A Research Submitted To the Faculty of the Senior High School Department.

Manila
Central University Caloocan City, Philippines

“RELATIONSHIP OF SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF

THE SELECTED STUDENT IN AN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION IN
CALOOCAN CITY”

Members:

Biason, M.

Piape, C.

Policios, S.

Marasigan,A.

Tolentino, C.

Tresvalles, A.

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the course Research in Daily Life

MARCH 2018

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 CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

I. Introduction

In our society nowadays, almost everyone knows and uses social media, may it
be a child, a student, or an adult. Millions of people use social media on a daily basis
because of the easy access of Internet connection and the emergence of mobile
devices. According to Wang, Chen, and Liang (2011), Social media is a virtual platform
created with a sole purpose of helping everyone to build new connections, to build
friendly relations other people, and for people to be able to exchange ideas and
information without direct or personal interaction. In one of the article published by the
Philippine Daily Inquirer on January 2017, it was reported there that the Philippines
ranked 1st worldwide with the most time spent on social media. Here in the Philippines,
most number of people who spend most of their time using social media is mostly a
student. Students can use social media as a medium for communicating with their
friends or classmates if ever they need to discuss something about group works,
projects, or other school related activities. Also, another reason why students use social
media is for them to know the latest news or events happening around them and also
they use it for entertainment purposes.

Academic performance is defined by students’ reporting of past semester GWA

(general weighted average) and their expected GWA for the current
semester. According to Judilla and Gemora (2015), the academic performance of
students is affected by their usage of social media. This was according to the end result
of the study they conducted in one of the universities in Iloilo City.

According to Olubiyi (2012), students these days are so engrossed in using

social media that they are online for almost 24 hours. Even inside their classrooms
while their teachers are discussing, it has been observed that some students are always
busy Facebooking and using social media. Times that must be allotted towards learning
in school, for doing academic research and innovation have been crushed by the
passion for meeting new friends online.

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 This is why many teachers blame the students’ usage of social media for the
poor academic performance of the students. This emerging phenomenon aroused the
researchers in conducting this study to discover if there is a correlation between the
Senior High School (SHS) students’ usage of social media and their academic
performance. The researchers decided to conduct this study in order to know whether
the number of hours students spends in using social media can affect their grades.
Since most of the population of students here in the Philippines utilizes social media on
a daily basis. The results of this research will give the studentand researchers an
awareness for the following relationship of social media usage to their academic
performance.

II. Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the relationship between the usage of social media
of Senior High School (SHS) students and their academic performance in a selected
Higher Education Institution (H.E.I.) in Caloocan City. Specifically, it seeks to answer
the following questions:
1. What is the profile of respondents in terms of:
 Age
 Gender
 Academic Strand
 Year level
2. How many hours does Senior High School (SHS) students spends:
 Using social media
a) Facebook
b) Twitter
c) Instagram
d) Youtube
 Studying
3. What are the grade/scores the students received in terms of:
 General Weighted Average (GWA)

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III. Hypothesis

The following hypotheses were derived from the statement of the problem.

1. There is no correlation between the students’ usage of social

media/internet and their academic performance.
2. Students’ general exposure to social media networks has no significant
influence on their academic performance.
3. The overused social media usage specifically the abusive consumption
does not lead to the poor academic performance of the students.

IV. Significance of the Study

Social media is “the relationships that exist between networks of people”. In the
last ten years, the online world has changed dramatically. The phenomenon had a great
impact especially to students because it is a collective of online communications
channels dedicated to community-based input, interaction, content-sharing and
collaboration. Aside from the advantage that the people can get from social media there
is also a correlating disadvantages.

This research is beneficial to the following:

 Students- For they will have an awareness in terms of the following

relationship of social media usage to their academic performance. Resulting
to a proper management of social media utilization.
 Parents- For they will have an in-depth understanding on the probable
academic effect that social media brought to their children’s academic
performance.
 Educators- For they can provide knowledge on the essence and proper use of
computers, gadgets and social media. This could give a probable explanation

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 to the educators who surmise why their students' academic performance is
changing.
 Social media developers/programmers- For they will be more sensitive to the
social media network they produce for the youth today. It can also help them
to create a better system for the students who are struggling with bad effects
of social networking sites.
 Government official- For they will be able to regulate the manufacture and
circulation of undesirable social media sites and to control the usage of social
networking sites, thus reducing the risk of assimilating such addicting
activities.
 Researchers- For they will determine the social media relationship to the
students’ academic performance. This research will serve as the future
reference for other researchers who will conduct a study related on the stated
subject matter.

