Neuchâtel - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.

org/wiki/Neuchâtel

Coordinates: 47°0′N 6°56′E

Neuchâtel
Neuchâtel or Neuchatel (UK: /ˌnɜːʃæˈtɛl/,
US: /-ʃɑːˈ-, ˌnjuːʃəˈ-, ˌnʊʃɑːˈ-/,[3][4][5] French: [nøʃɑtɛl] Neuchâtel
( listen); Francoprovençal: Nôchâtél; both from Old Municipality in Switzerland
French: neu(f) "new" and chatel "castle"; German:
Neuenburg [ˈnɔʏənˌbʊrɡ] ( listen); Romansh:
Neuchâtel or Neufchâtel; outdated Italian:
Neocastello or Castelnuovo)[note 1] is a town, a
municipality, and the capital of the Swiss canton of
Neuchâtel on Lake Neuchâtel.

The city has approximately 34,000 inhabitants

(80,000 in the metropolitan area).[6] The city is
sometimes referred to historically by the German
name Neuenburg, which has the same meaning. It
Neuchâtel in 2001
was originally part of the Kingdom of Burgundy,
then part of the Holy Roman Empire and later
under Prussian control from 1707 until 1848, with
an interruption during the Napoleonic Wars from
1802 to 1814. In 1848, Neuchâtel became a republic
and a canton of Switzerland. Coat of arms

The official language of Neuchâtel is French. Location of Neuchâtel

Neuchâtel is a pilot of the Council of Europe and the
European Commission Intercultural Cities
programme.

Contents
History
Prehistory
Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMap
Antiquity
Middle Ages
Early modern era
Modern Neuchâtel
Corcelles-Cormondrèche
Peseux
Valangin
Geography and climate
Geography Show map of Switzerland
Climate Show map of Canton of Neuchâtel

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Show all
Politics
Coordinates: 47°0′N 6°56′E
Coat of arms
Administrative divisions Country Switzerland
Government Canton Neuchâtel
Parliament Government
Elections • Executive Conseil communal CC
National Council with 5 members
• Mayor le Président du Conseil
International relations communal (list)
Twin towns – Sister cities Fabio
Namesakes Bongiovanni FDP/PRD/PLR
(as of January 2017)
Demographics • Parliament Conseil général CG
Population with 41 members
Historical population
Area[1]
Language • Total 18.05 km2 (6.97 sq mi)
Religion
Elevation (railway 479 m (1,572 ft)
Crime station)
Economy Highest elevation 1,177 m (3,862 ft)
(Grand
Education Chaumont)
Transport Lowest elevation 434 m (1,424 ft)
(Port)
Sights
Heritage sites of national significance Population (2018-12-31)[2]
Architecture • Total 33,475
Museums • Density 1,900/km2 (4,800/sq mi)
Culture Demonym(s) French: Neuchâtelois(e)

Sport Time zone UTC+01:00 (Central

European Time)
Notable people
• Summer (DST) UTC+02:00 (Central
Gallery European Summer Time)
See also Postal code(s) 2000
Notes SFOS number 6458

References Localities La Coudre, Serrières,

Pierre-à-Bot, Gorges du
Further reading Seyon, Chaumont, Petit
Chaumont, Grand
External links
Chaumont
Surrounded by Auvernier, Boudry, Chabrey
(VD), Colombier, Cressier,
History Cudrefin (VD), Delley-
Portalban (FR), Enges,
Fenin-Vilars-Saules,
Prehistory Hauterive, Peseux, Saint-
Blaise, Savagnier, Valangin
The oldest traces of humans in the municipal area
are the remains of a Magdalenian hunting camp,

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which was dated to 13,000 BC. Twin towns Aarau (Switzerland),

It was discovered in 1990 Besançon (France),
during construction of the A5 Sansepolcro (Italy)
motorway at Monruz (La Website www.neuchatelville.ch (htt
Coudre). The site was about p://www.neuchatelville.ch)
5 m (16 ft) below the main SFSO statistics (http://www.
road. Around the fire pits media-stat.admin.ch/maps/
carved flints and bones were profile/profile.html?226.645
found. In addition to the flint 8.en.geoRefStandard)
and bone artifacts three tiny
Venus of Monruz, earrings from lignite were found. The earrings may have served as symbols of
dating to the end of fertility and represent the oldest known art in Switzerland. This first camp was
the Magdalenian used by Cro-Magnons to hunt horse and reindeer in the area. Azilian hunters
had a camp at the same site at about 11,000 BC. Since the climate had changed,
their prey was now deer and wild boar.

During the 19th century, traces of some stilt houses were found in Le Cret near the red church.
However, their location was not well documented and the site was lost. In 1999, during construction
of the lower station of the funicular railway, which connects the railway station and university, the
settlement was rediscovered. It was later determined to be a Cortaillod culture (middle Neolithic)
village. According to dendrochronological studies, some of the piles were from 3571 BC.[7]

A Hallstatt grave (early Iron Age) was found in the forest of Les Cadolles.

Antiquity

At Les Favarger a Gallo-Roman and at André Fontaine a small coin

depot were discovered. In 1908, an excavation at the mouth of
Serrière discovered Gallo-Roman baths from the 2nd and 3rd
Centuries AD.

