ELECTRICITY GENERATOR, ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION,

ELECTRIC DISTRIBUTION
(ENGINEERING ENGLISH)

LECTURER OF PANGAMPU:
Drs. Wanapri Pangaribuan, MT.

ARRANGED BY:

Name : Dani Betran Hutasoit

Nim : 5203131023
Study Program : PTE-A

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
MEDAN STATE UNIVERSITY
2020
FOREWORD
With praise and gratitude for the presence of God Almighty, I have been able to complete the
Technical English paper entitled "Power Generation" on time.
The main purpose of preparing this paper is in addition to fulfilling one of the tasks of the
Engineering English course, also to help readers, especially teenagers, to know more about
electricity generation. Thus, it is hoped that prospective educators can carry out their duties as
well as possible to meet the future of their students as the younger generation who will
become the motor of national development in the future.
In preparing this paper, we would like to express our gratitude to the Advisory Lecturer for
Engineering English, Mr Drs. Wanapri Pangaribuan, MT. , my parents who always provide
support and advice.
Despite all his efforts, the author realizes that this paper is still not perfect. Therefore, I will
accept all the criticism and suggestions that readers will give with the spaciousness of their
heart to improve in the future.
Finally, I hope that this paper can be of benefit to readers.

November, 2020

Dani Betran Hutasoit

5203131023

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE………………………………………………………………………………….
……
FOREWORD……………………………………………………………………….
TABLE OF
CONTENTS…………………………………………………………………………….......
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background……………………………………………………………………......

B. Formulation of the
problem…………………………………………………………………….

C. Destination…………………………………………………………………...................
.....

CHAPTER II DISCUSSION
A. Power plants………………………………………………………........................

B. Transmission……………………………………………………………………………
......

C. Distribution…………………………………..
…................................. ...............................

CHAPTER III CLOSING

A. Conclusion……………………………………………………………….......................

BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………………………..........

PIG
PRELIMINARY

A.Background
 In terms of language, what is meant by generator is something that awakens or a tool to
generate something. Thus in an electric power system what is meant by an electric power
generator is a tool / equipment that functions to generate electric power by converting
potential energy into mechanical power, then into electric power. Another term used to
describe a power plant is an electric power center. To obtain electrical energy, we can
utilize various sources of energy, for example hydropower, wind power, fossil fuels and
nuclear fuels. By using this energy source, energy is obtained to drive a turbine which will
activate an electric generator. The electrical energy generated must be converted into a
voltage suitable for transmission. After this process, the electric current is passed through
the transmission cable network to the area where it is needed. In the process of generating
electric power, there has been a process of changing mechanical energy into electrical
energy.

B. Formulation of the problem

What is electric generator \ power station, transmission, distribution.

C.Destination
Able to explain about power plant \ power station, transmission, distribution.

CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

A. POWER PLANT
Power plantsis part of the toolindustrywhich is used to produce and generateelectric
powerfrom various sources of energy, such
asPLTU,NPP,Hydropower,PLTB,PLTG,PLTS,PLTSa, and others.[1][2][3]The power plant is
usually connected insideelectricity system.
The main part of this power plant isgenerator, that is, the rotating machine that
transformsmechanical energyinto electrical energy using the principlemagnetic
fieldandelectric conductor. This generator engine is activated by using various energy sources
which are very useful in a power plant.

1. PLTA

Hydroelectric power plant(PLTA) is a power plant that relies onpotential

energyandkineticfromwaterto produceelectrical energy. In 2015 hydropower generated
16.6% of the world's total electricity and 70% of the totalrenewable energy,and is
expected to increase by 3.1% per year over the next 25 years.

2.PLTP

Geothermal Power Plants arepower plantswhich usesgeothermalas a source of energy.

Electricity from geothermal power is currently used in 24 countries, while geothermal heating
is used in 70. Estimates of the potential electricity that geothermal energy can generate range
from 35 to 2,000 GW. Current worldwide capacity is 10,715 megawatts (MW), with the
largest capacity inUnited States of Americaamounting to 3086 MW, followed
byPhilippinesandIndonesia. India has already announced plans to develop its first geothermal
power plant in Chhattisgarh.

