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Master Formula Sheet

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The document lists many important physics formulas across various topics such as mechanics, electricity, magnetism, waves, and atomic physics.

Some important formulas related to electricity and magnetism include formulas for charge, voltage, resistance of resistors in series and parallel, electric power, and electric energy.

Important formulas related to waves include the speed of a wave, frequency, refractive index, magnification, and the speed of sound.

Word Formula Symbol Formula Units

General Physics
Distance s
1) Speed = v= m/s
Time t
Displacement s
2) Velocity = v= m/s
Time t
Change in Velocity v−u
3) Acceleration = a= m/s2
Time t

4) Weight = Mass × g.f.s. W = mg N

Mass m Kg/m3
5) Density = ρ=
Volume v g/cm3

6) Force = Mass × Acceleration F = ma N

Force F
7) Force Constant =
Extension k= N/m
x
8) Moment = Force × Perpendicular
distance from the pivot
Moment = Fs Nm

9) g.p.e. = Mass × g.f.s. × Height g.p.e. = mgh J

1 1
10) k.e. = × Mass × (Velocity)2
2
k.e. = 2mv2 J

11) Work done = Force × Distance in


the direction of the force
ΔW = Fs J

Work done ΔW
12) Power =
Time
P= W
t

Energy transferred ΔE
13) Power =
Time
P= t
W
1
Word Formula Symbol Formula Units
14) Energy Link Formula ΔW= ΔE= Fs= mgh= Pt J

Energy/Power Output
15) Efficiency = - %
Energy/Power Input

Force F Pa
16) Pressure = p=A
Area N/m2
17) Liquid Pressure = Height × Density
× g.f.s
p = hρg Pa

Thermal Physics
18) pV = k [constant] p1V1 = p2V2 -

19) S.H.C =
Energy E J/kg˚C
c = mΔθ
Mass × Temp. change J/g˚C
Energy
20) Latent Heat = E J/kg
Mass lf = m
Of Fusion J/g
Energy
21) Latent Heat = E J/kg
Mass lv = m
Of Vaporization J/g

Waves (Light & Sound)


22) Speed = Frequency × Wavelength
Of Wave
v = fλ m/s

1 1
23) Frequency = f=T Hz
Time period

Sin i
24) Refractive index (n) n= -
Sin r

Speed of light in air/vacuum Cv


25) n = n= -
Speed of light in medium C
2
Word Formula Symbol Formula Units
Real depth
26) n = - -
Apparent depth

1
27) n =
Sin c
- -

Image height
28) Magnification = - -
Object height

Image distance
29) Magnification = - -
Object distance

30) Speed of sound in air s


v=t m/s
(Direct method)

31) Speed of sound in air 2s


(Indirect method)
v= t
m/s

Electricity & Magnetism


32) Charge = Current × Time Q = It C

33) Voltage = Current × Resistance V = IR V

34) Resistors in series R = R1+R2+R3+…Rn Ω

1 1 1 1 1
35) Resistors in parallel = + + +⋯ Ω
R R1 R 2 R 3 Rn

R R
36) 2 resistors in parallel R = R 1+R2 Ω
1 2

37) Electric Power = Voltage × Current P = VI W

38) Electric = Voltage × Current × Time


Energy
E = VIt J
3
Word Formula Symbol Formula Units
39) Electric Energy = Power × Time E = Pt J

40) Electric = (Current)2× Resistors ×Time


Energy
E = I2Rt J

41) Electric = Voltage × Charge


Energy
E = VQ J

42)Power = (Current)2 × Resistance


Loss
P = I2R W

(Voltage)2 V2
43) Power Loss =
Resistance
P= W
R

VP NP
44)Transformer Formula (1) = -
VS NS

45) Transformer Formula (2) VPIP = VSIS -

Atomic Physics
46) Alpha Decay: A
ZX → A−4
Z−2Y + 42α - -

47) Beta Decay: A


ZX → A
Z+1Y + 0
−1β - -

Motion Equations
1) v = u + at
1
2) s = (v + u)t
2
1
3) s = ut + at2
2
4) v2 = u2 + 2as

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