Middle Ages

One of the most important Merovingian cemeteries in the canton

was discovered at Les Battieux in Serrières. In 1982, 38 graves
Rudolph and his sister Bertha in dating from the 7th century were excavated many of which
the pedigree of the Ottonian contained silver-inlaid or silver-plated belt buckles. Also in Serrières
dynasty, Chronica sancti at the church of Saint-Jean, the remains of a 7th-century shrine were
Pantaleonis, Cologne (13th excavated.[7]
century)
In 1011, Rudolph III of Burgundy presented a Novum castellum or
new castle (Old French neu, now neuf and Old French châtel, now
château, in antiquated German: Welschen Nüwenburg or Newenburg am See) on the lake shore to
his wife, Irmengarde. It was long assumed that this new castle replaced an older one, but nothing
about its location or design is known. At the time of this gift Neuchâtel was probably the center of a
newly created royal court, which was recently developed to complement the other royal estates which
managed western estates of the kings of Burgundy.[7]

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The first counts of Neuchâtel were named shortly afterwards, and in 1214 their domain was officially
dubbed a city.

Early modern era

For three centuries, the County of Neuchâtel

flourished, and in 1530, the people of Neuchâtel
accepted the Reformation, and their city and territory
were proclaimed to be indivisible from then on.
Future rulers were required to seek investiture from
the citizens.

With increasing power and prestige, Neuchâtel was

raised to the level of a principality at the beginning of
the 17th century. On the death in 1707 Marie
d'Orleans-Longueville, duchess de Nemours and Neuchâtel in 1645, showing the spires of
Princess of Neuchâtel, the people had to choose her Neuchâtel Castle
successor from among fifteen claimants. They wanted
their new prince first and foremost to be a Protestant,
and also to be strong enough to protect their territory but based far enough away to leave them to
their own devices. Louis XIV actively promoted the many French pretenders to the title, but the
Neuchâtelois people passed them over in favour of King Frederick I of Prussia, who claimed his
entitlement in a rather complicated fashion through the Houses of Orange and Nassau. With the
requisite stability assured, Neuchâtel entered its golden age, with commerce and industry (including
watchmaking and lace) and banking undergoing steady expansion.

Modern Neuchâtel

At the turn of the 19th century, the King of Prussia was defeated
by Napoleon I and was forced to give up Neuchâtel in order to
keep Hanover. Napoleon's field marshal, Berthier, became Prince
of Neuchâtel, building roads and restoring infrastructure, but
never actually setting foot in his domain. After the fall of
Napoleon, Frederick William III of Prussia reasserted his rights
by proposing that Neuchâtel be linked with the other Swiss
cantons (the better to exert influence over all of them). On
September 12, 1814, Neuchâtel became the capital of the 21st Aerial view (1949)
canton, but also remained a Prussian principality. It took a
bloodless revolution in the decades following for Neuchâtel to
shake off its princely past and declare itself, on March 1, 1848, a republic within the Swiss
Confederation.

Corcelles-Cormondrèche

Corcelles-Cormondrèche is first mentioned in 1092 as Curcellis. Around 1220 it was mentioned as

Cormundreschi.[8]

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Peseux

Peseux is first mentioned in 1195 as apud Pusoz though this comes from a 15th-century copy of an
earlier document. In 1278 it was mentioned as de Posoys.[9]

Valangin

Valangin is first mentioned in 1241 as de Valengiz.[10]

Geography and climate

Geography

On 1 January 2021 the former municipalities of Corcelles-

Cormondrèche, Peseux and Valangin merged into the
municipality of Neuchâtel.[11]

Neuchâtel has an area, as of 2009, of 18.1 square kilometers

(7.0 sq mi). Of this area, 1.84 km2 (0.71 sq mi) or 10.2% is
used for agricultural purposes, while 9.74 km2 (3.76 sq mi) or
53.8% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 6.42 km2
(2.48 sq mi) or 35.5% is settled (buildings or roads),
0.03 km2 (7.4 acres) or 0.2% is either rivers or lakes and
0.02 km2 (4.9 acres) or 0.1% is unproductive land.[12]

Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 2.2% of the

total area while housing and buildings made up 18.0% and
transportation infrastructure made up 10.1%. while parks,
green belts and sports fields made up 4.3%. Out of the
Map of town centre showing the evolution forested land, 51.8% of the total land area is heavily forested
of the shoreline and 2.0% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees.
Of the agricultural land, 1.4% is used for growing crops and
8.0% is pastures. All the water in the municipality is in
lakes.[12]

The city is located on the northwestern shore of Lake Neuchâtel (French: Lac de Neuchâtel, German:
Neuenburgersee), a few kilometers east of Peseux and west of Saint-Blaise. Above Neuchâtel, roads
and train tracks rise steeply into the folds and ridges of the Jura range – known within the canton as
the Montagnes Neuchâteloises. Like the continuation of the mountains on either side, this is wild and
hilly country, not exactly mountainous compared with the high Alps further south but still
characterized by remote, windswept settlements and deep, rugged valleys. It is also the heartland of
the celebrated Swiss watchmaking industry, centered on the once-famous towns of La Chaux-de-
Fonds and Le Locle, which both rely heavily on their horological past to draw in visitors. The river
Doubs marks for a part the border with France, set down in a gorge and forming along its path an
impressive waterfall, the Saut du Doubs, and lake, the Lac des Brenets.

