TP4054 Standalone Linear Li-lon Battery Charger with Thermal

Regulation in SOT
DESCRIPTION
The TP4054 is a complete constant-current/constant-voltage linear charger for single cell
lithium-ion batteries. Its SOT package and low external component count make the TP4054
ideally suited for portable applications. Furthermore, the TP4054 can work within USB and wall
adapter.
No external sense resistor is needed, and no blocking diode is required due to the internal
PMOSFET architecture and have prevent to negative Charge Current Circuit. Thermal feedback
regulates the charge current to limit the die temperature during high power operation or high
ambient temperature. The charge voltage is fixed at 4.2V, and the charge current can be
programmed externally with a single resistor. The TP4054 automatically terminates the charge
cycle when the charge current drops to 1/10th the programmed value after the final float voltage is
reached.
When the input supply (wall adapter or USB supply) is removed, the TP4054 automatically enters
a low current state, dropping the battery drain current to less than 2uA. The TP4054 can be put
into shut down mode, reducing the supply current to 45uA. Other features include current monitor,
under voltage lockout, automatic recharge and a status pin to indicate charge termination and the
presence of an input voltage.
FEATURES
· Programmable Charge Current Up to
800mA
·No MOSFET, Sense Resistor or Blocking
Diode Required
· Complete Linear Charger in SOT23-5
Package for Single Cell Lithium-Ion
Batteries
·Constant-Current/Constant-Voltage
Operation with Thermal Regulation to Complete Charge Cycle (650mAh Battery)
Maximize Charge Rate Without Risk of
Overheating
·Charges Single Cell Li-Ion Batteries Directly
from USB Port
·Preset 4.2V Charge Voltage with 1%
Accuracy
·Charge Current Monitor Output for Gas
Gauging
·Automatic Recharge
·Charge Status Output Pin
·C/10 Charge Termination
·45uA Supply Current in Shutdown ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
·2.9V Trickle Charge Threshold (TP4054) ·Input Supply Voltage(VCC)：-0.3V～10V
·Soft-Start Limits Inrush Current ·PROG：-0.3V～VCC+0.3V
·Available in 5-Lead SOT-23 Package ·BAT：-0.3V～7V
APPLICATIONS · CHRG：-0.3V～10V
·Cellular Telephones, PDAs, MP3 Players ·BAT Short-Circuit Duration：Continuous
·Charging Docks and Cradles ·BAT Pin Current：800mA
·Blue tooth Applications ·PROG Pin Current：800uA
·Maximum Junction Temperature：145℃
TYPICAL APPLICATION
·Operating Ambient Temperature Range：-40
600mA Single Cell Li-lon Charger ℃～85℃
·Storage Temp. Range：-65℃～125℃
·Lead Temp.(Soldering, 10sec)：260℃

