Manual Derteminator Ash Fusibility LecoAF700 - V1-1!7!09

AF700
Ash Fusibility
Determinator
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
Version 1.1x
Part Number 200-714
July 2009
Patents are Pending in U.S.A. and other countries
© 2007
© 2009LECO
LECO Corporation
Corporation
Minor revisions may not be reflected in this manual.
LECO Corporation
3000 Lakeview Avenue • St. Joseph, MI 49085-2396
Phone: 269-983-5531 • Fax: 269-983-3850
info@leco.com • www.leco.com • ISO-9001 • No. FM 24045
LECO is a registered trademark of LECO Corporation.
Quality at LECO Corporation means understanding our customer's
requirements and establishing specifications that clearly define those
requirements. The essence of our quality philosophy is the commitment to
quality objectives, aimed at never-ending improvement and complete
customer satisfaction.
Safety Symbols
These symbols may be found on LECO
equipment or their components. These
This symbol indicates a risk of
symbols indicate the use of specific safety
electrical shock.
guidelines. Important safety information is
highlighted in this manual by one of the
following symbols as well as WARNING and
CAUTION statements. Operator and service This symbol indicates a high
personnel must follow these instructions for temperature surface.
personal safety and to prevent damage to
the equipment.
This symbol indicates a
The instrument should be operated only by
caution.
technically qualified individuals who have
fully read and understand these instructions.
The instrument should be operated only in
accordance with these instructions. This symbol indicates a risk of
explosion.
The operator should follow all of the
warnings and cautions set forth in the
manual and the operator should follow and
employ all applicable standard laboratory This symbol indicates possible
safety procedures. auto loader motor damage.
This symbol indicates possible

auto loader motor damage.
Operating Precautions
The instrument should be operated only by technically qualified individuals who have fully read and
understand these instructions. The instrument should be operated only in accordance with these
instructions. The operator should follow all of the warnings and cautions set forth in the manual and the
operator should follow and employ all applicable standard laboratory safety procedures.
Sensitive Electrical Components. LECO recommends disconnecting

instrument power before performing service on any electrical components.
During installation and operation of this instrument, the ON/OFF switch

must be easily accessible.
Licenses and Trademarks

LECO is a registered trademark of LECO Corporation.
Windows, Word, and Excel are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or
other countries.
Adobe Reader is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States and/or other
countries.
1–2 AF700 Introduction

1 Introduction
To place an order by phone, please call our customer service department
toll-free in the United States at 1-800-292-6141 or 269-985-5496. Orders
may also be sent by fax to 269-982-8977.
1 Introduction
Illustrations .................................................................................1–6
Software License ..........................................................................1–8
Warranty .................................................................................. 1–12
Transferring Ownership of a Dell Product ....................................... 1–14
Warning and Caution Symbols...................................................... 1–16
Warning Information................................................................... 1–17
Interference to Other Devices ...................................................... 1–18
Declaration of Conformity ............................................................ 1–19
Equipment Packages................................................................... 1–20
Options..................................................................................... 1–22
Components and Accessories List ................................................. 1–23
Specifications ............................................................................ 1–25
2 Installation
Illustrations .................................................................................2–2
Instrument Installation .................................................................2–3
Copy Protection Key ................................................................... 2–32
Software Installation................................................................... 2–34
Software Upgrade ...................................................................... 2–35
Software Registration ................................................................. 2–36
International Installation ............................................................. 2–37
3 Option Installation
Printer Installation........................................................................3–3
4 System Setup
Introduction AF700 1–3

Illustrations .................................................................................4–4
Ash Cone Sample Preparation ........................................................4–5
Sample Mounting .........................................................................4–7
Setting Up Cone Positions..............................................................4–9
Setting Up the Camera................................................................ 4–12
Target Height and Width Calibration.............................................. 4–14
AF700 Main Screen..................................................................... 4–17
Screen Layout............................................................................ 4–22
Menu Overview .......................................................................... 4–26
Add or Change User Permission .................................................... 4–33
Select Language......................................................................... 4–35
Sample Display Configuration....................................................... 4–36
System Configuration ................................................................. 4–40
Method Configuration.................................................................. 4–42
Define Calibration Standards........................................................ 4–52
Sample Templates...................................................................... 4–56
Sample Filters............................................................................ 4–58
Hardware Calibration .................................................................. 4–62
User Defined Fields..................................................................... 4–63
Database Management................................................................ 4–68
5 Operation
Calibration ..................................................................................5–3
Loading Samples ..........................................................................5–6
Login Samples .............................................................................5–7
Analyze Samples ..........................................................................5–9
Print Analysis Results.................................................................. 5–11
Sample Editing Functions ............................................................ 5–16
Sample Signature....................................................................... 5–19
Export Data............................................................................... 5–21
Text Import Data ....................................................................... 5–28
Transmit Data............................................................................ 5–30
Transmit Selected Samples.......................................................... 5–40
Data Backup.............................................................................. 5–41
6 Maintenance

View Log File ...............................................................................6–3
Configure Maintenance Counters ....................................................6–4
Login and Reset Maintenance Counters............................................6–6
Furnace Flow Filter Packing and Replacement ...................................6–7
Cleaning the Instrument................................................................6–9
7 Theory of Operation
8 Diagnostics
Ambient Monitor ..........................................................................8–3
System Check..............................................................................8–6
Furnace Diagnostics......................................................................8–7
Network Diagnostics .....................................................................8–9
Solenoids and Switches ............................................................... 8–11
9 Service
Illustrations .................................................................................9–2
Replace the Furnace Heating Element..............................................9–3
Combustion Tube Replacement ......................................................9–4
10 Illustrations
11 Schematics
12 Index

Illustrations
Figure 2-1 AF700 Back View .......................................................... 2–5

Figure 2-2 Top of Furnace and Flange ............................................. 2–7
Figure 2-3 Front Access Cover........................................................ 2–8
Figure 2-4 Heating Elements.......................................................... 2–9
Figure 2-5 Electrode, Clamp, Spring, and Washer Orientation ............. 2–10
Figure 2-6 Electrodes Front View .................................................... 2–11
Figure 2-7 Electrode Rear View ...................................................... 2–11
Figure 2-8 Furnace Tube End Block Assembly ................................... 2–12
Figure 2-9 Furnace Tube Installation Back View ................................ 2–13
Figure 2-10 Furnace Tube, Insulating Ring, and Lower Plate ............... 2–14
Figure 2-11 Furnace End Block Assembly ......................................... 2–15
Figure 2-12 D-tube, Light Baffle, and Furnace Tube........................... 2–16
Figure 2-13 D-tube Support Bracket ............................................... 2–17
Figure 2-14 D-tube and Light Baffle Installation ................................ 2–17
Figure 2-15 Gas Inlet Tube ............................................................ 2–18
Figure 2-16 Thermocouple Installation ............................................ 2–19
Figure 2-18 D-tube and Insulating Pad ............................................ 2–21
Figure 2-19 Neutral Light Filter Installation ...................................... 2–22
Figure 2-20 Camera Installation ..................................................... 2–23
Figure 2-21 Camera Assembly, USB Cable, Thermocouple Wire........... 2–24
Figure 2-22 Camera Adjustments ................................................... 2–30
Figure 2-23 Camera Setup with Target ............................................ 2–31
Figure 4-1 Camera Focus Tray ....................................................... 4–14
Figure 6-1 Furnace Flow Filter Assembly .......................................... 6–7
Figure 7-1 Flow Diagram ............................................................... 7–4
Figure 9-1 Furnace Assembly ......................................................... 9–4
Figure 9-2 Furnace End Disassembly ............................................... 9–5
Figure 9-3 Combustion Tube with D-Tube ........................................ 9–6
Figure 9-4 Furnace Access Cover .................................................... 9–7
Figure 9-5 Thermocouple and End Plate........................................... 9–8
Figure 9-6 Combustion Tube and Thermocouple................................ 9–9
Figure 9-7 Furnace End Assembly ................................................... 9–10

Figure 9-8 Furnace D-Tube Installation............................................ 9–11
Figure 10-1 LED’s......... ............................................................... 10–3
Figure 10-2 Gas Furnace Transducer Assembly ................................. 10–4
Figure 10-3 USB Interface Assembly ............................................... 10–5
Figure 10-4 Front Door Switch ....................................................... 10–6
Figure 10-5 Camera Bottom Port Assembly ...................................... 10–7
Figure 10-7 Furnace Blower Assembly ............................................. 10–9
Figure 10-8 Gas Filter Panel Assembly............................................. 10–10
Figure 10-9 Six Element Furnace Assembly ...................................... 10–11
Figure 10-10 Viewing Periscope Assembly........................................ 10–12
Figure 10-11 Incoming Gas Manifold Assembly ................................. 10–13
Figure 10-12 Camera Furnace Assembly .......................................... 10–14
Figure 11-1 151-014 Cabinet Schematics-1 of 6 ............................... 11–3

Software License
By installing the Licensed Software, the Licensee acknowledges that

Licensee has read it, understands it and agrees to be bound by its
terms, and further agree that this is the complete and exclusive
statement of the Software License between the parties, which
supersedes and merges all prior proposals, understandings and other
agreements oral and written, between the parties relating to the
subject matter of this Software License. In the event of any conflict
between the terms of this Software License and the terms of purchase
orders submitted by Licensee, the terms of this Software License shall
control.
This is an agreement between the Licensee and LECO Corporation
(“LECO”) of 3000 Lakeview Avenue, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085-2396,
owner of the Licensed Software. This Software License specifies the
conditions under which Licensee may use the Licensed Software.
I. Definitions
"Licensed Software" shall mean the software supplied with this
Software License, which is software developed and distributed by
LECO.
"Instruction Manual" shall mean a guide describing the use and
operation of the Licensed Software, together with any related
supporting documentation.
"Licensee" shall mean and include any of the Licensee's divisions and
departments within Licensee's organization, but shall not include
wholly or partially owned subsidiaries, affiliates, successors or assigns,
or independent third parties.
II. License Grant

LECO hereby grants to Licensee, and Licensee hereby accepts, subject
to the terms and conditions set forth in this Software License, a non-
exclusive, non-transferable license to use the Licensed Software and
Instruction Manual as set forth in this Software License. The term
license as used in this Software License shall mean and include:
a. the right to use a copy of the Licensed Software in executable form

by one user at a time;
b. the right to use and copy the Instruction Manual for Licensee's
internal operations; and
c. the right to make one backup copy of the Licensed Software.

In accepting the license granted by LECO, Licensee agrees that it shall
not:
1. transfer or allow transfer of copies of the Licensed Software to any

other party including any wholly or partially owned subsidiaries,
affiliates, successors, or assigns without the express consent of LECO;
2. use the Licensed Software on more than one (1) CPU at any one
time;
3. cause or permit unauthorized copying, reproduction, or disclosure of
any portion of the Licensed Software or Instruction Manual or the
distribution of any part thereof to any third person or entity, for any
purpose whatsoever. This restriction shall continue to bind Licensee
and its agents beyond the termination of this Software License; or
4. attempt to disassemble modify, or reverse engineer the Licensed
Software;
5. attempt to defeat or defeat the copy-protection mechanism;
6. attempt to or access features not purchased.
III. Enhancements And Support

LECO may make available to Licensee updates and enhancements to
the Licensed Software, which Licensee may accept at the time it is
offered to Licensee by paying any applicable update fee. LECO shall
have the sole discretion to determine the update fee. Use of all such
updates and enhancements by Licensee shall be subject to the terms
and conditions of this Software License unless supplemented or
replaced by a subsequent license.
IV. Termination Of Software License

In the event of a material default by Licensee or its agents, of any
provision of this Software License, LECO may terminate this Software
License upon thirty (30) days written notice. Upon termination of the
Software License, the Licensee shall return all copies of the Licensed
Software to LECO. This obligation shall survive the termination of this
Software License.

V. Copyright And Proprietary Information
Licensee acknowledges that the Licensed Software and the Instruction
Manual constitute valuable and copyrighted property of LECO and that
all title and ownership rights in the Licensed Software and related
materials remain exclusively with LECO. LECO reserves all rights with
respect to the Licensed Software and Instruction Manual under all
applicable laws for the protection of proprietary information, including,
but not limited to, trade secrets, copyrights, trademarks, and patents.
VI. Limitation Of Liability And Warranties

With respect to the physical media on which the Licensed Software is
delivered and Instruction Manual, LECO warrants the same to be free
of defects in materials and workmanship for a period of ninety (90)
days from the date of delivery. In the event of notification within the
warranty period of defects in material or workmanship, LECO will
replace the defective media or documentation. LECO specifically
disclaims all other warranties, expressed or implied, including but not
limited to implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a
particular purpose with respect to defects in the media and
documentation. In no event shall LECO be liable for any loss of profit,
data, or use, or any other commercial damage, including but not
limited to special, incidental, consequential, interruptions in Licensee’s
operations, or other damages regardless of negligence or fault. LECO's
liability in connection with this Software License shall not exceed the
value of the amounts paid by Licensee under this Software License for
the Licensed Software which gave rise to the loss less a reasonable
amount for use, damage and obsolescence.
VII. Confidentiality
All information and materials regarding the software, provided to
Licensee by LECO which are not generally known in the trade are
confidential, are proprietary, and such information and materials are
furnished solely for the use of Licensee under this Software License.
Licensee agrees not to use or disclose any such information or material
otherwise without prior written consent from LECO and Licensee
further agrees to take all reasonable steps requested by LECO, or
otherwise necessary to protect the confidentiality of all such
information and materials. The foregoing obligations will survive
termination of this Software License, and Licensee agrees to return all
such information and materials to LECO upon request or any non-
renewal or termination of this Software License.

VIII. Miscellaneous
a) This Software License shall be binding upon and inure to the
benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and
assigns, provided that Licensee shall not have any right to assign its
rights or obligations under this Software License (whether by operation
of law or otherwise) without the prior written consent of LECO.
b) All notices hereunder shall be in writing and shall be sent by
registered or certified mail postage prepaid to LECO at the addresses
first written above. The date of postmark shall be deemed the date on
which such notice is given.
c) No delay on the part of LECO in exercising any right, power or
remedy hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any
single or partial exercise of any such right, power or remedy preclude
any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right,
power or remedy.
d) No amendment, modification or waiver of, or any consent with
respect to, any provision of this Software License shall be effective
unless the same shall be in writing and signed and delivered by each
of the parties hereto, and then such amendment, modification, waiver
or consent shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the
purpose for which given.
e) This Software License shall be construed in accordance with and
governed by the internal laws of the State of Michigan. Wherever
possible, each provision of this Software License shall be interpreted in
such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if
any provision of this Software License shall be prohibited by or invalid
under such law, such provision shall be ineffective to the extent of
such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of
such provision or the remaining provisions of this Software License.
f) Licensee agrees that it is responsible for obtaining proper
authorization and complying with any export, re-export, or import laws
or regulations and that may apply if Licensee exports, re-exports, or
imports the Licensed Software, technology or technical data licensed
hereunder.

Warranty
Equipment manufactured by LECO Corporation, St. Joseph, Michigan is

warranted free from defect in material and workmanship for a period
of 1) thirteen months from date of shipment or 2) twelve months from
date of installation, whichever occurs first. Equipment not
manufactured by LECO is covered to the extent of warranty provided
by the original manufacturer and this warranty does not cover any
equipment, new or used, purchased from anyone other than LECO
Corporation. All replacement parts shall be covered under warranty for
a period of thirty days from date of purchase. LECO makes no other
representation or warranty of any other kind, expressed or
implied, with respect to the goods sold hereunder, whether as
to merchantability, fitness for purpose, or otherwise.
Expendable items such as crucibles, combustion tubes, chemicals, and
items of like nature are not covered by this warranty.
LECO's sole obligation under this warranty shall be to repair or replace
any part or parts which, to our satisfaction, prove to be defective upon
return prepaid to LECO Corporation, St. Joseph, Michigan. This
obligation does not include labor to install replacement parts, nor does
it cover any failure due to accident, abuse, neglect, or use in disregard
of instructions furnished by LECO. In no event shall damages for
defective goods exceed the purchase price of the goods, and LECO
shall not be liable for incidental or consequential damages
whatsoever.
All claims in regard to the parts or equipment must be made within ten
(10) days after Purchaser learns of the facts upon which the claim is
based. Authorization must be obtained from LECO prior to returning
any other parts. This warranty is voided by failure to comply with
these notice requirements.

Notice
The warranty on LECO equipment remains valid only when
genuine LECO replacement parts are employed. Since LECO has
no control over the quality or purity of consumable products not
manufactured by LECO, the specifications for accuracy of results using
LECO instruments are not guaranteed unless genuine LECO
consumables are employed in conjunction with LECO instruments. If
purchaser defaults in making payment for any parts or equipment, this
warranty shall be void and shall not apply to such parts and
equipment. No late payment or cure of default in payment shall extend
the warranty period provided herein.
LECO Corporation is not responsible for damage to any associated
instruments, equipment, or apparatus nor will LECO be held liable for
loss of profit or other special damages resulting from abuse, neglect,
or use in disregard of instructions. The Buyer, their employees,
agents, and successors in interest assume all risks and liabilities for
the operation, use, and/or misuse of the product(s) described herein
and agree to indemnify, hold harmless, and defend the seller from any
and all claims and actions arising from any cause whatsoever,
including seller's negligence for personal injury incurred in connection
with the use of said product(s) and any and all damages proximately
resulting therefrom.

Transferring Ownership of a Dell Product
The following section explains the steps to transfer the warranty and
ownership of a Dell computer. This transfer is necessary to complete
when an equipment package that includes a Dell computer has been
purchased from LECO.
 An internet connection is required to complete the transfer. If an
internet connection is not available, the transfer can be completed
by calling Dell at 800-624-9897.
 To complete the transfer online through Dell's website, complete
either the Domestic Customer procedure or the International
Customer procedure as explained in the following steps.
For Domestic Customers:

1. Access Dell's website by copying and pasting or entering the
following website URL into your internet browser:
http://support.dell.com/support/topics/global.aspx/support/chang
e_order/tag_transfer?c=us&l=en&s=gen&redirect=1
It is recommended to complete the transfer of ownership from
the computer from which the ownership will be transferred. If
this is not possible, follow the instructions provided on Dell's
website.
2. On the form, for original owner,

A. For First Name, enter LECO.
B. For Last Name, enter Corp.
3. Complete the transfer by following the remaining instructions
provided on the form.
For International Customers:

1. Access Dell's website by copying and pasting or entering the
following website URL into your internet browser:
http://support.dell.com/support/topics/global.aspx/support/chang
e_order/tag_transfer?c=us&l=en&s=gen&redirect=1
It is recommended to complete the transfer of ownership from
the computer from which the ownership will be transferred. If
this is not possible, follow the instructions provided on Dell's
website.
2. On the left-hand side of Dell's website , click International

Ownership Transfer.
3. On the form, for original owner,
A. For First Original Owner, enter LECO Corp.
B. For Original Owner E-mail Address, enter service@leco.com.

C. For Country of Original Purchase, click the arrow and select
the United States from the list.
4. Complete the transfer by following the remaining instructions
provided on the form.

Warning and Caution Symbols
The following symbols may be found on LECO equipment or their

components. These symbols indicate the use of specific safety
guidelines. Important safety information is highlighted in this manual
by one of the following symbols as well as WARNING and CAUTION
statements. Operator and service personnel must follow these
instructions for personal safety and to prevent damage to the
equipment.
This symbol indicates a risk of electrical shock. Refer to the

WARNING manual for specific instructions.
This symbol indicates a high temperature surface. Refer to the

WARNING manual for specific instructions.
! This symbol indicates a caution. Refer to the manual for

CAUTION specific instructions.

Warning Information
Warning - GAS cylinders containing CO/CO2

reducing gas mixtures should be constructed of
appropriate compatible materials.
 The Compressed Gas Association, Inc (CGA) has issued a document
(CGA P-57-2007) dealing with the proper cylinder construction that should be
utilized when supplying compressed mixtures of carbon monoxide and carbon
dioxide. This document is in response to two documented failures of steel
cylinders in 1990 and one in 1991. Similar incidents were also reported as
early as 1976 to 1979.
 The recommendations of CGA are:
o Use aluminum alloy cylinders with these mixtures. These can be used
at their maximum working pressure and the moisture content of the
gas when aluminum cylinders are used is not critical.
o High strength steel cylinders should not be used for these
mixtures.
o The use of steel cylinders for these gas mixtures is limited to a
maximum tank pressure of 1450 psig and this maximum must be
assured at all operating temperatures.
o It is suggested that if steel cylinders are used for these mixtures then
the amount of tank moisture should be < 5 ppm by volume. It is
admitted by CGA that assuring such a dry gas mixture is difficult in
practice.
 For more details on this LECO refers the user to the CGA report
(CGA P-57-2007) Avoidance of Failure of Carbon Monoxide and of
Carbon Monoxide/Carbon Dioxide Mixtures Cylinders - First Edition.
This report may be purchased from:
Compressed Gas Association, Inc.
4221 Walney Road, 5th Floor
Chantilly, VA 20151
Phone 703-788-2700
e-mail: cga@cganet.com

Interference to Other Devices
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits
for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules and
Regulations. These limits are designed to provide reasonable
protection against harmful interference in a residential installation.
This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency
energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the
instructions, may cause interference to radio communications.
However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a
particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful
interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined
by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to
correct the interference by one or more of the following methods:
Reorient or relocate the radio or television receiving antenna.
Increase the separation between the equipment and the radio or
television receiver.
Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different from that
which the radio or television receiver is currently connected.
Consult the radio or television dealer or an experienced radio/TV
technician for help.