The municipality was the capital of the district of Neuchâtel, until the district level was eliminated on

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1 January 2018.[13]

Climate
Climate data for Neuchâtel (1981-2010)

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Average 3.3 5.0 9.9 14.1 18.6 22.1 24.9 24.3 19.5 13.9 7.6 4.3
high °C (°F) (37.9) (41.0) (49.8) (57.4) (65.5) (71.8) (76.8) (75.7) (67.1) (57.0) (45.7) (39.7)

Daily mean 1.2 2.1 5.9 9.5 13.9 17.2 19.7 19.2 15.2 10.7 5.3 2.3
°C (°F) (34.2) (35.8) (42.6) (49.1) (57.0) (63.0) (67.5) (66.6) (59.4) (51.3) (41.5) (36.1)

Average low −0.7 −0.4 2.5 5.5 9.7 12.9 15.1 14.8 11.6 8.0 3.1 0.4
°C (°F) (30.7) (31.3) (36.5) (41.9) (49.5) (55.2) (59.2) (58.6) (52.9) (46.4) (37.6) (32.7)

Average
70 63 69 68 88 87 85 103 93 89 75 89
precipitation
(2.8) (2.5) (2.7) (2.7) (3.5) (3.4) (3.3) (4.1) (3.7) (3.5) (3.0) (3.5)
mm (inches)

Average
precipitation
9.9 9.3 9.9 9.7 11.9 10.6 9.9 10.0 8.6 10.4 9.7 10.4
days
(≥ 1.0 mm)

Average
relative 84.9 79.7 72.6 68.1 68.5 67.3 64.9 68.5 73.5 80.4 82.2 84.4
humidity (%)

Mean
monthly
45 81 137 165 185 208 238 221 166 99 57 39
sunshine
hours

Source: MeteoSwiss [14]

Politics

Coat of arms

The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Or, an Eagle displayed Sable beaked,
langued and membered Gules, escutcheon Or, on a pale Gules three Chevrons
Argent.[15]

Neuchâtel's Administrative divisions

coat of arms

Government

The Municipal Council (Conseil communal, CC) constitutes the executive government of the City
of Neuchâtel and operates as a collegiate authority. It is composed of five councillors (French:
Conseiller communal/ Conseillère communale), each presiding over administrational sections and
services comprising the related commissions. The president of the executive department acts as

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mayor (président(e)) and is nominated annually in a tournus by the collegiate itself. In the mandate
period January 2017 – June 2018 (l'année administrative) the Municipal Council is presided by
Monsieur le président Fabio Bongiovanni. Departmental tasks, coordination measures and
implementation of laws decreed by the General Council (parliament) are carried by the Municipal
Council. The regular election of the Municipal Council by any inhabitant valid to vote is held every
four years. Any resident of Neuchâtel allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the Municipal
Council. Due to the constitution by canton of Neuchâtel not only Swiss citizens have the right to vote
and elect and being elected on communal and cantonal level, but also foreigners with a residence in
the canton of Neuchâtel and being resident in the canton of Neuchâtel for at least 1 year for communal
elections and votes, and at least 5 years of residence in the canton for cantonal elections and votes.[16]
The current mandate period is from 1 January 2017 to 31 May 2018. The delegates are selected by
means of a system of proportional representation.[17]

As of 2017, Neuchâtel's Municipal Council is made up of two representatives of the PS/SP (Social
Democratic Party), two representatives of the PLR/FDP (Les Libéraux-Radicaux), and one member
of the PES/GPS (Green Party), giving the left parties a majority of three out of five seats. The last
regular election was held on 27 November 2016.[17]

Le Conseil communal (CC) of Neuchâtel[17]

Municipal Councilor
(Conseiller communal/ Elected
Party Head of section (Directeur/Directrice de, since) of
Conseillère since
communale)

Finances, Human Resources, and Social Actions (des

Fabio Bongiovanni[CC 1] PLR Finances, des Ressources humaines et de l'action sociale, 2013
2013)

Urban Development, Economy, and Environmental

Olivier Arni[CC 2] PS Sustainability (de l'Urbanisme, de l'Economie et de 2009
l'Environnement, 2009)

Culture, Sports, Tourism (la culture, des sports et du

Thomas Facchinetti PS 2012
tourisme, 2012)

Security, Civil Engineering and Construction and Energy,

Voilaine Bletry-de- Development of the agglomeration (la Sécurité, des
PLR 2016
Montmollin Infrastructures et Energies, et du Développement de
l'agglomération, 2017)

Education, Health, and Transport (de l'éducation, de la santé

Christine Gaillard Les Verts 2011
et de la mobilité, 2011)

1. Mayor (président) for one administrative year

2. Vice-Mayor (vice-président) for one administrative year

Rémy Voirol is Town Chancellor (chancelier) since 1993, and Bertrand Cottier is Deputy Town
Chancellor (vice-chancelier) since 2005 for the City Council.

Parliament

The General Council (Conseil général, CG), the city parliament, holds legislative power. It is made
up of 41 members, with elections held every four years. The General Council decrees regulations and

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by-laws that are executed by the Municipal Council and the

administration. The delegates are selected by means of a system of
proportional representation.