V. Scope and Delimitations

This study aims to determine the relationship of social media usage to the
academic and school performance of students. The interviewees should be a student in
a Higher Education in Caloocan City. To be able to conduct this study, selected
students in Caloocan City were chosen. Specifically, the Grade 12 Senior High School
students. The researchers will use questionnaire as an instrument in this research
study. This type of study is a Quantitative research.

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 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Foreign
According to Coyle & Vaughn et al, (2013); Social media is a virtual platform that
helps people to make new connections, to improve friendly relations with other humans,
and to exchange information. Social networking sites (SNS), have become popular with
the help of digital technologies (tablet, smartphone, notebook, etc.) and internet
recently.

Based on the study Boyd & Ellison (2014), mentioned that many social
networking sites (Blogs, Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, Twitter, Youtube, etc.) are
using at the present time. One of the most popular sites is Facebook. The statistical
data showed that there are more than 500 million people with Facebook membership
and the majority of them are members of other social networking sites besides
approximately 250 million of these memberships visit Facebook site in each day at least
one time.

As social media becomes an integral part of people in daily lives. Raacke,

Williams, Marten et al, (2015); indicated that people have a social networking sites
account based on different reasons (making new friends, following famous people,
sharing personal information, commenting the events, etc.). These people addicted to
SNS are called as “heavy users”. Many studies were conducted to determine the
positive and negative effects of social networking sites. Schill (2013), reported that
social media has the negative impacts (anxiety, behavioral changes, mental health
problems, psychological effect, severe loss of personal productivity, stress, a sense of
guilt and crisis, etc.) on adolescents. Bryant et al.,(2014), indicated that many
adolescents preferred technological communication in order to express their feelings
and thoughts instead of using face to face communication.

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 In a more specific perspective, Boyd (2014), reported that people using
technology started it out as a hobby but for some computer literate people it has
become a social norm and way of life for people from all over the world. Teenagers and
young adults have especially embraced these sites as a way to connect with their
peers, share information, reinvent their personalities, and showcase their social lives.
With the increase oftechnology used for communicating with others and the popularity
of the Internet, Coyle (2008) concluded that, “Social Networking” has become an activity
that is done primarily on the Internet, with sites like Twitter, Facebook, Instagram,
Snapchat, and Skype.

In the conducted study, Young and Vasalou et al., (2013); stated that many
people actively participate in content generation and value creation, that’s the reason
why they examined their profiles to determine why and to what extent they are keen on
posting their entire identity, sharing pictures and videos, and indicating their religious
affiliations, marital status, and political orientations on the internet. These users interact
with others, exchange information about their interests, raised discussions about new
topics, follows news about specific topics on different Social Networking Sites.

Algawait E., (2015) stated that social media is a popular method for
communication amongst university students in Saudi Arabia. However, excessive social
media use can raise questions about whether academic performance is affected. The
results demonstrated that there was no linear relationship between

social media usage in a week and GPA score. Students highlighted that besides social
media use, time management is a factor which affects students’ studies.

According to Lewis (2015), Teenagers now use the Internet for the majority of
their daily activities and information gathering, as opposed to older generations who
used resources like the television or newspaper. Kist (2013), mentioned that a recent
survey showed that approximately ninety percent of teens in the United States have
Internet access, and about seventy-five percent of these teens use the Internet more
than once per day. This study also showed that approximately half of all teens who have
Internet access are also members of social networking sites, and use the Internet to
make plans and socialize with friends. In September, 2013, out of total adult internet

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users (18-29 years) 16% were those who were using any social networking site and this
percentage increased to 86% on May, 2013.

