The document discusses Mughal gardens built during the Mughal Empire in India. It provides details on two significant Mughal gardens:
1. Humayun's Tomb in Delhi, built in the 1560s, which was the first garden tomb in India and featured a charbagh layout divided into squares by water channels.
2. The Taj Mahal complex in Agra, built in the 1630s, which is centered around a large charbagh garden divided into quarters by raised pathways. It symbolizes the rivers of paradise and reflects the gardens of heaven.
The document outlines the key features of Mughal gardens, which were influenced by Persian garden design and typically included
The document discusses Mughal gardens built during the Mughal Empire in India. It provides details on two significant Mughal gardens:
1. Humayun's Tomb in Delhi, built in the 1560s, which was the first garden tomb in India and featured a charbagh layout divided into squares by water channels.
2. The Taj Mahal complex in Agra, built in the 1630s, which is centered around a large charbagh garden divided into quarters by raised pathways. It symbolizes the rivers of paradise and reflects the gardens of heaven.
The document outlines the key features of Mughal gardens, which were influenced by Persian garden design and typically included
The document discusses Mughal gardens built during the Mughal Empire in India. It provides details on two significant Mughal gardens:
1. Humayun's Tomb in Delhi, built in the 1560s, which was the first garden tomb in India and featured a charbagh layout divided into squares by water channels.
2. The Taj Mahal complex in Agra, built in the 1630s, which is centered around a large charbagh garden divided into quarters by raised pathways. It symbolizes the rivers of paradise and reflects the gardens of heaven.
The document outlines the key features of Mughal gardens, which were influenced by Persian garden design and typically included
The document discusses Mughal gardens built during the Mughal Empire in India. It provides details on two significant Mughal gardens:
1. Humayun's Tomb in Delhi, built in the 1560s, which was the first garden tomb in India and featured a charbagh layout divided into squares by water channels.
2. The Taj Mahal complex in Agra, built in the 1630s, which is centered around a large charbagh garden divided into quarters by raised pathways. It symbolizes the rivers of paradise and reflects the gardens of heaven.
The document outlines the key features of Mughal gardens, which were influenced by Persian garden design and typically included
MODULE 1 S4 B.Arch 2017-18 Mughal in lndia. CONCEPT OF MUGHAL GARDENS • Mughal gardens are a group of gardens built by the Mughals in the Islamic style of architecture. • This style was influenced by Persian Gardens and Timurid gardens. • Significant use of Rectilinear Layouts are made within the walled enclosures.
SALIENT FEATURES • Pools, • Fountains • Canals inside the gardens. 2 Mughal in lndia. Features: • Significant use of rectilinear layouts are made within the walled enclosures. • Typical features include pools, fountains and canals inside the gardens. • Had handsome walls and great gateways More like forts than gardens City was pleasantly adorned
3 Mughal in lndia. Features: • Most important feature of Mughal garden is Char Bagh planning. • Mughals were obsessed with symbol and incorporated it into their gardens in many ways. • Include trees of various sorts, some to provide shade merely, and others to produce fruits; flowers, colorful and sweetsmelling; grass, usually growing wild under the trees; birds to fill the garden with song; the whole cooled by a pleasant breeze. 4 Mughal in lndia. THE BASIC ELEMENTS OF MUGHAL GARDENS • Water • Water is the life and soul of garden. • chose the site of their garden close to lakes, springs and rivers. • Planting • Terraces • Pavilions
5 Mughal in lndia. VARIOUS MUGHAL GARDENS Other examples: • India •Pakistan –Humayun's Tomb – Delhi – Chauburji (The Gate to the (Nizamuddin) Mughal Gardens) – Taj Mahal-Agra – Lahore Fort – Ram Bagh-Agra – Shahdara Bagh – Mehtab Bagh-Agra –Shalimar Gardens (Lahore) – Shalimar Gardens -Kashmir – Hazuri Bagh – Safdarjung's Tomb – Yadvindra Gardens-Pinjore •Afghanistan – Khusro Bagh, Allahabad – Bagh-e Babur(Kabul) 6 Mughal in lndia. 1. MUGHAL GARDEN AT HUMAYUN’S TOMB
• Humayun's Tomb was the first garden tomb
made in India. • The garden is divided into 36 squares by a grid of water channels and paths. • These channels of water also facilitates the formation of Charbagh at Humayun’s Tomb. • The laying down of the gardens in the Persian style was introduced by Babur and continued till the period of Shah Jahan. 7 Mughal in lndia.-MUGHAL GARDEN AT HUMAYUN’S TOMB
8 Mughal in lndia.-MUGHAL GARDEN AT HUMAYUN’S TOMB
9 Mughal in lndia.-MUGHAL GARDEN AT HUMAYUN’S TOMB
• While the main tomb took over 8 years to build, it was also placed in centre of a 30-acre (120,000 m2) Char Bagh Garden which was the first of its kind in the South Asia in such a scale. • The highly geometrical and enclosed Paradise Garden is divided into 4 squares by paved walkways (khiyabans) and 2 bisecting central water channels, reflecting the four rivers that flow in jannat, the Islamic concept of paradise.
10 Mughal in lndia. 2. MUGHAL GARDEN AT TAJ MAHAL
• Complex set around large 300m² Charbagh,
a Mughal garden. • The garden uses raised pathways that divide each of the 4 quarters of the garden into 16 sunken parts or flowerbeds. • A raised marble water tank at the center of the garden, halfway between the tomb and gateway, with a reflecting pool on N-S axis reflects the image of the Taj Mahal. 11 Mughal in lndia-MUGHAL GARDEN AT TAJ MAHAL • It symbolizes 4 flowing rivers of Paradise and reflects gardens of Paradise, derived from the Persian paridaeza, meaning 'walled garden'. • Out of total 580x300 m of Taj mahal complex, these gardens alone cover an area of 300x300 m. • The trees of the Taj Garden are either that of Cyprus (signifying death) or of the fruit bearing type (signifying life)
12 Mughal in lndia-MUGHAL GARDEN AT TAJ MAHAL • The Taj Mahal garden is unusual in that the main element, the tomb, is located at the end of the garden. • The use of symmetry and pattern can be seen in the relationship between sunlight and shade, plants and water, and light and dark tones. • The effect is that of a Persian rug leading to the entrance of the mausoleum. • Early accounts of the garden describe its surplus of vegetation, including abundant roses, daffodils, and fruit trees.
Wolfgang Lauber TROPICAL ARCHITECTURE Sustainable and Humane Building in Africa, Latin America and South-East Asia With Contributions by Peter Cheret, Klaus FerstI and Eckhart Ribbeck Prestel Munich
Wolfgang Lauber TROPICAL ARCHITECTURE Sustainable and Humane Building in Africa, Latin America and South-East Asia With Contributions by Peter Cheret, Klaus FerstI and Eckhart Ribbeck Prestel Munich