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PACKAGE/ORDER INFORMATION
ORDER PART NUMBER

TP4054-42-SOT25-R

S5 PART MARKING

S5 PACKAGE
5-LEAD PLASTIC SOT-23-5 54b

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
The ● denotes specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise
℃，VCC =5V，unless otherwise noted.
specifications are at TA=25℃
UNI
SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX
TS
VCC Input Supply Voltage ● 4.0 5 9.0 V
Input Supply Current Charge Mode, RPROG = 10k ● 150 500 µA
StandbyMode(Charge ● 45 100 µA
Terminated) ● 45 100 µA
ICC
Shutdown Mode (RPROG Not 45 100
Connected,VCC < VBAT, or VCC <
VUV)
Regulated Output (Float) 0℃≤TA≤85℃，IBAT=40mA 4.15 4.2 4.242 V
VFLOAL
Voltage 8
BAT Pin Current RPROG = 10k, Current Mode ● 90 100 110 mA
RPROG = 1.66k, Current Mode ● 250 400 450 mA
Standby Mode, VBAT = 4.2V ● 0 －2.5 －6 µA
IBAT
Shutdown Mode (RPROG Not ±1 ±2 µA
Connected) －1 －2 µA
Sleep Mode, VCC = 0V
ITRIKL Trickle Charge Current VBAT<VTRIKL, RPROG=10K ● 15 25 35 mA
Trickle Charge Threshold RPROG=10K, VBAT Rising 2.8 2.9 3.0 V
VTRIKL
Voltage
Trickle Charge Hysteresis RPROG=10K 60 80 100 mV
VTRHYS
Voltage
VCC Undervoltage Lockout From VCC Low to High ● 3.4 3.6 3.8 V
VUV
Threshold
VCC Undervoltage Lockout ● 150 200 300 mV
VUVHYS
Hysteresis
Manual Shutdown PROG Pin Rising ● 3.40 3.50 3.60 V
VMSD
Threshold Voltage PROG Pin Falling ● 1.90 2.00 2.10 V
VCC-VBATLockout VCC from Low to High 60 100 140 mV
VASD
Threshold Voltage VCC from High to Low 5 30 50 mV
C/10 Termination Current RPROG=10K ● 8 10 12 mA
ITERM
Threshold RPROG=2K ● 40 50 60 mA
VPROG PROG Pin Voltage RPROG=10K，Current Mode ● 0.9 1.0 1.1 V
Pin Weak =5V 8 20 35 µA
Pull-Down Current
Pin Output Low =5mA 0.1 0.3 0.5 V
Voltage

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 Recharge Battery VFLOAT-VRECHRG 100 150 200 mV
ΔVRECHRG
Threshold Voltage
Junction Temperature in 120 ℃
TLIM Constant Temperature
Mode
Power FET “ON” 650 mΩ
RON Resistance
(Between VCC and BAT)
tss Soft-Start Time IBAT = 0 to IBAT =1000V/RPROG 20 µs
Recharge Comparator VBAT High to Low 0.8 1.8 4 ms
tRECHARGE
Filter Time
Termination Comparator IBAT Falling Below ICHG/10 0.8 1.8 4 ms
tTERM
Filter Time
PROG Pin Pull-Up 2.5 µA
IPROG
Current
TYPICAL PERFORRMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
PROG Pin Voltage vs Supply PROG Pin Voltage vs Charge Current vs
Voltage (Constant Current Mode) Temperature PROG Pin Voltage

Regulated Output(Float) Voltage Regulated Output(Float) Voltage Regulated Output(Float) Voltage

vs Charge Current vs Temperature vs Supply Voltage

CHRGPin I-V Curve CHRG Pin Current vs Temperature CHRG Pin I-V Curve
(Strong Pull-Down State) (Strong Pull-Down State) (Weak Pull-Down State)

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CHRGPin Current vs Temperature Trickle Charge Current vs Trickle Charge Current vs
(Weak Pull-Down State) Temperature Supply Voltage

Trickle Charge Threshold vs Charge Current vs Battery Charge Current vs Supply

Temperature Voltage Voltage

Charge Current vs Ambient Recharge Voltage vs power TEF “ON” Resistance

Temperature Temperature vs Temperature

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PIN FUNCTIONS of the BAT pin voltage, theTP4054 enters
shutdown mode, dropping IBAT to less than 2µA
（Pin 1） ）：Open-Drain Charge Status
PROG（ （Pin 5））：Charge Current Program,
Output. When the battery is charging, the
pin is pulled low by an internal Charge Current Monitor and Shutdown Pin.
N-channel MOSFET. When the charge cycle The charge current is programmed by
is completed, a weak pull-down of
connecting a 1% resistor, RPROG,to ground.
approximately 20µA is connected to the
pin, indicating an “AC present” condition. When charging in constant-current mode,
When the TP4054 detects an under voltage this pin servos to 1V.
lockout condition, is forced high
impedance. The PROG pin can also be used to shut down
GND（ （Pin 2） ）：Ground the charger. Disconnecting the program resistor
BAT（Pin 3） ）：Charge Current Output. Provides from ground allows a 2.5µA current to pull the
charge current to the battery and regulates the PROG pin high. When it reaches the 2.70V
final float voltage to 4.2V. An internal precision shutdown threshold voltage, the charger enters
resistor divider from this pin sets the float shutdown mode, charging stops and the input
voltage which is disconnected in shutdown supply current. drops to 45µA. Reconnecting
mode.
RPROG to ground will return the charger to
VCC（Pin 4） ）：Positive Input Supply Voltage.
Provides power to the charger. VCC can range normal operation.
from 4V to 9V and should be bypassed with at
least a 1µF capacitor. When VCC drops to within
30mV