Tuckman (2014), defined performance as the apparent demonstration of

understanding, concepts, skills, ideas and knowledge of a person and proposed that
grades clearly depict the performance of a student. Hence, their academic performance
must be managed efficiently keeping in view all the factors that can positively or
negativelyaffect their educational performance. Use of technology such as internet is
one of the most important factors that can influence educational performance of
students positively or adversely. Shah et al. (2015), proposed that student users are
affected by the internet and this impact is determined by the type of internet usage.
They are positively affected by the informative use of internet while having drastic
impact of recreational use of internet on them. Also, Oskouei (2014), proposed that
internet is advantageous to both students and teachers if used as a tool of knowledge
creation and dissemination. Several studies have been done regarding social
networking and grades. Martin (2014), declared that

Whittemore School of Business and Economics recently conducted a survey of

over 1,000 students. They asked questions regarding which social network sites were
used, how much time they spent on a site, what their grade point average (GPA) was,
and what they were going to school for. It was concluded that there is no correlation
between how much time is spent on a social networking site and grades. The
University of New Hampshire agrees, and believes that current college students grew
up in the technology era and social networking is now just a part of a student's daily
routine. Their research show that '63% of heavy users received high grades,
compared to 65% of light users' (U of NH, 2014). The University of New Hampshire,
said that a majority of students use social networking for social connections and
entertainment, but are also using it for education and professional reasons.
Kirschnera, revealed that students who multi-task between social networking sites and
homework are likely to have 20% lower grades than a student who does not have a
social networking site in visual range. Kirschnera believes that even running a social

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networking site on the background on a student's PC while studying or doing
homework could lower a student's grade.

Enriquez (2013), Believes that "the problem is that most people have Facebook
or other social networking sites, their e-mails and maybe instant messaging constantly
running in the background while they are carrying out their tasks". Based on
(21stcenturyscholar.org), American Educational Research Association conducted a
research and it was declared on its annual conference in San Diego, California (2014)
that SNSs users study less and generated lower grades eventually.

Similarly, Banquil et al., (2013), found a continuing drop of grades among student
users of social networking sites. However, many researchers also found a positive
association between use of internet and SNS and academic performance of the student
users. Linda et al., (2015); mentioned that students, using internet frequently, scored
higher on reading skills test and had higher grades as well. An ever increasing growth
rate of SNS not only calls for the parental and teacher monitoring of student users but
also attracting the focus of academicians and researchers towards this phenomenon.

Bugeja and Cariccioso et al., (2015), declared that student’s use of social
networking continues to create challenges and issues for higher education professionals
and keeping abreast of these challenges has proved difficult because of the speed at
which new technologies are being introduced There is evidence that higher education
institutions have taken initiatives in disclosing information about online social networking
involvement to their students. An example is Cornell University’s given by Mitrano
(2014), stating the “Thoughts on Facebook”, which creates students awareness about
the responsible use of online social networking. Following Cornell University, Kord
(2013), proclaimed that many institutions have adopted this approach that informed
students by using anecdotal literature to guide their actions. The study looks at Social
networks in relation to its impact on academic needs. Social networks are studied with
an educational context; they are part of a virtual learning environment. The classroom is
shifting in time and space with e learning. The rampant use of social networks for
learning purposes by students makes this study imperative. SNS are part of this virtual
learning environment

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Local

Davin, Garcia, Guillen, Maitem, Salvaleon (2017), revealed that majority of the
respondent experienced negative effects such as less study time and due to the heavy
participation rate on social media networks. In addition, there was a high addiction rate
among students in the usage of social media networks. The researcher used the
multiple choice questionnaires and frequency questionnaire in gathering the data. In a
said study, the results showed that the respondents study habit and academic
performance were to high extent influenced by social networking. He defined how Social
Media affects the school performances of the students.

Tamayo and Dela Cruz (2014), specified that Social Media is considered as
phenomenal in today’s generation. It conquers the world by storm and became more
popular to the youth of most nations including the Philippines. This research aims to
study the relationship of Social Media in relation to the Academic Performance of the
students of Bachelor of Science in Information technology at Centro Escolar University-
Malolos. The results is there are more frequent user of Social Media among the
respondents participated in the study.

According to Acuta,et al (2017), this study was carried out to determine if the
students’ academic performance is affected by their internet usage. For the results, the
researchers recommend that Educators may encourage students to use the internet by
giving them assignment, projects, and online quizzes.

In the advent of internet technology, social communication using the internet

became the frontier of daily communication, collaboration and networking. Morallo
(2014), stated out that all students in Lyceum of the Philippines, Laguna have Facebook
accounts and were significantly registered to more than one SNSs account. He found
out that the higher the time spent on SNSs showed the lower is the time spent on
studying. He also stated that SNSs usage had no significant relationship on student
academic performance.