Declaration of Conformity

Equipment Packages
Items listed below are repeated throughout this manual and are
subject to revision. Please consult the packing slip received with the
instrument.
NOTE For a complete listing of kits and packages, refer to Components and
Accessories List, page 1–23.
AF700SC AF700 Ash Fusion Furnace Package

1 259-067 Software Kit
1 618-380 CD Case
1 625-501-314 AF700 Accessory Pack
1 686-477 AF700 PC Tower Assembly
1 704-241 Copy Protection Key
1 789-700-100 AF700 Ash Fusion Furnace Assembly
1 789-710-074 Component Pack
1 710-172 19-inch LCD Monitor
1 811-271-HAZ SI Aerosol Release Agent
AF700SCR AF700 Ash Fusion Furnace Package

1 618-380 CD Case

AF700DC AF700 Ash Fusion Furnace Package
1 618-380 CD Case
1 621-785 ETHERNET Hub Pack
1 686-477 AF700 PC Tower Assembly
1 710-172 19-inch LCD Monitor
AF700A AF700 Add On Furnace Package

1 618-380 CD Case
1 621-785 Ethernet Switch

Options
To place an order by phone, please call our customer service

department toll-free in the United States at 1-800-292-6141
or 269-985-5496. Orders may also be sent by fax to 269-982-8977.
789-700-1OP AF700 Options

1 502-496 Gold Calibration Standard
1 621-785 Ethernet Hub
1 625-501-168 Viewing Periscope Window, replacement
1 625-501-328 Heating Element Replacement Kit
1 625-501-340 USB Hub Pack 2.0 4-Port
1 625-501-351 Cone Tray 5 Place, 100 per pack
1 761-743 Hydrogen/CO Regulator
1 764-216 Helium Regulator
1 766-036 Air Double-Stage Regulator
1 776-957 American Standard Cone Mold

Components and Accessories List
789-710-074 AF700 Component Pack

8 190-105 Screw 10-24X .62 SST
2 190-724 Screw 8-32 X 0.50 SST
2 190-741 Screw 10-24X .50 ST ZP
2 193-055 Flat Washer 0.170 X 0.437 X.04STZP
1 200-714 AF700 Instruction Manual
1 608-898 Receptacle Cover
1 613-564 Expansion Tool for T Clamp
1 616-504 Micron Filter Tube
1 620-677 CAT 5 Shielded Cable Assembly (15 feet)
2 625-036 Lower Front Insulator
2 625-037 Upper Front Insulator
2 625-501-149 O-Ring
1 625-501-152 Compression Furnace Flange Seal
1 625-501-167 Front Furnace End Block
1 625-501-247 Furnace Light Baffle
1 625-501-248 Furnace Tube End Cover
1 625-501-322 Furnace Camera Assembly
1 625-501-325 Reducing Gas Connection Assembly
1 625-501-326 Purge Gas Connection Assembly
1 625-501-327 Oxidizing Gas Connection Assembly
12 625-501-342 Element Terminal Gasket Assembly
1 625-501-361 Furnace Tube Replacement Kit
1 625-501-363 Cone Tray Handling Tool Assembly
2 625-501-382 Insulation Ring 2.44 X 4.00 X 0.50
1 625-501-391 Furnace Tube
1 625-501-392 Furnace Gas Inlet Tube
1 625-501-394 Furnace D Tube
1 625-501-399 Furnace Thermocouple Assembly
1 625-501-431 Solenoid Bypass Override Key
1 625-501-443 Neutral Light Filter
1 625-501-464 Heating Element (set of 6)
1 625-501-469 Furnace End Tube Insulation

12 625-501-470 Heating Element Clamp
2 625-501-471 Sample Cone Tray Stop Pin
1 625-501-478 Camera Focus Tray Assembly
1 625-501-620 Sample Cone Discard Tray Assembly
1 625-501-621 Exhaust Hose (10 feet)
1 625-501-746 Rear Furnace Endblock Assembly
2 633-101-361 Braid Cable
5 633-101-362 Braid Cable
1 633-101-441 Furnace Thermocouple
1 633-101-442 USB Cable (right angle)
2 710-496 Furnace Insulation (used under furnace tube)
1 763-265 Glass Wool 0.50/LB
1 765-978 Receptacle, 30A, 125/250V 3P4W TL
2 801-619 Hose Clamp Screw
625-501-314 Accessory Pack

1 209-050-094 Installation Service Video
1 501-233 Ceramic-Alumina Adhesive, 2 oz.
1 501-951 Nickel Calibration Standard
1 502-010 Solution Dextrin, 14.2 gr.
1 502-496 Gold Calibration Standard
1 625-501-619 Putty Knife
1 625-501-662 Cone Tray, Dual Sided, 100 per pack
1 761-929 Crucible Tong
1 776-957 American Standard Cone Mold

Specifications
Temperature Range.................. 400C to 1500C (750F to 2730F)

Temperature Ramp Rate .......... Programmable from 4C to 12C/minute
Temperature Display ................ C, F, or K
Maximum Sample Load ............ 6 samples per analysis
Conforms to Methods ............... ASTM, DIN, ISO, BSI
Ash Fusibility Determination .... Automatic or manual (IT, ST, HT, FT)
Analysis Time........................... 4 hours typical cycle time (depending on ramp
rate and temperature range)
Image Collection ...................... Digital (up to 30 frames/minute)
Image Resolution..................... 1280 x 1024 pixels
Gases Requirements:
Purge .................................. Nitrogen, 99.5%, 2.5 lpm at 25 psi  10% (1.72
bar)
Oxidizing............................. Air, 2.5 lpm at 25 psi  10% (1.72 bar)
O2 and CO2 mixtures, 2.5 lpm at 25 psi  10%
(1.72 bar)
Reducing............................. CO and CO2 mixtures, 2.5 lpm at 25 psi  10%
(1.72 bar)
Ventilation ............................... Built-in 160 CFM/furnace
Exhaust.................................... 4 inch diameter (10.2 cm) active exhaust hose
capable of handling 160 CFM flow, with no back
pressure
Safety ...................................... Built-in CO monitor with auditory alarm, gas flow
stopped on alarm. Refer to Carbon Monoxide
Detectors on page 2–4.
Physical Dimensions ................ 38 in. H x 13 in. W x 31 in. D (97 x 33 x 79)
Shipping Weight....................... 170 lb (77kg)
Electrical Requirements ........... 215 to 253V~, 50/60 Hz, single phase,
30 Amps, 23,600 BTU/hr.
Environmental Conditions
Operating Temperature: ...... 15C to 35C (59F t0 95F)
Relative Humidity:............... 20% to 80%, non-condensing
V~ denotes VAC.

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2 Installation
Illustrations .................................................................................2–2
Instrument Installation .................................................................2–3
Carbon Monoxide Detectors ......................................................2–4
Heating Element Installation .....................................................2–6
Camera Installation ............................................................... 2–22
Apply Power ......................................................................... 2–25
Camera Configuration ............................................................ 2–26
Screen Definitions ............................................................ 2–28
Camera Adjustment ............................................................... 2–30
Copy Protection Key ................................................................... 2–32
Copy Protection Key Not Installed ............................................ 2–32
Copy Protection Key Not Registered ......................................... 2–33
Software Installation................................................................... 2–34
Software Upgrade ...................................................................... 2–35
Upgrade Camera Software ...................................................... 2–35
Software Registration ................................................................. 2–36
International Installation ............................................................. 2–37
Installation AF700 2–1

Illustrations
Figure 2-1 AF700 Back View .......................................................... 2–5

Figure 2-2 Top of Furnace and Flange ............................................. 2–7
Figure 2-3 Front Access Cover........................................................ 2–8
Figure 2-4 Heating Elements.......................................................... 2–9
Figure 2-5 Electrode, Clamp, Spring, and Washer Orientation ............. 2–10
Figure 2-6 Electrodes Front View .................................................... 2–11
Figure 2-7 Electrode Rear View ...................................................... 2–11
Figure 2-8 Furnace Tube End Block Assembly ................................... 2–12
Figure 2-9 Furnace Tube Installation Back View ................................ 2–13
Figure 2-10 Furnace Tube, Insulating Ring, and Lower Plate ............... 2–14
Figure 2-12 D-tube, Light Baffle, and Furnace Tube........................... 2–16
Figure 2-13 D-tube Support Bracket ............................................... 2–17
Figure 2-14 D-tube and Light Baffle Installation ................................ 2–17
Figure 2-15 Gas Inlet Tube ............................................................ 2–18
Figure 2-18 D-tube and Insulating Pad ............................................ 2–21
Figure 2-19 Neutral Light Filter Installation ...................................... 2–22
Figure 2-20 Camera Installation ..................................................... 2–23
Figure 2-21 Camera Assembly, USB Cable, Thermocouple Wire........... 2–24
Figure 2-22 Camera Adjustments ................................................... 2–30
Figure 2-23 Camera Setup with Target ............................................ 2–31
2–2 AF700 Installation

Instrument Installation
The following procedure describes how to install the AF700

Determinator.
1. Provide a work surface with convenient electrical power and gas
supplies.
2. Install the Determinator on a work surface with adequate space
around it to allow for proper ventilation. The vents should remain
clear of obstructions.
3. Install the computer next to the Determinator. Refer to the
manual supplied with the computer.
4. Connect one end of the Computer interface cable to the Computer
connector on the instrument (Figure 2-1, page 2–5). DO NOT
turn the computer on until instructed to do so.
HIGH VOLTAGE HAZARD

WARNING This equipment operates from a 230V~ source. Contact with
this voltage can be fatal. Do NOT connect the determinator to
the facility power source until instructed to do so.
5. Connect the Reducing gas supply to the Reducing gas inlet on the
back of the instrument (Figure 2-1, page 2–5).
6. Connect the Oxygen gas supply to the Oxygen gas inlet on the
back of the instrument (Figure 2-1, page 2–5).
7. Connect the Purge gas supply to the Purge gas inlet (Figure 2-1,
page 2–5).
NOTE For installation outside the U.S.A., refer to International Installation,

page 2–37.

8. Attach one end of the Flexible Tubing to the Exhaust fitting on the
back of the determinator. Attach the other end to the facility
exhaust system.
! The furnace vent must be a 160 CFM active vent with no back
Warning pressure.
! The furnace must be connected to a suitable forced air

Warning extraction hood ducted out of the building to exhaust the
Carbon monoxide.
Carbon monoxide is toxic and inflammable. The room must be
well ventilated to reduce risk of exposure to the user.
Carbon Monoxide Detectors

NOTE The furnace is designed with a carbon monoxide detector that will
sound a warning alert if a carbon monoxide leak is detected inside the
furnace. This detector is not intended to replace Facility
Detectors. LECO recommends that all installations have an industrial
carbon monoxide detector installed near the instrument.
NOTE The carbon monoxide detector may require a longer warm up time
(approximately 10 minutes) after the instrument has been off for
extended periods of time. If the alarm sounds, wait 10 minutes for
any accumulated gas to dispel and then turn it off and back on.

Figure 2-1
AF700 Back View

Heating Element Installation
To avoid electrical shock, turn off and disconnect the

WARNING Furnace from facility power when installing the heating
elements.
! Silicon carbide heating elements are sensitive to

CAUTION mechanical shock and have a relatively low tensile
strength. Elements should be handled with care at all
times to avoid breakage. Always handle elements with
one hand on each end.
! Elements are provided by LECO in matched sets.

CAUTION Elements must be changed in matched sets. Changing
individual elements or mixing old elements with new
will significantly reduce element life.
1. Turn off the determinator and unplug it from the facility power
source. Allow sufficient time, if necessary, for it to cool to room
temperature.
2. Remove the following parts before proceeding with electrode and
furnace tube installation.
 Both side panels
 Top panel, refer to Figure 2-2, page 2–7
 Furnace hood (flange), refer to Figure 2-2, page 2–7
 Rear access cover
 Front access cover (Use the key to unlock the door if locked),
refer to Figure 2-3, page 2–8.

Figure 2-2
Top of Furnace and Flange

Figure 2-3
Front Access Cover

3. Install furnace elements:
A. Insert the six Heating Elements into the furnace assembly.
(6-element configuration with ¾” diameter elements.) Refer
to Figure 2-4 below and Figure 2-6, page 2–11.
The elements are properly positioned when approximately
1
/4 inch of the darker portion of each rod is visible in the
front of the combustion area.
Figure 2-4
Heating Elements
B. From the front of the furnace, install the metal washers,
ceramic washers and springs over the ends of the heating
elements. Refer to Figure 2-5 on page 2–10.
C. Curl one end of a braided cable around the element, as close
to the end of the element as possible. Refer to Figure 2-4
above.
D. Using the Expansion Tool, install a clamp onto the element
over the braided cable.
E. Curl the other end of the cable around the lower left
element, as close to the end of the element as possible, and
clamp it in place. The braided cable must not be taut.
F. Repeat steps B, C, and D for the four remaining elements.
G. From the back of the furnace, curl the free end of the left
braided cable around the lower left element, as close to the
end of the element as possible, and clamp it in place. Refer
to Figure 2-7, page 2–11.
H. Curl the free end of the right braided cable around the lower
right element, as close to the end of the element as possible,
and clamp it in place.
The braided cables must have sufficient slack to allow the
elements to expand during use, and the cables must be
routed to assure sufficient clearance of all nearby
components.

I. Repeat the process described in steps F and G, for the four
upper rear elements, using the remaining braided cables.
Remember to install the cable as close to the end of the
element as possible.
HEATING
ELEMENT
CERAMIC FIBER
WASHER
CABLE
STEEL
SPRING WASHER
CLAMP
Figure 2-5
Electrode, Clamp, Spring, and Washer Orientation

666-101-362
BRAIDED CABLE
(3 REQ'D)
.125 TYP
USE (12) 625-068 CLAMPS

TO SECURE CABLE TO ELEMENT
Figure 2-6
Electrodes Front View
633-101-362
BRAIDED
CABLE
(2 REQUIRED)
633-101-361
BRAIDED CABLE
773-066
STANDOFF
(2 REQ'D)
Figure 2-7
Electrode Rear View

4. Install the 625-036 lower insulation piece on both front and back.
The upper insulation half, with the cut out for the furnace tube
will be installed later.
5. Attach the rear furnace end block assembly to the furnace tube:
A. To ensure a good, even fit of the O-ring onto the furnace
tube; install the back end cap, and the furnace O-ring, on
the tube before putting this assembly into the instrument.
B. Make sure the O-ring is well centered before tightening the
assembly. Tighten the screws alternately and evenly.
Figure 2-8
Furnace Tube End Block Assembly

6. Insert furnace tube from rear:
A. Slide the tube into the furnace from the back of the
instrument. As the furnace tube is pushed into the furnace, it
is pushed through an insulating ring at both ends of the
furnace. The 625-501-382 insulating rings may be put in
place before the furnace tube is inserted.
Figure 2-9
Furnace Tube Installation Back View

Figure 2-10
Furnace Tube, Insulating Ring, and Lower Plate

7. Install the upper half of the furnace insulating plates (625-037).
8. Reinstall the Furnace Hood, Top Cover, and Front Access Cover.
9. Install the (2) 190-105 screws & 193-056 washers on rear of
Furnace end block assembly. This supports the furnace tube
while the front end cap is installed.
10. Attach the gas fittings and install the heat fuse onto the back of
the furnace end block assembly.
Figure 2-11
Furnace End Block Assembly

11. Install the front end block assembly:
A. Install the 625-501-149 Front O-ring.
B. Install the 625-501-167 Front End Block.
C. Make sure the O-ring is well centered before tightening the
front end block. Tighten the screws alternately and evenly.
12. Loosen the two 190-105 Screws on the back end cap assembly
that were installed in step 8. This allows the furnace tube to
expand without stress when heated.
13. Install the D-tube and light baffle into the front of the furnace
tube:
A. First install the cone tray stop pins into the two holes near
the center of the D-tube.
B. The D-tube must be inserted with the correct orientation.
The end with the sample stop pins must be inserted before
the gas flow holes.
Figure 2-12
D-tube, Light Baffle, and Furnace Tube

D-tube is supported
on bracket
Figure 2-13
D-tube Support Bracket
710-496, insulation
is inserted between
the furnace tube
and D-tube.
625-501-469,
insulation end tube D, 625-501-248,
is inserted into the D-tube
front of the D-tube support/cover
(behind cover). tabs cradle the
D-tube.
Figure 2-14
D-tube and Light Baffle Installation

14. Install the gas inlet tube and the thermocouple through the
appropriate holes in the back end cap assembly. The photos
below show the orientation of the various parts. (This is NOT
done on the bench as these pictures would indicate. It must be
done on the back of the instrument after the D-Tube is installed.)
A. Carefully insert the gas inlet tube and then the
thermocouple. Refer to Figures 2-15, 2-16 and 2-17. As you
do this, keep your finger on the D-tube at the front of the
instrument. As you push these into the instrument you are
guiding them through the holes in the light baffle. In
addition, the gas inlet tube must pass between the sample
stop pins that protrude down into the D-tube. Gentle
pressure on the front of the D-tube will help insure that you
do not push the light baffle and/or the D-tube out of the
instrument as you insert these two components. When
complete, the thermocouple will be laying on top of the D-
tube and the gas inlet tube will be inside the D-tube.
Figure 2-15
Gas Inlet Tube

B. Tighten the 3 cap screws after the thermocouple is pushed
into the end plate. There will be about a ¼ inch gap between
the end plate and the base of the thermocouple.
! Be particularly careful of the thermocouple leads. If these get

CAUTION twisted or crossed the thermocouple may not function
properly.
Figure 2-16
Thermocouple Installation

633-101-441 625-501-430 625-501-746
THERMOCOUPLE O-RING REAR END BLOCK
(3 REQUIRED) ASSEMBLY
REAR SEAL PLATE

(PART OF 625-501-746 625-501-392
REAR END BLOCK GAS INLET TUBE
625-501-158
ASSEMBLY)
INSERT
Figure 2-17
Thermocouple Installation

15. Once the D-tube, thermocouple and gas inlet tube are installed,
lift the front of the D-tube and insert the insulating pad. (see
below).
16. Install the D-tube cover (625-248).
Figure 2-18
D-tube and Insulating Pad

Camera Installation
1. Before installing the camera, install the neutral light filter (located
in the component pack, page 1–23) by placing it into the neutral
light filter arm assembly and tightening the screw as shown in
Figure 2-19, below.
Figure 2-19
Neutral Light Filter Installation
2. Adjust the camera f-stop:

A. Looking at the front of the camera lens, the first adjustment
ring is the focus adjustment. (numbered 0.5 - ∞ m), the
second adjustment ring is the f-stop/aperture adjustment
(numbered 32 - 3.9).
B. Carefully loosen the locking screw on the f-stop/aperture
adjustment ring and fully rotate the adjustment ring
counter-clockwise (looking at the front of the camera) to the
smallest aperture (the largest f-stop number) so that the
least amount of light enters the camera lens.
C. Carefully rotate the f-stop/aperture adjustment ring
clockwise to the second detent position (you should be able
to feel each f-stop as you rotate the adjustment ring, each

detent position provides a small amount of resistance as the
ring is rotated).
D. With the f-stop set to the second detent position, gently
tighten the locking screw on the f-stop adjustment ring.
3. Install the camera assembly as shown in Figure 2-20,
page 2–23.
Figure 2-20
Camera Installation

4. Install the USB cable and connect the thermocouple to the
furnace card at J394D. Refer to Figure 2-21, page 2–24.
Figure 2-21
Camera Assembly, USB Cable, Thermocouple Wire

Apply Power
1. The Power Switch should be in the OFF position.

2. Plug the power cord into the facility power source.
3. Turn the Oxidizing gas on at the regulator and set it to 25 PSI
(1.72 Bars).
4. Turn the Reducing gas on at the regulator and set it to 25 PSI
(1.72 Bars).
5. Turn the Purge gas on at the regulator and set it to 25 PSI (1.72
Bars).
6. Turn AC power to the determinator ON.
7. Turn the Computer ON.

