The Justice Centre Manitoba Constitutional Challenges
The Justice Centre Manitoba Constitutional Challenges
The Justice Centre Manitoba Constitutional Challenges
CI 20-01-29284
BETWEEN:
Applicants,
– and –
Respondents.
BETWEEN:
Applicants,
– and –
Respondents.
TO THE RESPONDENTS:
AND TO: Dr. Brent Roussin, Chief Public Health Officer of Manitoba
4003 – 300 Carlton St
Winnipeg, MB R3B 3M9
AND TO: Dr. Jazz Atwal, Acting Deputy Chief Medical Officer of Health of Manitoba
4003 – 300 Carlton St
Winnipeg, MB R3B 3M9
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APPLICATION
RELIEF SOUGHT
Constitutionality of ss. 13(1), 67(1), (2), (3) of the Public Health Act
b) A Declaration that sections 13(1), 67(1), 67(2), and 67(3) of The Public Health Act
C.C.S.M. c. P210 (the “Act”) are ultra vires as offending the unwritten
constitutional principle that only the Legislative Assembly can make laws of
general and universal application and that such law-making authority cannot be
delegated to medical officers of health or to individual Ministers;
c) A Declaration pursuant to section 52(1) of the Constitution Act, 1982 that sections
13(1), 67(1), 67(2), and 67(3) of The Public Health Act C.C.S.M. c. P210 (the
“Act”) are an unconstitutional delegation of legislative power and are ultra vires
as:
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individual Minister or their delegate to make laws of general and universal
application with no legislative oversight for an indefinite timeframe),
d) A Declaration pursuant to section 52(1) of the Constitution Act, 1982 that sections
13(1), 67(1), 67(2) and 67(3) of the “Act” have been utilized to violate the absolute
imperative in section 1 of the Charter that only reasonable state action that is
“prescribed by law as can be demonstrably justified in a free and democratic
society” can constitute an infringement of the Charter’s rights and freedoms;
e) A Declaration that the Orders 1(1), 2(1), 15(1),(3) of the November 21, 2020
Public Health Orders, Orders 1(1), 2(1), 16(1),(3) of the December 22, 2020
Public Health Orders, Orders 1(1), 2(1), 16(1),(3) of the January 8, 2021 Public
Health Orders, and subsequent orders of a substantially similar or identical nature
that prohibit or restrict gatherings at private residences, restrict public gatherings
and public expression, and restrict and close places of worship (the “Orders”)
November 21, 2020 Public Health Orders that prohibit gatherings at private
residences, restrict public gatherings and public expression, and restrict and
close businesses and places of worship (the “Orders”), do not meet the statutory
criteria set out on in section 3 of the Act (restrictions of rights and freedoms are
greater than are reasonably necessary in order to respond to the COVID-19
pandemic) and are therefore ultra vires the Act;
Charter Breaches
f) A Declaration pursuant to section 52(1) of the Constitution Act, 1982 that the
Orders infringe the Applicants’ constitutional rights and freedoms protected by the
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms as set out below:
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a. Section 2(a) freedom of religion, by prohibiting or restricting church
services, Bible studies, Bible camps, prayer meetings and public
ministry;
e. Section 7 liberty and security of the person, that the Orders are
arbitrary and jeopardize the liberty of religious officials for holding
religious services, and by regulating access to and from private
homes treating Manitobans as though they are criminals and on
house arrest;
g) A Declaration pursuant to section 52(1) of the Constitution Act, 1982, that the
Orders unjustifiably infringe the Applicants’ rights and freedoms which are
protected under sections 2(a) (freedom of conscience and religion)d, 2(b)
(freedom of expression), 2(c) (freedom of assembly), 7 (liberty and security of the
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person), and 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (“Charter”), and
therefore are of no force or effect;
h) A Declaration that the violations of the Applicants’ sections 2(a), 2(b), 2(c), 7, and
15 Charter rights as set out above are not justified under section 1 of the Charter;
i) In the alternative, a Declaration pursuant to section 24(1) of the Charter that the
Orders are unreasonable because they unjustifiably infringe:
j) A Declaration that the Orders pertaining to the restriction of religious services are
in direct contravention of section 176 of the Criminal Code, R.S.C., 1985, c. C-46,
and are therefore of no force or effect pursuant to the doctrine of paramountcy;
Other Relief
m) Such further and other relief as counsel may advise and as this Honourable Court
deems just and equitable.