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 According to the study conducted by Tamayo and Dela Cruz (2014), there is a
correlation between student’s academic performance and their usage of social media. In
their study, they randomly selected a total of 138 students as their respondents. Out of
the 138 respondents, 44.3% are those who use social media occasionally, and 55.7%
are those who use social media frequently. The results of their study showed that those
who use social media occasionally tends to concentrate on school work, and they
performed better in school than those who frequently use social media.

Judilla and Gemora (2015) mentioned in their study which entitled “The Influence
of Social Networking on the Study Habits and Performance of Students in a State
University”, that social networking highly influence students regardless of their age, sex,
and socio-economic status. Based on the end results of their study, they found that
their chosen respondents’ study habits and academic performance were highly
influenced by social networking.

To be able to adapt to the changing era on technology – assisted education,

students must possess the necessary knowledge and foundation regarding to the
modern technology. Based from this inference, the researchers sought answers or
solutions, which are concerned with the effects of utilizing current technology on level III
nursing students of Manila Central University in their knowledge, skills and attitude. The
thesis is, in addition, determines the extent of knowledge the students have regarding
modern technology. This study is a quantitative research design, non – experimental:
descriptive correlational. The sampling design employed was non – probability
specifically purposive sampling design. Our sample is composed of the level III nursing
students; with a total of 52 samples which are all officially enrolled in Manila Central
University for the school year 2013 – 2014. The data were obtained through
disseminating self – report method, specifically self – administered questionnaires
divided into 3 parts. The first part aimed to determine the monthly allowance of the
respondents, the second part is about the extent of utilization and the third part is about
the level of knowledge of the students in terms of the web, hardware, and software. All
ethical considerations were observed during the data collection. For the presentation of
the data, descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution table and relative

11
percentage was used. For testing the hypotheses of this study, the researchers used
inferential statistics applicable for ordinal data which is the Goodman and Kruskal’s
Gamma. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between the level
III nursing students’ monthly allowance and level of knowledge about modern
technology and their extent of utilization of modern technology in their learning activities.
Based on the following results of the study, the researchers’ recommendations about
the use of technology are by, using and managing appropriate technological processes
and resources in facilitating learning and improving performance. Other
recommendations will be by using modern technology for distance learning to help
students in their studies and lastly the use of websites for added opportunity to take
learning outside of the classroom and into any place that has internet connections.
Computers, video games and the internet become part of our daily living computer
usage has reached beyond work and is now a major source of fun and entertainment.
Most people, computer use play a major part of their lives in a balance healthy manner
that can cause a great impact in a life of an individual. When a person spends up to 10
hours a day or more major social school or work disruption will result. The psychologists
labeled video game and internet addiction as Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD).
Computer addictions like any addiction can creep up on a person without being aware
of it.

This study was conducted primarily to evaluate the relationship of computer and
internet usage to the life of the student. The researchers aimed to determine the
relationship of computers to the performance of the students in the class.

A total of 40 respondents well subjected on a survey. Most of the respondents

answered that their grades are a little lower because, they spent a lot more time in using
computers than studying their lessons which results to a poor performance in the
school.

It can be concluded that respondents recognize the effect of the computer and
internet usage in their school performance. The most commonly reported problem was
the negative impact of computers in regards with their performance in the school.

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 I. Conceptual Framework

Usage of Academic
Social Media Performance

Figure 1.The Relationship of social media usage and Academic performance of

the Students

Figure 1 represent the conceptual framework of this study. It is illustrated by a

paradigm that manifest the possible relationship between the demographic profile,
Social media usage and the academic performance of the respondents.

As shown in the figure, the social media network is measured in terms of its usage
in the following category, namely the Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and Youtube.
Similary the academic performance of the students is measured in terms of its diverse
classification such as quizzes, exams, performance tasks, seatworks, and recitation.
The demographic profile on the other hand is composed of age,

gender, academic strand and year level of the target student respondent. The
variables of the demographic profile is correlated to the overall measure of the social
media usage and academic performance, and the total measure of the social media
usage is parallel to the overall weigh of academic performance.

The paradigm exhibit the possible connection of the social media usage and
academic performance of the respondent that matched their demographic profile.
Furthermore, it will ascertain the degree of relationship between the two variables
mentioned.