The sessions of the General Council are public. Unlike members of

the Municipal Council, members of the General Council are not
politicians by profession, and they are paid a fee based on their
attendance. Any resident of Neuchâtel allowed to vote can be elected
as a member of the General Council. Due to the constitution of the
canton of Neuchâtel not only Swiss citizen have the right to vote and
elect and be elected on the communal level, but also foreigners in the
canton of Neuchâtel having been resident in the canton of Neuchâtel
for at least one year for communal elections and votes, and at least The Conseil général (CG)
five years of residence in the canton for cantonal elections and of Neuchâtel for the
votes.[16] The CG holds its meetings in the Town Hall (L'Hôtel de mandate period of 2017–20
Ville), in the old city on Rue de l'Hôtel de Ville.[18]
POP/PdA (2.4%)
The last regular election of the General Council was held on 27 solidaritéS (7.3%)
November 2016 for the mandate period (la législature) from 1 PS (31.7%)
January 2017 to 31 December 2020. Currently the General Council Les Verts, Ecologie et Liberté
consist of 13 members of The Liberals (PLR/FDP), 13 Social (17.1%)
Democratic Party (PS/SP), 7 Les Verts, Ecologie et Liberté members pvl (7.3%)
(an alliance of the Green Party (PES/GPS) and others), 3 members PDC (2.4%)
of the Green Liberals (pvl/glp), 3 members of the left party PLR (31.7%)
solidaritéS, and one each of the two parties Swiss Party of Labour
(PST-POP/PdA) (Parti Suisse du Travail - Parti Ouvrier et
Populaire) and of the Christian Democratic People's Party (PDC/CVP).[18]

Elections

National Council

In the 2015 federal election the most popular party was the PS which received 29.3% of the vote. The
next four most popular parties were the PLR (22.8%), the UDC (13.6%), the Green Party (12.1%), and
the Swiss Party of Labour (10.1%). In the federal election, a total of 8,136 voters were cast, and the
voter turnout was 41.4%.[19]

International relations
Neuchâtel is a pilot city of the Council of Europe and the European Commission Intercultural
cities programme.[20]

Twin towns – Sister cities

Neuchâtel is twinned with:

Aarau, Switzerland

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Besançon, France
Sansepolcro, Italy

Namesakes

Neuchâtel was part of the 1998 summit of worldwide cities named "New Castle" with:

Neuburg an der Donau, Germany New Castle, Pennsylvania, USA

Neuchâtel, Switzerland Newcastle-under-Lyme, England
Neufchâteau, Vosges, France Newcastle upon Tyne, England
New Castle, Delaware, USA Newcastle, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
New Castle, Indiana, USA Shinshiro, Japan

Demographics

Population

Neuchâtel has a population (as of December 2019) of 44,588.[21] As of 2008, 32.1% of the population
are resident foreign nationals.[22] Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a
rate of 3.9%. It has changed at a rate of 2.4% due to migration and at a rate of 1% due to births and
deaths.[23]

As of 2008, the population was 47.7% male and 52.3% female. The population was made up of 10,371
Swiss men (31.5% of the population) and 5,344 (16.2%) non-Swiss men. There were 12,366 Swiss
women (37.5%) and 4,892 (14.8%) non-Swiss women.[24] Of the population in the municipality, 8,558
or about 26.0% were born in Neuchâtel and lived there in 2000. There were 5,134 or 15.6% who were
born in the same canton, while 7,744 or 23.5% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 10,349
or 31.4% were born outside of Switzerland.[25]

As of 2000, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 19.3% of the population, while adults
(20–64 years old) make up 63.1% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 17.6%.[23]

As of 2000, there were 14,143 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There
were 14,137 married individuals, 2,186 widows or widowers and 2,448 individuals who are
divorced.[25]

As of 2000, there were 15,937 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2. persons
per household.[23] There were 7,348 households that consist of only one person and 547 households
with five or more people. In 2000, a total of 15,447 apartments (89.9% of the total) were permanently
occupied, while 1,429 apartments (8.3%) were seasonally occupied and 311 apartments (1.8%) were
empty.[26] As of 2009, the construction rate of new housing units was 2.5 new units per 1000
residents.[23]

As of 2003 the average price to rent an average apartment in Neuchâtel was 921.35 Swiss francs
(CHF) per month (US$740, £410, €590 approx. exchange rate from 2003). The average rate for a
one-room apartment was 451.40 CHF (US$360, £200, €290), a two-room apartment was about

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675.66 CHF (US$540, £300, €430), a three-room apartment was about 825.15 CHF (US$660, £370,
€530) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 1647.88 CHF (US$1320, £740, €1050).
The average apartment price in Neuchâtel was 82.6% of the national average of 1116 CHF.[27] The
vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010, was 0.53%.[23]

Historical population

The historical population is given in the following chart:[7]

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Historical Population Data [7]

No
Total French German
Year Protestant Catholic Other Jewish Islamic religion Swiss
Population Speaking Speaking
given

1850 7,901 7,098 789 7,068

1870 12,934 11,012 2,327 11,306

1888 16,565 11,511 4,651 13,973 2,387 143 94 14,447

1900 21,195 15,566 4,596 17,548 3,500 232 80 18,108

1910 24,171 17,543 5,161 19,750 3,944 476 111 20,625

1930 22,668 17,027 4,612 18,615 3,638 306 63 20,640

1950 27,998 21,897 4,784 21,439 5,891 308 58 26,307

1970 38,784 26,200 5,117 21,882 15,262 2,352 59 76 791 30,012

1990 33,579 24,579 2,467 13,198 13,305 4,462 55 481 5,634 24,250

2000 32,914 25,881 1,845 10,296 10,809 3,767 58 1,723 7,549 22,801

Language

Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks French (25,881 or 78.6%) as their first language, German
is the second most common (1,845 or 5.6%) and Italian is the third (1,421 or 4.3%). There are about
six people who speak Romansh.[25]

