Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Civil Engineering for Sustainable Development

(ICCESD 2016), 12~14 February 2016, KUET, Khulna, Bangladesh (ISBN: 978-984-34-0265-3)

WATER QUALITY AND EIA OF SIMPLE HATIRJHEEL LAKE

S. M. Tariquzzaman*1, Susmita Nishu2, Tanveer Ferdous Saeed3 and Rifat Ahmed Reday4
1
Student, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh, e-mail: oyomoy.bd@gmail.com
2
Student, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh, e-mail: susmitanishu@gmail.com
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, AUST, Bangladesh, e-mail: Tanveer.ce@aust.edu
4
Student, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh, e-mail: Badhon035@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Since water is so viral for all known forms of life, water pollution is most important issues of modern world.
Now a days it becomes the first priority to save the limited source of fresh water from the pollutants. All the
water treatment process is followed by the water health indicator test. These test includes Biochemical oxygen
demand (BOD), Chemical oxygen demand (COD), E.coli test, TDS, Turbidity, Odor, pH, Iron concentration of
water, Hardness of water etc. A considerable area of Dhaka city is covered by Hatirjheel Lake. So the
environmental conditions of these lakes has a great influence over the city dwellers, its surroundings & visitors.
The lake ecology system being destroyed for excessive waste water. The paper reports on the present water
quality & the sources of water pollutant as well as the EIA on most important parameters. Different water
quality indicator tests like BOD, E. coli & Turbidity are performed over the collected water sample. The
samples were collected for laboratory test from different depths & points of Hatirjheel Lake. The tests were
continued for nine weeks covering winter & summer season. Results from laboratory were 154 mg O2/L of
BOD, 6700 CFU/100ml of E. coli & 109 FTU of Turbidity. These values were compared with standard data
given by BECR-97 & USEPA. And EIA is done upon baseline survey considering 36 parameter divided into four
major group. Though overall environmental impact of Hatirjheel is positive, impact of three major field are
negative and necessary measures should need take immediately

Keywords: Health indicator test; Water Quality; EIA; BOD; Turbidity.

1. INTRODUCTION
Economic development projects brought innumerable benefits but also had unintended detrimental effects on
people and natural resources. Human activities have resulted in the disruption of environmental and communal
harmony. Such disruptions not only need to be identified and measured but also need to be managed in such a
way that the positive externalities are maximized and the negative externalities are minimized. Environmental
impact assessments help in understanding such impacts.

Hatirjheel Lake is located in the centre of Dhaka and is a crucial element in the city’s drainage system. It used to
be connected to a string of other lakes, the Banani, Dhanmondi and Gulshan Lakes, and to the Begun Bari Khal
at the Rampura Bridge. So the environmental conditions of these lakes has a great influence over the city
dwellers & its surroundings. Each lake catches different types of municipal wastes. The lake ecology system
being destroyed for excessive waste water. As a result a greater changes happening in bio-diversity. Fish &
others aquatic plants or organisms being vanished from the lake. Solid wastes are creating a worst problem. A
thick layer of solid waste sediments are generating in lake bed. So, the plants that grows in the bed of a lake
supplied as foods for fishes or other living organisms are not available now. On other hand reverse case is
ongoing. Excessive nitrogen & phosphorous from wastes can be accumulated in lake water. As a result rooted
aquatic plant & algae will grow fast; which leads to algal bloom that is a problem for navigation in lake water,
as well as different environmental issues. The objectives of these research is to assess the Biochemical Oxygen
Demand (BOD), Turbidity & Escherichia coli (E. coli) at various depths of Hatirjheel Lake and overall EIA of
Hatirjheel Lake.

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2. METHODOLOGY
Water sample are collected from different Depth and points from Hatirjheel and selected imported parameter are
tested in laboratory. A baseline survey is done to select depth sensitive parameter required to consider for
Hatirjheel and also for EIA. After that we have select 36 parameters in four major categories.

2.1 Study Area

Hatirjheel Lake is located at 23º48' N & 90º25' E of Dhaka city & length of the lake is 4.1 km which covers an
area of 0.79 km2 (collected from Google earth). It has an average depth of 2.6 m. The widest part of the lake is
approximately 0.46 km. The peripheral sides are, northern at Gulshan-Banani, southern at Banglamotor, eastern
at Rampura & western at Tejgaon industrial area.

