835 PT 1,- A l.

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InternationallStandard 835/ 1
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IIfTERIfATIONAL ORtiAlfIZATION FOR srANDAROIZATlori,.MiJICAYHAPO.QHAR OprANI4JAL\I1R 110 CT"'HAAPTI>IJA~I>I\I.ORQANISI\T10N IfIITF.RrlI\T10NAL. o. f,¡ORMAtlSATION
le :

Laboratory glasswa¡re - Graduated pipettes

Part 1 : General req¡Uirements .
Pipettes graduées. - P8rtie 1: SflécifíclItions générales
Verrerip. de 111borl1toire -

First edition - 1981-07-01

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U DC 542.3: 531.732 Ref. No. ISO 836/1·1981 (E)

DesoliptC1'S : glassW8re. laboratory glasswareJ pipettes, categorias, specificlltions, capacity, graduat;ons.

Price basad on 7 pagas

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Cop~right b~ the INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION (ISO)
Fr; Nnu lB 13:B2:13 1995 I
 Foreword
ISO Uha International Organization for Stand¡¡rdlzadon} Is a worldwlde federation of
national stand¡¡rds Institutos (ISO member bodiBS).1 The work of developlng Inter-
national Standards is carrjed out through ISO tcch?ical committees. Every member

body to
rlght rnterested In ¡) subJcct
be representad on thatfor committee.
whlch a technical cornmittee
Interna1iónal has been set
organ¡zations. up has the
governmental
and non·govarnmental. In liaison with ISO, also 1akJ part in the work.

Draft International Standards adopted by the techn~cal committeas are circulated to

the ISO CounclI.

th, m,mb" bodleo W ,pp'''" b,'''' th." '~1""'" 'n'omaO"",' Standa,.., by
Internl!tionlll gll1sswaro
Laboratory Standard and 835/1 apparatus,
ISOrelated was deveroped by Technlcal
and was circulated Commlttee ISO/TC
to tha member 48.
bodies

'n approved by the mBmber bodies of the j,ollowing countrlas

""","beBn1979.
It has :

Australia Germanv, F.R. Netherlands

Brazil Hungary Poland
Canada India Aomanía
Chile Italy Spain
Czechoslovakia Korea, Rep. of United Klngdom
Líbyan Arab Jamlihiriya USSR
Egypt, Arab Rap. of'
France Mexico

The member bodies of 1he following countries expre~8ed dlsepproval of the document
on technical grounds :

SOllth Afñca. ReD. of

USA

This Intemational Standard cancels and replaces ISO: Recommendation R 835-1968, of

which it constitutes B t9chn!cal revlslon.

@ Internatlon!ll Organlzatit>n ft>r Standard1utlt>n, 1M1 •

Prlnted [n SwilZorland

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Copyright by the I"TER"ATIO"AL ORGA"IZATIO" FOR STA"DARDIZATIO" (ISO)
1:'_: w_ •• ilClll i~'a?''''3 1cae I
 INTERNATIONALSTANDARD

Laboratory glasswareI
- Graduated pipettes.
Part 1 : General requirements

1 Scope and field of application 3.2 Reference temperature

This part of ISO 835 specifles general raquirements for 1

The standard reference temperature, i.e~ the temperature at
graduated pipettes, adequata for general laborstory purposes. which the pípette is íntended to daliver it6 nominal volume
(nominal capacity), Is 2D ae ..

Tho ",'[N,mo ••" "",,,[fiod '" In,on'o,"+ w'" [SO "". NOTE - Wh,m the pipette is required for use In 11 counlrywhich has
adoptad a slandard rafarence temperatura of 27°C (the alternativa
NOTE - Particular requirements lar the differe~t types 01 graduated
plPEl11I3ara Gpaclllad In 1ha following parts 01 mIS Intarnalíonal Stan- rer.ammended in ISO 384 for Iropical use). this figure ahall be
dard; substltuted for 20°C.