3.PLTG

PLTG is a type of generator that uses "hot air" to turn a turbine. This hot air is generated by
heating the air using the gas in the combustion chamber. The hot air is then flowed to the
turbine.

4.PLTU

Steam Power Plant (PLTU) is a type of generator that uses "hot steam" to turn a turbine. The
hot steam used can come from the process of evaporating water through a boiler, this plant
uses coal as well as oil fuel to heat water.
5.PLTGU

Gas and Steam Power Plant (PLTGU)is a combination of PLTG and PLTU, where the heat
from the exhaust gas from the PLTG is used to produce steam which is used as the working
fluid in the PLTU. And the part that is used to produce the steam is HRSG (Heat Recovery
Steam Generator). PLTGU is an equipment installation that functions to convert heat energy
(the result of combustion of fuel and air) into useful electrical energy. Basically, this PLTGU
system is a combination of PLTG and PLTU. The PLTU utilizes heat and steam energy from
the combustion exhaust gases in the PLTG to heat water in the HRSG (Heat Recovery Steam
Genarator), so that it becomes dry saturated steam. This dry saturated steam will be used to
rotate the blade (propeller). The gas produced in the combustion chamber at the Gas Power
Plant (PLTG) will drive a turbine and then a generator, which will convert it into electrical
energy. Similar to PLTU, PLTG fuel can be in the form of liquid (BBM) or gas (natural gas).
The use of fuel determines the level of combustion efficiency and the process.

B. ELECTRICITY TRANSMISSION
Electric power transmissionis the delivery processelectric powermassively frompower
plants, topower house. The lines that are interconnected to facilitate this transmission are
known as power transmission lines. Transmission differs from the process of delivering
electricity from the substation to the user, which is usually referred to asdistribution of
electric power. The combination of the transmission and distribution network of electricity is
known as "electricity system".
Initially, the electricity transmission and distribution lines were owned by the same
company, but in the 1990s, many countries startedliberalizeelectricity regulations, so that a
company can have only transmission lines or only distribution channels.[1]
Most of the transmission lines conduct beralternating currentthree phasehigh voltage,
thoughalternating currentone phasesometimes also used inrailway electrification.
Technologyhigh-voltage direct currentit is also used to conduct electricity over very long
distances (usually hundreds of miles) because it is more efficient than alternating current.
This technology is also used onunderwater power cable(usually over a distance of more than
30 miles (50 km)).
Diagram of an electrical system; the transmission system is shown in blue
Electricity is transmitted onhigh voltage(115 kV and above) to reduce the loss of
electricity when delivered over long distances. Electricity is usually transmitted throughaerial
power lines, due to the transmission of electricity throughundergroundrequires greater
installation costs and many limitations in operation, although maintenance costs are lower.
Underground electricity transmission is usually used in urban areas and in areas with
sensitive environments.
Lack of electricity storage facilities in the transmission system means that electricity
must be generated at an amount equal to the current demand. A sophisticated control system
is required to ensure thatelectricity generationequal the amount of electricity the user needs.
If the amount of user demand is greater than the amount of electricity that can be generated,
then this imbalance can cause generation and transmission equipment to disconnect from the
electrical system automatically, in order to prevent damage. In the worst case, removal of
generator and transmission equipment from the system can result in a churnpower outagein a
large enough area. An example of this isPower failure in Java Bali 2005and2019 Java
blackout. To prevent this, the power transmission network is usually interconnected to other
transmission networks nearby, or even to transmission networks in other countries, by
providingredundancydouble, an alternative route to conduct electricity in case of a sudden
blackout. The transmission management company will usually determine the maximum
reliable capacity of each transmission line (usually less than the actual maximum capacity) to
ensure that there is spare capacity that can be used in the event of a failure on another
transmission line.
Currently, electricity on transmission lines usually has a voltage of 110 kV and above.
Lower voltages, such as 70 kV and 33 kV are usually also used on transmission lines where
the load is still low. While voltages lower than 33 kV are usually used fordistribution of
electric power.
Electric power can also be transmitted throughunderground cable. This type of cable takes up
less space than overhead power lines, is less visible, and is less affected by bad weather. Even
so, the construction cost of underground canals is more expensive than overhead lines.
Damage to underground channels is also more difficult to detect and repair.
In some metropolitan areas, underground power lines are covered by metal pipes and
insulated with a dielectric fluid (usually oil) that is either static or circulated by a pump. If
there is damage to the pipe and it makes the dielectric fluid leak, then a truck loaded with
liquid nitrogen will be sent to the location of the leak to freeze the leaking part of the pipe, so
that the leaking section of the pipe can be repaired. This type of underground cable requires
more repair costs and a longer repair time. Pipe and soil temperatures should also be
monitored continuously during the repair process.[2][3][4]
Underground conduits with alternating current are severely limited by their thermal capacity,
so the reserve capacity cannot be too large. The longer the underground canal,
thencapacitanceAlso getting bigger, so that it is less effective when used to transmit
electricity farther than 50 miles (80 kilometers). While underground lines with direct current
are not limited by their capacitance, they require conversion stations at both ends of the line
to change the type of current from direct to alternating, before they can be interconnected
with the entire transmission network.

C. ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION

50 kVA mounted on distribution transformer pole

Electric power distributionis the final stage in deliveryelectric power; this is the process of
bringing electricity frompower transmission systemleading to electricity consumers. The
distribution substation is connected to the transmission system and decreases the transmission
voltage by usingtransformer.
This distribution is divided into two parts, namely:

 Primary Distribution:
That is, the distribution network originating from the transmission network which is
derated onSubstation(GI) becomes Medium Voltage (TM) with a nominal voltage of
20;kVwhich is commonly called JTM (Medium Voltage Network) then supplied to
 the locations of electricity customers then the voltage is lowered in transformers at
distribution substations to be distributed to customers.

 Secondary Distribution:
Namely the distribution network from distribution substations to be distributed to
customers with a low voltage classification, namely 220 V or 380 V (between
phases). Customers who use this low voltage are the customers most because the
power used is not too much. The network from the distribution substation is known as
the JTR (Low Voltage Network), then from the JTR it is divided into the customer's
house, the incoming line from the JTR to the customer's house is called Sambungan
Rumah (SR). Many of these voltage customers use single-phase electricity, although
some use three-phase electricity.
Domestic and commercial consumers are usually connected to a secondary
distribution network viaelectrical home connection. Consumers requiring higher
voltages can apply to connect directly to the primary distribution network, at the
subtransmission level.[1]

CHAPTER III
CLOSING

A. CONCLUSION

Power plantsis part of the toolindustrywhich is used to produce and generateelectric

powerfrom various sources of energy, such
asPLTU,NPP,Hydropower,PLTB,PLTG,PLTS,PLTSa, and others.[1][2][3]The power plant is
usually connected insideelectricity system.
The main part of this power plant isgenerator, that is, the rotating machine that
transformsmechanical energyinto electrical energy using the principlemagnetic
fieldandelectric conductor. This generator engine is activated by using various energy sources
which are very useful in a power plant.
Electric power transmissionis the delivery processelectric powermassively frompower
plants, topower house. The lines that are interconnected to facilitate this transmission are
known as power transmission lines. Transmission differs from the process of delivering
electricity from the substation to the user, which is usually referred to asdistribution of
electric power. The combination of the transmission and distribution network of electricity is
known as "electricity system".
Electric power distributionis the final stage in deliveryelectric power; this is the
process of bringing electricity frompower transmission systemleading to electricity
consumers. The distribution substation is connected to the transmission system and decreases
the transmission voltage by usingtransformer.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmisi_tenaga_listrik
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribution_tenaga_listrik
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembangkit_Listrik_Tenaga_Gas_dan_Uap#:~:text=Pembangki
t%20Listrik%20Tenaga%20Gas%20dan%20Uap%20(PLTGU)%20adalah%20gabung
%20antara,(Heatener%20Recovery%20Steam%20Generator ).
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembangkit_listrik_tenaga_uap
https://www.indonesiare.co.id/id/knowledge/detail/335/Pembangkit-Listrik-Tenaga-Gas-
PLTG-atau-Gas-Power-Plant#:~:text=PLTG%20merentuk%20jenis%20pembangkit % 20
which, heat% 20then% 20 is flowed% 20 to% 20turbine.
https://www.indonesiare.co.id/id/knowledge/detail/337/Pembangkit-Listrik-Tenaga-Panas-
Bumi-PLTP
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembangkit_listrik