Sampling and Analysis Method

Sampling is a most sensitive part of any research. In our study we have followed sample collection guideline of
DPHE for depth variant sampling and non-depth variant sapling. For water quality testing we have select 3
depth variant sample and 6 non-depth variant sample. On the other hand EIA data are collected by key
informant interview, beneficiary interview and information from relative govt. organization and analysed with
Environmental Evaluation System (EES) developed by Battelle Columbus Laboratories in the United States.

2.2 Sampling and analysis of Hatirjheel Water

For the testing of water quality we have selected the most polluted zones of Hatirjheel. They are: (a) Sonargaon
inlet of Hatirjheel, beside Special Sewerage Diversion Structure, (b) Near BGMEA building and (c) Near
Moghbazar. By a general selection for this lake BOD, E.coli, and Turbidity are selected as depth variant sample
and PH, Total Dissolve Solid (TDS), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Phosphate, Ammonia, and Nitrate as non-
depth variant sample. Total nine parameter are tested for nine weeks. Samples are tested in Environmental Lab
of department of Civil Engineering in Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology (Depth variant test) and
Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE), Mohakhali (non-depth variant test). For non-depth variant
test, samples are collected from three feet below the water surface. Standard test methods and apparatus are used
in testing. Standard sample collection method are followed and instruments used for collecting water sample.
Depth variant Sample water were collected from various depth of lake, for monitoring the condition of lake
along the depth.

Table 1: Table: Sample collection level

Weeks Depth of Water

1st, 2nd & 3rd 3 feet
4th, 5th & 6th 6 feet
7th, 8th & 9th 9 feet

2.3 Data Collection and analysis Method for EIA

Sample parameters are selected by a primary survey on most influencing things on and around Hatirjheel as well
as it is compared with the Dhanmondi and Gulshan Lake area. Because those two city has experienced the
gradual process of losing residential characteristics. There is very chance happen the same again in Hatirjheel if
the surrounding and other developments cannot be controlled. Parameters are selected as important
Environmental Component (IECs) through a two-step scoping process (UDFCD, 2001). Then relative
importance of these parameters is selected based on LGED guideline (1992). The 36 decision factors or
environmental parameters are grouped into four categories which are:
(a) Physical Resources
(b) Echological Resources
(c) Human use value
(d) Quality of Life value.

Aftr selecting parameters datas are collected key informant interview directly and indirectly related to
Hatirjheel, interview and information from different govt. and non govt. organizations working on the
development and future sustainibility of Hatirjheel. Two different types of survey on serrounding people and
visitors are also taken.

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Considering the situation prevailing in the country, a simple methodology has been developed for
Environmental Impact Assessment of infrastructure projects. The methodology is based on Environmental
Evaluation System (EES) developed by Battelle Columbus Laboratories in the United States. In this method, the
existing environmental conditions will be the reference level and the positive and negative changes in
environmental conditions resulting from the proposed project will be evaluated. The environmental impact will
be assessed by Environmental Impact Values (EIVs) which may be defined mathematically as follows:

Where Vi is the relative change in the value of environmental quality of parameter i with respect to the existing
situation. Wi is the relative importance or weight of parameter i, and n is the total number of environmental
parameter related to the project. The computation of Environmental Impact Value (EIV) of a project needs
determination of Vi, the value representing the magnitude of alteration of the environmental parameters, and Wi,
the value representing relative weight or importance of the respective parameters.

2.4 Magnitude of alteration of the environmental parameters

The beneficial and adverse changes in environmental parameters resulting from a project, usually expressed in
(Kennedy, 2007)
qualitative terms have been plotted in a scale to quantify the environmental alterations. Since the
changes of environmental parameters are measured with respect to existing condition, no change has 0 value.
The adverse changes have been given values -1, -2, -3, -4 and -5 to represent very low, low, moderate, high and
severe negative impacts respectively. Similarly +1, +2, +3, +4 and +5 represent very low, low, moderate, high
and very high positive impacts respectively. A value from the scale representing the effect of the project on each
parameter will be taken to compute the EIV of the project.

3. ILLUSTRATIONS

3.1 Water Quality Data Analysis

Among the nine parameter three (BOD, Turbidity and E. Coli) has considered as most sensitive to depth
variation and other six (PH, Total Dissolve Solid, Total Suspended Solid, Phosphate, Ammonia, and Nitrate) are
considered as less sensitive to depth variation as well as the depth variation impact of those also considered as
low.