Part 2 ; Graduated plpett96, lar whlch no wa ling tima 18apecified

(ela s:! A and class BI
Part 3 ; Graduatad pípettes, lar which a Wlliting time 01 t5 S ls 4 Volumetric accuracy
apecilied (class A onlyl I There shall be two classas of accuracy ;
Part 4 ; Graduated pipettes adjusled fO/'blow-out (elass B only)
Class A for the higher grade;
Llmits 01 error for class A pipettes are s~wn In ralation to
capacity In anne)( A and in relation to diamater st the menlscus Clsss B for the lower grada.
in anne)( B.
In neither class shall thelimit of volumetric error excoed the
smallost scalo dlvision.

2 References
5 Types of pipette .
ISO 384, Laborato/jf g/assware - Princ;p/e~ of design and con-
strur;tion of volumetric g/8ssware.
The following types of pipette are specified :
ISO 1769, Laborato/jf g/assware - Piperte8 - e%ur coding. Graduated pipettes adjusted for delivery of a 6quiCl
Irom zero line at the top to sny grsduation IIne; nominal
capaclty represented by the lowest graduatlon line.

3 Basis of adjustment CraBSA and claBS B; no waiting time specified Ipipetts5

type 1, sea ISO 835/2).

3.1 Unlt 01voJume Graduated pipettes adjU!;ted for delivery of a liquid

from any gradustíon lina down to the jet; nominal cspecity
reprosentod by the highest graduation IIne.
The unit of volum6 is the cubic centimstre (pm3). for which the
name miUilitre (mI) may be used.
Class A and class B; no waiting timo specifled (plpettes
type 2, see ISO 835/2).
NOTE - The lerm mlllll1tre (mil Is commonly us'ed aa a speclal name
for the cublc oentlmatre (cm3), in accordnnce W¡th ti doclslon 01 tho
Twelfth Confl!rence Générale des Pcids et Mesu(es. The tarm millilitre
Graduated pipettes adjusted for delivery of a liquid
la acceptable, in general, fer relerenees in Internatlonal SUJndnrds to lrom zaro lina at the top to any graduation líne; nominal
. capacity obtained by delivery down to the jat.

1
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COpyright (ISO)
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-- .•IHTERHATIOHAL
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 ISO 835/1-1981 (E) 835 -p,.- 1-8·1--···.. -1 4851903 0071666 4 r-
¡ntertere with the requlred accurate control by the finger in 5et-
ISO 835121. ting the menjscus, Tha end may be lightly fire-po!ished or
Class B only; no waiting time specified {pipettes tre 3, see smoothly ground wlth a sfight bevel on the outside.
- Graduated plpettes adjusted for deliverv o( a liquld
from zaro line at the top to any graduatlon IIna; nominal 7.4 Delivery jet
cllpacity obtalned by delivery down to the Jet. I Tha Jower end of the plpette shall terminate in a delivery jet
Class A onlYi 15 s walting tima specified (sea ISO 835/3). havlng a smooth and gradual tapor without any sudden con-
I striction at the orifice which could give rise to turbulent
- Graduated plpettes adjusted f.or delivery of a líquid outflow.

The end of the jet shall be flnished by ooa of the methQds !isted
represented
from any greduatlon
by the hJghest
Une down
gmduation
to the jet;
line.nomin" I capacity below [in the order of praferencel :
Class B only; last drop (In the Jet) to be blown out (blow·out
pipettes, see ISO 835/41. smoothly ground sqLlare wlth the axls, slfghlly
bevelled on the outside and fire-polished;

6 Llmlts 01 volumetric error - smoothly ground sqllare wi1h Ihe axis, and s!ightly
bevelled on the outside;
Errora In tha dellvcred volume shall nOl oxcood tho IImlts shown
cut square wlth the axis end fire-polished.
in labia 1. These limits represent the maximum permlued error

tween the errors at sny two points. 7.6 Deliverv time

The delivery time is defined as the time occupíed by the free

al noV poi" no" aI,o 1ho "axlm"m pO'ml,,'hl, "'''1'''''''' be·
Tabla 1 - Capacltlas, sub-divisions and limits;of error deseent of the wa.ter meniscus from the highest graduation
!ine:

