Formats in Summarizing

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES
MELC 3: Uses various techniques in summarizing a variety of academic texts
FORMATS IN SUMMARIZING
1. Idea Heading Format
In this format, the summarized idea comes before the action.
2. Author-Heading Format
In this format, the summarized idea comes after the citation.
3. Date Heading Format
In this format, the summarized idea comes after the date when the material was
published.
Activity
Directions: Read each paragraph and identify the format of each summarization.
Choose your answer from the box below. Write only the letter of the correct answer.
a. Author Heading Format

b. Date Heading Format
c. Idea Heading Format
1. According to Jones (1998), APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time
learners. APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time learners.
Author Heading Format
2. Social media has given consumers the power to spread information to hundreds, if
not, thousands of people in a matter of second. People aged 18-35 reportedly spend
five days a year browsing food images on Instagram and Facebook (Storms 2014).
Idea Heading Format
3. On the other hand, active participation of the citizens in development contributes to a

sound and reasonable government decisions. In their 2004 study on the impact of
participatory development approach, Irvin and Stansbury argue that participants can
be valuable to the participants and the government in terms of the process and
outcomes of decision making.
Date Heading Format
4. Social media has given consumers the power to spread information to hundreds, if
not, thousands of people in a matter of second. People aged 18-35 reportedly spend
five days a year browsing food images on Instagram and Facebook (Storms 2014).
Idea Heading Format
5. Seltzer (1995) explored support in both the House and Senate for the 1938
introduction of the federal minimum wage law. He found variables representing small
business and low-wage workers decreased support for the bill, while ideology
(liberals for, conservatives against) was also important
Author Heading Format

MELC 4: States the thesis statement of an academic text
Every paper you write has a main point, a main idea or a central message. The argument(s)
you make in your paper reflect the main idea. The sentence that captures your position on
this main idea is what we call thesis statement.
A thesis statement is a sentence that makes an assertion about a topic and predicts how the
topic will be developed. It does not simply announce a topic: it says something about the
topic.
Example:
Good: X has made a significant impact on the teenage Population due to its…
Bad: In this paper, I will discuss X.
 A thesis statement makes a promise to the reader about the scope, purpose and
directions of the paper.
 A thesis summarizes the conclusion that the writer has reached about the topic.
 A thesis statement is generally located near the end of the introduction.
 A thesis statement is focused and specific enough to be proven within the boundaries
of the paper. Keywords should be specific, accurate, and indicative of the range of
research, thrust of the argument or analysis, and the organization of supporting
information.
Activity
Directions: Read the following statements very carefully. Select only one more
effective thesis in the introductory paragraph of a short essay. Keep in mind that an
effective thesis statement should be sharply focused and specific, not just a general
statement of fact. Write the letter of your answer in your answer sheet.
1. A. The Hunger Games is a science fiction adventure film based on the novel of the same
name by Suzanne Collins.
B. The Hunger Games is a morality tale about the dangers of a political system that is
dominated by the wealthy.
2. A. There is no question that cell phones have changed our lives in a very big way.
B. While cell phones provide freedom and mobility, they can also become a leash,
compelling users to answer them anywhere and at any time.
3. A. Finding a job is never easy, but it can be especially hard when the economy is still
feeling the effects of a recession and employers are reluctant to hire new workers.
B. College students looking for part-time work should begin their search by taking advantage
of job-finding resources on campus.
4. A. For the past three decades, coconut oil has been unjustly criticized as an artery-
clogging saturated fat.
B. Cooking oil is plant, animal, or synthetic fat that is used in frying, baking, and other types
of cooking.
5. A. There have been over 200 movies about Count Dracula, most of them only very loosely
based on the novel published by Bram Stoker in 1897.
B. Despite its title, Bram Stoker's Dracula, a film directed by Francis Ford Coppola, takes
considerable liberties with Stoker's novel.

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ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

MELC 3: Uses various techniques in summarizing a variety of academic texts

1. Idea Heading Format

In this format, the summarized idea comes before the action.

In this format, the summarized idea comes after the citation.

3. Date Heading Format

a. Author Heading Format

Author Heading Format

Idea Heading Format

3. On the other hand, active participation of the citizens in development contributes to a

Date Heading Format

Idea Heading Format

Author Heading Format

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