BLOCK DIAGRAM

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OPERATION 1000
Formula 2： RPROG = （IBAT ≤0.15A）
I BAT
The TP4054 is a single cell lithium-lion battery
charger using a constant-current/constant-volt Exp1:When we need IBAT＝0.4A,user Formula
-age algorithm. It can deliver up to 800mA of 1.
charge current (using a good thermal PDB
layout) with a final float voltage accuracy of±1%. 1000  4 
RPROG = × 1.2 − × 0.4  = 1666 （Ω）
The TP4054 includes an internal P-channel 0.4  3 
power MOSFET and thermal regulation
circuitry. No blocking diode or external current RPROG＝1.66kΩ
sense resistor is required; thus, the basic Exp2:When we need IBAT＝0.1A,user Formula
charger circuit requires only two external 2.
components Furthermore, the TP4054 is
1000 1000
capable of operating from a USB power source. RPROG = = = 10000 （Ω）
I BAT 0.1
Normal Charge Cycle
A charge cycle begins when the voltage at the RPROG＝10kΩ
VCC pin rises above the UVLO threshold level Charge Termination
and a 1% program resistor is connected from
A charge cycle is terminated when the charge
the PROG pin to ground or when a battery is
current falls to 1/10th the programmed value
connected to the charger output. If the BAT pin
after the final float voltage is reached. This
is less than 2.9V, the charger enters trickle
condition is detected by using an internal,
charge mode. In this mode, the TP4054
filtered comparator to monitor the PROG pin.
supplies approximately 1/10 the programmed
When the PROG pin voltage falls below 100mV
charge current to bring the battery voltage up to
for longer than tTERM (typically 1.8ms), charging
a safe level for full current charging.
is terminated. The charge current is latched off
When the BAT pin voltage rises above 2.9V,
and the TP4054 enters standby mode, where
the charger enters constant-current mode,
the input supply current drops to 45µA. (Note:
where the programmed charge current is
C/10 termination is disabled in trickle charging
supplied to the battery. When the BAT pin
and thermal limiting modes).
approaches the final float voltage (4.2V), the
When charging, transient loads on the BAT pin
TP4054 enters constant-voltage mode and the
can cause the PROG pin to fall below 100mV
charge current begins to decrease. When the
for short periods of time before the DC charge
charge current drops to 1/10 of the
current has dropped to 1/10th the programmed
programmed value, the charge cycle ends.
value. The 1.8ms filter time (tTERM) on the
Programming Charge Current termination comparator ensures that transient
The charge current is programmed using a loads of this nature do not result in premature
single resistor from the PROG pin to ground. charge cycle termination. Once the average
The program resistor and the charge current charge current drops below 1/10th the
are calculated using the following equations: programmed value, the TP4054 terminates the
Formula 1： charge cycle and ceases to provide any current
through the BAT pin. In this state, all loads on
1000  4  the BAT pin must be supplied by the battery.
RPROG = × 1.2 − I BAT 
I BAT  3  The TP4054 constantly monitors the BAT pin
voltage in standby mode. If this voltage drops
（IBAT >0.15A） below the 4.05V recharge threshold (VRECHRG),
another charge cycle begins and current is