3.1.1 Data analysis of depth-variant parameter

These data were collected and tested for nine weeks (10/12/14 to 04/04/15) covering winter & summer season.
The test report shown in bellow:

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Week no. Date Seasons Collection Points (CP) Depth of Experiment Results
of Hatirjheel Lake water
collection BOD5 Turbidity E.coli (CFU/100 ml)
(mgO2/L) (FTU)
1 CP1:Sonargaon 78 108 3400
10/12/14 CP2: BGMEA 80 49.01 4000
CP3: Moghbazaar 44 37.52 4400
2 CP1:Sonargaon 120 101 2400
24/12/14 CP2: BGMEA 3’ 98 79 3000
CP3: Moghbazaar 140 43.56 3200
Winter (week 1 to week 6)

3 CP1:Sonargaon 154 22.03 4200

17/01/15 CP2: BGMEA 116 19.57 5000
CP3: Moghbazaar 94 17.80 3600
4 CP1:Sonargaon 130 34.68 6700
27/01/15 CP2: BGMEA 110 28.97 4500
CP3: Moghbazaar 84 22.06 2300
5 CP1:Sonargaon 134 44.60 5500
31/01/15 CP2: BGMEA 6’ 98 33.65 3700
CP3: Moghbazaar 82 27.98 3300
6 07/02/15 CP1:Sonargaon 94 29.48 4400
CP2: BGMEA 108 30.50 2800
CP3: Moghbazaar 88 19.87 2400
7 11/03/15 CP1:Sonargaon 80 23.87 4200
CP2: BGMEA 9’ 104 15.00 3800
Summer (Week7 to

CP3: Moghbazaar 90 81 2400

8 21/03/15 CP1:Sonargaon 9’ 56 42.55 5700
CP2: BGMEA 86 22.91 2100
CP3: Moghbazaar 72 27.9 3300
week9)

9 04/04/15 CP1:Sonargaon 76 109 6100

CP2: BGMEA 98 34.78 1500
CP3: Moghbazaar 94 28.26 2600

3.1.1.1 Graphical Representation Based on Overall Data

BOD, Turbidity and E.coli variation based on overall data is shown below:

Figure 1(a): BOD analysis based on overall data

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Overall data analysis for BOD gives the opportunity to realize the pollution levels of the lake at all collection
points & depth at a glance.

Turbidity:

Equations
Equations must be with italic letters and aligned left-hand with the text margin and should be preceded and
followed by a blank line.

2 k 3  1 
− uiu j = ν t Sij − kδ ij − vt ∑ cβ  S βij − S βαα δ ij  (1)
3 ε β =1  3 

When numbering equations, enclose numbers in parentheses and align with right-hand margin. When referring
to equations in the text, mention as equation (X)

Tables
All tables are to be in black and white and should be placed as close to their mention in text as Table X. Centre
captions preferably directly above the table being described. Tables shall not contain any vertical lines.

Figure 1(b): Turbidity analysis based on overall data.

Pollution levels of Hatirjheel Lake spreading all over the lake & depth as well. The variations turbidity indicate
the magnitude of pollutions.

Table 1: Example table

Margin Top Bottom Left Right

1 inch 1 inch 1 inch 1 inch 1 inch

4. CONCLUSIONS
Please provide a brief conclusion on the basis of the results and discussions.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Place to acknowledgement the contributions of persons or institutions which were crucial in finishing the paper,
if any. This section, if appears, is expected to be limited within 3-4 lines.

Figure 1(c): E.coli analysis based on overall data.

Variations of e.coli are easily recognizable through the scattered graph. It co-relates all fluctuations of results,
which is measured at various points & depths.

3.1.1.2 Comparison of BOD, E.coli & Turbidity with BECR & US EPA standards:
Comparison of Laboratory results for BOD, E.coli & Turbidity shows the actual magnitude of pollutions in
Hatirjheel Lake. At each collection point & different depth of the lake, the values of lab result exceed the
standard values given by BECR & USEPA. Among these parameter, E.coli crosses the limit extremely higher

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than other. Because Hatirjheel Lake receives a huge amount of combined sewer waste, which contains harmful
coliform bacteria that originates from human & animal fecal wastes.