8. Double-click on the AF700 icon to start the AF700 software
program.

Camera Configuration
NOTE This procedure is used for a single unit or dual unit installation. For a
single unit installation stop at step 9.
1. Plug the 621-710 Ethernet Hub into the Ethernet port on the rear
panel of the computer. Use the supplied 619-610 CAT-5 cable.
2. For each instrument do the following:
 Plug the 619-950 USB cable into the computer USB port.
 Follow the instructions in the Hardware Wizard. When it asks
to search for software select No, not this time.
 The dialog box, shown above, will display twice for each
instrument when the USB 1.1 and USB 2.0 camera drivers are
installed.
 When this process is complete for each instrument, unplug the
USB cable from the computer. They will be reconnected at a
later step in this procedure.
 Repeat these steps for the second AF700 instrument.
3. Turn the AC power on both instruments
4. If dual instruments are being installed, connect one of the AF700
instruments into the Ethernet hub. DO NOT connect the other
AF700 instrument at this time. Skip this step if only one
instrument is being installed.

5. Connect the USB cable from this same instrument, connected to
the Ethernet hub, into the computer USB port.
6. Select and run the AF700 Configuration Management program.
Refer to the screen below.
7. With only one instrument connected, and turned on, you should
see a dialog box similar to the one below. However, depending on
which instrument you have connected, it may indicate Unit #2.
The displayed Serial Number should match that of the unit you
have connected. Check the serial number on the back of the
instrument. In addition, the Network Address may be different
then that displayed below.
8. In the Camera S/N field the pull down list should show only one
camera serial number. This is the serial number of the camera
currently connected. Choose this serial number and then select
Continue.
9. Click Save to save the instrument configuration and then close
the application.
10. Connect the second instrument and run the AF700 Configuration
Management program.
11. With the second instrument connected, the displayed information
should look similar to the information in the dialog box below.

12. The pull down menu under the Camera S/N for the second unit
should now show two Camera serial numbers to choose from.
Choose the number that is different from the one in step 8.
Change the Unit Number of the second camera to #2 and then
select Continue.
13. The AF700 software will come up again. This time the program
should be able to communicate with both instruments.
NOTE When using diagnostics to monitor a given instrument, it’s first

necessary to select a particular unit to monitor using the tool bar unit
selector button. This button toggles between instruments. Refer to
the screen on the next page. This is also necessary for other
instrument functions such as the Configuration System page.
Screen Definitions
Show All—Display all instruments that are connected to the computer.
Refresh—Displays all instruments that are currently connected to the
computer.
Save—Saves current configuration.

Camera Adjustment
NOTES  This procedure has to be performed when inches or millimeters

are used for the height and width measurements. It is not
necessary to be performed for measurements in pixels.
 Refer to Target Height and Width Calibration on page 4–14.
1. Remove the lens cap and focus the camera using the supplied
target. Refer to Figures 2-22 and 2-23. The focus should be
performed with the camera aperture at the fully open position
(clockwise). Once the camera is focused, close the aperture by
turning it completely counter-clockwise, and then turn it
clockwise two click positions (refer to the note below). Lock the
set screw in this position. For additional information about the
Camera Setup, refer to page 4–12.
NOTE  For low temperature applications, less than 700oC, turn the
camera aperture adjustment three click positions instead of two.
Figure 2-22
Camera Adjustments

Figure 2-23
Camera Setup with Target
2. Install the side panels

3. Activate the electronic door lock by rotating it counter-clockwise.

Copy Protection Key
A copy protection key is required to use the AF700 software. The key
should remain installed in one of the USB ports while using the
software.
A Software License Key Not Found or License Not Valid dialog box
might appear if the key is not installed or if the key is initialized for
use but not registered.
Refer to Copy Protection Key Not Installed, page 2–32, or Copy
Protection Key Not Registered, page 2–33.
Copy Protection Key Not Installed

The following dialog box appears if the copy protection key is not
installed.
1. Click Add.
2. Insert the copy protection key into the USB port on the computer.
3. Click Cancel. The Licenses dialog box appears.
4. Click Close. The Login screen appears.
If the copy protection key is installed when the Software License Key
Not Found or License Not Valid error message first appears on the
screen, the following dialog box appears.

5. Select the key number.
6. Click Refresh.
7. Click Close.
Copy Protection Key Not Registered

If the copy protection key is initialized but not registered, the following
dialog box appears.
1. Click Add. The Edit License dialog box appears.

2. Complete the Edit License dialog box. Refer to Software
Registration, page 2–36.

Software Installation
NOTE The following procedure is normally preformed when the instrument

is manufactured and is not necessary during installation.
The software is initially installed by LECO. Use this procedure to

reinstall the software if necessary. For example, if it is lost due to
computer failure.
During software installation and upgrades, the person installing the
software must have administrative rights. The software must be
started at least once on the administrative level since the software
must be able to access and modify the registry. For day-to-day
operation, the logged-in user must be designated as a Power User or
Administrator in Microsoft® Windows in order to use the software.
1. Verify that AC power to the instrument is off.
2. Turn the computer system on.
3. Login to the operating system as administrator.
4. Insert the software installation CD-ROM into the CD-ROM disk
drive (typically D:).
5. A series of installation prompts are displayed automatically.
Follow the instructions on the screen to complete the AF700
installation.
6. After the installation is complete, double-click the AF700 icon on
the desktop to start the software.

Software Upgrade
A major portion of the analyzer's functions are defined and controlled

by a software program that may be upgraded. Software upgrades can
improve performance of the instrument and make operation easier.
Periodically, software upgrades will be available. The following
procedure can also be used to install software upgrades.
Before continuing with this procedure, print the system parameters.
You may also want to record any important results from the result list.
Upon completion of this procedure, all settings and results will be
deleted.
1. Power on the computer.
2. Power on the instrument.
3. Power on the gas supplies.
4. Insert the software upgrade CD-ROM in the CD-ROM disk drive
(typically D:).
5. The installation program should start automatically. If not:
A. Click on the Start button in the lower left-hand corner.
B. Click on Run. The Run dialog box is displayed.
C. Enter D:\Setup.exe and click OK.
6. Follow the instructions displayed on the screen to complete the
software upgrade.
7. Double-click the AF700 icon on the desktop to start the software.
Upgrade Camera Software

NOTE The camera software will not upgrade automatically. To upgrade the
camera software follow the instructions below.
1. Click the Start button in the lower left-hand corner.

2. Click on Run. The Run dialog box is displayed.
3. Enter D:\LuCam\LuCamSoftware.exe and click OK.
4. Follow the instructions displayed on the screen.

Software Registration
NOTE The following procedure is normally preformed when the instrument

is manufactured and is not necessary during installation.
A software registration number must be entered after a software

upgrade has been installed. If the system is new, a LECO technician
has already entered the software registration number.
Contact the LECO Service department if there are any problems
concerning the software registration number.
1. Enter the Customer Name.
2. Enter the Serial Number of the software.
3. Enter the software Registration Key number.
4. Click OK to save the software registration information and close
the dialog box.
5. If any of the information was entered incorrectly, an error
message will appear. Click OK to close this screen and then,
correct the information.

International Installation
For international installation, a HAR approved line cord for use in the
end country must be obtained. This product requires a disconnect
device that may either be the plug of the power cord or a disconnect
device installed at the installation site if the equipment is permanently
wired.
When the plug on the power supply cord is intended to serve as the
disconnect device, the socket/outlet must be installed near the
equipment and shall be easily accessible. When the wiring is
permanently connected, a disconnect device (such as a circuit breaker
or switch) must be lockable, installed near the equipment, and be
easily accessible.


3 Option Installation
Printer Installation........................................................................3–3
Option Installation AF700 3–1

3–2 AF700 Option Installation

Printer Installation
Use the following procedures along with the manual supplied with the
Printer to install the optional printer.
1. Shut down and turn off the Computer system if necessary.
2. Unpack the Printer and locate the printer interface cable.
3. Refer to the installation instructions supplied with the printer.
Install the printer on the work surface and connect all necessary
cables and components.
4. Turn on the Computer and Printer. It is not necessary to turn on
the instrument at this time.
5. Refer to the installation instructions supplied with the printer and
install the printer software.
6. After the printer is installed and tested, turn the computer and
printer OFF.
Option Installation AF700 3–3

3–4 AF700 Option Installation

4 System Setup
Illustrations .................................................................................4–4
Ash Cone Sample Preparation ........................................................4–5
Sample Mounting .........................................................................4–7
Setting Up Cone Positions..............................................................4–9
Setting Up the Camera................................................................ 4–12
Target Height and Width Calibration.............................................. 4–14
AF700 Main Screen..................................................................... 4–17
Main Screen Functions ........................................................... 4–18
Menu Buttons .................................................................. 4–18
Plot Buttons..................................................................... 4–19
Plot Menu ........................................................................ 4–20
Screen Layout............................................................................ 4–22
Screen Layout Definitions ....................................................... 4–22
Add Dashboard ..................................................................... 4–23
Configure Dashboard ............................................................. 4–24
Dashboard Definitions ............................................................ 4–25
When One Sample is selected............................................. 4–25
When Multiple Samples are selected.................................... 4–25
Menu Overview .......................................................................... 4–26
Database Menu ..................................................................... 4–26
Edit Menu............................................................................. 4–26
View Menu ........................................................................... 4–27
Samples Menu ...................................................................... 4–28
Configuration Menu ............................................................... 4–30
Diagnostics Menu .................................................................. 4–31
Maintenance Menu................................................................. 4–32
Add or Change User Permission .................................................... 4–33
Select Language......................................................................... 4–35
Sample Display Configuration....................................................... 4–36
System Setup AF700 4–1

Configure Fields .................................................................... 4–36
Configure Font ...................................................................... 4–37
Hide/Show the Toolbar........................................................... 4–38
Hide/Show the Status Bar....................................................... 4–38
Log Bar................................................................................ 4–38
Shortcuts to Move Between Samples ........................................ 4–39
Go to First Row in the Spreadsheet ..................................... 4–39
Go to Last Row in the Spreadsheet ..................................... 4–39
Go to Analyze Row in the Spreadsheet ................................ 4–39
Auto Widths.......................................................................... 4–39
System Configuration ................................................................. 4–40
System Configuration Definitions ............................................. 4–41
Method Configuration.................................................................. 4–42
Create a Method.................................................................... 4–42
General Definitions ........................................................... 4–44
Method Furnace Parameters............................................... 4–45
Method Equation Parameters.............................................. 4–45
Edit a Method ....................................................................... 4–46
Clone a Method ..................................................................... 4–47
Export a Method.................................................................... 4–48
Import a Method ................................................................... 4–50
Delete a Method.................................................................... 4–51
Method Dialog Box Navigation ............................................ 4–51
Define Calibration Standards........................................................ 4–52
Standard Definitions ......................................................... 4–53
Login using a Calibration Standard........................................... 4–54
Standard Login Definitions ...................................................... 4–55
Sample Templates...................................................................... 4–56
Create a Sample Template...................................................... 4–56
Delete a Sample Template ...................................................... 4–57
Edit the Sample Template List ................................................. 4–57
Login using a Sample Template ............................................... 4–57
Sample Filters............................................................................ 4–58
Apply a Filter to Select Samples .............................................. 4–58
Define a Filter to Apply........................................................... 4–59
Automatically Reapply the Sample Filter ................................... 4–61
4–2 AF700 System Setup

Hardware Calibration .................................................................. 4–62
Backup/Restore..................................................................... 4–62
User Defined Fields..................................................................... 4–63
Number Formatting ............................................................... 4–65
Format Examples ............................................................. 4–65
Formulas.............................................................................. 4–66
Comparison Functions ....................................................... 4–67
Database Management................................................................ 4–68
Database Log Archive ............................................................ 4–68
Database Menu Functions ....................................................... 4–69
Presentation Time ............................................................ 4–69
View History ......................................................................... 4–69
Archive Log .......................................................................... 4–70
Removing Results From The Database ................................. 4–70
Disable Logging on an Existing Database ............................. 4–70
Database Management Start Dialog Box ................................... 4–71
Add a Database Connection .................................................... 4–72
Add a Connection to a Log Archive Database ........................ 4–72
Add a Connection to a New Database .................................. 4–72
Add a Connection to an Existing Database............................ 4–73
Select a Database Connection ................................................. 4–73
Compact/Repair a Database.................................................... 4–74
Delete a Database Connection................................................. 4–75

Illustrations
Figure 4-1 Camera Focus Tray ....................................................... 4–14

Ash Cone Sample Preparation
This procedure requires the following equipment:

 250 micron Sieve
 75 micron Sieve
 Muffle Furnace
 Agate Mortar or Agate Grinder
 Pointed Spatula
 Mechanical Mixer
 Cone Mold
 Fireclay or Porcelain Roasting Dish
1. Pass the coal or coke through a No. 60 (250 micron) sieve.

2. Spread three to five grams of the coal or coke into a fireclay or
porcelain roasting dish so that the sample is not over ¼ inch (6
mm) deep.
3. Place the dish in a cold muffle furnace and gradually heat to
redness.
Heating too rapidly may cause mechanical loss from expulsion of
volatile matter.
4. Complete the conversion to ash at a temperature of 1470 to
1650F (800 to 900C).
5. Transfer the ash to an agate mortar or agate grinder and grind it
until it will pass through a No. 200 (75 micron) sieve.
6. Spread the ash into a thin layer in a fireclay or porcelain roasting
dish and ignite it in a stream of oxygen in a muffle furnace heated
to 1470 to 1560F (800 -850C). This should continue for one
and a half hours to insure complete and uniform oxidation of the
ash.
7. Remove the sample material from the muffle furnace and mix the
ignited ash in the mechanical mixer.
8. Take a sufficient ash for the number of cones desired for various
parts of the bulk ash.
9. Moisten the ash with a few drops of clear filtered 10% solution of
dextrin containing 0.1% salicylic acid as a preservative.
With some cone ashes, cones with sharp points and edges can be
obtained in distilled water instead of the dextrin solution and
without coating the cone mold with silicone release agent.
10. Work the moistened ash into a stiff mass with a pointed spatula.
11. Spray the Cone Mold with a thin coating of Silicone Release
Agent.

12. Use the spatula to press the plastic mass into the cone mold,
strike off excess material and smooth the exposed surfaces of the
material.
13. Remove the cones from the cone mold by applying pressure at
the base of the cone with a pointed spatula.
14. Place the cones in a suitable location and allow them to dry.

Sample Mounting
When the cones are dry attach them to the sample tray provided as
follows:
1. Place a drop of cone adhesive on the bottom of the cone.
2. Place the cone into the cone location. This must be done before
the adhesive sets up.
3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 until all the cones are attached to the
sample tray.
4. Use the spatula to remove any cones that are not properly
attached and the adhesive. The cone can then be remounted.
Cone Tray Top
(This side can be used for single gold wire by removing cone #2)
P/N 625-501-615

Cone Tray Bottom
(Use this side for calibration wires by removing Cone #2 and/or #4)
The numbers are not marked on the tray but the numbering scheme shown above
is suggested (cone flats to the front).
 For automation it’s better to use 5 samples instead of 6. Six

Note samples may cause overlap at FT making it difficult to determine
the result.

Setting Up Cone Positions
1. Select Configuration, System and then click on the Cone Position

Setup tab.
Image Cropping
Cone Position
Cone Position Number
2. To add a cone or wire:

A. Click Cone Sample or Wire Sample. This determines which
expression to use for calculation.
B. Select Show Cone Position to set up each cone position to
capture the cone or wire. The position is outlined by a
rectangular box (red).
C. Click the Add Cone button. The next cone is outlined by the
rectangular box (red) as shown in the next screen (Cone
Position 2).

Cone Position
Cone Position Number
D. The rectangle can be moved by clicking and dragging the

edge or by using the navigation buttons (up and down
arrows).
NOTE The rectangle must include a portion of the cookie for contrast
purposes for data analysis.
E. The Crop Height and Crop Width buttons can be used for
resizing the rectangle.
NOTE Crop width determines if the sample is a wire or cone. A width under
200 is a wire sample and a width over 200 is a cone sample. The
cone and wire samples use different method equations. For this
reason do not use a width under 200 for a cone sample.
F. The center box indicates which cone position is selected.
Click the center box to move to a different cone position.
G. Continue to add cones positions and reposition the rectangle
for each cone. Cones will bend as they melt. Allow enough
image area for this.

3. To display and setup the entire cropped image area:
A. Select Show Image Cropping. Everything within the
rectangular box is collected.
B. The rectangle can be moved by clicking and dragging the
edge or by using the navigation buttons (up and down
arrows).
C. The Crop Height and Crop Width buttons can be used for
resizing the rectangle.
D. While positioning or resizing the image cropping rectangle,
keep the bottom of the rectangle on the cookie to allow the
auto exposure and gain control to use it as a white balance.
Do not position the bottom of the rectangle in the dark area
beneath the cookie. Also, make sure the rectangle is
positioned around all the cones.
Image Cropping
Bottom Border on Cookie
4. Select Show Sample Buffer to display the sample buffer image.

This allows the user to reposition the rectangle around the cone.
Use the navigation buttons to move the sample image to the
desired position.

Setting Up the Camera
1. Select Configuration, System and then click on the Camera Setup

tab.
2. Verify that the light ring for the camera is on. Refer to
Diagnostics, page 8–11.
3. Click the About Camera to display a dialog box with details about
the camera. Verify that the camera ID is 92. If not contact LECO.
4. Click Reset to set the camera parameters back to the factory
default settings.
5. Click Focus to display a full size camera image on the screen to
focus the camera.
6. Click Snap Shot to take a picture of the image.
7. Click Save Image to save the image. The Save As dialog box is
displayed. Select the location, enter a filename and click OK to
save the image.

8. Check Auto update to adjust the camera manually as you watch
the screen. The camera will continue to take snap shots when this
box is checked.
9. Click Grid lines to display grid lines that can be used to align and
adjust the camera.
10. Click Histogram to display a histogram of the image. The
histogram will appear in the lower left hand corner of the screen.
11. Click AEC/AGC to turn on the Automatic Exposure Control and the
Automatic Gain Control.
12. The Exposure, Adjustment, Maximum, Lum, Gain and Gamma
information for the camera will be entered automatically when the
AEC/AGC control is turned on. If the AEC/AGC control is turned
off these adjustments can be set manually.
13. Click the Apply button to apply the camera information.

Target Height and Width Calibration
The default Calibration Target Height (0.75 inches) and Target Width
(1.98 inches) are for calibration with the Camera Focus Tray Assembly
provided in the component pack. The Height is measured from the top
of the "sample" pins to the bottom of the metal target. The Width is
measured from the left edge to the right edge of the base of the metal
target.
1. Place the Camera Focus Tray in the furnace.

2. Select Configuration, System. Verify that the default calibration
target height of 0.75 inches is entered. Refer to System
Configuration, page 4–40.
Figure 4-1
Camera Focus Tray

3. Click the Cone Position Setup tab.
4. Click Calibration Height.

5. With the point of the cursor aligned with top of a "sample" pin,
select and hold the left mouse button, drag the mouse down and
align the point of the cursor with the bottom the target, release
the left mouse button. The number of pixels will be displayed as
the mouse is moved towards the bottom of the target.
6. Click the Calibrate Height check box to uncheck it. When the left
mouse button is released the calibrated height of 0.75 inches will
be displayed.
7. Click OK to save the new Height Calibration.

8. Click Calibrate Width.
9. With the point of the cursor aligned with the left side of the
camera focus tray, select and hold the left mouse button, drag
the mouse down and align the point of the cursor with the right
side of the target, release the left mouse button. The number of
pixels will be displayed as the mouse is moved towards the right
of the target.
10. Click the Calibrate Width check box to uncheck it. When the left
mouse button is released the calibrated width of 1.98 inches will
be displayed.
11. Click OK to save the new Width Calibration.

AF700 Main Screen
The layout of the AF700 main screen can be arranged to improve the
ability to operate the instrument and manage or view data.
To move the panes, place the mouse pointer over the dashboard tab,
hold down the left mouse button and drag the pane to the desired
position. The cursor will change with an arrow indicating where the
pane will be relocated. If the cursor changes to four arrows, in the
form of a star, the dashboard being moved will be placed over the one
under the cursor. To display a dashboard pane that has been overlaid,
click the tab.
DASHBOARD
TABS
The four windows at the bottom display the sample image at the
following temperatures.
IT / Initial Temperature
ST / Sphere Softening Temperature
HT / Hemisphere Temperature
FT / Flow Fluid Temperature

The screen below has been customized by moving the plot panes with
the dashboard tabs. Click the Dashboard Tabs to select the plot pane.
After the screen has been customized it can be saved using Screen
Layout, page 4–22.
Main Screen Functions
Menu Buttons
F1 through F7 are used to access the on-board manual, Login sample
information, start an analysis, abort an analysis and pause an analysis.
An indicator to determine the type of furnace gas selected.

During analysis the type of furnace gas is selected by the method.
Selections are: Reducing (carbon monoxide), Oxidizing (air) or Purge
(nitrogen).
Click to Lock or Unlock the door.
The software can control two furnaces from one PC. Click to
select the furnace, any changes to the software will be applied to the
furnace selected.