Nominal Smallest
80019 dlvlslon Llmlt of eíror to the lowest graduatíon líne, in the case of type 1
oapachy Class A Class B
pipottcs;
mi m! ± mI ± mi
0,6 0,01 0,005 - to 1he poiot at whlch tho menlscus appoars to come to
1 0,01 0,006 0,01 res! in the jet, in the casa of each other pipette.
2 ~~ ~ ~~
5 0,05 0,03 0,05 The delivery time is determined with Ihe pipelte in a vertical
10 0,1 0,05 0,1 position and wlth the receiving vessel s!ightly inclinad so that
25 0,1 0,1 tha tlp of the jet is in contact with the inslde of the vessel, but
25 0,2 0,1 I 0,2 without movement of one against the otl1er.

NOTE - If pipel\e~ are required of capacities and/or sJl>·divisions NOTE - It is important th8t a 91a55receiving vessel Is usad. Cspillllry
olhEr than those listed ir'l IhJs table, It 1$recommended tha~ thay con- e/feCls influencing tha dalivery time depend considcrably on the
form to tha 9ssentíal raqulr9m90ts of thls part of ISO 835. material on which the liquid runs down.

Tho dolivery time thus determined shall be within the limits

7 Constructlon speclfled for the partfcular pipotto.

7.6 Waiting time

7.1 Material
The waiting time, if specified, rs def;ned as the perjod of time lo
be observed after tha meniscu5 appeared to come to rest in the
Graduated and
chemical plpaltes
Ihermalshall be constructed
properties, shall be ofas glas5 qf possible
free as sui1able
jet, end before Ihe tip of the jet shall be removed from the
f(om visible detects and shall be reasonably free froh, internal
receiving vesse!.
stress.

7,2 Dimensions 8 Graduation and figuring

8.1 Graduation linos

requlrements shown in t8ble 2.
8.1.1 Graduation lines shall be clean, perrnanent and uniform
Hnes of Ihickness not exceedlng 0,3 mm.
7.3 Top of plpette
Graduated pipetles shall comp!y with the ansíonal díf'
Tha 10p of tha pipeUe shall be finished square with tIle axis of 8.1.2 AII gradualion Unes shall lie in plenes at right angles to
tha pipetca and shall be free from any blamishes wh\ch might the longitudinal axls of the plpctte.

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Cop~right b~ the IHTERHATIOHAL ORGAHIZATIOH FOR STAHDARDIZATIOH (ISO)
Fri Hau 18 13:82:13 1995 I
ino

al
- -The
Valld
1.6
-- -'
3220
25*
25
2250
1
1025
1-812
6,8
6.8
360
180
100
10
10
450
290
360
20
30
3
18012,5
5220
8,3
160
100
140
I
22D
PT
2,5
160 1
• __
3100
lenqth
only
Spaclng140
Graduation
•
10 forfor
220
of
160
the
.2,5
oo.
ooch
01the
.---
short
25/0,1
Dllitance ofI mi
from
pattern
Length
graduation
Exl¡¡rnal dIameter
8.3
otOOrplpotte
6,8
línes
pipette
highest
3 of
taperl!d835
...
shall. beIISO
(sea 836/31
not
gr8du~tion
Unes
p6rtion
jet at Wp
les .s than
line
300
f9rmln!l
0,5
af
to topo
Jet
bevel

Nominal
: %
01
10 plpette
I
nin.
max.
max.
mino
mino
min,

C8p8City, mi
8.3.3 20
2

Table 2 -

8.2.1 There shal1 be no evidellt irregularity in the spacing 01 and 1'101 more than 20 % 01 the circumference of the artiele.

bl The Jength 01 the medium lines shaU be approximatefy

the graduatiori lines. I 1,5 times the length 01 the short lines and shell 6xtend sym·
8.2.2 The limits on the spacing 01 gmduatlon linus 5hall be
metricallyat each end beyond the ends 01 tha short lines.
such that the seale lengths are within thb limits alfowed In
table 2.
el Tha length 01 the long lines sh<1Ubo not less than twiea
tha length 01 the short Unes and shaU extend symmetrically
8.3 Length 01 graduation Unas (lt cach cnd boyond the onds 01 the short and medium Unes.