Table 2: Standards for inland surface water according to BECR & USEPA

Name BOD E.coli Turbidity (FTU)

(mg/L) (CFU/100ml)
Lab result 119 5533 77.01
BECR Standard (for recreational 6 200 ---
water)
US EPA Standard (for recreational 0.04 235 50
water)

3.1.2 Data analysis of non depth-variant parameter

The hatirjheel lake and gulshan banana lake within the project area receives discharge from both domestic and
industrial sources. Polluted water flows to Rampura Khal from Gulshan Lake through Hatirjheel. This is one of
the reasons of pollution of lake water. The rainwater was supposed to enter the lake through the Panthapath box
culvert to hold the rainwater. But at present, solid waste also enters the lake. Screens were set up to stop solid
waste from entering the lake but piles of huge solid waste caused stagnation in the Dhanmondi, Kalabagan and
Panthapath areas. Through physical, chemical and bacteriological analysis of water sample it has been observed
turbidity, Total suspended solids, Ammonia, COD, BOD etc. are way above the standard values. The test results
are shown in table 3.1.2:

Table 3: Values of lake water quality parameter within study area

Water quality parameter Concentration present

pH 7.1
Total dissolved oxygen (TDS) 288 mg/L
Total suspended solid (TSS) 60 mg/L
Phosphate (PO4) 3.4 mg/L
Ammonia (NH3) 12.5 mg/L
Nitrate (NO3) .33 mg/L

3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

3.2.1 Policy and Legislation

The roles and responsibilities of different ministries and departments related with the enforcement of
environmental requirements are briefly described below:

3.2.1.1 Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF)

The Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) is the key government institution in Bangladesh for all matters
relating to national environmental policy and regulatory issues (AIA, 2009). Realizing the ever-increasing
importance of environmental issues, the MoEF was created by replacing the Ministry of Forest in 1989 and is at
present a permanent member of the Executive Committee of the National Economic Council. This group is the
major decision-making body for economic policy issues and is also responsible for approving all public
investment projects. The MoEF oversees the activities of the following technical/implementing agencies:

Department of Environment (DoE)

Department of Forest (DoF)

Forest Industries Development Corporation (FIDC)

Related Other Organizations:

There are several other organizations, which are related with certain social and environmental functions.
These organizations include:
• Ministry of Land: Land Reform and Land Acquisition Directorate
• Ministry of Water Resources: Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB)

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• Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock: Directorate of Fisheries

3.2.1.2 Relevant National Policies and Legislation Relevant to Environment

National Strategies, Policies, Acts and Rules related to the environment include the following:

• Environment Pollution Control Ordinance, 1977.

• Environmental Quality Standards for Bangladesh, 1991
• National Conservation Strategy (NCS) 1992
• Environmental Policy (1992)
• National Environmental Management Action Plan (NEMAP) 1995
• Environmental Conservation Act (1995)
• Environmental Conservation Rules (1997)
The 1997 rules were formed gradually leading to the strategy that was developed in 1992. The policy was
enunciated based on the strategy. The NEMAP followed the policy. The Acts and rules naturally followed the
plan through legislative actions.

3.2.1.3 Relevant acts related to Environment

• Relevant acts related to Environment
• Bangladesh Wildlife Preservation Act (1973; Amended in 1974)
• Forest Policy (1994)
• Compliance with International Requirements
• Rio Declaration
• Convention on Biological Diversity, Rio de Janeiro, (1992)
• Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat, Ramsar (1971)
• United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Montague Bay, (1982)

3.2.2 Description of Environmental Baseline

Climate: There are three main seasons: Summer (March to May), Rainy season/Monsoon (June to October)
and winter season (November to February). The rainy season is hot and humid having about 85 percent of the
annual rainfall. The winter is predominately cool with comparatively low humidity. Bangladesh Meteorological
Department (BMD) is the source of the analyzed data and last available 10 years data are analyzed to generate
the result.