Religion

Neuchâtel was historically Protestant, but Catholics have since formed a plurality due to immigration.
From the 2000 census, 10,809 or 32.8% were Roman Catholic, while 9,443 or 28.7% belonged to the
Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 374 members of an Orthodox
church (or about 1.14% of the population), there were 80 individuals (or about 0.24% of the
population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 1,756 individuals (or
about 5.34% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 58 individuals
(or about 0.18% of the population) who were Jewish, and 1,723 (or about 5.23% of the population)
who were Muslim. There were 99 individuals who were Buddhist, 100 individuals who were Hindu
and 59 individuals who belonged to another church. 7,549 (or about 22.94% of the population)
belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 1,717 individuals (or about 5.22% of the
population) did not answer the question.[25]

Crime

In 2014 the crime rate, of crimes listed in the Swiss Criminal Code, in Neuchâtel was 140.4 per
thousand residents. During the same period, the rate of drug crimes was 16.3 per thousand residents.
The rate of violations of immigration, visa and work permit laws was 5.7 per thousand residents.[28]

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Economy
Renowned for its watch industry, Neuchâtel has been able to position itself as the heart of micro-
technology and high-tech industry. During the last 20 years, the Neuchâtel area has attracted many
leading companies in the high-tech sectors such as medical technology, micro technology,
biotechnology, machines & equipment, IT and clean technologies.

Neuchâtel is home to research centres and well-known organizations such as Swiss Center for
Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM),[29] Microcity innovation pole,[30] University of applied
Sciences HE-Arc in Engineering [31] and also Philip Morris International's Cube.[32] The apparel
company heidi.com also established its headquarters in the city.

As of 2010, Neuchâtel had an unemployment rate of 7.5%. As of 2008, there were 46 people
employed in the primary economic sector and about 14 businesses involved in this sector. 5,658
people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 261 businesses in this sector. 20,472
people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 1,955 businesses in this sector.[23] There were
16,353 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up
45.4% of the workforce.

In 2008 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 21,624. The number of jobs in the primary
sector was 38, of which 20 were in agriculture and 18 were in forestry or lumber production. The
number of jobs in the secondary sector was 5,433 of which 4,234 or (77.9%) were in manufacturing, 9
or (0.2%) were in mining and 1,022 (18.8%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary
sector was 16,153. In the tertiary sector; 2,397 or 14.8% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair
of motor vehicles, 796 or 4.9% were in the movement and storage of goods, 919 or 5.7% were in a
hotel or restaurant, 766 or 4.7% were in the information industry, 1,077 or 6.7% were the insurance or
financial industry, 1,897 or 11.7% were technical professionals or scientists, 1,981 or 12.3% were in
education and 2,633 or 16.3% were in health care.[33]

In 2000, there were 15,535 workers who commuted into the municipality and 6,056 workers who
commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 2.6 workers entering the
municipality for every one leaving.[34] Of the working population, 33.7% used public transportation to
get to work, and 43.4% used a private car.[23]

Education
Neuchâtel is home to the French-speaking University of
Neuchâtel. The university has five faculties (schools) and more
than a dozen institutes, including arts and human sciences,
natural sciences, law, economics and theology. For the
2005–2006 academic year, 3,595 students (1,987 women and
1,608 men) were enrolled. The Faculty of Arts and Human
Sciences is the largest school of those that comprise the university
of Neuchâtel with 1,500 students. Some courses at the University
are taught in English.
University of Neuchâtel
Neuchâtel is home to 8 libraries. These libraries include: the
Bibliothèque de la Faculté des Lettres, the Bibliothèque de
l'Institut d'ethnologie et du Musée d'ethnographie, the

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Bibliothèque de la Faculté des Sciences, the Bibliothèque de droit, the Bibliothèque des sciences
économiques, the Bibliothèque de la Faculté de théologie, the Service de coordination des
bibliothèques and the Haute école Arc - Santé. There was a combined total (as of 2008) of 736,773
books or other media in the libraries, and in the same year a total of 58,427 items were loaned out.[35]

In Neuchâtel about 11,076 or (33.7%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper
secondary education, and 5,948 or (18.1%) have completed additional higher education (either
university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 5,948 who completed tertiary schooling, 43.6% were Swiss
men, 28.4% were Swiss women, 16.4% were non-Swiss men and 11.6% were non-Swiss women.[25]

In the canton of Neuchâtel most municipalities provide two years of non-mandatory kindergarten,
followed by five years of mandatory primary education. The next four years of mandatory secondary
education is provided at thirteen larger secondary schools, which many students travel out of their
home municipality to attend.[36] During the 2010–11 school year, there were 27 kindergarten classes
with a total of 527 students in Neuchâtel. In the same year, there were 78 primary classes with a total
of 1,424 students.[37] Secondary schools include the Lycée Jean-Piaget.