once again supplied to the battery. To manually
7
restart a charge cycle when in standby mode, above the undervoltage lockout threshold. The
the input voltage must be removed and UVLO circuit has a built-in hysteresis of 200mV.
reapplied, or the charger must be shut down Furthermore, to protect against reverse current
and restarted using the PROG pin. Figure 1 in the power MOSFET, theUVLO circuit keeps
shows the state diagram of a typical charge the charger in shutdown mode if VCC falls to
cycle. within 30mV of the battery voltage. If the UVLO
comparator is tripped, the charger will not come
Charge Status Indicator ( ) out of shutdown mode until VCC rises 100mV
The charge status output has three different above the battery voltage.
states: strong pull-down (~10mA), weak Manual Shutdown
pull-down (~20µA) and high impedance. The
At any point in the charge cycle, the TP4054
strong pull-down state indicates that the
can be put into shutdown mode by removing
TP4054 is in a charge cycle. Once the charge
cycle has terminated, the pin state is RPROG thus floating the PROG pin. This
determined by undervoltage lockout conditions. reduces the battery drain current to less than
A weak pull-down indicates that VCC meets the 2µA and the supply current to less than 50µA.
UVLO conditions and the TP4054 is ready to A new charge cycle can be initiated by
charge. High impedance indicates that the reconnecting the program resistor.
TP4054 is in undervoltage lockout mode: either In manual shutdown, the CHRG pin is in a
VCC is less than 100mV above the BAT pin weak pull-down state as long as VCC is high
voltage or insufficient voltage is applied to the enough to exceed the UVLO conditions. The
VCC pin. A microprocessor can be used to CHRG pin is in a high impedance state if the
distinguish between these three states—this TP4054 is in undervoltage lockout mode: either
method is discussed in the Applications VCC is within 100mV of the BAT pin voltage or
Information section. insufficient voltage is applied to the VCC pin.
Thermal Limiting Automatic Recharge
An internal thermal feedback loop reduces the Once the charge cycle is terminated, the
programmed charge current if the die TP4054 continuously monitors the voltage on
temperature attempts to rise above a preset the BAT pin using a comparator with a 1.8ms
value of approximately 100℃. The charging will filter time (tRECHARGE). A charge cycle restarts
be cut off untill the temperature is over when the battery voltage falls below 4.05V
140℃.This feature protects the TP4054 from (which corresponds to approximately 80% to
excessive temperature and allows the user to 90% battery capacity). This ensures that the
push the limits of the power handling capability battery is kept at or near a fully charged
of a given circuit board without risk of damaging condition and eliminates the need for periodic
the TP4054. The charge current can be set charge cycle initiations. CHRG output enters a
according to typical (not worst-case) ambient strong pulldown state during recharge cycles.
temperature with the assurance that the
charger will automatically reduce thecurrent in
worst-case conditions. ThinSOT power
considerations are discussed further in the
Applications Information section.

Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO)

An internal undervoltage lockout circuit
monitors the input voltage and keeps the
charger in shutdown mode until VCC rises
8
 current may be of interest to the user. For
example, if a switching power supply operating
in low current mode is connected in parallel
with the battery, the average current being
pulled out of the BAT pin is typically of more
interest than the instantaneous current pulses.
In such a case, a simple RC filter can be used
on the PROG pin to measure the average
battery current as shown in Figure 2. A 10k
resistor has been added between the PROG
pin and the filter capacitor to ensure stability.

Figure 1. State Diagram of a Typical Charge

Cycle
Figure 2. Isolating Capacitive Load on PROG
Stability Considerations
Pin and Filtering
The constant-voltage mode feedback loop is
stable without an output capacitor provided a Power Dissipation
battery is connected to the charger output. With The conditions that cause the TP4054 to
no battery present, an output capacitor is reduce charge current through thermal
recommended to reduce ripple voltage. When feedback can be approximated by considering
using high value, low ESR ceramic capacitors, the power dissipated in the IC. Nearly all of this
it is recommended to add a 1Ω resistor in power dissipation is generated by the internal
series with the capacitor. No series resistor is MOSFET—this is calculated to be
needed if tantalum capacitors are used. approximately:
In constant-current mode, the PROG pin is in
PD = (VCC − VBAT ) • I BAT
the feedback loop, not the battery. The
constant-current mode stability is affected by where PD is the power dissipated, VCC is the
the impedance at the PROG pin. With no input supply voltage, VBAT is the battery voltage
additional capacitance on the PROG pin, the and IBAT is the charge current. The approximate
charger is stable with program resistor values ambient temperature at which the thermal
as high as 20k. However, additional feedback begins to protect the IC is:
capacitance on this node reduces the T A = 120°C − PDθ JA
maximum allowed program resistor. The pole T A = 120°C − (VCC − VBAT ) • I BAT • θ JA
frequency at the PROG pin should be kept Example: An TP4054 operating from a 5V USB
above 100kHz. Therefore, if the PROG pin is supply is programmed to supply 400mA
loaded with a capacitance, CPROG, the full-scale current to a discharged Li-Ion battery
following equation can be used to calculate the with a voltage of 3.75V. Assuming θ JA is
maximum resistance value for RPROG: 150℃/W (see Board Layout Considerations),
the ambient temperature at which the TP4054
1 will begin to reduce the charge current is
R PROG ≤ 5
2π • 10 • C PROG approximately:
TA = 120°C − (5V − 3.75V ) • (400mA) •150°C / W
Average, rather than instantaneous, charge
9
TA = 120°C − 0.5W •150°C / W = 120°C − 75°C board layout because they will affect overall
temperature rise and the maximum charge
current. The following table lists thermal
TA = 45°C
resistance for several different board sizes and
The TP4054 can be used above 45°C ambient,
copper areas. All measurements were taken in
but the charge current will be reduced from
still air on 3/32" FR-4 board with the device
400mA. The approximate current at a given mounted on topside.
ambient temperature can be approximated by:

120°C − T A
I BAT =
(VCC − VBAT ) • θ JA
Using the previous example with an ambient
temperature of 60°C, the charge current will be
reduced to approximately:

120°C − 60°C 60°C

I BAT = =
(5V − 3.75V ) • 150°C / W 187.5°C / A
I BAT = 320mA
Moreover, when thermal feedback reduces the
charge current, the voltage at the PROG pin is Increasing Thermal Regulation
also reduced proportionally as discussed in the Current
Operation section. It is important to remember Reducing the voltage drop across the internal
that TP4054 applications do not need to be MOSFET can significantly decrease the power
designed for worst-case thermal conditions dissipation in the IC. This has the effect of
since the IC will automatically reduce power increasing the current delivered to the battery
dissipation when the junction temperature during thermal regulation. One method is by
reaches approximately120℃. dissipating some of the power through an
external component, such as a resistor or
Thermal Considerations diode.
Because of the small size of the ThinSOT23-5 Example: An TP4054 operating from a 5V wall
package, it is very important to use a good adapter is programmed to supply 800mA
thermal PC board layout to maximize the full-scale current to a discharged Li-Ion battery
available charge current. The thermal path for with a voltage of 3.75V. Assuming θ JA is
the heat generated by the IC is from the die to 125℃/W, the approximate charge current at
the copper lead frame, through the package anambient temperature of 25°C is:
leads, (especially the ground lead) to the PC
120°C − 25°C
board copper. The PC board copper is the heat I BAT = = 608mA By
sink. The footprint copper pads should be as
(5V − 3.75V ) • 125°C / W
wide as possible and expand out to larger dropping voltage across a resistor in series with
copper areas to spread and dissipate the heat a 5V wall adapter (shown in Figure 3), the
to the surrounding ambient. Feedthrough vias
on-chip power dissipation can be decreased,
to inner or backside copper layers are also
thus increasing the thermally regulated charge
useful in improving the overall thermal
performance of the charger. Other heat current
sources on the board, not related to the charger,
must also be considered when designing a PC