Rainfall: Data from 2001 to 2011 has been used for the analysis and the data source is Bangladesh
Meteorological Department (BMD). (BBS, 2002) The annual average rainfall in this area is about 2161 mm/yr. The
monthly average maximum rainfall was recorded as 433 mm in the month of July and the monsoon rainfall was
about 1742 mm. Maximum rainfall in a single day is found 333 mm in September and maximum average rainy
days in a month is found 24 in June

Temperature: The Bangladesh meteorological data at the Dhaka station from 2001 to 2011 shows that the
monthly average maximum temperature in months varies from 24°C to 34°C while the maximum temperature
occurring over the months of March to May is around 340 C. The monthly average temperature varies from
19°C to 29°C
Relative Humidity: The Dhaka station has been considered for Relative Humidity data analysis. The monthly
average relative humidity varies from 60% to 81% in last ten years (2001 to 2011). In the summer, average
relative humidity varies from 60% to 72%, in the Monsoon, 81% to 71% and in the winter, it again decreases up
to 71% to 60% Due to high level of humidity, the Monsoon, more sweating occurs.

Evaporation: The monthly average evaporation in this area is 18 mm/day and the maximum evaporation occurs
in the summer season of last ten years (2001 to 2010) for the Dhaka station (Source BMD). The maximum
evaporation is 25 mm/day, which occurs in the month of April. The minimum evaporation is 11 mm/day in the
month of January (BBS, 2001).

Air Quality: The average wind speed becomes high in the monsoon season and low in the dry season for last
ten years (2001 to 2010, Source BMD). The monthly average wind speed is 2.4Km/day in the summer,
3.5Km/hr in the Monsoon and 2.9Km/hr in winter (Figure 4-6). The maximum wind speed occurs in July to
September.

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3.2.3 Hydrological Profile

3.3 Potential Environmental Impacts and degree of impacts

3.3.1 Physical resources

Surface water quality: Surface run-off includes the pollution load run-off due to all human and other related
concerns such as domestic, industrial, agricultural and other activities Through physical, chemical and
bacteriological analysis of water sample it has been observed turbidity, Total suspended solids, Ammonia, COD,
BOD etc. are way above the standard values (UDFCD, 2001). Dissolved oxygen is only 5.3 mg/l where the
standard value is 6 mg/L. So the overall surface water quality is poor and day by day it’s degrading. The degree
of impact due to implementation of the proposed development plan has been considered as -4.

Ground Water Quality: ground water is good in quantity but may require some treatments to improve its
chemical characteristics. The analysis of water supplies is the prime criteria for determining the quality of
ground water of a particular area. The degree of impact has been considered as +2.

Air & Noise Pollution: Due to development of the land volume of traffic will increase which will cause noise
pollution. Degree of impact due to implementation of the development plan has been considered as -3.

Soil Quality: The study area was a dumping place before the implementation of hatirjheel project so soil quality
was not much of a concern. Now if the development plan is implemented impervious portion within the area
will increase which will affect the soil quality and degree of impact will be negative. After implementation of
the project degree of impact has been considered as -2.

Climate: In our Impact Assessment Climate is considered as Zero (0)

Hydrology: The annual average rainfall in the project area is about 2161 mm. Storm water from outside and
inside the project area discharges through the lakes. within the project area ground water met at depth 5 m to 9
m below the surface and the seasonal fluctuation of the ground water table rouges from 0.5 meters to 2.50
meters. Degree of impact is considered as -1.

3.3.2 Ecological resources

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Fisheries: By observing the values of COD and BOD of lake water it is very clear no fish can survive in this
water. The degree of impact is considered as -2.

Aquatic biology: The main aquatic flora in this area is Kalmilata, Kochuripana. Tepapona etc. The main aquatic
faunas in this area are some fishes in the lakes within the study area. But due to increasing pollution of the lake
water DO level is depleting and no of aquatic faunas are diminishing. The degree of impact has been considered
as -3.

Terrestrial flora and fauna: Due to implementation of the development plan degree of impact on terrestrial
flora and fauna has been considered as -1.

Forest: There is no specific forest or reserved forest seen in this area. There are greeneries at some places and
there are tree plantation on both side of the roads and homestead seen in the project area. The degree of impact
has been considered as +1.

3.3.3 Human use value

Agriculture: There is no record of agricultural activities within the project area so due to implementation of the
project the impact has been considered as zero (0).

Water Supply: There is piped water distribution system from DWASA’s water distribution system network that
cover almost all of the built up areas. Within the study area there is about 14 km water supply line exists with
22-25 deep tube wells (DTWs) exist. 95% people say that they have piped water distribution system. But only
65% of people are satisfied with the quality and amount of supplying water. The impact is considered as +4.