Apart from one International Montessori school for kids up to age 11 offering an English and a French
class there is no international school in Neuchâtel. Neuchâtel Junior College was founded in 1956 as a
non-profit foundation of the Ville de Neuchâtel to provide a unique international education.
Neuchâtel Junior College is a one-year school annually welcoming over 100 students in their final
pre-university year to study the Ontario Grade 12 curriculum as well as Advanced Placement.

As of 2000, there were 3,859 students in Neuchâtel who came from another municipality, while 346
residents attended schools outside the municipality.[34]

Transport
Neuchâtel has local public transport provided by Les
Transports Publics du Littoral Neuchâtelois (TN), which
operates the extensive Neuchâtel trolleybus system, a
funicular, and an interurban light rail line to Boudry. The total
length of the TN network is 81.2 km (50.5 mi). It serves
78,400 people (more than half using it on a daily basis) and in
2007 transported 17,670,000 travelers.[38]
Neuchâtel railway station forms part of one of Switzerland's
most important railway lines, the Jura foot railway (Olten–
Genève-Aéroport), which is operated by the Swiss Federal Trolleybus of the Les Transports
Railways. The station is also a junction for several other lines, Publics du Littoral Neuchâtelois
including a cross-border line served by the TGV (High Speed
Train), with direct trains linking Neuchâtel to Paris in four
hours.
Neuchâtel's airport is about 6 km (3.7 mi) away from the center of the city and it takes 9 minutes
to get into town with the direct tramway. It is a small airport that does not offer commercial flights.
Neuchâtel is also linked to four international airports: Bern, Geneva, Basel and Zürich which are
respectively 58 km (36 mi), 122 km (76 mi), 131 km (81 mi) and 153 km (95 mi) away by car.
Geneva and Zürich airports both have direct trains to Neuchâtel, connecting the cities respectively
in 1h 17min and 1h 49min.[39]
Three funiculars serve the city:

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The Funambule, linking the lower part of the town, near the University, to the railway station
The Funiculaire Ecluse Plan[40]
The Funiculaire La Coudre Chaumont[41]
The Société de Navigation sur les Lacs de Neuchâtel et Morat SA is the boat company which
serves 17 towns on Lake Neuchâtel, 6 towns on Lake Murten and 7 towns on Lake Bienne from
6:30am to 9pm. Some boats offer free wireless internet connections.[42]

Sights

Heritage sites of national significance

There are 34 sites in Neuchâtel that are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance. The entire
old city of Neuchâtel, the urban village of Corcelles the small city of Valangin, the Bussy/Le Sorgereux
region and the La Borcarderie region are part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.[43]

Archeological sites: Paleolithic settlement at Monruz

Site of the
Paleolithic
settlement at
Monruz

Churches: Abbey of Fontaine-André, Collegiate Church of Neuchâtel et cénotaphe, Notre-Dame

Church, Valangin Collégiale

Abbaye de fontaine Collegiate Church of Notre-Dame Church Valangin Collegiate

André Neuchâtel church

Houses: Maison des Halles, Maison at Rue du Pommier 7, Maison at Rue du Pommier 8 or Rue

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du Château 19, Maison at Rue du Pommier 9, Villa James de Pury with an annex decorated with
frescos by Hans Erni

Maison des Halles Maison at Rue du Maison at Rue du Maison at Rue du

Pommier 7 Pommier 8 Pommier 9

Wrought iron work

above the entrance
into Villa James de
Pury

Libraries and Museums: Bibliothèque des Pasteurs de Neuchâtel, Galeries de l‘Histoire, Musée
d'Art et d'Histoire, Musée d‘ethnographie, Musée d‘histoire naturelle

Bibliothèque des Galeries de l'histoire Automatons at the Musée

Pasteurs de à Neuchâtel Musée d‘art et d‘ethnographie
Neuchâtel d‘histoire de
Neuchâtel

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Musée d'histoire
naturelle

Schools: Collège Latin

Public Buildings and Structures: Neuchâtel Castle and archives, Fountain of Justice, Fountain at
place de l‘Hôtel de Ville, Fountain at rue des Moulins, Fountain at rue du Château, Banneret
Fountain, Griffon Fountain, Lion Fountain, Neubourg Fountain, City Fortification, Grande
Rochette, City Hall, Hôtel Du Peyrou, Cantonal Observatory at Rue de l‘Observatoire 52, Parc de
la Petite Rochette, Poste at Place Numa-Droz 2, Prison tower and former prison at Rue Jehanne-
de-Hochberg 3 and Valangin Castle.

Castle of Neuchâtel Fountain de la Fountain de la place Fountain de la rue

Justice de l‘Hôtel de Ville des Moulins

Fountain de la rue Fountain du Fountain du Griffon Fountain du Lion

du Château Banneret

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Fountain du City Fortifications Grande Rochette Town Hall

Neubourg

Hôtel du Peyrou Cantonal Gate to Petite Main Post Building

Observatory Rochette

Prison Tower Valangin Castle

Architecture

Neuchâtel's Old Town is attractive, with about 140 street fountains, a handful of which date from the
16th century. The Place des Halles is overlooked by fine Louis XIV architecture – shuttered façades
and the turreted orioles of the 16th-century Maison des Halles. A two-minute walk east, on Rue de
l’Hôpital, is the grand 1790 Hôtel de Ville (Town Hall), designed by Louis XVI's chief architect Pierre-
Adrien Paris.