II. Theoretical Framework

Social media become popular these days so a lot of teenager students in the
whole world have their social media accounts. Social media can be very helpful but it

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 takes also negative impacts to the student performances inside the school. It used as a
way of communication but with the increase of technology and the popularity of internet,
social media has become an activity that is done primarily on the internet and it become
a part of their daily routine. Students are more into social media and majority of them
experienced negative effects such as less study time and due to heavy participation rate
on social media networks. According to Mensah S. and Nizam S. Dr (2016), the two
specified that there is a significant relationship between time appropriateness; time
duration; friends and people connection; nature of usage; health addiction;
security/privacy problems and student’s academic performances. Students experience
both positive and negative impacts of social media to the student performances. Thus,
there is this research.

This research is based on the Uses and Gratification Theory by Elihu Katz. This
theory focuses on the reasons why individuals use certain media and the positive and
negative effects of using media to individuals. By utilizing this kind of approach in this
study, the researchers would be able to understand what gratification the students seek
and whether that gratification is obtained and what effects of the gratification obtained
have on the user of the media (Park et.al:2009). This research is also based on
Bandura’s Social Learning Theory. Bandura’s Social Learning Theory posits that people
learn from one another, via imitation, observation and modeling. A theoretical
framework according to Ainin et al (2015), states that social learning theory basically
explains how the environmental and cognitive components collaborate to affect an
individual learning and behaviour pattern.

III. Definition of Terms

The followings were the key terms used in this research and their constitutive
and operational definitions:

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Social Networking Sites- Is web-based services that allow individuals to create a public
profile, to create a list of users with whom to share connection, and view and cross the
connections within the system. Most social network services are web-based and provide
means for users to interact over the Internet, such as e-mail and instant messaging.
Social network sites are varied and they incorporate new information and
communication tools such as, mobile connectivity, photo/video/sharing and blogging.
Online community services are sometimes considered as a social network service,
though in a broader sense, social network service usually means an individual-centered
service whereas online community services are group-centered. Social networking sites
allow users to share ideas, pictures, posts, activities, events, interests with people in
their network.

Social media- Is a virtual platform. This platform helps people to make new connections,
to improve friendly relations with other humans, and to exchange information.

Academic Performance- Academic performance refers to the extent to which the

student accomplished an action, task and function academically.

Academic Achievements- Academic achievements refers to the extent to which the

student is successful in the extra-curricular activities.

Study Habits-Are the behaviors used when preparing for tests or learning academic
material. It is also the regular practice of a person to maximize their productivity,
efficiency, and retention in preparation for a particular evaluation.

Higher Education Institution-A level of education that is provided by universities,

vocational universities, community colleges, liberal arts colleges, institutes of technology
and other collegiate level institutions, such as vocational schools, trade schools and
career colleges, that award academic degrees or professional certifications.

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

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 I. Research Design

The correlational method of research was used in this study as it is applicable in

determining the relationship (or covariation) between the 2 or more quantitative variable
from the same group of participants.

Since the researcher would like to recognize the relationship of the students’
academic performance and social media in a Higher Education Institution, Correlational
Method is the most efficient method to use. The researchers will apply a quantitative
research method in order to determine the number of students in a Higher Education
who experienced the impact of social media to their academic performance. As a
necessary requirement to this study, the researcher will set aside his or her
experiences, perceptions, or understanding and partiality to ensure the objectivity and
reliability of the research study.

II. Research Locale

The Higher Education Institution that was chosen is the alma mater of the
following researchers namely, Manila Central University. This was located at
Epifaniodelos Santos Avenue (EDSA), Morning Breeze Subdivision, Caloocan, 1400
Metro Manila. The research questionnaire is implemented on the (40) grade 12 Senior
high school students of the school year 2017-2018. It was conducted on March 2018 at
3rd and 4th floor region of the new building. An accessible respondents that can
effectively contribute to the research fulfillment is the main reason of choosing this place
as a research location

III. Sampling Technique

A simple random sampling procedure was used for the participants in this study.
This technique was employed to ensure a fairly equal representation of the variables for
the study. The researchers selected two sections of Grade 12 Senior High School class,
specifically the STEM 12-1 and STEM 12-3 that was composed of Forty (40) students
each. Then twenty (20) students were chosen in each section by writing out their names

16
in a piece of paper which was folded and put in a basket to shuffle. When the chosen
student name was recorded, the researcher then again shuffle and record until the
required number is obtained. The chosen respondent is composed of Twenty (20)
STEM 12-1 students and Twenty (20) STEM 12-2 students. The researchers chosen
the 2 particular section of respondents because of its accessibility to answer the
questionnaire firmly, for the fulfillment of the research study.