Navigation The lakes within the study area was used for minor navigation. But due to development of road
network it reduced to nil. As prior navigation was not of much significance the impact due to implementation of
the project is considered as -1.

Power and Gas Supply: lectricity is mainly supplied in Dhaka city area by DESA and DESCO through 132 /33
kV grid substation and 33/11 kV substations located at different places in Dhaka city. Lion part of the study area
under the jurisdiction of DESA including Noyatola, Modhubag, West Rampura, Ullan, Kawran Baazar, Tejgaon
Industrial Area, Kunipara etc. A very little part North including Merul Badda, Niketon, and Banani falls within
the service area of DESCO. There is about 4.39 km transmission line of 132 KV and 5.97 km of 33 KV exits
within the study area boundary. Due to implementation of the project the impact on power supply is considered
as +3.

Drainage: DWASA has 12.65 Km drainage infrastructures including lake, khal box culvert, strom sewer, pipe
drain and others. Most of the cases these networks work as the secondary drain to drive the storm water along
household waste water (partly) to natural primary drainage network (khal). Most significant issue here that total
length of pipe drain and storm sewer is about 5.5 Km (average Dia of Pipe 0.9-1.8 m) which is very much less to
meet the excessive demand of population. Average Dia for DCC owned piped drains varies from 0.3-0.9 m and
average width of open drains varies from 0.2-0.8 m (UDFCD, 2001). Usually these drains are constructed by
connecting with secondary drain of DWASA or major outlets. The degree of impact due to implementation of
the project is considered as -1.

Sewerage and waste disposal: DWASA is the designated authority of Dhaka city for operation and
maintenance of sewerage networks. Currently only 30% of the city area is served by the sewer system of which
only 20% of the population have connections (UDFCD, 2001). The present condition of sewerage line is not up
to the mark. But degree of impact after implementation of the development plan has been considered as +1.

Sanitation: The population of the study area are presently using disposal system such as septic tank. The overall
sanitary sewage collection and distribution system of the area is of moderate nature. The degree of impact has
been considered as +1.

Recreation: Hatirjheel turned into a pretty big recreational place for general people. The city people get a place
to breathe, to be amused, to absorb the tiredness of city life and to be socialized. Every day huge number of
visitors used to come here to enjoy the natural beauty of the lake, to pass some moment of pleasure with close
ones. Lakeside landscaping and the bridges soothe the eye of the visitors (Aminuzzaman, 2002). The degree of
impact has been considered as +2.

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Flood control: The sample households affected by the flood were asked about the major problems they
encountered during the time of flood.
The overall impact is negative and the degree of impact considered as -3.

Industry and commerce: Tejgaon industrial area is within the boundary of study area. The plan is to develop
this area as a residential area rather than an industrial area. So after implementation of the project degree of
impact has been considered as +1.

Road and railway: Tongi Diversion Road, New Eskaton Road, Mogh Baazar road, Pathapath road, Satrasta
road, DIT road, Tejgaon-Gulshan Link road Tejagaon Rampura and Outer Circular road are major arterial roads
of this area. Average width of these roads varies from 40-70 feet Most significant issue is here that almost 60%
road of this area having a ROW less than 20 feet
The impact has been considered as -1.

Land use: Due to implementation of Hatirjheel Lake and Begunbari Khal Development project land value of
surrounding areas increases over night at an abnormal rate. Previous value of per katha land within the project
area varies from 8-25 lakh. But field inspection has revealed that present value of single katha land varies from
60 lakhs to 1 crore Values of Lake adjacent plots are higher than distant ones as expected. The degree of impact
considered as +4.

3.3.4 Quality of life value

Scio economic aspects: According to the Socio-economic Survey, the main occupation of the house owners of
the Hatirjheel area are Business (55.10%) and Service (28.57%). Other occupations are Engineer, Housewives
and Journalists. The average monthly income of the house owners are 202045 Tk. Education level of most
(43%) of the house owners are Bachelor. 23% of them are completed Masters and 16% completed up to SSC.
The average family members of the Hatirjheel area are 6. Most (51%) of the house owners are residing in the
Hatirjheel area from more than 20 years. About 29% of the owners are residing from 10 to 20 years period.
Most (81.63%) of the house owners inherited the property from ancestors. Few (18.37%) of them are owned by
purchasing. After implementation of the plan degree of impact on socio economic condition has been considered
as +2.