8.3.1 Graduation pattern 1 8.4 Sequence 01 graduation lines (588 figura 1)

a) The length of the ahort línes shall b~ approximately, but 8.4.1 On pipettes in whieh the vo(ume equivalent of the
not less than, 50 % 01 the circumference 01 the artiele. smallest scale div;sion is 0,01 mi or 0,1 mi :

bl The Ifmgth of the medium lines ShJU be approxlmately a) every tenth graduation Une shall be a long ¡¡ne;
65 % of the eircumferenee of the artic\e and shafl extend
symmetrieally ot each end beyond the end oftha short lines. bl there shall be a medium line midway between two con-
secutive long lilles;
el The long Irnes shalJ extend comPltelY round the cir·
eumfcronce 01 the artlele, but a gap, no, exeeeding 10 % 01 el there shall be four short lines between consecutive
the cireumlerence, may be permitted. medium and long lines.

8.3.2 Graduatlon pattern 2 8.4.2 On plpettes In whlch the volume eQulvalent of the
smallest seale divislon Is 0,02 mi or 0,2 mi :
al The lengtl1 of the short lines shalJ be not less than 10 %
ond oot more than 20 % 01 the eircumf~renee 01 the artlcle. a) every fifth graduation line shall be a long lins;

b) thers shafl be four 5hort lines between two consecutiva

bl The length of the medium IInes shL be approximately
long I¡nes.
1,5 times the length of the short lines a~d shall extend sym-
metrically at each end beyond the end bl the short !fnes.
8.4.3 On pipettes in which the volume equivalent of the
e) The long lines shall extend comPltelY round the eir- smallest scelR division is 0,05 mi :
eumferance 01 the arUcfe, but a gap, not exceeding 10 % of
the circumterence, may be permlned. a) every tenth graduatlon IIne shaU bo a long IIne;

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Copyright by the IHTERHATIOHAL ORGAHIZATIOH FOR STAHDARDIZATIOH (ISO)
••~¡ Nnu lA 1':t:A7:n Iqq<; I
 ISO 835/1-1981 (E) '-8".35 PT 1-81·---·.---·1 4851903 0071668 8 __

bJ there shall be four medium línes equally 5Daced be- 10 Inscriptions

tween two consecutive long lioes;
10.1 Tha followlng Inserlptlons shall be marked on each
el there shall be ona shorl líne between two oohsacutive pipette :
medlum Ilnes or batween consecutlve medium !and long
lines. al the symbol cm3 or the symbol mi to Indlcate the unít in
terms of whlch tho plpette 15 graduated;

8.5 Posltlon 01 graduation lines '{see figuré 21 b) the inacription 20°C to ¡ndicate the raferanee tempera-
tura;
B.5,1. On plpottes graduated according to pattern ,j tha anda NOTE - Where. aXC8ptionallv. the relerence temperature iB 27 cc,
IIna down the centre of the tront of the plpette, the I¡nes this value shall be 5ubstiluted for 20 cc.
of the shortextendlng
themselves graduatlonpraferabJyto
IInes shall lie
theon
leftsnwhan
Ima9inSjY vertical
tha pipatte 15

vlewed from the front in the position of normal use. el the latlara "Ex" to indicate tilat the pipette has been
adJusted to dellver its Indicated capacity;
8.5.2 On p!pettes graduatad accarding to pattern ~ or 3, Ihe d) tha inscription A ar inscription B te Indicate Ihe class of
mid-polnts of the short and medium graduadon lines shalllie on accuracy for which the pipette has been adjusted;
an imaginary vertical Une down the centra of the frdnt of Ihe
pipetta, when the pipalle Is viewed from the front in! the posi- el the maker's and/or vender's name or matk;
Ilon of normal use.
fJ the waiting time, if specifiod. In the fonm : Ex + 15 s;
8.6 Flguring 01 graduation lines
g) a small white ring (etched, sand-blastad er enamalladJ
clo8e lo the top of tha pipe!te, In the case of blow-out
Tabla 3 - Figurlng of graduatlon Unes
pipettes. Additlonallv. these pipattes may have sn inserip-
tion that the instrument 15 a blow-out pipetta (far example
Nominal --'mí
mi
0.2
0.02
0.1 0,2
dlvlslon
0,050,5
0,11,0
1,0
Smullest
0,01 evary
2,0
0,010,1
0,1 ¡- scale
Flgure~ 8t "blow-out", "a souffler" or similar).