The center of the Old Town are located at the top of the hill, accessed by the steeply winding Rue du
Château. The Collégiale church, begun in 1185 and consecrated in 1276, is a graceful example of early
Gothic. The east end of the church, has three Norman apses. The main entrance, to the west, is
crowned by a giant rose window of stained glass. Within the vaulted interior, the transept is lit by a

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lantern tower. The unique Cenotaph of the Counts of Neuchâtel is

located on the north wall of the choir. Begun in 1372, and the only
artwork of its kind to survive north of the Alps, the monument comprises
fifteen near-life-size painted statues of various knights and ladies from
Neuchâtel's past, framed by 15th-century arches and gables. Beside the
church is the Castle, begun in the 12th century and still in use as the
offices of the cantonal government. The nearby turreted Prison Tower,
which is the remains of a medieval bastion, has panoramic views over
the town, along with interesting models of Neuchâtel in different eras.

Museums

Neuchâtel has several museums, including the Laténium, an archeology

museum focusing on the prehistorical times in the region of Neuchâtel Some of the statues in the
and Hauterive, particularly the La Tène culture, with the eponym site Cenotaph of the Counts of
being a few kilometers away; the MEN, an ethnography museum; The Neuchâtel
flagship Musée d’Art et d’Histoire, Esplanade Léopold-Robert, and its
star attractions, the Automates Jaquet-Droz (Jaquet-Droz
Mechanical Figurines) are also notable. The CAN - Centre d'art
Neuchâtel (https://web.archive.org/web/20121115120715/http://
www.can.ch/spip.php?rubrique17)[44] shows contemporary art
and has featured shows by Olivier Mosset, Jonathan Monk, and
Steven Parrino.

The ground floor is devoted to the historical collections, with

rooms on the history of Neuchâtel. Upstairs are the rooms
devoted to fine art, which have been organized radically Park and Museum of the Laténium
differently from most other museums. Instead of displaying museum
works by period, or artist, or genre, the collection is grouped by
theme, with the various rooms labelled Nature, Civilization, The
Sacred, and so on. In each room you can climb podia – each one
hung all round with paintings – in order to get a better view of the
works hung high on the four walls.

In a room at the rear of the ground floor the Automates Jaquet-

Droz are displayed. The Automates are three mechanical figurines
built to the most exacting technical standards by a Neuchâtelois
watchmaker in the 1770s and still in perfect working order today.
The three – the Draughtsman, the Writer and the Musician – are
displayed static behind glass. The Draughtsman is a child sitting
at a mahogany desk and holding a piece of paper with his left
hand; his right hand, holding a pencil, performs extraordinarily Jaquet-Droz mechanical figurine at
complex motions to produce intricate little pictures of a dog, the the musée d'Art et d'Histoire
god Eros in a chariot pulled by a butterfly, or a noble profile of
Louis XV. The Writer, a chubby-cheeked little boy, also sits at a
mahogany desk, with a goose quill in his right hand and a tiny pot of ink nearby for dipping. He writes
in a florid and chunky style, and staggeringly enough, can even be programmed to produce any text of
up to forty characters. While he writes, his eyes follow the words across the page. But perhaps the
most charming of the three is the Musician, a gracious young girl with slender and dextrous fingers

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who plays a small organ – a real instrument, not a disguised musical-box. As her fingers strike the
keys to produce the notes and her eyes, head and body move subtly from side to side in time, her chest
rises and falls delicately in an imitation of rhythmic breathing. Her melodies were composed in the
early 1770s by Henri-Louis Jaquet-Droz.

Pierre Jaquet-Droz (1721–90) was born in La Chaux-de-Fonds into a venerable and wealthy local
family. After studying theology at university, he returned to Neuchâtel – by then already a centre for
clock and watchmaking – and worked to combine his interest in mathematics with the skills of
applied mechanics used by the artisans of the watch industry. By the age of 26, Jaquet-Droz had
gained a reputation for technical brilliance, and in 1758 he and his father-in-law, a craftsman named
Abram Sandoz, travelled to Madrid to show off the skill of Neuchâtelois clockmakers at the Spanish
court (Jaquet-Droz's so-called “Shepherd’s Clock” is still on display in one of the King of Spain's
palace museums).

Jaquet-Droz was by now wealthy enough to retreat from business life and concentrate on problems of
applied mathematics, exemplified in his construction of incredibly complex mechanical figurines –
the earliest of computers – designed to do particular tasks. He trained his son, Henri-Louis, and a
colleague, Jean-Frédéric Leschot, to work with him; together, they produced the Writer, the
Draughtsman and the Musician, and presented all three for the first time to the public in La Chaux-
de-Fonds in 1774. Writers of the day reported that people flocked from all over the country to see such
extraordinary works of whimsy and technical skill. The same year, the three craftsmen showed their
figurines in drawing rooms and royal palaces all across Europe, from London to Russia and Paris to
Madrid, receiving high acclaim wherever they went. Perhaps aware of impending revolutionary
violence in France and Switzerland, Jaquet-Droz sold the figurines to a collector in Spain in 1778.
After the conflicts, in 1812, they reappeared in Paris and began touring again. Some twenty years
later, they became the centrepiece of Martin and Bourquin's “Museum of Illusions”, which toured
Central Europe until the turn of the 20th century. In 1906, helped by a grant from the Swiss federal
government, Neuchâtel bought the figurines back, and they have been on display in the town's
museum ever since, in virtually the same condition as when they were first made, almost 230 years
ago.

