electric eels?

(A) To warn the reader to stay away from them
(B) To compare their voltage to that used in houses
(C) To give an example of a living electrical generator
(D) To describe a new source of electrical power

24. How many volts of electricity can an electric eel emit?

(A) 1,000
(B) 800
(C) 200
(D) 120

25. It can be inferred from the passage that the longer an eel is the
(A) more beneficial it will be to science
(B) more powerful will be its electrical charge
(C) easier it will be to find
(D) tougher it will be to eat

Answer Key :
1. C 10. C 19. A
2. B 11. C 20. B
3. D 12. C 21. B
4. A 13. B 22. D
5. B 14. C 23. C
6. A 15. D 24. B
7. B 16. C 25. B
8. A 17. A
9. B 18. C