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GROUNDS OF APPLICATION
2. The Applicants are applying for the relief set out above on the following grounds:
Foundational Principles
Constitutionality of ss. 13(1), 67(1), (2), (3) of the Public Health Act
a) The rule of law and the constitutional rights of Manitobans are not suspended by
the declaration of a public health crisis. The Constitution, both written and
unwritten, continues to apply to all legislation and government decisions, and
operates to protect the fundamental freedoms and civil rights of all Manitobans
notwithstanding the presence of an infectious illness;
d) The Respondent, Dr. Roussin, Chief Medical Health Officer of Manitoba, sub-
delegated his authority under the Act to make public health orders affecting all
Manitobans to the Respondent, Dr. Jazz Atwall, Medical Officer of Heath of
Manitoba, who has neither been elected by the citizens of Manitoba or appointed
by the health minister as the Chief Medical Health Officer;
e) Section 92 of the Constitution Act, 1867, explicitly outlines that the making of laws
is in the exclusive jurisdiction of the Legislature;
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Charter section 1 Analysis
f) The Orders are rules or laws of general and universal application which trample
the Charter rights of Manitobans and punish them for the peaceful and lawful
exercise of their fundamental constitutional rights and freedoms. The Orders are
therefore ultra vires and of no force or effect;
g) The Orders to date are inextricably linked with the diagnostic tool known as a
“Polymerase Chain Reaction” test (hereafter “PCR Test”). The COVID-19 PCR
tests as utilized by the Respondents are well known in the medical and scientific
community to produce unreliable and misleading data, such as a high percentage
of false positive test results, such that the Charter-infringing Orders based on the
results of these PCR tests cannot be justified; The Respondents rely on PCR
Tests despite knowing that PCR Tests as utilized by the Respondents result in
unreliable and misleading data;
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immunocompromised and elderly populations;
i) The Respondents have failed to provide any evidence that the restrictions on
worship, assembly, and expression are effective and/or necessary to prevent the
spread of COVID-19 and reduce mortality due to COVID-19;
j) Public health and safety protections may infringe Charter freedoms only to the
extent reasonably necessary in accordance with law in a free and democratic
society. There is nothing democratic about the Orders – they are issued without
Manitobans’ representatives considering and debating their profound and
devastating impact on constituents. Further, the Orders fail to minimize
interference with Charter rights of those vast portions of society which are not at
significant risk from COVID-19. The Respondents have failed or refused to show
that the vulnerable cannot be protected without the broad trampling of everyone
else’s Charter rights;
ii) The extent to which the restrictions are effective in reducing the spread of
COVID-19;
iii) Whether the restrictions are based on credible scientific evidence and
data;
l) The Applicants state that the vast harms from “locking down” society far outweigh
the harms caused by COVID-19, and include: cancelled surgeries and other
medical treatments and resultant hardship, suffering and in some cases death,
delayed medical diagnoses with similar consequences, deterioration of mental
health generally and especially in those who are most at risk for mental health
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issues, exponential increases in suicides, drug use and domestic abuse, severe
economic hardship for many but especially business owners and employees
subject to lay-offs, loss of social cohesion and familial and social relations, and
profound loss of enjoyment of civil liberties, including life and liberty;
o) The Respondents have failed or refused to provide evidence that the Orders will
or have reduced or prevented hospitalizations and deaths from COVID-19 in
Manitoba as a whole;
p) The Respondents have failed or refused to provide evidence that deaths from
COVID-19 cannot be prevented by alternative, mitigative measures such as
taking extra precautions to protect the immunocompromised and elderly
populations;
q) The number of COVID-19 deaths in Manitoba has been inaccurately inflated and
the resulting inaccurate figures used to justify the lockdowns;in a manner that will
be proven at the hearing of this matter;
t) The modelling data that the Respondents used to justify the Orders in April 2020
is flawed and unreliable;, and not updated prior to the drafting of these Orders;
u) The Applicants state that the Respondents have failed or refused to estimate the
potential years of life saved by these Orders, and weigh the results of those
conclusions against the loss of life and profound damage resulting from the
Orders;
v) The Applicants state that the Respondents have failed to provide evidence that
COVID-19 spreads more easily at churches than at liquor or big box stores, and
have thus discriminated against church-goers and pastors who are prohibited
from engaging in in-person worship while Manitobans can legally assemble in
similar numbers at such stores as would assemble at churches;
w) Due to the Orders, the Applicants have been unable to engage in the following:
c. Private home gatherings with friends and family who do not reside
at the home in violation of liberty and assembly;
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The Applicants
aa) The Applicant Grace Covenant Church is a Reformed Baptist church in Altona,
Manitoba. It was founded in September 2019. This Applicant has 23 members,
and between 60-70 regular attendees. Under the Respondents’ Orders, this
Applicant was instructed to close on November 21, 2020;
bb) The Applicant Gateway Bible Baptist Church is a Baptist church in Thompson,
Manitoba. It was founded on August 17, 2012 as an Independent Baptist Church,
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and it currently has 13 active members. Under the Respondents’ Orders, this
Applicant was instructed to close on November 21, 2020;
cc) The Applicant Slavic Baptist Church is an Evangelical Christian Baptist church in
Morden, Manitoba. It was founded on March 23, 2017, and has approximately 60
active members. Under the Respondents’ Orders, this Applicant was instructed to
close on November 21, 2020;
ee) The Applicant Bible Baptist Church is an Independent Baptist Church in Brandon,
Manitoba. It was founded in 1988 and has approximately 35 attendees. Under the
Respondent’s Orders, this Applicant was instructed to close on November 21,
2020;
ff) The aforesaid Applicant churches are herein referred to as the “Applicant
Churches”. The Applicant Churches state that the Orders are a breach of their
and their congregants’ rights of conscience, religion, expression, assembly and
equality as protected by sections 2(a), 2(b), 2(c), and 15 of the Charter;
gg) The Applicant Tobias Tissen is a Minister at the Church of God, which is located
near Steinbach, Manitoba. The church has approximately 140 members who
attend services on Sunday morning and evening, and on Wednesday evenings.
