Science 10 - Week 16

Qualitative Characteristics of Images
Light is form of energy that you can see! Every day, light waves reflect on objects and into your
eyes, which allows you to see the objects. Light also helps you identify objects both near and far.
Directions: Fill in the blanks in the sentence below. Below each paragraph are words corresponding on the
properties and behavior of light that you will encounter in this module. Write your answer on a clean sheet
of paper.
Light is a natural agent that stimulates sight and make things possible. It is a type of energy
known as 1. . It is given out by luminous objects such as the sun, light bulbs and laser. It is made
up of little packets of energy called 2. . Light travels as waves. But unlike sound waves, it
does not need any material to carry its energy along. This means that light can travel through a 3.
- a completely airless space. Light waves travel out from their source in a straight lines
called 4. .
Absorbed reflection scatters transmitted
Light behaves in a variety of ways when it comes in contact with water, air, and other
matters. When light strikes matter, a part of light is 7. “ ” into the matter and is
transformed into heat energy. If the matter that the light strikes is a transparent material, the
light component that was not absorbed within the material is
8. “ ” through and exits to the outer side of the material. If the surface of the
material is smooth (a mirror for example), 9.“ ” occurs, but if the surface is irregular
having pits and protrusions, the light 10. “ ”.
electromagnetic radiation photons rays vacuum
These exercises you have answered help you understand the nature of light. In this
module, you will do varied activities which will help you comprehend the qualitative
characteristics of image formed in Plane Mirror, Concave Mirror, and Convex Mirror.
Activity 1- “Light as Rays”

What you need:
 Plane Mirror
 Laser pointers
 Protractor
What you have to do:
 Put your mirror carefully on the line labelled “mirror.
 Point your laser along incident ray line.
 Mark the reflected ray line that represent where the light ray goes after hitting the mirror.
 Measure the angles between the normal line and incident ray. (Normal line is an imaginary
line that is perpendicular to the surface.) Record this in the table. Then measure the angle
between the reflected ray and the normal
line. Put this result in the table too.
 Repeat the procedure with all the other
incident ray lines.
Paper Protractor
Using protractor complete the table by writing in
the measurement of angle of incidence and angle of
reflection.
Ray Angle of Incidence Angle of Reflection
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
Reflection of Light in Mirrors
The laws of reflection state that:

the incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal line to the reflecting surface all lie in the same
plane; and the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
a line that is perpendicular to the surface
- the ray of light coming from Angle of Angle the ray of light which leaves
the light source towards a incidence of the mirror
surface reflecti
on
the angle between the incident ray Reflection of a Light ray on a - the angle between the
and normal line Plane reflected ray and normal li
Reflection in Plane Mirror

When light hits an object, every part of that object reflects light in all direction.
Some of the reflected light reaches our eyes. Thus, we can see an object.
Characteristics of images formed by a plane mirror:
 Image is virtual;
 Same size as the object;
 Same orientation as the object; and
 Same distance from the mirror as the object.
Reflection in a plane Mirror
Types of Reflection of Light

Specular/Regular reflection. It is defined as ligh reflected from a smooth surface at a definite angle.
Diffused/Irregular Reflection. It is produced by rough surfaces that tend to reflect light in all
directions.
(a) Mountains and its reflection on calm water (b) Mountains and its reflection on
wavy water
The phenomenon by which a ray of light changes the direction of propagation when it strikes a
boundary between different media through which it cannot pass is described as the reflection of
light.
If the bundle of light rays is incident upon a smooth surface, then the light rays reflect and remain
concentrated in a bundle upon leaving the surface. On the other hand, if the surface is
microscopically rough, the light rays will reflect and diffuse in many different directions.
Specular Reflection Diffuse Reflection

(smooth surface) (rough surface)
Figure 5. (a) Parallel light rays reflect in one direction. (b) Parallel light rays reflect in different
directions.
Mirror Left-Right Reversal

If you view an image of yourself in a plane mirror (perhaps a bathroom mirror), you will
quickly notice that there is an apparent left-right reversal of the image. That is, if you raise your
left hand, you will notice that the image raises what would seem to be its right hand. If you raise
your right hand, the image raises what would seem to be its left hand. This is often termed left-
right reversal.
The letters in front of the ambulance are written laterally. This is because when seen in rear
view mirror by another vehicle, the image of the word would get inverted, letting the driver read
the word properly so that he can provide way to the ambulance.
Reflection on Spherical Mirrors

