Mughal

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
MODULE 1
S4 B.Arch 2017-18
Mughal in lndia.
CONCEPT OF MUGHAL GARDENS
• Mughal gardens are a group of gardens built by the Mughals in the
Islamic style of architecture.
• This style was influenced by Persian Gardens and Timurid gardens.
• Significant use of Rectilinear Layouts are made within the walled
enclosures.
SALIENT FEATURES
• Pools,
• Fountains
• Canals inside the gardens. 2
Mughal in lndia.
Features:
• Significant use of rectilinear layouts are made
within the walled enclosures.
• Typical features include pools, fountains and
canals inside the gardens.
• Had handsome walls and great gateways More
like forts than gardens City was pleasantly
adorned
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Mughal in lndia.
Features:
• Most important feature of Mughal garden is
Char Bagh planning.
• Mughals were obsessed with symbol and
incorporated it into their gardens in many
ways.
• Include trees of various sorts, some to provide
shade merely, and others to produce fruits;
flowers, colorful and sweetsmelling; grass,
usually growing wild under the trees; birds to
fill the garden with song; the whole cooled by
a pleasant breeze.
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Mughal in lndia.
THE BASIC ELEMENTS OF MUGHAL GARDENS
• Water
• Water is the life and soul of garden.
• chose the site of their garden close to lakes, springs and rivers.
• Planting
• Terraces
• Pavilions
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Mughal in lndia.
VARIOUS MUGHAL GARDENS Other examples:
• India •Pakistan
–Humayun's Tomb – Delhi – Chauburji (The Gate to the
(Nizamuddin) Mughal Gardens)
– Taj Mahal-Agra – Lahore Fort
– Ram Bagh-Agra – Shahdara Bagh
– Mehtab Bagh-Agra –Shalimar Gardens (Lahore)
– Shalimar Gardens -Kashmir – Hazuri Bagh
– Safdarjung's Tomb
– Yadvindra Gardens-Pinjore •Afghanistan
– Khusro Bagh, Allahabad – Bagh-e Babur(Kabul)
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Mughal in lndia.
1. MUGHAL GARDEN AT HUMAYUN’S TOMB
• Humayun's Tomb was the first garden tomb

made in India.
• The garden is divided into 36 squares by a grid
of water channels and paths.
• These channels of water also facilitates the
formation of Charbagh at Humayun’s Tomb.
• The laying down of the gardens in the Persian
style was introduced by Babur and continued
till the period of Shah Jahan.
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Mughal in lndia.-MUGHAL GARDEN AT HUMAYUN’S TOMB
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• While the main tomb took over 8 years to build, it was also placed in
centre of a 30-acre (120,000 m2) Char Bagh Garden which was the
first of its kind in the South Asia in such a scale.
• The highly geometrical and enclosed Paradise Garden is divided into
4 squares by paved walkways (khiyabans) and 2 bisecting central
water channels, reflecting the four rivers that flow in jannat, the
Islamic concept of paradise.
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Mughal in lndia.
2. MUGHAL GARDEN AT TAJ MAHAL
• Complex set around large 300m² Charbagh,

a Mughal garden.
• The garden uses raised pathways that divide
each of the 4 quarters of the garden into 16
sunken parts or flowerbeds.
• A raised marble water tank at the center of
the garden, halfway between the tomb and
gateway, with a reflecting pool on N-S axis
reflects the image of the Taj Mahal.
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Mughal in lndia-MUGHAL GARDEN AT TAJ MAHAL
• It symbolizes 4 flowing rivers of Paradise
and reflects gardens of Paradise, derived
from the Persian paridaeza, meaning 'walled
garden'.
• Out of total 580x300 m of Taj mahal
complex, these gardens alone cover an area
of 300x300 m.
• The trees of the Taj Garden are either that
of Cyprus (signifying death) or of the fruit
bearing type (signifying life)
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Mughal in lndia-MUGHAL GARDEN AT TAJ MAHAL
• The Taj Mahal garden is unusual in that the main element, the tomb,
is located at the end of the garden.
• The use of symmetry and pattern can be seen in the relationship
between sunlight and shade, plants and water, and light and dark
tones.
• The effect is that of a Persian rug leading to the entrance of the
mausoleum.
• Early accounts of the garden describe its surplus of vegetation,
including abundant roses, daffodils, and fruit trees.
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LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

• Humayun's Tomb was the first garden tomb

• Complex set around large 300m² Charbagh,

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