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Assignment 3

1. The document outlines assignments on ring and module theory. It contains 7 questions on topics like isomorphisms between direct sums, homomorphisms, free modules, and torsion elements. It also provides 5 additional exercises exploring concepts like simple modules, extending isomorphisms to free modules, and bases of free modules over commutative rings. 2. Students are asked to prove statements, find module isomorphisms, and demonstrate properties of objects like ideals, homomorphisms, and direct sums in the context of ring and module theory. 3. The total marks for the assignment are 30 and it is due on November 29, 2020 at 22:00 hrs.

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Pratheek
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
55 views

Assignment 3

1. The document outlines assignments on ring and module theory. It contains 7 questions on topics like isomorphisms between direct sums, homomorphisms, free modules, and torsion elements. It also provides 5 additional exercises exploring concepts like simple modules, extending isomorphisms to free modules, and bases of free modules over commutative rings. 2. Students are asked to prove statements, find module isomorphisms, and demonstrate properties of objects like ideals, homomorphisms, and direct sums in the context of ring and module theory. 3. The total marks for the assignment are 30 and it is due on November 29, 2020 at 22:00 hrs.

Uploaded by

Pratheek
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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M-302: RINGS AND MODULES

ASSIGNMENT - III

Total Marks: 30.


Due Date: November 29, 2020, 22:00 hrs.

All rings are non-zero rings with identity.


1. Let R be a commutative ring and M be an R-module. Prove that
HomR (R, M ) ∼
= M as R-modules. [4]
2. Let R be a ring, and let M1 , M2 , · · · , Ms be R-modules. Let Ni be a
submodule of Mi , for each i = 1, 2, · · · , s. Show that ⊕si=1 Ni is a submodule
of ⊕si=1 Mi and
⊕si=1 Mi / ⊕si=1 Ni ∼ = ⊕si=1 Mi /Ni
  

as R-modules. [4]
3. Let R be a ring, and let I be a left ideal of R. Then for every positive
integer n, show that
Rn /IRn ∼
= R/IR ⊕ · · · ⊕ R/IR (n − times)
as R-modules. Conclude that, if R is commutative then Rm ∼
= Rn (as R-
modules) if and only if m = n. [2 + 3 = 5]
4. Let I be a nilpotent ideal in a commutative ring R i.e. I n = (0)
for some integer n ≥ 1, M, N be R-modules and let φ : M −→ N be an
R-homomorphism. Show that if the induced map φ : M/IM −→ N/IN is
surjective, then φ is surjective. [4]
5. Let R be a commutative ring.
(i) Let M1 , M2 , · · · , Mt , N be R-modules. Then there is an R-module
isomorphism
HomR ⊕ti=1 Mi , N ∼ = ⊕ti=1 HomR (Mi , N ).


(ii) Let M, N1 , N2 , · · · , Ns be R-modules. Then there is an R-module


isomorphism
HomR M, ⊕si=1 Ni ∼ = ⊕si=1 HomR (M, Ni ).


(iii) Let F be a free R-module of finite rank n, and M be an R-module.


Prove that HomR (F, M ) ∼ = M ⊕ · · · ⊕ M (n-times) as R-modules.
[3 + 3 + 2 = 8].
1
6. Let R be a commutative ring, and let M, N be finite free R-modules.
Prove that HomR (M, N ) is a finite free R-module by producing an explicit
basis. [5]

Additional Exercises.

1. Let R be an integral domain, and M be an R-module. An element


m ∈ M is called a torsion element of M if there is 0 6= r ∈ R such that
rm = 0. Let T (M ) denotes the set of all torsion elements of M . If T (M ) =
{0}, we say that M is torsion-free, and if T (M ) = M , we say that M is a
torsion-module.
(i) Show that T (M ) is a submdoule of M ; and M/T (M ) is torsion-free.
If N is another R-module and φ : M −→ N is an R-module homomorphism,
then φ(T (M )) ⊆ T (N ).
(ii) Consider R2 as R[x]-module via the linear map T : R2 −→ R2 defined
by (u, v) 7→ (v, 0). Find AnnR[x] (R2 ). Show that that R2 is a torsion R[x]-
module.
(iii) If M be a finitely generated and if {x1 , x2 , · · · , xn } is a set of gener-
ators for the module M , then prove that

AnnR (M ) = AnnR (x1 ) ∩ AnnR (x2 ) ∩ · · · ∩ AnnR (xn )

where AnnR (xi ) := {r ∈ R : rxi = 0} is an ideal of R.


2. Let R be a commutative ring. An R-module M is called simple if
M 6= (0) and the only submodules of M are (0) and M . When R = Z, then
simple Z-modules are nothing but simple abelian groups.
(i) Let M, N be simple R-modules. Show that every non-zero R-module
homomorphism φ : M −→ N is an isomorphism.
(ii) An R-module M is simple if and only if M ∼
= R/m for some maximal
ideal m of R.
3. Let R be a ring, and let A, B be two non-empty sets. Let (FA , fA )
and (FB , fB ) be the free R-modules on the sets A and B respectively. Prove
that any bijection φ : A −→ B can be extended to a unique R-module
isomorphism Φ : FA −→ FB , i.e. Φ ◦ fA = fB ◦ φ.
2
4. Give an example to show that submodule of a free-module need not
be free.
5. Let R be a commutating ring, M be a free R-module with a basis
{ai : i ∈ Λ} and let I be an ideal of R. Let π : M −→ M/IM be the natural
R-module homomorphism. Show that M/IM is a free R/I-module with a
basis {π(ai ) : i ∈ Λ}.
6. Let R be a commutative ring, M be an R-module and let M1 , · · · , Mn
∼ n
Sn M = ⊕i=1 Mi . If Ai is a basis of Mi , for each
be submodules of M such that
1 ≤ i ≤ n, then show that i=1 Ai is a basis of M .
7. Let R be a commutative ring, and let M be a free R-module with
a basis {ai : i ∈ I}. Then for every R-module N , there is an R-module
isomorphism
HomR (M, N ) ∼
Y
= Ni
i∈I
where Ni = N, ∀i ∈ I.

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