Under the Orders which closed the church, this Applicant is prohibited from
exercising his right to worship with the rest of his church congregation. This
Applicant states that these Orders are a breach of his rights of expression,
conscience, worship and assembly, in addition to his freedom of religion, which
are protected under sections 2(a), 2(b), 2(c) and 15 of the Charter. This Applicant
further states that the Orders that permit him to assemble indoors at liquor stores
and grocery stores but not worship at a church are discriminatory under section
15 of the Charter, and arbitrary in that they disproportionately and arbitrarily limit
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his right to security of the person as protected by section 7 of the Charter in a
manner that is not in accordance with the principles of fundamental justice;
ii) The Applicant Ross MacKay is a Winnipeg resident. He attended a peaceful Hugs
for Masks rally in Steinbach, Manitoba on November 14, 2020, and spoke at the
rally. On November 20, 2020, representatives of the Respondents served him at
his residence with a fine for violating the Orders. He also desires to both visit
friends and extended family and also have friends and extended family visit his
home but is prohibited from doing so by these Orders. This Applicant states that
these Orders are an oppressive and unjustified breach of his freedom of
expression and right to peacefully assemble which are protected under sections
2(b) and 2(c) of the Charter. He also states that the prohibition of home
gatherings in these Orders, in addition to being a draconian interference with
personal autonomy, is arbitrary in that it disproportionately limits his liberty and
security of the person as protected by section 7 of the Charter in a manner that is
not in accordance with the principles of fundamental justice;
jj) The Applicants state that the Respondents have failed to provide evidence that
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restaurants, churches and small businesses, which are deemed “non-essential”
and are negatively impacted by the Orders, pose a greater risk of facilitating the
spread of COVID-19 than liquor stores, big-box stores or drug stores, which are
deemed “essential” and permitted to stay open;
kk) The Applicants state that the Orders infringe their religious rights and rights of
conscience as protected under section 2(a) of the Charter by prohibiting churches
from opening and holding religious services, and prohibiting the gathering in
homes to worship and hold Bible studies, all of which is a gross, offensive and
outrageous overreach of state authority;
ll) The Applicants state that the Orders disproportionately target and discriminate
against houses of worship, religious services, and religious persons including the
Applicants, contrary to section 15 of the Charter;
mm)The Applicants state that the Orders cruelly and irrationally infringe freedom of
expression as protected by section 2(b) of the Charter by prohibiting singing,
preaching, and corporate prayer, as well as those rights of listeners who would
hear said expression. The Applicants state these infringements are gross
unconstitutional exercises of state authority, effected without sound scientific
evidence, and a deprivation of the citizenry of the joys of worship and praise and
general enjoyment of life;
nn) The Applicants state that the Orders interfere with peaceful assembly generally
as protected by 2(c) of the Charter and prevent protected citizen activities which
are necessary to inform the Respondents of the injustice of seek the redress of
public grievances, including the Orders, the lockdowns, and their resultant
suffering, contrary to all democratic imperatives;
oo) The Applicants state that the Orders interfere with the right to survive as an
independent and free citizen in a free and democratic society as guaranteed by
section 7 of the Charter by closing businesses and causing the loss of jobs,
resulting in a loss of the ability to provide for one’s self and one’s family, and
jeopardizing the future security of the person of the Applicants Lyle and Helen
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Neufeld, co-owners of the Applicant DJ’s Family Restaurant, all of which is a
profound breach of trust by the public officials entrusted with civil governance;
(j) such further and other materials as counsel may advise and this Honorable Court
may allow.
f) Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, ss. 1, 2(a), 2(b), 2(c), 7, and 15
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g) Criminal Code, R.S.C., 1985, c. C-46
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