Click Setup to set the sample cone positions for analysis.
Refer to Setting Up Cone Positions on page 4–9.
Plot Buttons
Goto—click to goto a sample at the deformation temperature.
Set—click to set a sample at a specific deformation temperature.
Find—click to locate a sample at temperature where the height to
width becomes 1 or just below 1.
Temperature Slider—slide the bar to see the sample at different
temperatures.
<< Play button Forwardswitches play button to play forward.
||> or <|| Play button Foward or Reverse—click to start, click a second
time to stop.
>> Play button Reverse—switches play button to play in reverse.
The following buttons are located at the top of each plot pane:
Click to print the plot and plot parameter values.
Click to display a print preview of the plot and plot parameters

to print.
Click to Measure cone height and then, click on the top or

bottom of the cone image and drag the measurement line. Click on the
image again to remove the measurement lines.
Click to measure the cone height at a fixed height of 1/16 inch.

This can be used to manually determine if the cone has reached fluid
temperature (ASTM definition).
…Click to measure the width of the camera focus tray for width
calibration.
…Click to set the plot aspect ratio to 1:1.

Plot Menu
The following menu is also available; right-click on the sample image
to display it.
Zoom Out and Zoom Out One Level are only available after you have
zoomed in on the sample image.
To zoom in on an area, click and drag the rectangle around the sample
image you wish to zoom in on.
Show Image Metrics—click to display the results of Image Processing.
Show Metrics Plot—click to display a graphical plot of the image. The

image plot can be configured with Properties.

Statistics—when multi-samples are selected, click statistics to display
statistics of the selected samples in the plot pane.
Print—click Print to print the plot pane and plot parameters on the
system printer.
Print Preview—click Print Preview to preview the printout of the plot
pane and plot parameters.
Properties—click properties to configure the metrics plot.

Screen Layout
Screen Layout permits the operator to save a customized screen

layout for recall at a later time.
1. Arrange the panes in the Main Screen as desired.
2. Click View and select Screen Layout.
3. Click Save, a highlighted text box displays to enter a screen

layout name.
4. Type a Screen Layout name.
5. Click Close. The new screen layout will be saved.
Screen Layout Definitions

Delete—Select a Screen Layout and click Delete to remove the
selected layout from the list.
Select—Select a screen layout and click Select to automatically
configure the main screen to the selected screen layout.
Close—Click Close to exit screen layouts.
Move up—Select a screen layout and click Move up to move the
selected screen layout towards the top of the list.
Move down—Select a screen layout and click Move down to move the
selected screen layout towards the bottom of the list.
Default—Click default to select the original (default) layout
programmed by LECO.

Add Dashboard
1. Click View and select New Dashboard Pane. The Dashboard
Properties dialog box will appear.
2. Click Show Plot or Show Values to determine the dashboard

content.
3. Click Add to display a dialog box with all available content
selections.
4. Click the dashboard content to select it and then click OK to add.
The selection will be added to the Options list.
5. Click Tab Label and enter a title for the new dashboard tab.
6. Click OK to add the new dashboard to the main screen.

Configure Dashboard
1. Position the cursor over the dashboard to configure and click the
right mouse button.
2. Click Properties. The dashboard properties screen will appear.
3. Select the desired properties to configure the dashboard. Refer to

Dashboard Definitions, page 4–25.
4. Click OK to save the configuration and exit.

Dashboard Definitions
The dashboard has two configurations that automatically switch
depending on the number of samples selected in the spreadsheet.
When one sample is selected the configuration on the left side of the
properties screen is used. When more than one sample is selected the
configuration on the right side of the properties screen is used.
When One Sample is selected

Show Plot—If selected, a plot will appear in the dashboard.
Show Values—If selected, a value will appear in the dashboard.
Reporting Units—The data units plotted in the dashboard. Click the
arrow to select the units.
Plot Pattern—Selects the graphic pattern shown inside the plot. Click
the arrow to select the patterns.
Plot Color—Selects the color of the plot pattern.
Y-axis—Determines the number of Y-axes. A maximum of two can be
selected if two or more items are displayed on the plot. Click the arrow
to select the number of Y-axes.
Show Peak Separators—If selected, the peak separators are displayed
on the dashboard pages showing plots.
When Multiple Samples are selected

Show Control Chart with Stats—Displays the Control Chart and
Statistics.
Show Control Chart—Displays the Control Chart only.
Show Stats—Displays Statistics only.
Overlaid Plots—Displays two or more plots on the same graph. The
number of plots displayed depends on the number of samples
selected.
Stats to Display—Selects the type of statistics to display. Click the
arrow to select the statistics.
Label Stats Points—Labels the statistics displayed on the plot with a
number that corresponds to the sample number in the spreadsheet.
Significant Digits—The number of significant digits displayed in the
statistic shown in the dashboard.

Menu Overview
Database Menu
Presentation Time—Used to view the database as it existed at some

previous point in time. Refer to Presentation Time, page 4–69.
View History—Used to view the History file. Refer to View History,
page 4–69.
Archive Log—Used to view the Archive Log. Refer to Archive Log,
page 4–70.
Exit—Used to exit the application program and returns to the Windows
Operating System.
Edit Menu
Insert—Inserts a sample out of sequence, between unanalyzed

samples, into the spreadsheet for analysis. Refer to Insert a Sample,
page 5–16, for additional information.
Fill—A group of cells in the spreadsheet can be quickly filled with the
same data. Refer to Fill Cells with the Same Data, page 5–17, for
additional information.
Cut—Used to delete data from an entire row in the spreadsheet and
copy it to the clipboard. Refer to Delete a Sample, page 5–18, for
Copy—Used to copy data from an entire row in the spreadsheet to the
clipboard.
Paste—Used to paste data from the clipboard to a selected row in the
spreadsheet.

View Menu
Toolbar—Toggles the toolbar off or on. Refer to Hide/Show the

Toolbar, page 4–38, for additional information.
Log Bar—Displays messages that are added to the log file. Refer to Log
Bar, page 4–38, for additional information.
Status Bar—Toggles the status bar off or on. Refer to Hide/Show the
Status Bar, page 4–38, for additional information.
First Row—Automatically selects the first row of data in the
spreadsheet. Refer to Go to First Row in the Spreadsheet, page 4–39,
for additional information.
Analysis Row—Automatically selects the analysis row of data in the
spreadsheet. Refer to Go to the Analyze Row in the Spreadsheet, page
4–39, for additional information.
Last Row—Automatically selects the last row of data in the
spreadsheet. Refer to Go to Last Row in the Spreadsheet, page 4–39,
New Dashboard Pane—Displays the Dashboard Properties dialog box
that can be used to create a new Dashboard screen, page 4–23.
Screen Layouts—Displays the Screen Layout dialog box that can be
used to save, select, and delete a screen layout. It can also be used to
display the default screen layout, 4–19.

Samples Menu
Login—Used to login a sample or a standard into the spreadsheet.

Refer to Login Samples, page 5–7, for additional information.
Analyze—Displays the sample login screen to login and analyze a
sample, analyze a standard, or analyze multiple samples. Refer to
Analyze a Sample, page 5–9, for additional information.
Abort—Used to stop or abort an analysis. Refer to Abort an Analysis,
page 5–9, for additional information.
Pause—The operator can stop or pause analysis at a selected sample
and then resume at a programmed date and time. Refer to Delay
Analysis, page 5–10, for additional information.
Promote—Moves an unanalyzed sample, within the sample list, up the
list towards the next sample to be analyzed.

Promote: Analyze Next—Moves an unanalyzed sample, within the
sample list, up the list and positions it as the next sample to be
analyzed.
Demote— Moves an unanalyzed sample, within the sample list, down
the list towards the last sample to be analyzed.
Recalculate—After an analysis is complete, recalculate results can be
used to recalculate the result if the extraction data or calibration has
changed. Refer to Recalculate Results, page 5–15, for additional
information.
Transmit—Transmits selected analyzed samples, with a data format, to
a host computer. Refer to Transmit Selected Samples, page 5–40, for
Print—The print command accesses the report settings dialog box to
print selected sample results on the system printer. Refer to Print
Results, page 5–11, for additional information.
Print Preview—The print preview command accesses the report
settings dialog box to preview how selected samples would print on
the system printer. Refer to Print Preview, page 5–14, for additional
information.
Print Setup—Print Setup permits the operator to setup the printed
page. The choices and functions will depend on the printer in use.
Text Import Data—Used to import sample data from another software
application. Refer to Import Data, page 5–28, for additional
information.
Text Export Data—Used to export sample data to another storage
location. Refer to Export Data, page 5–21, for additional information.
Transfer Export—Used to Export Sample Data to a File. The file can be
saved on the systems hard drive or transferred to another media for
safe storage. Refer to Transfer Export, page 5–41.
Transfer Import—Used to Import Sample Data from a File and restore
it in the spreadsheet. The file had to be saved using Export Sample
Data to a File. Refer to Transfer Import, page 5–42.
Sign—Used to add a signature to a sample that ensures the validity of
the sample information has remained the same since it was signed.
Refer to Sample Signature, page 5–19.
View Signatures—Used to view a sample signature and determine if it
is valid. Refer to View Signatures, page 5–20.
Delete—Delete a sample removes a selected sample with sample data
from the spreadsheet. Refer to Delete a Sample, page 5–18, for
View History—Used to look at a history log of the actions performed on
a selected sample. Refer to View History of a Sample, page 4–69.

Configuration Menu
Calibration—Matches the response of the instrument to known

calibration samples. Refer to Calibration, page 5–3, for additional
information.
From the Calibration menu the operator can select New Calibration,
page 5–3, Add Standards, page 5–4, View Calibration, page 5–5, and
Edit or Manual Calibration page, 5–5.
Standards—Used to add standards into the calibration standards list.
Refer to Define Calibration Standards, page 4–52, for additional
information.
Methods—Used to create a method for analysis. Refer to Method
Configuration, page 4–42, for additional information.
Counters—Automatically determines when periodic maintenance is
necessary. Maintenance data, that was previously entered, is used by
the counters to determine when maintenance is necessary. Refer to
Configure Maintenance Counters, page 6–4, for additional information.
User Defined Fields—Permits the operator to add a unique field to the
spreadsheet and sample login screen. The field can include a formula
for calculation or contain only text. Refer to User Defined Fields, page
4–63, for additional information.
Sample Templates—A quick way for the operator to login a sample and
enter a method, comment, and description. Create a sample template
is used to develop a specific sample template. After a sample template
is developed, use the sample template to login a sample with
predetermined sample data. Refer to Sample Templates, page 4–56,

System—Configure system sets the overall instrument operating
settings to configure the instrument for a specific application or set of
applications. Refer to System Configuration, page 4–40, for additional
information.
Users—Determines which operators can use the instrument and what
functions they can use. Refer to Users, page 4–26, for additional
information.
Transmission Formats—Before data can be transmitted to a host
computer, the transmitted data format must be configured to match
the host requirements. Use transmission formats to configure data
transmission. Refer to Transmit Format Configuration, page 5–30, for
Text Export Formats—Before text can be exported to a file, the
transmitted text format must be configured to match the host
requirements. Use text export formats to configure text. Refer to
Export Configuration, page 5–21, for additional information.
Select Language—Permits the user to select the language displayed by
the software. Refer to Select Language, page 4–35.
Auto Widths—Automatically adjusts the width of each cell to fit the
text. For instructions refer to Auto Widths, page 4–39.
Display—Permits the operator to select the display fields and fonts
shown on the computer monitor. Refer to Sample Display
Configuration, page 4–36, for additional information.
Sample Filters—Sample filters permits the operator to display sample
data based on a predefined requirement. Refer to Sample Filters,
page 4–58.
Hardware Calibration-Hardware calibration permits calibration of the
System Flow and the Incoming Pressure by the operator, page 4–62.
Backup/Restore-Allows users to backup existing calibration conditions
(pressure and flow), or restore previous calibrations from existing
source, page 4–62.
Diagnostics Menu
Chart—Select Chart to monitor the System Operating Parameters and

display the Ambient Monitor as a Chart and Graph. All parameters can
be displayed. Refer to Ambient Monitor, page 8–3.
Solenoids and Switches—Select Solenoids to toggle the Solenoid
Valves to verify proper operation, diagnose instrument problems and

perform periodic maintenance. Refer to Solenoids and Switches,
page 8–11.
System Check—System check permits the operator to automatically
determine if major systems in the instrument are operating properly.
Refer to System Check, page 8–6.
Furnace—Select Furnace to test and monitor the Furnace for proper
operation. Refer to Furnace Diagnostics, page 8–7.
Network—Select Network to test the Electronic Assemblies and
upgrade Firmware. Refer to Network Diagnostics, page 8–9.
Maintenance Menu
Log-In—Used to login periodic maintenance after it was performed.

Refer to Login Periodic Maintenance, page 6–6, for additional
information.
View Log File—The system will automatically keep a record of various
procedures that were performed. The record can be viewed using view
log file. Refer to View Log File, page 6–3, for additional information.

Add or Change User Permission
Adding users provides security to the system and prevents

unauthorized operations that could cause damage or inaccurate
analysis results.
A user must be added in Windows before that user can be assigned
permissions for the instrument. To add a user to Windows, refer to
Windows Help for complete instructions.
Any users assigned to the system from Windows will display in the
Name column of the Users dialog box. The current user logged into the
Windows system will display in blue in the Users dialog box. Only users
assigned as administrators in Windows can add or change user
permissions.
1. Click Configuration and select Users. The Users screen will
display.
2. To enable user permissions during the operation of the

instrument, click to place a √ in the Enable User Permissions
checkbox. When it is not √ checked, user permissions are not
enabled during the operation of the instrument and all users can
perform any function on the instrument
3. Select the name of the user to add or change permission by
clicking in the Row column for that user.
4. To disable all user permissions for a specific user, place a √ in the
Guest column. When the user logs on to the system they will be
considered a Guest and will have READ-ONLY access to the
software. Guest users are not allowed to perform any of the
functions listed in the User Properties dialog box.

5. Click Properties. The User Properties dialog box will display.
6. Click the desired checkboxes to assign or remove user permission

for the functions listed in the edit box. When an X displays, the
user has permission to perform that function.
7. Click OK to close User Properties.
8. Repeat steps 3-7 until all users have been assigned permissions;
however, if one user requires the exact same permissions as a
user that already has permissions assigned, the Same As column
can be used to save time.
A. Select the name of the user to add or change permission by
clicking in the Row column for that user.
B. Single-click in the Same As column.
C. From the list, select the name of the user that already has
the same permissions assigned.
D. When finished, click OK to close the Users dialog box.

Select Language
Select Language permits the operator to select the software language.

The available choices appear on the screen.
 Although the language of the software will change, the electronic

Notes manual will remain in English.
 The languages displayed on the screen below are used as an

example and may vary from the actual ones displayed on your
computer monitor.
1. From the Configuration menu, click Select Language. The Select

Language dialog box will appear.
2. Select the language desired.

3. Click OK. Software will convert to language chosen.

Sample Display Configuration
Sample Display Configuration permits the operator to add or remove

fields that appear in the spreadsheet and vhange the font of the text.
Configure Fields
1. From the Configuration menu, click Display. The Sample Display
screen will appear.
2. Click Fields to display or hide a field.

3. To show an invisible field, select the field to display and click
Show.
4. To hide a visible field, select the field to hide and click Hide.

5. To change the order of fields shown on the spreadsheet, in the
Fields List box select the field to move and click either Promote or
Demote.
6. To stop one or more columns from scrolling when the horizontal
scroll bar is moved, click and edit Locked Columns. The number
of columns, from left to right, displayed in the spreadsheet on the
main screen, will remain stationary.
Configure Font
1. Click Font to change the font name, style, size, and color. The
Font configuration screen will appear.
2. From the Font configuration screen select the Font Name, Style
and Size. A sample of the selected Font will appear in the Sample
Text preview box.

Hide/Show the Toolbar
If desired, the toolbar can be turned off or turned back on. The
toolbar, located at the top of the screen, is a quick way to perform
menu functions without accessing the menus.
1. From the View menu, click Toolbar. A check indicates the toolbar
will be displayed.
Hide/Show the Status Bar

If desired, the status bar can be turned off or turned back on. The
status bar, located at the bottom of the screen, will show operational
functions of the instrument as they are currently in progress.
1. From the View menu, click Status Bar. A check indicates the
status bar will be displayed. The operator can switch between unit
#1 and unit #2 by clicking the Unit Icon in the Toolbar.
2. Click Unit #1 Status Bar to always show the status bar for unit
#1.
3. Click Unit #2 Status Bar to always show the status bar for unit
#2.
Log Bar
The log bar, located at the bottom of the screen, displays information
saved in the log file. It only appears when it displays information. This
information may be communication failures, severe errors or
operational procedures.
If Log Bar is not checked it will only display communications failures
and severe errors.
If Log Bar is checked it will display any information saved in the log
file. This includes communications failures, severe errors and
operational procedures.
Examples of operational procedures are sample data changes,
calibration changes, change to the sample mass and more.

Shortcuts to Move Between Samples
Go to First Row in the Spreadsheet

The first row in the spreadsheet can be quickly selected.
1. From the View menu, click First Row.
2. The cursor will automatically jump to the first row.
Go to Last Row in the Spreadsheet

The last row in the spreadsheet can be quickly selected.
1. From the View menu, click Last Row.
2. The cursor will automatically jump to the last row.
Go to Analyze Row in the Spreadsheet

The analyze row is the row in the spreadsheet that contains the next
sample to be analyzed. This row can be quickly selected.
1. From the View menu, click Analyze Row.
2. The cursor will automatically jump to the analyze row.
Auto Widths
1. Select the Configuration menu.
2. Click Auto Widths to adjust the size of each cell in the sample
display to fit the text inside the cell.

System Configuration
System configuration permits the operator to set the overall

instrument operating settings and parameter values for a desired
application.
1. From the Configuration menu, click System. The System
Configuration dialog box will appear.
2. Set the system parameters using the default values as a general

guideline. Special settings for certain applications may be entered
at this point. Refer to System Configuration Definitions, on the
next page, for setting and parameter values.
3. After entering all information, click OK.

System Configuration Definitions
Gas Conservation Timeout—The time in minutes, after analysis, when
the instrument automatically switches to the gas conservation mode.
Range: 1 to 600. Default: 15 minutes.
Auto Increment Sample Name—When enabled the sample name is
incremented every time a new sample is logged in. Most samples
except calibration standards and blanks will automatically have a
numbered added to the sample name.
Temperature Display Units—Select the temperature units to display.
Celsius, Fahrenheit or Kelvin.
Deformation Temperature Abbreviation—Select DT or IT for the
deformation temperature.
Cone Measurement Units—The units that the cone image, on the
dashboard, is displayed in. Selections are Pixels, English and Metric.
For an English and Metric display, the height and width must be
calibrated.
Height Calibration—.Sets the calibration factor for the height
measurement. This factor is not editable.
Width Calibration—Sets the calibration factor for the width
measurement.
Calibration Target Height—The height of the camera focus tray
assembly. The supplied camera focus tray assembly is P/N 625-501-
478.
Calibration Target Width—The width of the camera focus tray
assembly. The supplied camera focus tray assembly is 625-501-478.
Furnace Standby Temperature—The furnace temperature setting
during gas conservation. This temperature can be set to the method
temperature or lowered to conserve power when the instrument is not
in use.
Print—Click Print to printout the system configuration settings. These
may be saved for future reference.

Method Configuration
A method is a set of analytical parameters used to control the

instrument during analysis and calculation of the final result. Before
analysis, a method must be created or the default method used.
Create a Method
1. From the Configuration menu, click Method. The Method screen
will appear.
2. Click Add to create a method. A row will be added at the bottom

of the list. Enter a method name.
 You can also click an empty row to add a method name.

Note

1. Click Properties. The General tab will appear.
2. Refer to General Definitions and enter the desired parameter

values.
3. Click the Method Furnace Parameter tab.
4. Click the Add or Insert button to add a step and enter the Start
Temperature, End Temperature, Ramp Rate, Ramp Time and
Atmosphere.
 For reduced atmosphere the initial temperature must be below

Note 750oC.
5. Click the Method Equation Parameters tab.
 The furnace temperature can be set as high as 1550oC although;

Note temperatures above 1500oC will cause additional furnace
maintenance.

6. Enter the desired Equation Text and a Description. Refer to User
Defined Fields for proper equation programming, page 4–63, and
equation definitions, 7–5.
7. Click OK when finished to save the method.
 The Melting Point equation is only used for the melting point of
Note wires.
General Definitions
Method Name—the name of the defined method used for identification.
Description—this can be any text the operator inserts. Description can
be information about the methods intended use or purpose.
Acquisition Temperature—the starting temperature at which image
data is acquired and saved for the analysis.
Acquisition Rate (deg)—the rate per degree that image data is saved
for the analysis result. Example: if set to one second, data is taken
every one second after the Acquisition Temperature is reached.
Acquisition Rate (sec)—the rate per second that image data is saved
prior to saving image data for analysis.
Image Metrics Acquisition—the start temperature for automated height
and width measurements.
 Predefined ash fusibility temperatures (IT, ST, HT, and FT) may
Note be automatically determined, using Image Recognition Functions,
(IRF) when the furnace temperature is set to 700oC or above.
Ash fusibility temperatures below 700oC must be determined
manually.
Temperature Rounding—the temperature amount in degrees that the
displayed temperature, in the spreadsheet and main screen, is
rounded off to. Example: If temperature rounding is set to 10 and the
temperature result is 1002 then the temperature displayed will be
rounded to 1000.