Resettlement: Resettlement of population displaced by land acquisition within the study area is an important
negative social impact of the project. This is considered to be relatively long term. The cost for resettlement and
compensation is considered as a negative impact of hatirjheel project. The degree of impact is considered as -2.

Population: The population is increasing in the area. According to Census, 2011 over two million population
lives in Badda, Gulshan, Khilgaon, Ramna and Tejgaon Thana
The degree of impact is negative and considered as -1.

Agricultural land loss: There was not much agricultural activities before so after implementation of the project
loss of agricultural land is not of great concern. But the degree of impact is negative and is considered as -1.

Public Health: Due to the development of the study area various kinds of diseases reduced significantly. During
rainy season ad flood, occasionally contaminated rainwater from the city enters lakes and low land carries
pathogens which is obviously negative impact. The degree of impact is considered as -1.

Parasitic disease: Parasitic diseases within the project area are mainly mosquito borne diseases. Jaundice,
typhoid, fever, paratyphoid, fever are also common. Mosquito borne diseases are dengue or break bore fever,
encephalitis, filoriasis, malaria, yellow fever etc. the degree of impact is negative and considered as -1.

Nutrition: Standard of living is not upgraded here as the whole area previously was a backyard. People were
used to dump their waste and non-usable things here. This place was also known for drug addiction and
criminals. The degree of impact is considered as -1.
Public safety: Within the study are there is the head office of RAB-2. Despite of that 59.14% of the house
owners states that they have security problems in their locality after implementation of the project degree of
impact is considered as +1.
Urban space: As a whole in the project area had some recreational facilities (Aminuzzaman, 2002). There are
sports zone and playground in some blocks of the project area. There are some greeneries within the project
area. The degree of impact is considered as +1

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Landscape : For construction purpose many people are employed. Availability of gas and electric supply is
ensured in the area. The degree of impact is positive and considered as +3.

Shopping Centre: After implementation of the development plan the impact has been considered as +1.

Medical facility: Available medical facility within the study area is not up to the mark. More than half of the
people commented about insufficient medical facility during field survey. After implementation of the project
degree of impact is considered as +1.

Educational facility: About 57.14% of the house owners responded that educational institutes are not sufficient
in their locality. It has been found that there is no significant educational institute within the project area. After
implementation of the project degree of impact is considered as +1.

Disposal of garbage: The total amount of the residential area is about 237.49 acres where more than 2 lakhs
population lives (Graves and Gooch, 1986). By considering the waste generation rate 0.5 kg per person per day
(as per ADB standard) almost 100 ton of waste generates residential areas every day. Some contractors are
working within these areas for collecting waste on door to door basis as a business (Marsh and Viglione, 1992).
Occupants of these residential areas have to pay Tk. 200-500 per month as a service charge. Usually these
contractors’ use human hauler or special types of van to collect from households and carry them to secondary
disposal point of nearby dustbins or containers. The degree of impact is negative and considered as -2.

Table 4: Impact assessment

Parameters Relative importance Degree of impact Relative impact EIV
(Wi) (Vi)

Physical Resources 120 -145

Surface water quality 25 -4 -100
Ground water quality 30 +2 +60
Air and noise pollution 20 -3 -60
Soil quality 15 -2 -30
Climate 15 0 0
Hydrology 15 -1 -15
subtotal -145
Ecological Resources 100 -120
Fisheries 30 -2 -60
Aquatic biology 20 -3 -60
Terrestrial flora and fauna 25 -1 -25
Forest 25 +1 +25
subtotal -120

Human Use Value 380 +290

Agriculture 35 0 0
Water supply 35 +4 +140
Navigation 30 -1 -30
Power/Gas supply 35 +3 +105
Drainage 30 -1 -30
Sewerage and waste 30 +1 +30
disposal
Sanitation 30 +1 +30
Recreation 30 +2 +60
Flood control 40 -3 -120
Industry 20 +1 +20
Road/Railway 35 -1 -35

