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    Snell'S Law Summative Practical Investigation: by Osura Jayasundara Stage 1 Physics

    Uploaded by

    Aref Dahabrah
    This document describes an experiment to verify Snell's law for light passing from air into perspex. Measurements were taken of the angle of incidence and angle of refraction for light rays entering perspex at various angles between 5-35 degrees. A graph of sine of the angle of incidence vs sine of the angle of refraction showed a linear relationship, with a constant slope of 0.6871, close to the expected refractive index of 1.48 for perspex. Some inaccuracy in measurements limited the precision of results, but overall the experiment supported Snell's law that the ratio of sines of the angles is a constant for a given material interface.

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    Snell'S Law Summative Practical Investigation: by Osura Jayasundara Stage 1 Physics

    Uploaded by

    Aref Dahabrah
    83 views7 pages
    This document describes an experiment to verify Snell's law for light passing from air into perspex. Measurements were taken of the angle of incidence and angle of refraction for light rays entering perspex at various angles between 5-35 degrees. A graph of sine of the angle of incidence vs sine of the angle of refraction showed a linear relationship, with a constant slope of 0.6871, close to the expected refractive index of 1.48 for perspex. Some inaccuracy in measurements limited the precision of results, but overall the experiment supported Snell's law that the ratio of sines of the angles is a constant for a given material interface.

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    This document describes an experiment to verify Snell's law for light passing from air into perspex. Measurements were taken of the angle of incidence and angle of refraction for light rays entering perspex at various angles between 5-35 degrees. A graph of sine of the angle of incidence vs sine of the angle of refraction showed a linear relationship, with a constant slope of 0.6871, close to the expected refractive index of 1.48 for perspex. Some inaccuracy in measurements limited the precision of results, but overall the experiment supported Snell's law that the ratio of sines of the angles is a constant for a given material interface.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    83 views7 pages

    Snell'S Law Summative Practical Investigation: by Osura Jayasundara Stage 1 Physics

    Uploaded by

    Aref Dahabrah
    This document describes an experiment to verify Snell's law for light passing from air into perspex. Measurements were taken of the angle of incidence and angle of refraction for light rays entering perspex at various angles between 5-35 degrees. A graph of sine of the angle of incidence vs sine of the angle of refraction showed a linear relationship, with a constant slope of 0.6871, close to the expected refractive index of 1.48 for perspex. Some inaccuracy in measurements limited the precision of results, but overall the experiment supported Snell's law that the ratio of sines of the angles is a constant for a given material interface.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    SNELL’S LAW SUMMATI

    PRACTICAL
    INVESTIGATION
    By Osura Jayasundara

    Stage 1 Physics
    Snell’s Law Summative Practical
    Investigation
    When light moves between two transparent media, at an angle to the junction, the light
    changes direction. Snell’s law states that the ratio of the sine of the angle of refraction to
    the angle of incidence is a constant for any given pair of media. This law is used to
    determine the direction of light rays through refractive media with varying indices of
    refraction.

    sin ∅ 1
    =Constant
    sin ∅ 2

    Aim: To verify Snell’s law for the air into Perspex interface using the apparatus provided

    Table of experimental results of the ray tracings

    Θi ΘR SinΘi SinΘr

    5° 3° .08715 .0523
    10° 6° .1736 .1045
    15° 9° .2588 .1564
    20° 12° .3420 .2079
    25° 16° .4226 .2756
    30° 19° .5 .3256
    35° 22° .5735 .3746

    Graph (Θi Vs
    Θr Vs ΘI Θr)
    25

    20

    15 ΘR Vs ΘI
    Linear (ΘR Vs ΘI)
    ΘI ΘR
    10 5 3
    10 6
    5 15 9
    20 12
    25 16
    0 30 19
    5 10 15 20 25 30 35
    35 22
    Graph SinΘi Vs SinΘr

    SinΘi Vs SinΘr Sin SinΘi


    Θr
    0.7 0.0 0.08
    523 715
    0.6 0.1 0.17
    045 36
    0.5
    0.1 0.25
    SinΘi Vs SinΘr 564 88
    0.4
    Linear (SinΘi Vs SinΘr) 0.2 0.34
    079 2
    0.3
    0.2 0.42
    756 26
    0.2
    0.3 0.5
    0.1
    256
    0.3 0.57
    0 746 35
    0.05 0.1 0.16 0.21 0.28 0.33 0.37

    sin ∅ i
    - The slope of graph =
    sin ∅ r
    (.2756−.1045)
    = (.4226−.1736)
    =0.6871
    - Points used (.1736, .1095), (.4226, .2756)
    - The slope of 0.6871 shows the steepness of the line SinΘi vs. SinΘr. This shows
    the trend and relationship with the ray tracings. It also shows the gradient of the
    constant in this graph Sini over Sinr and the same constant as the gradient of the
    graph speed of light in air/ Speed of light in the medium. The constant is the
    speeds of light in the two media.