Light Ring Temperature—the temperature at which the light ring is
turned off. This temperature should be set below the Image Metrics
Acquisition temperature when ash fusibility temperatures are
automatically determined.
Lens Filter Temperature—the temperature at which the lens filter is
inserted in front of the camera lens.
Auto End Analysis—if enabled, analysis will end automatically, before
the end temperature set in the method has been reached, when the
temperature reaches the Last Deformation temperature plus the
margin set below. If disabled, analysis will continue until the end
temperature, set in the method, has been reached.
Last Deformation Temperature—the temperature setting that will stop
analysis when the last deformation temperature is reached and Auto
End Analysis has been enabled.
Method Furnace Parameters

Start Temperature—the point at which the temperature ramp starts.
Step 1 will usually start at the standby temperature.
End Temperature—the temperature the furnace is programmed to
reach at the end of the step.
 The furnace temperature can be set as high as 1550oC although;

Note temperatures above 1500oC will cause additional furnace
maintenance.
Ramp Rate—the temperature, in degrees per minute, that the furnace
will increase or ramp at.
Ramp Time—the time, calculated by the instrument, that it will take
the furnace to reach the end temperature. This time is determined by
the ramp rate.
Hold Time—the time, in minutes, that the furnace will maintain start of
ramp temperature.
Total Time—this time is calculated by adding the ramp time and hold
time together.
Atmosphere—Selections are purge (nitrogen), reducing (CO2 and C)
mixture) and oxidizing (air).
 For reduced atmosphere the initial temperature must be below

Note 750oC.
Method Equation Parameters

The dialog box permits the selection of equations to calculate the
deformation times. Default equations, selected equations, or equations
developed by the operator can be used.
 The Melting Point equation is only used for the melting point of
Note wires.

Edit a Method
 Using this procedure you can also edit the method list.
Note
1. From the Configuration menu, click Method. The Method dialog

box will appear.
2. Select the Method to be edited.
3. Click Properties to change the method properties. Refer to Create

a Method, page 4–42.
4. Click OK to save any changes and exit.

Clone a Method
After a method is cloned the name and desired parameters can be
changed to create another method.
1. From the Configuration menu, click Method. The Method dialog
box will appear.
2. Select a method to clone by clicking on the method row.

3. Click Clone to add another method to the method list. The new
method will have the same method parameters as the selected
method.
4. Click the cloned method name. The number “1” will be added to
the new method name.
5. Click OK to exit and save the cloned method.

Export a Method
Export a Method permits the operator or manager to copy a method to
a file. The method can be saved on the system hard drive or
transferred to another media for safe storage. If necessary, the
method can be imported to the same instrument or transferred to
another AF700. Refer to Import a Method, page 4–50.
1. Click the Configuration menu and select Method. The Method
dialog box will appear.
2. Select the method to export by clicking on it. An asterisk will

appear next to the selected method.
3. Click Export. The export method selection screen will appear.

4. Select the folder to store the method in from the Save In list.
5. Enter method name as the File Name. Do not enter an extension.
The software will automatically add the proper file extension
based on the Save As Type (*.MXF).
6. Click Save to export the method to the selected folder.

Import a Method
Import a Method transfers an exported method to an instrument and
adds it to the method list. A method can be imported that was
developed on another AF700.
1. Click the Configuration menu and select Method. The Method
screen will appear.
2. Click Import to import a saved method. The import method file

selection screen will appear.
3. Select the Method File to import.
4. Click Open. The method will be added to the analysis method list
on the method screen.

Delete a Method
 Once a method has been deleted it cannot be restored without
Note manually entering it again.
1. From the Configuration menu, click Method. The Method screen

will appear.
2. Select a method to delete by clicking on the method row.

3. Click Delete to delete the selected method from the method list.
4. Click OK to exit.
Method Dialog Box Navigation

The following features are available in the Methods dialog box to help
organize the methods appropriately.
1. Select Ascending to list the method in ascending alphabetical
order.
2. Select Descending to list the method in descending alphabetical
order.
3. To move a selected method up towards the top of the list select it
and click Promote.
4. To move the selected method down towards the bottom of the list
select it and click Demote.

Define Calibration Standards
Use the following procedure to create a list of calibration standards

and their values. Standards are used for use calibration and drift
correction.
 LECO recommends certified reference materials for calibration.

Note
1. From the Configuration menu, click Calibration and then, Add

Standards. The Standards dialog box will appear.
2. Click Fields to edit the displayed fields or columns on the

Standards screen.
3. Click Add to list a standard. A row will be added to the bottom of
the spreadsheet.
4. Select Ascending or Descending to list the standards in ascending
or descending alphabetical order.
5. To move a selected standard up towards the top of the list, click
Promote or to move it down towards the bottom of the list, click
Demote.
6. Click Print to print a list of the entered standards on the system
printer.
7. To remove a standard select the standard and click Delete.

Standard Definitions
Name—the name of the Calibration Standard used for calibration.
Example: Gold
Check Standard—a standard used to check the calibration of the
instrument.
FT Certified—the standard value usually obtained from the label on
standard container.
Flow Temperature (+/-)—the permitted deviation from the certified
value that will cause the results to appear in red in the spreadsheet.
This value should be entered in degrees.
FT LCL—the flow temperature lower control limit. If the flow
temperature (+/-) is entered this value is calculated. If this limit is
exceeded the results that appear in the spreadsheet will appear in red.
FT UCL—the flow temperature upper control limit. If the flow
temperature (+/-) is entered this value is calculated. If this limit is
exceeded the results that appear in the spreadsheet will appear in red.

Login using a Calibration Standard
NOTE Before a sample can be analyzed as a standard it must be added to
the Standards List. Refer to Define Calibration Standards, page 4–52.
1. From the Samples menu, click Login. The Sample Login dialog
box will appear.
2. Click the arrow, in the sample name selection box, and select a
defined Standard from the list.
3. Enter the information required in the Login Screen. Refer to
Standard Login Definitions, page 4–55, for additional information.
4. Click OK to login the standard.

Standard Login Definitions
Sample Name—The name or type of sample. A standard should be
entered for the sample name. Click arrow to select from the list of
standards.
Furnace—The furnace used during analysis.
Batch—The batch number for the samples being analyzed.
Location—The location of the sample being analyzed.
Method—The method used for analysis. Click the arrow to select from
the list of methods.
Comments—A statement used to explain an operation or procedure.
This is an optional entry.
Description—A statement used to explain or identify a sample. This is
an optional entry.
Operator—The name of the operator. This is an optional entry.
Counts—The sample count in the batch. The maximum is 6 for each
batch number.
Add to End of List—Select to enter the logged in standard in the last
row of the spreadsheet.
Add as Next Sample to Run—Select to enter the logged in standard
after the last sample that was analyzed.
Keep Logging in Samples until Cancel is Pressed—Check this box to log
consecutive standards. The dialog box will reappear after OK is clicked.

Sample Templates
Using Sample Templates is a quick way for the operator to login a

sample and enter a method, comment, and description.
Create a Sample Template

1. An analysis method should be developed before a sample is
logged in. Refer to Create a Method, page 4–42.
2. From the Configuration menu, click Sample Templates. The
Sample Templates screen will be displayed.
3. Click Add to create a method. A row will be added at the bottom

of the list. Enter a method name.
4. To change the name, select the default name by clicking the
name and entering a new name.
5. Click the method cell and enter a method.
6. Click the comments cell and enter any comments.
7. Click the description cell and enter a description.

Delete a Sample Template
1. From the Configuration menu, click Sample Templates. The
Sample Templates dialog box will appear.
2. Select the Sample Template to delete.
3. Click Delete. The Sample Template Delete dialog box will appear.
4. Click Yes to delete the sample template or No to exit without
deleting the sample template.
Edit the Sample Template List

1. Select a Sample Template and click Promote to move a selected
method up towards the top of the list.
2. Select a Sample Template and click Demote to move the selected
method down towards the bottom of the list.
3. Select Ascending to list the sample templates in ascending
alphabetical order.
4. Select Descending to list the sample templates in descending
alphabetical order.
Login using a Sample Template

1. From the Samples menu, click Login. The Sample Login dialog
box will appear.
2. Click the arrow to the right of sample name and select the desired
sample template name from the list. The sample name, method,
comments, and description will automatically be entered into the
spreadsheet.
3. Continue with sample login and enter the other necessary
information.

Sample Filters
Sample filters permit the operator to display sample data based on

predefined criteria. Fields can be selected to display samples with a
certain name or field value. Fields can also be mathematically
compared and displayed according to a requirement.
There are some predefined filters:
All Samples—displays all the sample data in the database.
Today’s Samples—displays all samples run today.
Method filters—a predefined filter will be created for each method.
Apply a Filter to Select Samples

1. From the Configuration menu, click Sample Filters. The Sample
Filters dialog box will appear.
 The filters All Samples and Today’s Samples will always appear.
Note In addition, a filter will appear for each defined method.
2. Select a sample filter and click OK. The dialog box will disappear
and the sample grid will reappear with the filter applied.
3. Click Cancel to exit without applying the filter.

Define a Filter to Apply
Filters Selection dialog box will appear.
2. Click Add to define and add a sample filter to the list. A new filter
with the filter name New Filter will be added to the list.
3. To define the new filter, select New Filter and click Properties. The
Properties Dialog Box will appear.

4. Click the Filter Name to enter and change the filter name. This is
the name that will appear in the Sample Filter Selection dialog
box.
5. Select Show All, Calibration Data, or Sample Data for the Export
Format from the list.
6. Select Show All, Transmit Samples, or Transmit Calibrations for
the Transmit Format from the list.
7. Click the Sample Grid Fields button to display the Fields dialog
box.
A. Use the Show or Hide buttons to display the appropriate

fields for the application.
B. Use the Promote and Demote button to arrange the Visible
Fields as desired.
C. If desired, use the Default button to return the sample grid
to the factory set fields displayed.
D. Click OK to save the changes and close the dialog box.
8. Click the cell under Field and enter a sample field to select on. As
examples, you can select on sample name or method. An arrow
will appear. Select the desired field from the list.
9. Click the cell under With to select the specific value for the field
listed in the Field column. As an example, if the Field column has
Name selected, the With value can be a specific sample name.
Equal will automatically appear in the Compare field.

10. Click the compare cell and enter the desired operator. Operators
are; equal, greater than, greater than or equal, less than, or less
than equal. Samples whose corresponding Field has a value that
meets the Comparator and With values will be selected and
displayed in the sample grid.
11. For multiple criteria select And/Or in the first column.
12. Select a filter and click Delete to delete the filter.
Automatically Reapply the Sample Filter

Automatically Reapply Sample Filter is used to reapply a defined
sample filter at a predetermined time and frequency.
 If you create a filter that displays samples from the previous 30

Note days, it will show samples from the last 30 days when it’s first
applied. If it’s not reapplied, samples that originally matched the
filter plus all the new samples will be added to the spreadsheet.
To prevent this from happening, automatically reapply the filter
every day, preferably at a time when the instrument isn’t being
used.

Filters dialog box will appear.
2. Select the filter to automatically apply and click Properties. The
Properties Dialog Box will appear.
3. Check Automatically Reapply Sample Filters.
4. Enter the time, date and update frequency.

Hardware Calibration
Hardware calibration function allows users to recalibrate the System

Flow and the Incoming Pressure.
1. From the Configuration menu select Hardware Calibration.

2. Click System Flow or Incoming Pressure.
3. Click Next.
4. The calibration procedure will be performed automatically.
Backup/Restore
Backup and Restore allows user to backup an existing calibration to a
file, or restore an old calibration from an existing file.
1. From the Configuration menu choose Backup/Restore.

2. Select Backup to save the existing calibration to a file.
3. The software will allow the user to browse for a location in which
to save the file.
4. Select Restore to place a stored calibration back onto the AF700.
5. The software will allow the user to browse for the location where
the existing calibration file is stored.

User Defined Fields
The User Defined Fields command allows customized fields to be added

to the spreadsheet. User defined fields can display results from
functions or they can display customized text such as notes or
comments.
1. From the Configuration menu, click User Defined Fields.
2. Create or modify a user field as follows: To create a user field,

click Add. A new row will be inserted into the table; Or, to modify
a user field, select the desired user field in the table.
To delete a user field from the table, select the row of the desired
user field and click delete.
3. For a new user field, type a name in the Name column.
4. Complete the table for the new or modified user field as follows:
Select the Read Only check box to prevent the user field from
being edited in the spreadsheet.
Select the Numeric check box and only numeric values can
appear in the spreadsheet.
For Format, enter a format to determine how the result of the
user field displays in the spreadsheet. Refer to Number
Formatting, page 4–65.
For Formula, enter a formula to use if the field will be used for a
calculation. Refer to Formulas, page 4–66.
Select the Login check box and the field will appear in the
Sample dialog box. Refer to Login a Sample, page 5–7.

Select the Stats check box and statistics will be available in the
Dashboard Properties dialog box as a value you can add when
you select Show Value and then Add. Once selected as a Show
Value, it is displayed on the dashboard. Refer to Configure
Dashboard, page 4–24. When selected, both Read Only and
Numeric are automatically selected.
Select the Standard check box and the user field can be used
with standards, which means the standard can define its value
and range and can be calibrated.
5. After creating a new user field, a column labeled with the name of
the new user field will display in the spreadsheet.
6. To apply a user field to a previously analyzed sample, select the
sample in the spreadsheet and select Recalculate from the
Samples menu.

Number Formatting
Use the Format column in the User Defined Fields dialog box to enter a
number format. This format determines how the result of the user
defined field appears in the spreadsheet. The following section
provides examples of formats and how the result will display
depending on which format is utilized.
Format Examples
*Format
Number Format for Result Result
Type
A 4.50360 A 4.50360000
0.123456 F4.5 0.1235
0.000789 F3.5 0.00079
Fn.m
0.000789 F3.2 0.00
321.8765 F3.5 322
0.123456 S4.5 1.235E-1
0.000789 S3.5 7.9E-4
Sn.m
0.000789 S3.2 0.0E-1
321.8765 S3.5 3.22E+2
0.123456 E4.5 123.5E-3
0.000789 E3.5 790E-6
En.m
0.000789 E3.2 000E-3
321.8765 E3.5 322E+0
I 321.8765 I 322
* A = Default format
F = Fixed point format: A format in which the decimal point is located at a single
unchanging position in a predetermined number of digits.
S = Scientific notation: An exponential format (y.yyy x 10e) in which any number is
expressed as a number between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10 that indicates
the correct position of the decimal in the original number.
E = Engineering format: An exponential format that displays the exponent in powers
of 3.
I = Integer
n = Total number of significant digits to be represented
m = Maximum number of digits after the decimal to define readability

Formulas
Formulas can be entered into the Formula column of the User Fields
dialog box and are used to calculate the result. The following section
provides some example formulas and the result based on their
calculation. Spacing and other details of the formula must be exact.
If an error message such as "badOpt" or "badOpn" appears in the
spreadsheet, verify the syntax of the formula matches the syntax of an
example formula in the table below.
Formula Type1 Example Formula Result
[exp] * value [DT] x 6 Result multiplied by 6 units
@ABS([Initial Height]-[DT
@ABS(exp) Absolute value
Height])
@Log10([Furnace
@Log10(exp) Log base 10
Temperature])
@Ln([Furnace
@Ln(exp) Natural log
Temperature])
@SQRT(exp) @SQRT([DT]) Square root
@Maximum([Initial
@Maximum(exp1,exp2) Finds Maximum
Height],[DT Height])
@Minimum([Initial
@Minimum(exp1,exp2) Finds Minimum
Height],[DT Height])
If the Initial Height value is
@IF([Initial
>3, the Initial Height value
@IF(cond,true,false) Height]>3,[Initial
will appear; otherwise, zero
Height],0)
will appear.
@IF(@AND([DT If DT Height is >3 and DT
@AND(cond1,cond2) Height]>3,[DT Width is >3, 3 will appear;
Width]>3),3,0) otherwise, zero will appear.
@IF(@OR([DT If either DT Height or DT
@OR(cond1,cond2) Height]>3,[DT Width is > 3, 3 will appear;
Width]>3),3,0) otherwise, zero will appear.
If just DT Height is >3 or
@IF(@XOR([DT
just DT Width is > 3 (not
@XOR(cond1,cond2) Height]>3,[DT
both), 3 will appear;
Width]>3,3,0)
otherwise, zero will appear.
1
The term “exp” stands for expression. Use exp in a formula to specify
a value or perform a calculation on values. It may represent a single
number or a formula that returns a number.
The term “cond” stands for condition. Use cond for comparisons based
on single or multiple conditions. It is used with a comparison such as
<, >, =, or with the @AND, @OR, and @XOR formulas.
Refer to Comparison Functions, page 4–67, for further information.

Comparison Functions
The following table explains the comparisons that can be used in a
formula.
Function Definition
+ Plus
- Minus
* Multiply
/ Divide
^ Raise to the power
= Equal
> Greater than
>= Greater than or equal to
< Less than
<= Less than or equal to

Database Management
LECO software applications use a database to store and maintain all

the information necessary to run the instrument, including methods,
standards, system parameters and sample results. A File System
database is created automatically the first time the software is started
and the database connection is saved so the next time the software is
started, it will open the same database.
LECO provides two tools for creating and maintaining the instrument
database and database connections. The application software has a
Database menu with options for setting a presentation time, for
viewing history, for creating an archive Log and for checking the size
of the database. Refer to Database Menu, page 4–26. The second tool
is a front-end Database Management wizard that allows the user to
add database connections, delete database connections,
compact/repair a database and, ultimately, to select a database
connection for use. The user can add a connection to a new database,
to an existing database, or to a log archive database. When the user
adds a connection, the connection name is added to the list of
available database connections.
Database Log Archive

Over time the instrument database can accumulate a great deal of
information. It is recommended that the user establish a regular
database backup procedure. The application software provides the
Archive Log option on the Database menu for this purpose. The user
enters a name for the archive log file, a stop date and has the option
to delete the specified database entries once the database archive
procedure has completed. At a later date, the user can use the
Database Management wizard to create a database connection to the
archive log file and view the information in a read-only fashion (i.e.,
the user cannot operate the instrument or analyze samples). To
create a database log archive, refer to Database Menu Functions,
page 4–69.

Database Menu Functions
Presentation Time
This feature is only available if logging was enabled when the database
was created. It is used to view the database as it existed at some
previous point in time. For example, it could be used to view results
before a change in calibration was performed. When the presentation
time is set, changes are not allowed to the database, so samples
cannot be added and changes cannot be made to methods, etc.
NOTE After the Presentation Time and date are selected, the results from
that date will appear in the sample grid.
1. Click the Database menu and select Presentation Time. The

Presentation Time screen will appear.
2. Uncheck the Live checkbox in order to activate the Date and Time
dialog boxes.
3. Click the down-arrow to the right of the date to display the
calendar.
4. From the calendar, select the date of the results to display. Then,
if desired, select the time and click OK. The results from the
selected date will appear in the spreadsheet.
View History
was created. View History displays a log of database changes that
could be used to identify the time/date when some particular change
took place. Since there is no description of what each change
represents, it can only be used to identify who made a change.
1. Click the Database menu and select View History. The View Log
screen will appear.
2. The following log items are shown:
Date/Time-The date and time that the database change occurred.
Entry ID-A unique identifying number for the database object that
was changed. For example, each sample would have a unique
number.
Action-The type of action that occurred; created, modified, or
deleted.
User-The logged in user who performed the action.
Time-The Local and UT checkboxes are used to display the
appropriate time zones.

Archive Log
was created. Archive Log is used for copying log entries to another file
or reducing the amount of data stored in the database by offloading
old log entries.
1. Click the Database menu and select Archive Log. The Archive Log
screen will display.
2. Click the arrow and select the Stop Date or cutoff date for log
entries that are placed into the file. Any log entries generated on
or before this date will be placed into the output file.
3. Uncheck or Check Delete Entries on Completion according to your
preference. When this checkbox is checked, entries are deleted
from the database after they are copied to the output file. This
checkbox should be checked in order to reduce the amount of
data stored in database files. Note that the file size on disk may
not change as a result of this, but space will be made available
inside the file for more data to be stored.
Removing Results From The Database

When logging is enabled, the amount of data stored in the database
can become significantly large and it may become necessary to
remove results from the database. Since the database keeps track of
all changes, deleting results will only increase the size of the database.
To avoid this, use the following procedure to archive and remove
results from the database.
1. From the Database Menu, create an Archive Log File with the
Delete Entries on Completion checkbox checked.
Disable Logging on an Existing Database

Use the following instructions to disable logging on a database in which
logging is enabled.
1. Exit the AF700 application.
2. Access the Database Start dialog box by following the instructions
in Database Management Start Dialog Box, page 4–71.
3. In the Database Start dialog box, select the existing database
connection in which you prefer to disable logging. Remember the
name of the database and the base file location because you will
need this information in order to reconnect to the database in
step 7 below.
4. Select Delete, and follow the instructions provided by the
software. Refer to Delete a Database Connection, page 4–75, for
further information. The Delete operation will not delete the
actual database; it will only remove the database connection
name from the list.
5. Return to the Database Start dialog box.

