Mughal Garden

MUGHAL GARDENS
TIME LINE
• Babur, the first Mughal -king, had gardens built in Lahore and Dholpur
BABUR • E.g., RAM BAGH, AGRA
1526-1530
HUMAYUN
• Humayun has not as such contributed much to the landscape architecture but he had built
1530-1543 PURANA QUILA , DELHI in which there are traces of landscape.
• Akbar built several gardens first in Delhi, then in Agra, eg, Humayuns tomb, Fatehpur sikhri
AKBAR
• These tended to be riverfront gardens rather than the fortress garden. Which influenced the
1556-1605 later Mughal garden architecture
• Jahangir, did not build as much, but he helped to lay out the famous Shalimar garden.
JAHANGIR
1605-1627
• Shah Jahan, marks the apex of Mughal garden architecture and floral design.
SHAH- JAHAN • Example, Shalimar(lahore), Taj mahal, Red fort, Nishat garden(kashmir).
1628-1658
• Aurangzeb has not developed much gardens except Chauburji.

AURANGZEB
1658-1707
INTRODUCTION
• Mughal gardens are a group of gardens built by the Mughals.
• This style was heavily influenced by the Persian
gardens, particularly the Charbagh structure.
• Significant use of rectilinear layouts are made within the
walled enclosures.
CHARBAGH
• These gardens are private and formal spaces.
• The basic structure consists of four quadrants divided
by
• waterways
• pathways.
• Traditionally, the rich used such gardens in work-related
functions
• These gardens balance structure with greenery.
• The plants are often placed at periphery of the pools or
Typical layout of
path. Mughal Garden
CLASSIFICATION
TERRACED GARDEN
 Mughal Gardens are generally
divided into 4 sections –
 Rectangular Pearl garden
 Long Butterfly garden
 Circular garden
 Terraced garden
CIRCULAR GARDEN
LONG BUTTERFLY GARDEN
DESIGN CONCEPT And philosophy
• Mughal gardens design derives primarily from
the Islamic garden, although there are influences
that come from the Persian and Timurid gardens
• The most important feature of Mughal garden is
Charbagh system.
• The Mughals were obsessed with symbol and
incorporated it into their gardens in many ways.
Symbols used in Mughal garden
Gardens influenced from Islamic gardens

• Quranic references to paradise were in the
architecture, layout, and in the choice of plant
life
• Numerological and zodiacal significances
connected to family history or cultural
significance, were often used.
• The numbers eight and nine were considered
auspicious by the Mughals and were found in
the terraces or in garden architecture E,g.
octagonal pools
• The design symbolizes 4 flowing rivers of
Paradise and reflects the gardens of Paradise
derived from the Persian paridaeza, meaning
walled garden
 Abundance with 4 rivers flowing from a central
spring or mountain, separating the garden into
north, south, east and west.
FEATURES
• Running water (perhaps the most important
element) and a pool to reflect the beauties of
sky and garden
• Flowers of different species were used for
beautification of gardens, the flowers are
chosen according to their depiction and belief
of life and death
• Significant use of rectilinear layouts are
made within the walled enclosures.
• Typical features include pools, fountains and
canals inside the garden.
•The garden might include a raised hillock at
the center, reminiscent of the mountain at the
center of the universe in cosmological
descriptions, and often surmounted by a
pavilion or palace
TAJ MAHAL:-
GARDEN CASE STUDY
•Built by- Shah Jahan
•According to Quran, garden is
symbolic of Paradise Garden divided into 4 parts.
• Further divided into 16 sections of flower beds
with raised pathways
•Symmetry and pattern can be seen in the
relationship between
• sunlight and shade
• plants and water
• light and dark tones
•Trees of Taj garden are
•Cyprus(signifying death)
•Or of the fruit bearing type (signifying life)
arranged in a Symmetrical pattern.
•Garden conjures up the Islamic concept of
heaven where rivers of water, milk, wine and
honey flows.
TOMB
WATER CHANNEL
GARDEN AREA
ENTRY GATE
• The Taj garden, the tomb building is placed at the farthest end.
• The tomb garden and subsidiary buildings are
• Enclosed by a broad wall with octagonal pavilions at each end.
• A monumental entrance gate in the centre of southern side.
• When the emperor built the Taj, the garden was full of trees
• fruit trees
• Cypress
• palm trees
• flowering trees.
• The flowers were not what we see today, but species of narcissus, iris, tulip and rose.
• It was conceived as garden of Eden or Bagh–i–adam with flowers, trees and water channels.
ELEVATED POOL
WATER CHANNEL
• The use of water is the most remarkable character of mughal garden.