    Angle of Incidence Angle of SinΘI/SinΘR Constant


    Refraction Refractive Index
    Sin5°= .08715 Sin3°=.0523 .08715/.0523 1.66
    Sin10°=.1736 Sin6°=.1045 .1736/.1045 1.66
    Sin15°=.2588 Sin9°=.1564 .2588/.1564 1.65
    Sin20°=.3420 Sin12°=.2079 .3420/.2079 1.64
    Sin25°=.4226 Sin16°=.2756 .4226/.2756 1.53
    Sin30°=.5 Sin19°=.3256 .5/.3256 1.53
    Sin35°=.5735 Sin22°=.3746 .5736/.3746 1.53
    Average= 1.6
    Conclusion

    Do your results to verify Snell’s Law.

    The results from this experiment show that Snell’s law works providing correct
    measurements and calculations are put in place. In the experiment completed, the results
    were found to be a bit inaccurate when considered with that of Snell’s law. Overall there
    was an average refractive index of 1.6 which is .12 over the average mark. So therefore this
    law provided does work if precise measurements and calculations are worked out.

    State the value of the constant

    The constant refractive index of Perspex is 1.48, which is very close to the refractive index
    attained in this experiment.

    Evaluation

    How accurate were your results?

    In order to obtain satisfactory results, it is a must to concentrate more on finding the


    accurate refraction degree. The results were slightly inaccurate due to the fact that not
    much effort put into getting the ray light on a straight line accurately. If the effort was put
    on to this the results would have been greatly increased.

    What limited the precision (accuracy)?

    The accuracy was slightly limited by precision of where points entered through the Perspex.
    The naming of the angles was also something which proved to be quite an effort, as
    retrieving exact measurements was something which was divisive as in individual activity.

    How could you improve the precision?

    In order to improve accuracy patience must be taken when considering the angles and when
    putting the ray light in a straight line at which intersections occur and how far apart each of
    the refracted rays are from each other in terms of angles.

    Research – Application Questions


    sin ∅ 1 v 1 n 2
    = =
    sin ∅ 2 v 2 n1

    What do v1, v2, n1 and n2 refer to?

    N=c/v where c is the speed of light in a vacuum and v is the speed of light in the medium,
    Also the ratio n2/n1 is called the relative index of refraction.
    V= referred as the velocity of light in respective medium.

    What is the refractive index of a material? Explain

    The refractive index of a material is the measure of speed of light in that substance, In other
    words it is a way of measuring the velocity at which a material is able to pass through a
    mediums refractive index. It is expressed as a ratio of the speed of light in vacuum relative
    to that in the considered medium. This can be defined as speed of light in material 1/speed
    of light in material 2. This also measure the bending of a ray of light when passing from one
    medium to another.

    If light was to travel from water (refractive index 1.33) into cubic zirconia (fake diamond,
    refractive index of 2.15) calculate the value of (SinΘ ‘i’/ SinΘ ‘r’) for this interface. If the
    angle of incidence was 45° what would the corresponding angle of refraction be?

    Cubic Zirconia Refractive Index= 2.15


    Water Refraction Index= 1.33 1.33xSin (45)/2.15= SinΘr

    N1SinΘi=N2SinΘr SinΘr=0.4374195437
    1.33xSin (45) = 2.15xSinΘr Θr=26°

    Repeat the previous question but for an Ethanol/diamond interface. State where you
    found your values (Ethanol is also called ethyl alcohol).

    Ethanol Refractive Index= 1.36 1.36xSin (45)/2.42=SinΘr


    Diamond Refractive Index= 2.42 SinΘr=0.3973823233

    N1SinΘi=N2SinΘr Θr= 23°


    1.36xSin (45) =2.42xSinΘr

    In text References
    RefractiveIndex.INFO - Refractive index database. 2011. RefractiveIndex.INFO - Refractive
    index database . http://refractiveindex.info/. [Accessed 29th May 2011].

    Refractive Index n.d., , accessed 16 June 2011,


    <http://www.matter.org.uk/Schools/SchoolsGlossary/refractive_index.html>.

    Snells law n.d., , accessed 16 June 2011,


    <http://www.sasked.gov.sk.ca/docs/physics/u3c12phy.html>.

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