6. In the Start dialog box, select Add, and then select Next.
7. Under Database Types, highlight Database-Use Existing, and click
Next.
8. Complete the Connect Database dialog box as follows:
A. For the Connection Name, enter the same name as the
database that was just deleted.
B. Enter the Path to the database files.
C. Verify that the checkbox next to Log Activity is blank, and
click Next.
9. Restart the AF700 application.
Database Management Start Dialog Box

Use the following instructions to access the Start dialog box in order to
add a new database connection, select an existing connection,
compact/repair a database, or delete a database connection.
1. Select the Database menu and click Exit to exit the AF700
application program and display the Windows desktop.
2. Click Start, click Programs, click LECO, and then click AF700.
3. From the AF700 menu, select Database Management.
4. After selecting Database Management, the Start dialog box will
appear. The file path for the selected database is indicated at the
bottom of the Start dialog box. Database connections that are no
longer valid appear with grayed text in the Connections list. When
the user selects a grayed connection, the software allows the user
to Delete the database Connection or Repair the invalid path to
the database.
5. At the Start dialog box, choose to add a new database connection
or choose to connect to an existing database connection.
6. Click Add to add a database connection. Refer to page 4–72.
7. Select an existing database from Connections and then click:
Select-connects to a database that already exists. Refer to Select
a Database Connection, page 4–73.
Validate-checks the database for problems. LECO recommends
that Yes is selected, when prompted to delete corrupted,
obsolete, or orphaned objects. If addition problems are reported,
contact LECO for further instructions.
Compact/Repair-compacts an existing database to conserve disk
space and repair a possibly corrupted database. Refer to
Compact/Repair a Database, page 4–74.
Delete-removes a database connection. Refer to Delete a
Database Connection, page 4–75.

Add a Database Connection
1. When the Start dialog box displays, click Add, and then click
Next.
2. In the Add dialog box, select the type of database connection that
is to be added, and then click Next. To create a Database Log
Archive, refer to Add a Connection to a Log Archive Database,
page 4–72. For File System Database – Create New, refer to Add
a Connection to a New Database, page 4–72. For File System
Database – Use Existing, Add a Connection to an Existing
Database, page 4–73.
Add a Connection to a Log Archive Database

1. Follow steps in Database Management Start Dialog Box, page
4–71.
2. Complete the Connect Log Archive dialog box.
3. Connection Name—The name assigned to the database
connection and the name that will appear in the Start dialog.
4. File Name—Displays the log archive file that stores the database.
The log archive file should have a .GLA file extension.
5. Click Next. The Start dialog box will display.
6. Click Select, and then click Finish.
Add a Connection to a New Database

This database type uses files and folders as its storage media. The size
of the database is only limited to the free space on the hard drive. To
prevent the database from running slow, it is recommended that virus
checking of the database directory be turned off. It is also
recommended to use NTFS as the hard drive file format.
1. Follow the steps in Database Management Start Dialog Box, page
4–71.
2. Complete the Create File System Database dialog box. To keep a
log of all activity, place a checkmark in the checkbox next to Log
Activity. To disable logging, remove the checkmark, if present,
from the checkbox. When the checkbox next to Log Activity is
blank, activity will not be logged.
3. Connection Name-The name assigned to the database connection
and the name that will appear in the Start dialog.
4. Directory Name-The directory name for the data. The operator
can use the Browse button to navigate in a common file screen
for selecting the name.
5. Log Activity-When enabled, database activity will be tracked.
Logging can be disabled to save disk space, but then a record of
database activity will not be available. When logging is disabled,
log functions are not available.
6. Click Next and the Start dialog box will display.

7. Select is automatically checked. Click Finish to access the newly
created database.
Add a Connection to an Existing Database

This option permits the operator to use an existing File System
directory. This would be very important in a case where the operator
had been using a File System directory, backing it up, and then
experienced a system crash, requiring a software re-install. The
operator could then relink to the existing directory with this connection
type.
1. Follow steps in Database Management Start Dialog Box, page
4–71.
2. When the Connect File System Database displays, enter the
information for the desired database.
Connection Name-The name assigned to the database connection
and the name that will appear in the Start dialog.
Directory Name-The directory name for the data. The operator
can use the Browse button to navigate in a common file screen
for selecting the name.
Read Only-When enabled, the database information can be
viewed but not changed.
Log Activity-When enabled, database activity will be tracked.
Logging can be disabled to save disk space, but then a record of
database activity will not be available. When logging is disabled,
log functions are not available. Refer to Database Menu
Functions, page 4–69.
Select a Database Connection

1. Follow the steps in Database Management Start Dialog Box,
page 4–71.
2. Highlight the desired database connection and click Select.
3. Click Finish to load and use the selected database.

Compact/Repair a Database
NOTE The database size, speed of computer, and hard drive determine how
quickly the database is compressed or repaired.
1. Follow the steps in Database Management Start Dialog Box,

page 4–71.
2. Highlight the database to compact/repair, and click
Compact/Repair.
3. Click Next and the following message will display.
4. Click Next to compact/repair the database.

Delete a Database Connection
NOTE Delete does not remove physical files from the hard drive. Use File
Manager to remove the physical files.
1. Follow the steps in Database Management Start Dialog Box, page
4–71.
2. Highlight the database connection to delete and click Delete.
3. Click Next, and the following dialog box will display.
4. Click Next to remove the database connection.


5 Operation
Calibration ..................................................................................5–3
Standard Calibration ................................................................5–3
Create New Standard Calibration ..........................................5–3
Add Standards ...................................................................5–4
View Calibration .................................................................5–5
Edit Calibration ..................................................................5–5
Loading Samples ..........................................................................5–6
Login Samples .............................................................................5–7
Sample Login Definitions ..........................................................5–8
Analyze Samples ..........................................................................5–9
Abort an Analysis ....................................................................5–9
Pause/Delay Analysis ............................................................. 5–10
Remove a Programmed Pause or Delay .................................... 5–10
Print Analysis Results.................................................................. 5–11
Define Report Settings ........................................................... 5–11
Report Configuration ......................................................... 5–11
Fields Configuration .......................................................... 5–12
Font Configuration ............................................................ 5–13
Element Configuration....................................................... 5–13
Print Preview ........................................................................ 5–14
Recalculate Results................................................................ 5–15
Sample Editing Functions ............................................................ 5–16
Insert a Sample .................................................................... 5–16
Insert a Sample from the Login Screen..................................... 5–16
Fill Cells with the Same Data................................................... 5–17
Cut...................................................................................... 5–18
Copy ................................................................................... 5–18
Paste ................................................................................... 5–18
Operation AF700 5–1

Delete a Sample.................................................................... 5–18
Sample Signature....................................................................... 5–19
View Signatures ............................................................... 5–20
Export Data............................................................................... 5–21
Export Configuration .............................................................. 5–21
Filename ......................................................................... 5–21
Fields.............................................................................. 5–23
Delimiters ....................................................................... 5–24
Automation ..................................................................... 5–25
Advanced ........................................................................ 5–26
Preview........................................................................... 5–27
Text Import Data ....................................................................... 5–28
Transmit Data............................................................................ 5–30
Transmit Format Configuration ................................................ 5–30
Fields.............................................................................. 5–31
Delimiters ....................................................................... 5–32
Automation ..................................................................... 5–33
Communication Settings.................................................... 5–34
Advanced ........................................................................ 5–36
Preview........................................................................... 5–39
Transmit Selected Samples.......................................................... 5–40
Data Backup.............................................................................. 5–41
Transfer Export ..................................................................... 5–41
Transfer Import .................................................................... 5–42
5–2 AF700 Operation

Calibration
Calibration is the process that adjusts the instrument to produce the

correct result when a calibration standard is analyzed. A calibration
standard has a known or certified value.
 If two instruments are being used, both instruments must be

Notes calibrated.
 Calibration is not stored in the method.
Standard Calibration
Standard Calibration is a process that adjusts the measured
temperature to that of known temperature standards (e.g. gold or
nickel wire). The application software permits two different types of
calibration: Single Standard or multipoint calibration. A single point
calibration can be performed using the curve type (single standard
sample); however, LECO recommends multipoint calibrations.
Calibrations are instrument specific not method calibrations.
Create New Standard Calibration

Creating a new calibration can be used to calibrate standards that
have not yet been calibrated or to overwrite an existing calibration on
a sample.
1. Login and perform a standard analyses.
2. Select the results of the standard analyses from the spreadsheet.
3. Click Configuration and select Calibrations.
4. From the sub-menu, click New Calibrations. The Calibration
screen will appear.

5. Enter the following calibration parameters.
A. In the Cell edit box, select detector to calibrate by clicking
the arrow.
B. In the Curve Type edit box, select the curve type by clicking
the arrow. The calibration curve should go through or come
very close to each calibration result. If not, select another
curve type.
C. For the existing calibration, click in the checkbox next to
Show to display the formula and date for the existing
calibration. The existing calibration will display in blue on the
plot.
D. For the new calibration, optionally, you can click in the
checkbox next to manual to enter the new calibration
manually. Otherwise, it is entered automatically. The RMS
error will display. The RMS error is used to determine which
calibration curve has a better fit. A lower RMS error has a
better fit.
6. Click Print to print a copy of the calculated calibration.
7. Click OK to exit the calibration procedure and save the
calibration.
Add Standards
Add standards permits the operator to add analyzed standards to the
list of standards used for calibration.
For the AF700, the typical standard is gold with a temperature of
1063C (1945F) and nickel wire 1452C (2645F)
1. Select the analyzed standard samples from the spreadsheet to be
added to the list of standards used for calibration. The FT
transition temperatures are used for this calibration.
3. From the menu, click Add Standards.
4. The highlighted Analyzed Standards will be added to the list of
samples used for calibration.

View Calibration
View Calibration permits the operator to view the current calibration.
The calibration cannot be changed from this screen.
2. From the menu, click View Calibration.
3. The Calibration screen will appear. The view calibration screen will
be the same as the new calibration screen except the selections
that would change the calibration will not be available.
Edit Calibration
Permits the operator to view and edit the current calibration.

Loading Samples
Use the insolated tongs and sample tray, provided in the component
pack, to load the samples into the furnace.
1. Prepare the samples as described in Sample preparation,
page 4–5.
2. When the furnace has reached its start temperature, open the
furnace door and load the samples into the center of the furnace
using the insolated tongs.
3. Close the furnace door.

Login Samples
1. From the Samples menu, click Login. The Login dialog box is
displayed.
2. Login all samples entering the cone positions for each. Samples
cannot be logged in once the analysis starts. Refer to Sample
Login Definitions on the next page for more information.

Sample Login Definitions
Sample Name—The name or type of sample. Click arrow to select from
the list of samples.
Furnace—The furnace used during analysis.
Batch—The batch number for the samples being analyzed.
Location—The location of the sample being analyzed.
Method—The method used for analysis. Click the arrow to select from
the list of methods.
Comments—A statement used to explain an operation or procedure.
Description—A statement used to explain or identify a sample. This is
an optional entry.
Operator—The name of the operator. This is an optional entry.
Counts—The sample count in the batch. The maximum is 6 for each
batch number.
Add to End of List—Check to enter the logged in sample in the last row
of the spreadsheet.
Add as Next Sample to Run—Click to enter the logged in sample after
the last sample that was analyzed.
Keep Logging in Samples until Cancel is Pressed—Check this box to log
consecutive samples. The dialog box will reappear after OK is clicked.

Analyze Samples
1. After the samples are loaded, page 5–6 and logged in, page 5–7.
Click the F5 Analyze button or press F5 to start the analysis. As
the cones are analyzed, the window at the bottom of the screen
updates to show the different cone positions.
2. At any time, you can click the Stop button to abort the analysis.
Do NOT open the furnace door while the analysis is running.
3. After analysis, results will be shown in the spreadsheet and plot
window.
4. From the plot window, use:
 Goto to locate and view the cone at the deformation
temperature.
 Set to manually set deformation temperature of the cone
and override Auto Find.
 Find searches until the ratio of height to width of the cone
becomes 1 (or slightly below) and displays it at that
temperature.
 Temp Slider to review what the cones looked like at each
temperature.
 Play Button to go through the entire melting process. The
play button flips to a reverse button to go through the
melting process in reverse.
5. In the spreadsheet or plot, you can right-click to display the
Short-cut menu for quick access to some of the most commonly
used commands.
Abort an Analysis
An analysis in progress can be aborted. If the analysis is aborted,
"Aborted" will appear under analysis date.
1. From the Samples menu, click Abort, press F6 or click the F6
Abort button. The analysis in progress will be aborted.

Pause/Delay Analysis
Delayed Analysis permits the operator to start an analysis at a later
date and time.
1. Determine where in the sample list to pause or delay analysis and
select the sample.
2. From the Samples menu, click Pause or press F7. The
Pause/Delay Start dialog box will appear.
3. In the highlighted field, enter the date and time to start the
delayed analysis. The format for entering the date and time is
[4/7/2006 (MM/DD/YY) 4:30:00 PM]. To select the time from the
list, click the arrow. If pausing for operator intervention, select
Manually from the list.
4. Click OK to start the delayed analysis. A clock symbol will appear
in the spreadsheet next to the sample that will be analyzed at the
programmed delayed start time. If Manually was selected, a red
octagon will appear in the spreadsheet and the analysis will begin
only when the operator clicks analyze.
Remove a Programmed Pause or Delay

1. In the spreadsheet, click the pause symbol to highlight the row.
2. From the Samples menu, click Pause. The Pause dialog box will
appear.
3. In the Pause dialog box, click Clear. The programmed pause or
delay will be removed and the symbol will disappear.

Print Analysis Results
Define Report Settings

Before analysis results are printed, the printed format should be
configured. Define Report Settings configures the printed results.
Report Configuration
1. From the Samples menu, click Print. The Report Settings dialog
box will appear.
2. Click the Report Format arrow and select the type of report.
Selections are: Tabular, Report with Plots or Group Report.
3. Click the Statistics arrow to select which report to print statistics
with. Selections are: None, Reports with Plots, or Tabular Report.
4. If desired, enter a Heading Text to title the report.

5. Check Define Report Fields to display the fields tab and select the
fields to print. If not selected the grid will print.
6. Check Line Printing to print the data continuously on a sheet of
paper, without a header, rather than on individual sheets with a
header at top of each page. This can be used to conserve paper.
7. Check Automatically print after each analysis to print a single
analysis result after each analysis.
8. Check OK to save the setting changes and print the selected
results.
Fields Configuration
1. In the Report Setting dialog box, click the Fields tab to select the
fields to display in the report. The Report Fields screen will
appear.
2. To show an invisible field, select the field to display and click

Show.
3. To hide a visible field, select the field to hide and click Hide.
4. To move a selected field up towards the top of the list, click
Promote.
5. To move the selected field down towards the bottom of the list,
click Demote.
6. Click OK to save the changes and exit.

Font Configuration
1. In the Report Setting dialog box, click the Font tab to select the
fonts to display in the report. The Report Fonts screen will
appear.
2. Select the desired Font type.

3. Select the desired Style.
4. Select the font Size.
Element Configuration
1. In the Report Setting dialog box, click the Display tab to select
the plot to display in the report. The Report Display screen will
appear.

2. To show an invisible plot, select the plot to display and click
Show.
3. To hide a visible plot, select the plot to hide and click Hide.
4. Click the Reporting Units arrow and select the desired reporting
units that will appear in the plot.
5. Click the Plot Pattern arrow and select the desired style of plot
pattern that will appear in the plot.
6. Click Plot Color and select the desired plot color.
7. Enter the desired number of Significant Digits in the significant
digits edit box. Up to seven significant digits can be entered.
Print Preview
Before analysis results are printed, the printed format should be
configured. Refer to Define Report Settings, page 5–11.
1. From the Samples menu, click Print Preview. The Report Settings
screen will appear.

2. If desired, configure the printed report. Refer to Define Report
Settings, page 5–11.
3. Click OK to display the Print Preview screen.
4. If desired, click Print to print the report or Close to cancel
printing.
Recalculate Results
1. Select the samples in the spreadsheet to recalculate.
2. From the Samples menu, click Recalculate. The selected samples
will be recalculated using the new calibration or blank.
A. If Results is chosen, the selected samples will be
recalculated using the existing deformation temperature
results for the new calibration.
B. If Deformation is chosen, the deformation temperatures for
the selected samples will be recalculated from the cone
metrics and the new calibration.
C. If metrics is chosen, the cone metrics and deformation
temperatures for the selected samples will be recalculated
using the raw image data and the new calibration.

Sample Editing Functions
Insert a Sample
If a sample is going to be added to the last row of the spreadsheet,
sample login should be used. If a sample should be inserted out of
sequence, between unanalyzed samples, Insert a Sample can be used.
NOTE An analysis method should be developed before a sample is logged
in. Refer to Create a Method, page 4–42.
1. Click and select a row in the spreadsheet after the last analyzed
sample. Insert will insert a row before the selected row.
2. From the Edit menu, click Insert. A row will be inserted into the
spreadsheet before the selected row.
Insert a Sample from the Login Screen

1. Click and select the row in the spreadsheet after the last analyzed
sample.
2. Click Login or press F3.
3. Select where you want the sample to be inserted by clicking on
the selections at the bottom of the Login screen.
A. Add to the end of the list.
B. Add as the next sample to run.
C. Add before row.
D. Add after row.

Fill Cells with the Same Data
A group of cells in the spreadsheet can be quickly filled with the same
data. As an example, the method could be changed in a group of
logged in unanalyzed samples.
1. Click and drag the mouse pointer to select the cells to fill with the
same data.
2. From the Edit menu, click Fill. The Fill screen will appear.
3. If the first selected cell has data, it will automatically be entered.

If not, enter the data to fill into each selected cell.
4. Click OK.

Cut
Cut is used to remove a sample from the spreadsheet and copy it to
the Windows® Clipboard. From there it can be pasted into another
location in the spreadsheet.
1. Select a sample by clicking on a row in the spreadsheet. The row
should be highlighted.
2. Select the Edit menu and click Cut. The sample will be removed
and cut to the clipboard.
Copy
Copy is used to copy a sample from the spreadsheet and copy it to the
Windows® Clipboard. From there it can be Pasted into another location
in the spreadsheet.
1. Select a sample by clicking on a row in the spreadsheet. The row
should be highlighted.
2. Select the Edit menu and click Copy. The sample will be copied to
the clipboard.
Paste
Paste is used to copy a sample that was cut or copied to the Windows®
Clipboard and insert it into the spreadsheet.
1. Select a sample location in the spreadsheet by clicking on a row.
The row should be highlighted.
2. Select the Edit menu and click Paste. The sample will be copied to
the spreadsheet.
Delete a Sample
Use Delete a Sample to remove a sample row from the spreadsheet.
1. Select a row in the spreadsheet to delete. If more than one row
should be deleted, click and drag the mouse pointer down the
desired number of rows to delete. More than one row will be
selected.
2. From the Samples menu, click Delete.
3. Click Yes to delete the row or rows of sample information. The
selected sample information will be deleted from the spreadsheet.
It is not possible to restore this data once it’s deleted.
NOTE If a database is created with log activity enabled, a deleted sample
can be viewed by setting the Presentation Time to a time prior to the
deletion.

Sample Signature
A signature confirms that a user has accepted the sample information

displayed in the spreadsheet. Any change to the sample information
after it is signed will clear the signature. The signature can be used to
ensure that the validity of the sample information has remained the
same since it was signed.
NOTE To view a sample signature, after it has been signed, refer to View
Signature, page 5–20.
1. Click on a row, in the spreadsheet, to select a sample to sign.
2. Click the Samples menu and select Sign. The Sign screen will
appear.
A. A name will appear in the Name Entry box. It will be the

name of the logged-on Windows® user. If desired the name
can be changed. It’s suggested that the current operators
name be used.
B. If desired, a description can be entered in the Description
Entry box. This can be additional information about the
sample or an event that took place. Any text can be entered.
C. To display the time in local 12-hour time, click the Local
button. To display the time in Universal Coordinated Time,
click the UT button.
D. Click OK to enter the signature.
NOTE The system name, user name, date, and time are obtained from the
Windows® operating system. They cannot be changed from this
screen.

View Signatures
View Signatures permits the operator or laboratory manager to view a
sample signature and determine if it is valid. A sample must be signed
before the signature can be viewed. Refer to Sample Signature,
page 5–16.
If information associated with the sample was changed after it was
signed, the signature will be cleared and the view signatures screen
will not appear in step 2.
1. Click on a row to select a sample from the spreadsheet to view.
2. Click the Samples menu and select View Signatures. The View
Signatures screen will appear.
3. Click OK when finished viewing the signature information.

Export Data
Before sample data can be exported, an export format must be

configured using the following instructions. Multiple export formats can
be configured.
Export Configuration
Filename
1. Select the Configuration menu and click Text Export Formats. The
Export Formats dialog box will appear.
2. Enter a name for the text export format in the Name field.
3. Click Properties to configure the text export format. The Filename
dialog box will appear.