• Shah jahan built a marble pool in the centre on north-south axis of the garden, to
reflect the perfection of Taj Mahal.
• From the central, elevated pool Haus–i- kaus, the water channels flow in four
directions dividing the garden at right angles into four.
• The inclination and level of the garden is carefully designed to keep the water
continuously flowing from Yamuna river behind the Taj.
• The formal garden is based on Char Bagh or four proportional garden plan.
TOMB
CENTRAL
MARBLE POOL RAISED PATHWAYS
DIVIDING GARDEN
INTO SECTIONS
WATER CHANNEL
FLOWER BEDS DEPICTING
FLOWING RIVER
AND DIVIDING
THE GARDEN INTO 4
PARTS
ENTRANCE
PLAN:- TAJ MAHAL

MUGHAL GARDEN
HUMAYUNS TOMB
COMSSIONED BY BEGA BEGUM IN 1569-1570 designed by Mirak Mirza Ghiyath
• The garden is divided into 36 squares by a

grid of water channels and paths.
• Divided initially into four large squares
separated by pathways and channels.
• Each square divided again into smaller
squares by pathways creating a charbagh.
• The channels bisect at right angles.
THE CONCEPT AND ITS EXECUTION
 The symbolism behind the charbagh is Fountain at the central axis
very strong it relates to life after death.
 The Quran describes paradise as a garden
of eternity with four rivers of water,
milk, wine and honey.
 The water in the channels is carried out
north, south, west and east.
 Meaning- Larger paradise gives away to
smaller ones.
 Eternal flowers, fruit, herbs, water and
birds added further character to the tomb
garden.
 The tomb rose like a cosmic mountain
above the four rivers.
Single rectangular bagh
Meeting point of all the channel

SITES OF MUGHAL GARDENS
• INDIA
1. HUMAYUN’S TOMB, DELHI
2. TAJ MAHAL, AGRA
3. RAM BAGH, AGRA
4. MEHTAB BAGH, AGRA HUMAYUN’S TOMB
5. SHALIMAR GARDENS, KASHMIR
6. YADVINDRA GARDENS, PINJORE
7. KHUSRO BAGH, ALLAHBAD
SHALIMAR GARDENS
YADVINDRA GARDENS TAJ MAHAL RAM BAGH KHUSRO BAGH

VARIOUS MUGHAL GARDENS
 Afghanistan  Pakistan
 Bagh-e Babur(Kabul)  Chauburji(The Gate
 •India to the Mughal
 Humayun's Tomb-Delhi Gardens)
(Nizamuddin)  Lahore Fort
 Taj Mahal-Agra  Shahdara Bagh
 Shalimar Gardens
 Ram Bagh-Agra (Lahore)
 Mehtab Bagh-Agra  Hazuri Bagh
 Shalimar Gardens (Kashmir)-
Kashmir
 Safdarjung's Tomb
 Yadvindra Gardens-Pinjore
 Khusro Bagh, Allahabad

Mughal Garden

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Mughal Garden

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Mughal Garden

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

MUGHAL GARDENS

• Aurangzeb has not developed much gardens except Chauburji.

Gardens influenced from Islamic gardens

• The use of water is the most remarkable character of mughal garden.

PLAN:- TAJ MAHAL

• The garden is divided into 36 squares by a

Single rectangular bagh

Meeting point of all the channel

YADVINDRA GARDENS TAJ MAHAL RAM BAGH KHUSRO BAGH

You might also like