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Land use 30 +4 +120

subtotal +290

Quality of Life Values 400 -15

Socio economic 30 +2 +60
Resettlement 35 -2 -70
Population 25 -1 -25
Agricultural land loss 30 -1 -30
Public health 40 -1 -40
Parasitic diseases 30 -1 -30
Nutrition 35 -1 -35
Public safety 35 +1 +35
Urban space 20 +1 +20
Landscape 25 +3 +75
Shopping Centre 20 +1 +20
Medical facility 25 +1 +25
Educational facility 30 +1 +30
Disposal of garbage 25 -2 -50
subtotal -15

TOTAL +10

From the impact assessment table it has been found that total environmental impact value is positive but EIV for
Physical resources, Ecological resources and quality of life value shows negative impact. So a comprehensive
mitigation plan is necessary. Some mitigation measures for minimizing the negative impact value are provided
here.
Item Types of environmental Mitigation measures
impact
Surface water quality Negative Implement and update as necessary a
comprehensive plan for the watershed, and develop
the research necessary to guide a management
program.
All types of effluent should be treated before
discharging into the surface water.
Inform residents within the watershed about how
their actions impact the system and enlist their
support in preservation efforts.
Increase public awareness and participation in the
management of the lake.
Restore the polluted portions of the lake through
constructing and operating regional storm water
treatment facilities throughout the watershed.
Air and noise pollution Negative Roadway noise can be reduced by the use of noise
barriers, limitation of vehicle speeds, alteration of
roadway surface texture, limitation of heavy
vehicles, use of traffic controls that smooth vehicle
flow to reduce braking and acceleration, and tire
design.
Seal complete earth works to reduce air pollution.
Pave or seal, keep clean, and spray with water
surfaces and routes heavily used by vehicles.
Operate construction equipment at low and slow
settings, limit working hours, monitor and enforce
noise levels to reduce noise pollution.
Inform surrounding communities when loud

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construction activities will occur to reduce their

impact during construction. (O’Donoghue and Clarke, 2010)

Soil quality Negative Enhance organic matter.

Avoid excessive tillage.
Prevent soil compaction.
Road/railway Negative Reduce roadside activities.
Remove illegal businesses on the footpath.
Public Health Negative The public health and surface water quality items
are interrelated and could be dealt integrally.
Improvement of surface water quality will
eventually improve public health.
Aquatic biology Negative Aquatic sanctuary/conservation recommended.

Terrestrial flora and fauna Negative Change in land use will exert long term effects on
terrestrial flora and fauna. So
sanctuary/conservation is recommended.
Disposal of garbage Negative Community based garbage collection and disposal
should be adopted.
No of local dustbin should be increased.
Waste collection from local dustbins should be
done on a regular basis.
Increase public awareness and participation in the
management of waste.

4. CONCLUTION
The study focuses on the water quality and environmental, hydrological and morphological investigation of
Hatirjheel. In our data analysis we shows how much polluted this lake is and by EIA recommendation we try to
show some solution to get rid of it. Hatirjheel is facing a rapid development and when development is rapid
environmental degradation is must. As the project needs to be sustainable a proper development plan integrated
with consideration of environmental issues should be implemented. The EIA analysis that has been performed
here shows positive environmental impact value (EIV). But EIV of physical resources, ecological resources and
quality of life values showed negative result. So proper mitigation and monitoring plan should be incorporated.
As per our study we are recommending 25% green belt in the landscaping of development area. Also buffer
zone for specific pollutant category is to be considered for balanced development. The green belt and
landscaping should be prepared as per master plan, Recycle waste water and Proper investment and
management planning of project to overcome environmental degradation (Santhanam, Martin, Goody and
Hicks, 2011). Vegetated storm water infiltration systems, such as, rain gardens, bio retention, storm water
planters, and tree box filters are depressed vegetated areas that use native soils or porous engineered soils,
plants, and their root systems to capture and treat urban runoff, and help infiltrate the water to the
subsurface.Vegetated infiltration systems can be used which are effective at reducing the volume of runoff by
soil retention, plant uptake, evapotranspiration, and infiltration. We will also recommend to use porous
Pavement covers a variety of stabilized surfaces that can be used for the movement and parking of vehicles
(automobiles, trucks, construction equipment, light aircraft, etc.) and storage of materials and equipment.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We are very grateful to our teacher Sayed Mukit Hossain, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering,
AUST. Except his help it was not possible to complete the research.

REFERENCES

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