4. Enter a filename for the exported file or click browse and select a
location and file name.
5. Click Append to File, Automatically increment Filename or Prompt
for Filename as desired.
6. Click Append to File to attach the highlighted sample analysis
data to the previously saved file.
7. Click Automatically Increment Filename if the filename contains
numbers and you want to automatically increment by one when
the file is saved.
8. Click Prompt for Filename to display the export filename screen
when exporting a file, prompting the operator to enter a filename.

Fields
1. Click the Fields tab. The Fields Format Screen will appear. Select
the desired fields to export in the file.
2. To Add a field, select the field and click Add.

3. To Remove a field, select the field and click Remove.
Promote.
click Demote.
6. Select the appropriate Average option. The options are Off, On, or
Group by Sample Name Prefix.

Delimiters
1. Click the Delimiters tab. The Delimiters Format Screen will
appear. Select the desired delimiters to export in the file.
2. Click XML to export the text data in XML format. If XML is

selected no other parameters in the screen can be configured.
3. Click Column Header to transmit the column header.
4. Select or enter the Field, Start of Transmission, and End of Line
delimiters.

Automation
1. Click the Automation tab. The Automation Format Screen will
appear.
2. Select Automatically export each new analysis to automatically

export the analysis data after every analysis.

Advanced
1. Click the Advanced tab. The Advanced tab shows the fields and
their order with the delimiters selected on the previous tabs, but
is not limited to these selections. This tab provides an additional
resource for setting up the export format properties by allowing
fields, delimiters, and any additional text to be added, edited, or
deleted directly in the format.
2. Position the cursor in the Export Format and click the mouse to
place the cursor at the point in the format to edit a field. If
additional fields are desired, refer to User Defined Fields for
information on creating them, page 4–63.
3. Select a Field from the Fields box and click Add Field to Export
Format to add a field.
4. Highlight a Field in the Export Format and then press Delete on
the keyboard to delete it.

Preview
1. Click the Preview tab. The Preview Export Format Screen will
appear and display how selected samples would be exported with
the current settings.
NOTE This is a status screen to view the export data format. The export
format cannot be changed from this screen.
2. Click OK to save the export format.

Text Import Data
Text Import Data permits the operator to import sample data from
another application such as an Excel® spreadsheet.
The text import data, must be a text file. Each line can have the
following fields (must be in order): Sample Name,Sample Mass,Sample
Description,Sample Comment,Sample Operator. The fields must be
delimited by tabs or commas and each sample's data must be on a
separate line.
The line may have just the Sample Name (example: Sample5) or just
the Sample Name and Sample Mass (example: Sample6,0.95) and
skip the remainder of the line. To skip over fields (for instance, Sample
Name, Sample Mass, and Sample Operator and skip the Sample
Description and Sample Comment), you will need to put all the
delimiters in as placeholders to indicate which fields should be filled in
(example: Sample7,0.52,,,Joe Smith). The commas indicate that Joe
Smith goes in the Operator field.
A sample import text file could be:
Example 1
Sample5
Sample6,0.50
Sample7,0.52,,,Joe Smith
Sample 8,0.49,description,comment,Joe Smith
Example 2
Sample19,0.45
Sample20,0.46
Sample21,0.43

1. Click the Sample menu and select Text Import Data. The Import
File selection screen will appear.
2. Select the file to import.

3. Click Open to import the file.

Transmit Data
Before sample data can be transmitted to a peripheral device, a

transmit format must be configured using the following instructions.
Multiple transmit formats can be configured.
Transmit Format Configuration

1. Click the Configuration menu and select Transmission Formats.
The Transmission Formats screen will appear.
2. Enter a name for the transmission format.

Fields
1. Click Properties to configure the transmission format. The
Transmission Format Properties screen will appear with the Fields
tab selected.
2. To add a transmit field, select the field and click Add.

3. To remove a transmit field, select the field and click Remove.
Promote.
click Demote.
6. Select the Average option desired. Options are Off, On, and
Group by Sample Name Prefix.

Delimiters
1. Click the Delimiters tab. The Delimiters Format Screen will
appear. Select the desired delimiters to export in the file.
2. Click XML to export the text data in XML format. If XML is

selected no other parameters in the screen can be configured.
3. Click Column Header to transmit the column header.
4. Select or enter the Field, Start of Transmission, and End of Line
delimiters.

Automation
1. Click the Automation tab. The Automation Format Screen will
appear.
2. Select Automatically export each new analysis to automatically

export the analysis data after every analysis.

Communication Settings
1. Click the Communications Settings tab. The Communications
Settings Configuration screen will appear.
2. Click the button and select either Unicode or ASCII encoding.

3. Click the button and select Serial Port or Network.

4. Click Configure to configure serial or network communications.
5. If serial port was selected the Serial Port Configuration screen will
appear. Select the Port, Baud Rate, Data Bits, Parity, Stop Bits
and Flow Control.
If network was selected, the Host Information screen will appear.

Enter the Host Name and Host Port. Contact your Network
Administrator for the Host Name and Host Port for your site's
network.
6. Click OK to save the changes.

Advanced
1. Click the Advanced tab. The Advanced tab shows the fields and
their order with the delimiters selected on the previous tabs, but
is not limited to these selections. This tab provides an additional
resource for setting up the transmit format properties by allowing
fields, delimiters, and any additional text to be added, edited, or
deleted directly in the format. For an example of a custom data
format, refer to Custom Data Format Example, page 5–37.
2. Position the cursor in the Export Format and click the mouse to
place the cursor at the point in the format to edit a field. If
additional fields are desired, refer to User Defined Fields for
information on creating them, page 4–63.
3. Select a Field from the Fields box and click Add Field to Export
Format to add a field.
4. Highlight a Field in the Export Format and then press Delete on
the keyboard to delete it.

Custom Data Format Example
The advanced tab allows data from the AF700 to be formatted to make
it compatible with other computers. For example, if the format needed
is:
<Item ID="XXXX" Date="MM_DD_YY H_M_AM/PM">
<Variables>
<Variable ID="VARIABLE_NAME">
</Variable>
</Variables>
<Parameters>
<Parameter ID="PARAM1" Value="XX"/>
<Parameter ID="PARAM2" Value="XX"/>
</Parameters>
</Item>
This format can be pasted directly into the Transmission Format of the
Advanced tab.
After the format is pasted, it can be modified to match the appropriate

fields.
<Item ID="[Name]" Date="[Analysis Date]">
<Variables>
<Variable ID="[Method]">
</Variable>
</Variables>
<Parameters>
<Parameter ID="DT Width" Value="[DT Width]"/>
<Parameter ID="DT Height" Value="[DT Height]"/>
</Parameters>
</Item>

The result is shown on the Preview tab. The following is provided only
as an example of what the result might be for a sample.
<Item ID="Sample12" Date="12/7/2006 9:44:56 AM">
<Variables>
<Variable ID="Method-1">
</Variable>
</Variables>
<Parameters>
<Parameter ID="DT Width" Value="2"/>
<Parameter ID="DT Height" Value="3"/>
</Parameters>
</Item>

Preview
1. Click the Preview tab. The Preview Transmission Format Screen
will appear and display how selected samples would be
transmitted with the current settings.
NOTE This is a status screen to view the transmit data format. The
transmission format cannot be changed from this screen.

Transmit Selected Samples
Transmit Data permits the operator to select sample data and transmit
the data to a peripheral device. Sample data can be transmitted from
a serial port or over a network.
NOTE Before data is transmitted a transmission data format must be
defined. Refer to Transmit Data Format Configuration, page 5–30.
1. Click and drag the mouse pointer to select the rows with sample
data to transmit.
NOTE If no sample is selected only the last sample in the spreadsheet will
be transmitted.
2. Click the Sample menu and select Transmit. The Transmission
Format selection screen will appear.
NOTE The transmission format selection screen will not appear unless there
is more than one format available.
3. Select the Transmission Format and click OK to transmit the

selected sample data. A prompt will display to indicate the
transmit is complete.

Data Backup
Data Backup permits the operator or manager to export sample data

to a file. The file can be saved on the systems hard drive or
transferred to another media for safe storage. If necessary, the file
can be imported and the sample data restored. Refer to Transfer
Import, page 5–42.
Transfer Export
1. Click and drag the mouse pointer to select the rows with sample
data to export to a file.
2. Click the Sample menu and select Transfer Export. The export file
selection screen will appear.
3. Select the Save in location to store the sample data.

4. Enter a unique file name without an extension. The software will
automatically add the proper file extension.
5. Click Save to export and save the sample data to a file.

Transfer Import
Transfer Import restores sample data that was saved as a file using
Transfer Export. Refer to Transfer Export, page 5–41.
1. Click the Sample menu and select Transfer Import. The Import
File selection screen will appear.
2. Select the File to import by clicking on the file name.

3. Click Open. The sample data stored in the file will be restored as
the last samples in the spreadsheet.

6 Maintenance
View Log File ...............................................................................6–3

Configure Maintenance Counters ....................................................6–4
Maintenance Counter Definitions................................................6–5
Login and Reset Maintenance Counters............................................6–6
Furnace Flow Filter Packing and Replacement ...................................6–7
Cleaning the Instrument................................................................6–9
Maintenance AF700 6–1

6–2 AF700 Maintenance

View Log File
The log file is a history of past events. When any one of the following
events occurs, it is recorded in the log file.
 Ambient monitor parameter values out of range
 Date of last calibration, drift or blank
 Date scheduled maintenance is performed
 Network errors and network sign-on Errors
 Sample aborted
 Sample deleted
 Standard check out of range
1. From the Maintenance menu, click View Log Files. The Log File
will appear.
2. Click Print to send a printout of the log file to the system printer.
3. Click OK when finished.

Configure Maintenance Counters
Maintenance Counters is a list of components and assemblies, within

the instrument, that have been determined to require periodic
maintenance. An analysis counter will determine when periodic
maintenance is needed and alert the operator. After maintenance, a
history log of maintenance performed is automatically generated. The
counters should not be reset from this procedure. To reset the
counters, refer to Reset Maintenance Counters, page 6–6.
NOTE Default counters will only appear for one unit. If you’re using two
units you’ll need to enter all counters for the second unit.
1. From the Configuration menu, click Counters. The Counters dialog

box will appear.
2. Click Add to define a maintenance counter.

3. Enter the information required in the dialog box. Refer to
Maintenance Counter Definitions, page 6–5, for additional
information.
4. Click OK.

Maintenance Counter Definitions
Name—A name or description of the component or assembly that
requires periodic maintenance. The following are predefined counters:
Furnace Element Replacement—After 120 analysis, an alert to
inspect the Furnace Element and replace as necessary is
displayed.
NOTE The time intervals used for the default counters are dependent on the
environmental conditions and applications. The time intervals can be
adjusted accordingly.
Type—The type of count (Analyses, Days, or Hours) when the warning
message should display.
Count Blanks—If Yes is entered and a blank is analyzed, the analyses
counter will increment. If No is entered and a blank is analyzed, the
analyses counter will remain at the same value.
Count—The total number of analyses analyzed.
Warning—The determined number of analyses, days, or hours (defined
by Type) that the analyses counter can reach before a warning
message is displayed alerting the operator that periodic maintenance
is necessary. Analysis will not stop when this counter limit is reached.
To turn this function off, enter 0.
Stop—The determined number of analyses that the analyses counter
can reach before the instrument will automatically stop and prevent
continued analysis. To turn this function off, enter 0.
Resets—The number of times that the maintenance item was serviced.
The resets counter is incremented every time a maintenance item is
checked in the Maintenance dialog box.
Reset—Displays the date and time the maintenance counter was reset.
Comments—A place for the operator to add notes or comments
concerning maintenance.

Login and Reset Maintenance Counters
After periodic maintenance has been performed it should be logged in.

This creates a periodic maintenance history file, sets the analysis
counter back to zero (reset), increments the reset counter, enters the
reset date and enters any comments. After maintenance, a history log
of maintenance is automatically generated.
1. From the Maintenance menu, click Login. The Maintenance dialog
box will appear.
2. Select the item(s) that maintenance has been performed on.

3. Click OK.
4. A Confirmation dialog box associated with every counter will
appear.
A. Click Yes if maintenance was performed.
B. Click No if maintenance was not performed.
C. Click Cancel to exit procedure.

Furnace Flow Filter Packing and Replacement
1. Exit the AF700 applications software.

2. Turn the AF700 off and disconnect it from facility AC power.
3. Remove the left side panel of the instrument and locate the
Furnace Flow Filter assembly.
Figure 6-1
Furnace Flow Filter Assembly

4. To remove the glass wool filter, slide it to the left and swing it
out.
! Loosely pack the filter tube with 5 grams of glass wool. If the
CAUTION filter tube is pack to tightly it will restrict the flow of gas.
5. Remove the glass wool from the filter tube, clean the tube and
loosely repack it with 5 grams of glass wool.
6. To remove the micron filter slide it to the right and swing it out.
7. Replace the micron filter. It will be necessary to remove the
fittings on the ends of the filter and install them on the
replacement filter.
8. Install the left side panel.
9. Connect the instrument to facility power and then turn the AC
power on.
10. Start the applications software.

Cleaning the Instrument
The outer surface of the instrument may be cleaned with a damp cloth.
 Do not use organic solvents or abrasive materials.
 Do not allow any water to get inside the interior of the
instrument.


7 Theory of Operation
Illustrations .................................................................................7–2
Theory of Operation......................................................................7–3
General Theory, Equations, and Definitions .................................7–5
Predictive Alogrithm for IT and FT .........................................7–6
Theory of Operation AF700 7–1

Illustrations
Figure 7-1 Flow Diagram ............................................................... 7–4
7–2 AF700 Theory of Operation

Theory of Operation
LECO's AF700 is a Windows-based ash fusibility determinator that

automatically monitors ash cone deformation temperatures in coal ash,
coke ash, and mold powders. Prepared ash cones are mounted on a
ceramic tray and placed into a high-temperature, rampable furnace.
The user selects an analytical method with a predefined furnace
atmosphere (oxidizing or reducing) and a ramp rate (°C/minute) for
the furnace based on approved methodologies. The furnace is first
purged with nitrogen before the selected atmosphere is introduced.
Next, a high-resolution digital camera collects images (up to 30
frames/minute) after the furnace temperature reaches the method-
defined starting point (typically 1382 F/750°C). Predefined ash
fusibility temperatures (IT, ST, HT, and FT) may be automatically
determined using Image Recognition Functions (IRF) within the
software. Refer to equations and definitions on page 7–5. In addition,
IRF allows the analysis to be automatically terminated after all
deformation points have been reached for all samples—increasing
throughput and furnace lifetime. Alternately, the furnace can be
programmed to cycle between the method-defined starting
temperature (e.g. 752 F/400°C) and the maximum requested furnace
temperature (2730°F/1500°C). A complete image history for all
analyzed samples is digitally archived for easy retrieval and review on
DVD, CDRW, or hard drive. Archived images may be used to make
subjective determinations of deformation temperatures. For increased
safety, the AF700 is equipped with door interlocks, a built-in 160 CFM
ventilation system, and an integrated carbon monoxide detector. This
detector is used to monitor the lab environment. For added safety, an
auditory alarm sounds and all gas flows are terminated in the event
that an abnormal CO level is detected in the laboratory atmosphere.

Figure 7-1
Flow Diagram

General Theory, Equations, and Definitions
Ash Fusibility is the general term used when describing an analytical
method that measures the deformation temperatures of a material
within a given heated environment. Ash fusibility is a physical test in
which ash fusion transition temperatures (AFTs) are determined.
Typically these AFTs are determined by watching for physical changes
in a briquette or “cone” made from the ash in question as it is heated
in a controlled environment. There are four transition temperatures
that are widely used in this test. These four transition temperatures
are:
 initial deformation temperature (IT) - The temperature at which
the first rounding of the apex of the cones occurs. Shrinkage and
warping of the cone is ignored if the tip remains sharp.
 softening temperature (ST) – The temperature at which the cone
has fused down to a spherical lump in which the height is equal to
the width at the base. “Height=Width”
 hemispherical temperature (HT) – The temperature at which the
cone has fused down to a hemispherical lump where the height is
one half the width at the base. “Height=0.5*Width”
 fluid temperature (FT) – The temperature at which the fused mass
has spread out in a nearly flat layer with either a maximum height
of 1/16th in, or to a height less than 1/3 the HT height are
commonly used.
Deformation Equation
IT {[Rounding]>9}And{[Height]<[Initial
Height]*0.9}
ST {[Height]<=[Width]}
HT {[Height]<=[Width]*0.5}
FT {[Height]<=[HT Height]*0.3}
MP {[Height]<[Initial Height]*0.1}
Rounding: The number of pixels in the largest circle that will fit in the
tip of a cone
Height: Height of the sample
Width: Width of the sample
These AFTs are helpful in determining the critical temperature points in

the deformation of combustion residues (ash) from the coal
combustion process.

Figure 1 below depicts the initial, un-fused cone at position #0 and
how each of the respective transition temperatures might appear to an
observer (see positions 1 through 4 respectively).
0 1 2 3 4
IT ST HT FT
Figure 1
Predictive Alogrithm for IT and FT

Due to the subjective nature in determining IT and FT, an algorithm
was developed by Dr. John Riley (patent pending). ST and FT are
easily discernable changes, and through the use of Dr. Riley’s
algorithm can be used to calculate both IT and FT. Leco has chosen
this patent pending process to provide better analytical results for
AF700 users. Due to the fact that FT need not be measured, analysis
times can be reduced.

8 Diagnostics
Ambient Monitor ..........................................................................8–3

Ambient Chart ........................................................................8–3
Ambient Chart Definitions ....................................................8–5
System Check..............................................................................8–6
Furnace Diagnostics......................................................................8–7
Temperature Selection Measurement .........................................8–8
Furnace Temperature Adjustment ..............................................8–8
Turn the Furnace OFF ..............................................................8–8
Network Diagnostics .....................................................................8–9
Poll Devices ............................................................................8–9
Reset Network ...................................................................... 8–10
Upgrade a Device .................................................................. 8–10
Network Definitions ............................................................... 8–10
Solenoids and Switches ............................................................... 8–11
Diagnostics AF700 8–1

8–2 AF700 Diagnostics

Ambient Monitor
The Ambient Monitor permits the service engineer or operator to

monitor instrument parameters and determine their status. The
Ambient Chart displays system parameters on a chart and graph. The
selected parameters are not selectable by the operator; they were
selected by LECO as being the most critical to monitor.
This symbol will appear next to the parameter name, on the
ambient monitor screen, if the parameter value is out of minimum or
maximum range.
Refer to Ambient Monitor Definitions, page 8–5, for information
concerning the parameters and values displayed on the Ambient Chart
screen.
Ambient Chart
1. Click Diagnostics and select Chart to display the Ambient Monitor
Chart screen.
2. Click the Check Box, to the left of the desired parameter, to

display the parameter value in the graph above the chart. More
than one parameter can be displayed by holding down the Control
Key and clicking the Parameter Check Box. A yellow circle with an
exclamation mark inside, to the left of the check box, indicates
the parameter value is outside the desired range.

3. Click the right mouse button, with the mouse pointer inside the
graph, to reset, restore, zoom in, zoom out, and set the graph
range. The parameter value is displayed on the vertical axis and
the time is displayed on the horizontal axis. The box in the lower
left corner of the graph displays the hours since the instrument
was turned on or the graph reset. The hours reset to 0 after 24.
4. Click Reset Chart to reset the parameter values and time on the
chart and graph.
5. Click Print to print the parameter values.

Ambient Chart Definitions
Furnace Temperature—The temperature of the furnace.
Range: 400 - 1500oC.
NOTE Differences between the Furnace Temperature and the Furnace Over
Temperature reading are expected because the two thermocouples
are positioned differently inside the furnace.
Furnace Temperature (Raw)—The temperature of the furnace.
Range: 400 - 1500oC.
Furnace Over Temperature—The temperature of the Furnace. This is a
secondary measurement of the furnace temperature intended to
protect the unit from damage in case temperatures higher than
1500°C are observed.
Furnace Line Voltage—The line voltage supplied to the instrument.
Nominal Voltage: 230 V +/-10%.
Furnace Voltage—The electrical voltage drawn by the furnace during
operation.
Furnace Current—The electrical current drawn by the resistance
furnace during operation. Range: 0 – 30 amps.
Furnace Power—The power dissipated by the furnace. This is
calculated by multiplying the calculated furnace voltage and measured
furnace current.
Furnace Ramp Rate—The temperature of the furnace per minute. The
furnace ramp rate will lag the furnace set point as the furnace is
ramping.
Cabinet Temperature—The ambient temperature inside the instrument
as measured by a temperature transducer. This value is in degrees
centigrade. Before analysis the ambient temperature should be
approximately 25oC or the ambient room temperature.
Control Signal—The percentage of furnace power. The amount of time
the furnace is on.
Furnace Setpoint—The temperature that the furnace is set at. The
furnace setpoint will vary with the furnace ramp rate.
Reducing Gas Pressure—The pressure of the reducing gas. This
pressure is set at 25 psi.
Incoming Gas Pressure—The pressure of the selected gas. This
pressure is set at 25 psi.
Furnace Flow—The amount of gas flow through the furnace. The
furnace flow is set at 2.25 lpm ±0.5 when the gas is on.