Most curved mirrors are called spherical mirrors because their shape follows the surface of a
sphere.
Two Kinds of Spherical Mirrors:

The Concave Mirror
It reflects light inward to one focal point. It is used to focus light.
Also known as converging mirror has a reflecting surface that is recessed
inward (away from the incident light).
The Convex Mirror
Also known diverging mirror is a curved mirror in which the reflective
surface bulges towards the light source.
Convex mirrors reflect light outwards; therefore they are not used to focus
light.
There are two types of images formed by reflecting surfaces.
Figure 11. Reflection from Concave and Convex Mirror
Real Image Virtual Image
A real image is formed when light rays A virtual image is formed when light rays
actually meet after reflection. do not actually intersect after reflection,
A real image can be formed on a screen. but they appear to diverge from the
A real image is inverted with respect to mirror.
the object. A virtual image cannot be formed on a
e.g. The image of a distance object screen.
formed by a concave mirror. A virtual image is erect with respect to the
object.
e.g. The image of an object formed by a
convex mirror.
Quiz- Thursday
____1. Regular reflection is the reflection of light on a(n) surface.
A. even, smooth C. semi-smooth, rough
B. even or uneven, rough D. uneven, rough
____2.The image you see on a plane mirror is placed in direction(s) of real image.
A. five C. the opposite
B. multiple directions D. the same
____3.A plane mirror has a/an reflecting surface.
A. angled B. concave C. convex D. flat
____4.Diffuse Reflection is a(n) surface. reflection of light rays on a
A. even, smooth C. semi-smooth, rough
B. even or uneven, semi rough D. uneven, rough
____5. Scattering of light occurs when light waves travelling in direction(s) is/are made to
travel in direction(s).
A. one, many B. one, ten C. many, one D. several, one
____6.With Regular/Diffuse Reflection, the of the object will determine the SHARPNESS of
reflection.
A. angle B. color C. surface D. a and b
____7. As per the Law of Reflection measured through the normal line, the angle of incidence
is to the angle of reflection.
a. equal
b. greater than
c. less than
d. both a and b
____8. A concave mirror may form an image which is . Which one of the following is incorrect?
a. real, erect and magnified
b. real, inverted and diminished
c. real, inverted and magnified
d. real, inverted and same size
____9. The image in a convex mirror is always .
a. real, erect and diminished
b. real, erect and magnified
c. virtual, erect and diminished
d. virtual, inverted and diminished
____10. The image formed in a plane mirror is .
a. at the same distance in front of the mirror as the object is in front of the mirror.
b. at a shorter distance in front of the mirror than the distance that the object is in front of
the mirror.
c. at the same distance behind the mirror as the object is in front of the mirror.
d. at a shorter distance behind the mirror than the distance the object is in front of the
mirror.
____11. A typical mirror you look in at a home or in a restroom is a mirror.
a. concave
b. convex
c. parabolic
d. plane
____12. What type of lens produces smaller and upright images?
a. concave lens
b. converging lens
c. convex lens
d. cannot be determined
____13. What type of lens is thicker at the center as compared to its edges?
a. concave
b. convex
c. parabolic
d. plane
____14. The size of the image is always smaller than the object in .
a. concave mirror
b. convex mirror
c. plane mirror
d. silver mirror
____15. What type of lens is use to correct nearsightedness?
a. concave
b. convex
c. parabolic
d. plane

Science 10 - Week 16

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Qualitative Characteristics of Images

Activity 1- “Light as Rays”

Reflection of Light in Mirrors

The laws of reflection state that:

a line that is perpendicular to the surface

Reflection in Plane Mirror

Reflection in a plane Mirror

Types of Reflection of Light

Specular Reflection Diffuse Reflection

Mirror Left-Right Reversal

Reflection on Spherical Mirrors

Two Kinds of Spherical Mirrors:

Figure 11. Reflection from Concave and Convex Mirror

Real Image Virtual Image

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