10
 120°C − 25°C
I BAT =
(VS − I BAT RCC − VBAT ) • θ JA

Figure 3. A Circuit to Maximize Thermal Mode Figure 4. Charge Current vs RCC

Charge Current VCC Bypass Capacitor
Solving for IBAT using the quadratic formula2.
Many types of capacitors can be used for input
2 4RCC(120°C −TA ) bypassing, however, caution must be exercised
(VS −VBAT) − (VS −VBAT)
θJA when using multilayer ceramic capacitors.
I BAT =
2RCC Because of the self-resonant and high Q
characteristics of some types of ceramic
Using RCC = 0.25Ω, VS = 5V, VBAT = 3.75V, TA =
capacitors,
25℃ and θ JA = 125℃/W we can calculate the high voltage transients can be generated under
some start-up conditions, such as connecting
thermally regulated charge current to be: the charger input to a live power source.
IBAT＝708.4mA Adding a 1.5Ω resistor in series with an X5R
While this application delivers more energy to ceramic capacitor will minimize start-up voltage
the battery and reduces charge time in thermal transients. For more information, refer to
mode, it may actually lengthen charge time in Application Note 88.
voltage mode if VCC becomes low enough to
Charge Current Soft-Start
put the TP4054 into dropout. Figure 4 shows
how this circuit can result in dropout as RCC The TP4054 includes a soft-start circuit to
becomes large. minimize the inrush current at the start of a
This technique works best when RCC values are charge cycle. When a charge cycle is initiated,
minimized to keep component size small and the charge current ramps from zero to the
avoid dropout. Remember to choose a resistor full-scale current over a period of approximately
with adequate power handling capability. 20µs.
This has the effect of minimizing the transient
current load on the power supply during
start-up.

Status Output Pin

The pin can provide an indication that
the input voltage is greater than the
undervoltage lockout threshold level. A weak

11
pull-down current of approximately 20mA current source will pull the IN pin low through
indicates that sufficient voltage is applied to the 800k resistor; if is high impedance,
VCC to begin charging. When a discharged the IN pin will be pulled high, indicating that the
battery is connected to the charger, the part is in a UVLO state.
constant current portion of the charge cycle Reverse Polarity Input Voltage Protection:
begins and the pin pulls to ground. The In some applications, protection from reverse
pin can sink up to 10mA to drive an LED polarity voltage on VCC is desired. If the supply
that indicates that a charge cycle is in progress. voltage is high enough, a series blocking diode
When the battery is nearing full charge, the can be used. In other cases, where the voltage
charger enters the constant-voltage portion of drop must be kept low a P-channel MOSFET
the charge cycle and the charge current begins can be used (as shown in Figure 6).
to drop. When the charge current drops below
1/10 of the programmed current, the charge
cycle ends and the strong pull-down is replaced
by the 20mA pull-down, indicating that the
charge cycle has ended. If the input voltage is
removed or drops below the undervoltage Figure 6. Low Loss Input Reverse
lockout threshold, the pin becomes high
Polarity Protection
impedance. Figure 5 shows that by using two
USB and Wall Adapter Power:
different value pull-up resistors, a
The TP4054 allows charging from both a wall
microprocessor can detect all three states from
adapter and a USB port. Figure 7 shows an
this pin. example of how to combine wall adapter and
USB power inputs. A P-channel MOSFET, MP1,
is used to prevent back conducting into the
USB port when a wall adapter is present and a
Schottky diode, D1, is used to prevent USB
power loss through the 1k pull-down resistor.
Typically a wall adapter can supply more
current than the 500mA-limited USB port.
Therefore, an N-channel MOSFET, MN1, and
Figure 5. Using a Microprocessor to an extra 10k program resistor are used to
Determine State increase the charge current to 600mA when the
To detect when the TP4054 is in charge mode, wall adapter is present.
force the digital output pin (OUT) high and
measure the voltage at the pin. The
N-channel MOSFET will pull the pin voltage low
even with the 2k pull-up resistor. Once the
charge cycle terminates, the N-channel
MOSFET is turned off and a 20mA current
source is connected to the pin. The IN
pin will then be pulled high by the 2k pull-up
resistor. To determine if there is a weak
pull-down current, the OUT pin should be Figure 7.Combining Wall Adapter and
forced to a high impedance state. The weak USB power

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PACKAGE DESCRIPTION S5 Package

5-Lead Plastic TSOT-23-5

TYPICAL APPLICATIONS

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Red Lingt And Green Light Control Circuit

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