Culture

During the summer of 2002, Neuchâtel was one of five sites

which held Expo.02, the sixth Swiss national exhibition, which
was subject to financial controversy. The Neuchâtel International
Fantastic Film Festival is held every year to celebrate fantastic
cinema from around the world. The festival of the Fête des
Vendanges, representing the wine harvest, is held traditionally in
late September.[45]\

Sport National Exposition of 2002

Neuchâtel Xamax is the most important football club based in

Neuchâtel. It was created in 1970 through a merger between FC Cantonal (1906) and FC Xamax
(1916). The club plays in Swiss Super League, the highest Swiss football league. The club plays its
home matches at the Stade de la Maladière.

HC Uni Neuchâtel plays in the MySports League, the third tier of the Swiss hockey league system.

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Their home games are held in the 7,000-seat Littoral.

Union Neuchâtel Basket is the city's top basketball team, which

plays in the Championnat LNA, Switzerland's only professional
basketball league.

Notable people
William Ritter, Jean Piaget, Marcel Junod, Robert Miles and Yves
Stade de la Maladière
Larock were all born in Neuchâtel. Friedrich Dürrenmatt lived in
Neuchâtel the last 30 years of his life. Prens Sabahaddin, was an
Ottoman sociologist and thinker of the Ottoman dynasty, lived in
Neuchâtel the last 25 years of his life. Canadian illustrator John Howe, well known for his illustrations
of J. R. R. Tolkien's work and his participation in Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings trilogy as
chief conceptual designer, also lives in the Swiss city. It was also the site of a secret first meeting
between French novelist Honoré de Balzac and the married woman who later became his wife,
Eveline Hanska.[46]

Roger Schutz, founder of the Taizé Community in France, was

born on 12 May 1915 at the village of Provence near Neuchâtel. He
was stabbed to death on 16 August 2005 by a mentally deranged
woman during a prayer meeting in Taizé's Church of
Reconciliation.

The de Pury family, a Prussian noble family, is from Neuchâtel.

Swiss merchant and philanthropist David de Pury, a native of
Neuchâtel, left a large fortune to the city for public works and
charities. His relative, James-Ferdinand de Pury, also a merchant
and philanthropist, bequest his villa to house the town's
ethnography museum. Other members of the family who were
born or resided in the town include explorer and colonist Jean-
Pierre Pury, winemaker and diplomat Frédéric Guillaume de
Pury, painter Edmond Jean de Pury, and biblical scholar Albert
de Pury.
Bronze statue of the David de Pury,
Baron de Pury in Neuchâtel, The de Castello family, a French noble family, including
sculpted by David d'Angers. winemakers Hubert de Castella and Paul de Castella, is from
Neuchâtel.

The psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Silvio Fanti was born in

Neuchâtel in 1919. He founded and developed Micropsychoanalysis, a new school of psychoanalysis.
Another important psychiatrist, Gottlieb Burckhardt, practiced in Neuchâtel.

François Bigot, the last Intendant of New France, relocated to Neuchâtel after exile from France.

It is also the current residence of French tennis players Richard Gasquet, Gilles Simon and Florent
Serra, and of the Mexican Formula 1 driver Sergio Pérez.

Abraham Louis Breguet, the founder of the Breguet watch company and an esteemed inventor, often
regarded as the father of modern horology.

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Gallery

Lake Neuchâtel, The statue of the The collegiale by The collegiale by

seen from the castle justice fountain night night, north view

Littorail train at Aerial view of Ballot box used to

Neuchâtel Neuchâtel and Lake elect members of
Neuchâtel, looking the Grand Conseil of
to the north-east. the city of
Neuchâtel. Made
during the 18th
century, used until
1848. Walnut and
brass.

See also
L'Express is published in Neuchâtel.

Notes
1. The city was also called Neuchâtel-outre-Joux ("Neuchâtel beyond Joux") to distinguish it from
another Neuchâtel in Burgundy, now Neuchâtel-Urtière.

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Further reading

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Neuchâtel - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuchâtel

"Neuchâtel" (https://archive.org/stream/switzerlandwith00firgoog#page/n272/mode/2up).
Switzerland. Coblenz: Karl Baedeker. 1863.

External links
"Neuchâtel" (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Neuch%C3%A
2tel_(town)). Encyclopædia Britannica. 19 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 424.
City of Neuchâtel official website (https://web.archive.org/web/20071029121826/http://en.neuchat
elville.ch/)
(in French) Transports Publics du Littoral Neuchâtelois (https://web.archive.org/web/20170911212
858/http://tnneuchatel.ch/)
Museums
Archeology museum (http://www.latenium.ch/)
Ethnography museum (http://www.men.ch/)
Art and history museum (http://www.mahn.ch/)
Museum of natural history (http://www.museum-neuchatel.ch/)
Neuchâtel Tourism Office (http://www.neuchateltourism.ch/)
Neuchâtel Junior College (https://web.archive.org/web/20100524043231/http://www.njc.ch/home/)
Hotel Beaulac on Lake Neuchâtel (http://www.beaulac.ch/)

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