Table 1.

Total number of students in the stated section:

SECTION NUMBER OF STUDENTS:

STEM 12-1 40
STEM 12-3 40

Table 2.

Total number of respondents in each section:

NUMBER OF SELECTED STUDENTS SECTION

20 STEM 12-1
20 STEM 12-3
TOTAL NUMBER OF RESPONDENT 40

In Table 1, the 1st row is one of the selected section which was STEM 12-1 and it
was consisted of Forty (40) students, while the 2 nd row belongs to STEM 12-3 which
consist of Forty (40) students.

The Table 2 presents the total number of respondents in each section. The 1 st
row indicates the number of participant of the STEM 12-1, which was Twenty (20) and
the 2nd row specify the number of participant that belongs to STEM12-3 which was
Twenty (20). The last row represents the calculated total number of respondent in the
research study which was Forty (40).

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 The researchers decided to have a total of Forty (40) respondents for in
conducting a quantitative study the minimum number of respondents required is Thirty
(30).

IV. Research Instrument

A well-constructed questionnaire and a measurement entitled as as “Pearson
Correlational Coefficient” (PCC), was used to get the desired information from the
students. The questionnaire was composed of sets that entails the psychographic
information of the respondents. The instrument used is answerable on a scale of “SD”
which stands for strongly disagree, “D” for disagree, “N” for neutral, “A” for agree and
“SA” for strongly agree.
V. Data Gathering Procedure

The study about “Relationship of Social Media usage to the academic performance
of selected students in a Higher Education Institution of Caloocan City” used
questionnaires, in order to further understand, improve and develop the research.

The researchers asked for the permission of the following respondents using
informed consent and produce questionnaire that has series of questions often
designed for statistical analysis of the responses. The respondents of Manila Central
University was divided into two sections (A and B). The instruments used was
composed of psychographic informationand was answerable on a scale of ““SD” which
stands for strongly disagree, “D” for disagree, “N” for neutral, “A” for agree and “SA” for
strongly agree. In both section A and B, the 40 students are given sets of question that
was answerable by “SD” which stands for strongly disagree, “D” for disagree, “N” for
neutral, “A” for agree and “SA” for strongly agree.

The researchers utilized a quantitative research and statistical way of accumulating

the data. In choosing the desired respondents, the researchers used the method of
simple random sampling where-in each students has an equal probability of being
chosen as a respondent to the study.

VI. Statistical Treatment of Data

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 After accumulating the data needed by the use of statistical procedure, the
researchers then evaluate and tabulate the gathered data using the “as “Pearson
Correlational Coefficient” (PCC) to effectively determine the relationship of social
media to the academic performance of the students

Formula:

r =n ( ∑ xy ) −¿ ¿

Where:
Y= Students Academic Performance
X= Social Media Usage

VII. References

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 Course BB.(January,2017);The effects of social media on student
performance. Retrived from: https://www.coursebb.com/2017/01/01/literature-
review-the-effects-of-social-media-on-student-performance/

Fatema,J.(February,2014); Research on Effect of Social Media on Academic

Performance: Study on the students of University of Dhaka. Retrieved from:
https://www.scribd.com/document/255145543/Reaserch-on-Effect-of-Social-
Media-on-Academic-Performance-Study-on-the-students-of-University-of-Dhaka

Morallo (2014).The Effects of Social Networking Sites on Students Academic

Performances.Retreived from: http://research.lpubatangas.edu.ph/wp-
content/uploads/2014/08/GSRJ-EFFECTS-OF-SOCIAL-NETWORKING-
SITES.pdf
Davin, Garcia, et al; (2017). Social Media and Its Effect to the Study Habit of the
Students.Retrieved from:
http://www.academia.edu/31753483/SOCIAL_MEDIA_UTILIZATION_AND_ITS_
EFFECT_TO_THE_STUDY_HABIT_OF_THE_STUDENTS

Algawait, E. (2015). Impact of social media usage on students academic

performance in Saudi Arabia. Retrieved from:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563214004804

Tamayo et. al (2014). The Relationship of Social Media with the Academic
Performance of Bachelor of Science in Information Technology Students of
Centro Escolar University Malolos Retrieved from: http://www.ijsrp.org/research-
paper-0514/ijsrp-p29125.pdf

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