10.2 Tha 10llowlng additlonallnscriptions should be marked

on class A plpottes Intended for oHiclal verlflcatlon or certifica-
tion If requirad by legal metrology; they should praferablv be
markod on othar elas!; A pipettes and may also be usad. if
desired, on class B pipettes :

a) en identification number;

b) the delivery time in seconds.

9 Setting of the meniSCU5 10.3 The limil of volumetric arror according to table 1 may be
marked on all pipettes, lor examp!e by Ihe Inscriptlon ± ... mI.
Satting of the meniscus shall be performad by ona 9f thlt two
methods detallad below. In order to minimize possi~le errars,

readlngs. 11 Visibility of graduation fines, figures and

Ihe sama method of setting shall be used for both zarr and and inscriptions
a) Tho moniscus is aet so that the plana of the upper edge
of the gmduation lino Is horizontafly tangontlal to the lowest 11.1 AII figures and inscrlptions shall be 01 such size and
polnt of tha menlscus, the line of sight baing In Itho same fotm as to be clearly legible under normal conditions of uso.
plane.

11,2 Al! graduation lines, figures and inscriptions shaU be

the graduation line Is horizonlally tongentfol to t e lowest clearly visible and permanent.
point of the meniscus. Tha ave Is raisad towards the plane
and observes
b) The the Isfron!
meniSCU8 sel 60ond
thatback portions
the plane o the line
of the~eentre of
apparently meeting the lowest pornt simultaneously.
12 Colour coding
NOTE - I1should be borne in mind that an additional errorlWiII result,
when the method of Belting Iha meni5cus is not consisten! in adjust- If colour coding Is used on these plpottes, It shall comply wlth
ment !lnd use 01 pipatles far delivery dawn to Ihe Jet. the requ!rements of ISO 1769.

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Cop~right b~ the IHTERHATIOHAL ORGAHIZATIOH FOR STAHDARDIZATIOH (ISO)
 _I 485].903 0071669 l[" ISO 836/1~1981 (E)

SQqullnclI o, 1I!,1II8 IIcordrng to

8.4.1 8.4.2 8.4.3

G raduation p8ttern 1 (see 8.3.1)

0,02 0,06
~.~
~ 0,01
0,1 ~ 0,2 ~

GraduatiOI1 pettern 2 (s8a 8.3.21

Graduation pattern 3 (sea 8.3.31

Figure: 1 - Length and sequence of graduatlon IInes

t
~
'S
15
c:
.S1
t5
~
i:S

Gradue.tion pattern 1 Graduation pattern 2 Gradu8tion pattern 3

Figure 2 - Position of graduation lines

5
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b~ the IHTERHATIOHAL ORGAHIZATIOH FOR STAHDARDIZATIOH
I (ISO)
 835 PT 1-81 -----1 4851903 007167 O 6 __

Annex A

Relationship betw99n volumetric capacity and limits of error for class A

pipettes as Irequired by 4.4 of ISO 384
. jThie er)nex form9 part of the standard.)

100

., 'Cotu....~ 60
g 30
.:! :
-J
«~
-B
E
.1;
.t:!
+1
'O

:i 10

5
6 10 25
0,6

Capacitv of p¡pette, mi .

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Cop~right b~ the IHTERHATIOHAL ORGAHIZATIOH FOR STAHDARDIZ~TIOH (ISO)
 835 PT 11-81 ISO 835/1-1981 (El

Annex B

Relationship between pmits ot volumetric error and meniscus diameter

tor class A pipettes as required by 4.7 of ISO 384
(Thls anneK forms part of the standard.)

E
E

0,7 25
0,2

1,8 3,8 5,9 8.4 10,4 13,3 .

Meniscus diameter, mm

6)
7
I

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