System Check
System check is a quick way to determine if major systems in the

instrument are operating properly. All systems should have a green
indicator beside them before the instrument is used for analysis.
The results of system check will be listed in the results column to the
right of the item checked. If any of the system checks fail, the reason
will be listed in the results column.
1. Click Diagnostics and select System Check. The System Check
screen will appear.
2. Click Start to system check and test the systems listed on the
screen.
3. The results of system check will be displayed to the right of the
system being checked under the results column. Also, the circle
will be filled with green to indicate the system checked passed or
with an X to indicate the system checked failed.
4. Click Print to print the results of the system check on the system
printer.

Furnace Diagnostics
The Furnace diagnostics screen is used to test and verify proper

operation of the furnace heater. The meters on the right side of the
screen can be used to monitor Furnace Temperature and Furnace Over
Temperature.
When testing the furnace, set the temperature and observe the target
value. The furnace should ramp to the set value and remain there.
1. Click Diagnostics and select Furnace. The Furnace diagnostics

screen will appear.

Temperature Selection Measurement
1. Click the arrow under the meter to select the meter function.
Selections are Furnace Temperature and Furnace Over
Temperature.
2. The meter will display the current temperature for the selection.
Furnace Temperature Adjustment

3. Enter the Furnace Temperature and Target. This can be set using
the slider or entered into the edit box directly below the slider.
4. Click Set New Targets. The furnace will heat to the set value.
Turn the Furnace OFF

1. If it becomes necessary to turn the furnace OFF, click Stop.

Network Diagnostics
The electronic design of the instrument is modular. It consists of a

main controller, similar to a host computer, and peripheral electronic
assemblies, which are controlled from the main controller. During
operation all peripheral assemblies communicate with the main
controller over a common electronic bus. Because of this arrangement
information can be displayed and assemblies controlled from the
network screen.
From the Network screen the type of hardware installed can be
identified, the version of firmware identified, the operational status of
the peripheral devices can be determined, the network can be reset, a
network device can be reset and the firmware can be upgraded.
The spreadsheet in the upper right area of the screen lists the device,
identification, classification, instance used, serial number, version
number of the application software, checksum of the applications
software and the version of the network software. Refer to Network
Definitions, page 8–10.
1. Click Diagnostics and select Network. The Network screen will

appear.
Poll Devices
Click Poll Devices to send a signal over the network to determine what
is connected to the network. Network hardware should appear under
devices indicating they are functioning and signing on to the network.

Reset Network
Click Reset Network to restart the network software. If something or
some operation causes an error this may correct it.
Upgrade a Device
1. To upgrade a device with a new version of application firmware,
click the Device to upgrade. Then click Download to download the
new firmware.
2. Click Reset Board to restart firmware application program on the
circuit board.
Network Definitions
Device—The name of the electronic assembly connected to the
network.
MAC-id—The network ID number assigned to the electronic assembly
connected to the network. This number is assigned at power up and
can vary.
Class—The type number of the electronic assembly signed on to the
network.
Instance—A unique number assigned to an electronic assembly. If two
or more of the same type electronic assemblies are installed in the
instrument this number will be different for each assembly and is used
by the controller to differentiate one from the other.
Serial—The hardware ID number assigned to the electronic assembly.
This number is assigned during manufacturing and is unique to each
electronic assembly. The serial number is stored on the circuit board in
a PROM.
Version—The version number of the application software located on
the electronic assembly. This software can be upgraded from the
network procedure.
Checksum—A number unique to the application software to verify if
the software was properly installed. There will be a checksum number
supplied with any software upgrades. Make sure that the number
appearing in the checksum cell is the same as the number supplied
with the software upgrade.
NI Version—The version number of the network control software
installed in the electronic assembly. This software is located in a PROM
and cannot be upgraded from the network procedure.
Hardware ID—The identification number of the hardware.
FPGA Version—The version number of the firmware.

Solenoids and Switches
Solenoids and Switches permit the service engineer or operator to

individually activate and deactivate each of the solenoid valves. This is
a diagnostic test to determine the condition of the valve and its
operational result.
1. Click Diagnostics and select Solenoids and Switches. The
Solenoids and Switches screen will appear.
2. Click the checkbox next to Show Solenoid to show the values on

the flow chart.
3. Click the checkbox next to Show Gauges to show the values on
the flow chart.
4. Click the checkbox next to the desired solenoid valve to activate
or deactivate it. A check mark in the box indicates it’s activated.
You can move the mouse pointer over the solenoid valves and
double-click on them to toggle the solenoid valves open and
closed.
5. Click Print to print a report of the solenoid valves and switch
states.


9 Service
Illustrations .................................................................................9–2
Replace the Furnace Heating Element..............................................9–3
Combustion Tube Replacement ......................................................9–4
Service AF700 9–1

Illustrations
Figure 9-1 Furnace Assembly ......................................................... 9–4

Figure 9-2 Furnace End Disassembly ............................................... 9–5
Figure 9-3 Combustion Tube with D-Tube ........................................ 9–6
Figure 9-4 Furnace Access Cover .................................................... 9–7
Figure 9-5 Thermocouple and End Plate........................................... 9–8
Figure 9-6 Combustion Tube and Thermocouple................................ 9–9
Figure 9-7 Furnace End Assembly ................................................... 9–10
Figure 9-8 Furnace D-Tube Installation............................................ 9–11
9–2 AF700 Service

Replace the Furnace Heating Element
1. After 120 analysis, an alert to inspect the Furnace Heating

Element and replace as necessary is displayed. Refer to Heating
Element Installation, page 2–6.
2. After replacing the Furnace Element, reset the maintenance
counter, page 6–6.
Service AF700 9–3

Combustion Tube Replacement
POSSIBLE INJURY
WARNING After AC power is turned off and disconnected, permit
the combustion tube to cool to ambient temperature
before performing this procedure.
1. Turn the AC power off to the instrument and unplug it from

facility power.
2. Let the furnace cool to ambient temperature.
3. Remove the both Side Panels and the Top Cover.
4. Remove the Furnace Baffle assembly. Refer to Figure 9-1 below.
5. Remove both Top End Insulation Plates.
Figure 9-1
Furnace Assembly
9–4 AF700 Service

6. Remove the screws that secure the Rear Cover and remove the
cover. Refer to Figure 2-2 page 2–5.
7. Disconnect the Thermal Fuse Connector, refer to Figure 9-2
below.
8. Remove the three Screws securing the thermocouple mounting
plate.
9. Pull the Thermocouple out of the rear furnace end block
assembly.
10. Tighten the two Top Screws securing the combustion tube end
assembly.
11. Disconnect the Gas Lines to the combustion tube end assembly.
12. Remove the two End Mounting Top Screws.
Figure 9-2
Furnace End Disassembly
Service AF700 9–5

13. Open the front door and remove the D-tube, Insulation and
Supports from inside the combustion tube. Refer to Figure 9-3
below.
Figure 9-3
Combustion Tube with D-Tube
14. Remove the four Screws and remove the combustion flange.
9–6 AF700 Service

15. Remove the O-ring around the combustion tube. Refer to figure
9-4 below.
16. Remove the three Screws that secure the front access cover and
remove the cover.
Figure 9-4
Furnace Access Cover
Service AF700 9–7

17. Remove the Rear End Furnace Assembly and Combustion Tube
from the rear of the furnace.
18. Replace all o-rings in the rear end furnace assembly. Refer to
Figure 9-5 below.
19. Reassemble the rear end furnace assembly using a new
combustion tube.
633-101-441 625-501-430 625-501-746

THERMOCOUPLE O-RING REAR END BLOCK
(3 REQUIRED) ASSEMBLY
REAR SEAL PLATE

(PART OF 625-501-746 625-501-392
REAR END BLOCK GAS INLET TUBE
625-501-158
ASSEMBLY)
INSERT
Figure 9-5
Thermocouple and End Plate
9–8 AF700 Service

20. Push the Combustion Tube Assembly into the furnace. Be careful
that the end insulation is not damaged. If the insulation is torn or
damaged it should be replaced.
Figure 9-6
Combustion Tube and Thermocouple
21. Install and tighten the two top combustion tube end assembly
mounting screws. Refer to Figure 9-2 on page 9–5.
22. Install the two Top Insulation Plates.
23. Install the Front Access Plate.
24. Install the front O-ring over the combustion tube. A new o-ring
should be used.
25. Install the Front Combustion Flange Assembly.
Service AF700 9–9

26. Install the Gas Lines. Refer to Figure 9-7 below.
Figure 9-7
Furnace End Assembly
27. Connect the Thermal Fuse.

28. Loosen the two top screws that mount the combustion tube rear
assembly 1/8 inch. This provides for expansion of the combustion
tube.
9–10 AF700 Service

29. The bottom of the combustion tube assembly should rest on the
roller bar below the assembly. If it doesn’t loosen and adjust the
alignment screws until it does. Tighten the alignment screws.
30. Install the D-tube, Insulation and Supports into the combustion
tube. Refer to Figure 9-8 below.
Figure 9-8
Furnace D-Tube Installation
31. Hold the D-Tube from the front and push the Thermocouple into
the combustion tube. Be careful not to hit the supports inside the
combustion tube.
32. Install the Furnace Top Cover.
33. Install the Top Panel and Side Panels.
34. Install the Rear Cover making sure the CO2 safety switch is
closed. A click will be heard when the switch is closed.
35. Connect the instrument to facility AC power.
Service AF700 9–11

9–12 AF700 Service

10 Illustrations
Figure 10-1 LED’s......... ............................................................... 10–3
Figure 10-2 Gas Furnace Transducer Assembly ................................. 10–4
Figure 10-3 USB Interface Assembly ............................................... 10–5
Figure 10-4 Front Door Switch ....................................................... 10–6
Figure 10-5 Camera Bottom Port Assembly ...................................... 10–7
Figure 10-7 Furnace Blower Assembly ............................................. 10–9
Figure 10-8 Gas Filter Panel Assembly............................................. 10–10
Figure 10-9 Six Element Furnace Assembly ...................................... 10–11
Figure 10-10 Viewing Periscope Assembly........................................ 10–12
Figure 10-11 Incoming Gas Manifold Assembly ................................. 10–13
Figure 10-12 Camera Furnace Assembly .......................................... 10–14
Illustrations AF700 10–1

10–2 AF700 Illustrations

Figure 10-1
LED’s

Figure 10-2
Gas Furnace Transducer Assembly

Figure 10-3
USB Interface Assembly

Figure 10-4
Front Door Switch

Figure 10-5
Camera Bottom Port Assembly

Figure 10-6
Furnace End Block Assembly

Figure 10-7
Furnace Blower Assembly

773-937
FTG
625-501-625
MANIFOLD
193-055
WASHER
611-790 3 REQ'D
O-RING 206
4 REQ'D 625-501-627 190-867
PLATE SCREW
4 REQ'D
625-501-624
BLOCK
801-906
PIN DOWEL
625-501-646
190-877 BLOCK
SET SCREW 619-316
2 REQ'D TUBE
765-976
O-RING 208
772-520
O-RING 108
3 REQ'D
625-501-626
625-501-655 BLOCK
ASSY FILTER
619-126
INSERT
2-REQ'D
760-841
O-RING 011
2 REQ'D
ILS-00608-A
Figure 10-8
Gas Filter Panel Assembly

Figure 10-9
Six Element Furnace Assembly

Figure 10-10
Viewing Periscope Assembly

Figure 10-11
Incoming Gas Manifold Assembly

Figure 10-12
Camera Furnace Assembly

11 Schematics

Schematics AF700 11–1

11–2 AF700 Schematics

Figure 11-1
151-014 Cabinet Schematics-1 of 6

Figure 11-2

Figure 11-3

Figure 11-4

Figure 11-5

Figure 11-6

12 Index
A
Abort an Analysis .................................................................... 5–9
Accessories List..................................................................... 1–23
Add Standards ........................................................................ 5–4
Ambient Chart ........................................................................ 8–3
Ambient Monitor...................................................................... 8–3
Analysis Method .................................................................... 4–42
Analysis, Delay ..................................................................... 5–10
Analyze Row in the Spreadsheet, Go to .................................... 4–39
Analyze Samples ..................................................................... 5–9
Apply Power ......................................................................... 2–25
Ash Cone Sample Preparation ................................................... 4–5
Auto Widths.......................................................................... 4–39
B
Backup, Data ........................................................................ 5–41
Backup/Restore..................................................................... 4–62
C
Calibration ............................................................................. 5–3
Calibration, View ..................................................................... 5–5
Caution, Symbols .................................................................. 1–16
Cleaning the Instrument........................................................... 6–9
Clone a Method ..................................................................... 4–47
Combustion Tube Replacement.................................................. 9–4
Components List ................................................................... 1–23
Configuration Menu ............................................................... 4–30
Configuration, Method............................................................ 4–42
Configuration, Sample Display................................................. 4–36
Configuration, System............................................................ 4–40
Index AF700 12–1

Configure Maintenance Counters................................................ 6–4
Configure Print Samples ......................................................... 5–11
Copy Protection Key .............................................................. 2–32
Create a Method.................................................................... 4–42
D
Data Backup ......................................................................... 5–41
Data, Fill Cells....................................................................... 5–17
Database Management........................................................... 4–68
Database Menu ..................................................................... 4–26
Declaration of Conformity ....................................................... 1–19
Define Calibration Standards ................................................... 4–52
Definitions, Ambient Chart ........................................................ 8–5
Definitions, Export................................................................. 5–22
Definitions, Maintenance Counter............................................... 6–5
Definitions, Network .............................................................. 8–10
Definitions, Standard Login .............................................. 4–55, 5–8
Definitions, System Configuration ............................................ 4–41
Delay Analysis ...................................................................... 5–10
Delete a Method.................................................................... 4–51
Delete a Sample.................................................................... 5–18
Delete a Sample Template ...................................................... 4–57
Device, Firmware Upgrade ...................................................... 8–10
Diagnostics Menu .................................................................. 4–31
Diagnostics, Furnace................................................................ 8–7
Diagnostics, Network ............................................................... 8–9
Dialog Box Navigation ............................................................ 4–51
Display Configuration ............................................................. 4–36
E
Edit a Method ....................................................................... 4–46
Edit Menu............................................................................. 4–26
Equipment Packages .............................................................. 1–20
Export a Method.................................................................... 4–48
Export Configuration .............................................................. 5–21
Export Data .......................................................................... 5–21
F
Fill Cells with the Same .......................................................... 5–17
12–2 AF700 Index

Firmware Upgrade, Device ...................................................... 8–10
First Row in the Spreadsheet, Go to ......................................... 4–39
Flow, Diagram ........................................................................ 7–4
Furnace Diagnostics................................................................. 8–7
Furnace Filter Packing and Replacement ..................................... 6–7
Furnace Heating Element Replacement ....................................... 9–3
Furnace OFF ........................................................................... 8–8
Furnace Temperature Adjustment .............................................. 8–8
H
Hardware Calibration ............................................................. 4–62
Heating Element Installation ..................................................... 2–6
I
Illustrations List ...................................................................... 1–6
Import a Method ................................................................... 4–50
Import Data ......................................................................... 5–28
Insert a Sample .................................................................... 5–16
Install, International .............................................................. 2–37
Installation ............................................................................. 2–3
Installation, Printer.................................................................. 3–3
Interference to Other Devices ................................................. 1–18
International Installation ........................................................ 2–37
K
Key ..................................................................................... 2–32
L
Language ............................................................................. 4–35
Language, Select................................................................... 4–35
Last Row in the Spreadsheet, Go to ......................................... 4–39
Loading Samples ..................................................................... 5–6
Log Bar................................................................................ 4–38
Log File, View ......................................................................... 6–3
Login Maintenance Counters, Reset............................................ 6–6
Login Samples ........................................................................ 5–7
Login using a Calibration Standard........................................... 4–54
Login using a Sample Template ............................................... 4–57
Index AF700 12–3

M
Main Screen ......................................................................... 4–17
Maintenance Counters, Configure .............................................. 6–4
Maintenance Menu................................................................. 4–32
Menu, Configuration .............................................................. 4–30
Menu, Database .................................................................... 4–26
Menu, Diagnostics ................................................................. 4–31
Menu, Edit............................................................................ 4–26
Menu, Maintenance................................................................ 4–32
Menu, Samples ..................................................................... 4–28
Menu, View .......................................................................... 4–27
Method Configuration............................................................. 4–42
Method, Export ..................................................................... 4–48
Method, Import ..................................................................... 4–50
Mounting................................................................................ 4–7
N
Network Diagnostics ................................................................ 8–9
Network, Reset ..................................................................... 8–10
Notice, Warranty ................................................................... 1–13
O
Operation, Theory ................................................................... 7–3
Options................................................................................ 1–22
P
Pause Analysis ...................................................................... 5–10
Poll Devices ............................................................................ 8–9
Power, Apply ........................................................................ 2–25
Print Preview ........................................................................ 5–14
Print Samples, Configuration ................................................... 5–11
Printer Installation................................................................... 3–3
R
Recalculate Results................................................................ 5–15
Remove a Programmed Pause or Delay .................................... 5–10
Reset Maintenance Counters ..................................................... 6–6
Reset Network ...................................................................... 8–10
Results ................................................................................ 5–15
12–4 AF700 Index

S
Sample Display Configuration.................................................. 4–36
Sample Filters....................................................................... 4–58
Sample Mounting .................................................................... 4–7
Sample Preparation ................................................................. 4–5
Sample Signature.................................................................. 5–19
Sample Template, Login ......................................................... 4–57
Sample Templates ................................................................. 4–56
Sample, Delete ..................................................................... 5–18
Sample, Insert ...................................................................... 5–16
Samples............................................................................... 5–16
Samples Menu ...................................................................... 4–28
Samples, Analyze .................................................................... 5–9
Samples, Loading .................................................................... 5–6
Samples, Login ....................................................................... 5–7
Screen Layout....................................................................... 4–22
Select Language.................................................................... 4–35
Setting Up Cone Positions ......................................................... 4–9
Setting Up the Camera........................................................... 4–12
Shortcuts ............................................................................. 4–39
Signature, Sample................................................................. 5–19
Signature, View..................................................................... 5–20
Software Installation.............................................................. 2–34
Software License ..................................................................... 1–8
Software Registration............................................................. 2–36
Software Upgrade.................................................................. 2–35
Solenoids and Switches .......................................................... 8–11
Specifications ....................................................................... 1–25
Standard Calibration ................................................................ 5–3
Standard, Define Calibration ................................................... 4–52
Static .................................................................................. 1–18
Status Bar ............................................................................ 4–38
Switches, Solenoids ............................................................... 8–11
System Check......................................................................... 8–6
System Configuration............................................................. 4–40
Index AF700 12–5

System Overview .................................................................. 4–26
T
Templates, Sample ................................................................ 4–56
Theory of Operation................................................................. 7–3
Toolbar ................................................................................ 4–38
Transfer Export ..................................................................... 5–41
Transfer Import .................................................................... 5–42
Transmit Data....................................................................... 5–30
Transmit Format Configuration ................................................ 5–30
Transmit Selected Samples ..................................................... 5–40
Turn the Furnace OFF, Turn the................................................. 8–8
U
User Defined Fields ................................................................ 4–63
User Permission .................................................................... 4–33
V
View Calibration ...................................................................... 5–5
View Log File .......................................................................... 6–3
View Menu ........................................................................... 4–27
View Signatures .................................................................... 5–20
W
Warning Information.............................................................. 1–17
Warning Symbols .................................................................. 1–16
Warranty.............................................................................. 1–12
12–6 AF700 Index

Manual Derteminator Ash Fusibility LecoAF700 - V1-1!7!09

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AF700

This symbol indicates possible

Sensitive Electrical Components. LECO recommends disconnecting

During installation and operation of this instrument, the ON/OFF switch

Licenses and Trademarks

1–2 AF700 Introduction

Introduction AF700 1–3

1–4 AF700 Introduction

Introduction AF700 1–5

Figure 2-1 AF700 Back View .......................................................... 2–5

1–6 AF700 Introduction

Introduction AF700 1–7

By installing the Licensed Software, the Licensee acknowledges that

II. License Grant

a. the right to use a copy of the Licensed Software in executable form

1–8 AF700 Introduction

1. transfer or allow transfer of copies of the Licensed Software to any

III. Enhancements And Support

IV. Termination Of Software License

Introduction AF700 1–9

VI. Limitation Of Liability And Warranties

1–10 AF700 Introduction

Introduction AF700 1–11

Equipment manufactured by LECO Corporation, St. Joseph, Michigan is

1–12 AF700 Introduction

Introduction AF700 1–13

For Domestic Customers:

2. On the form, for original owner,

For International Customers:

2. On the left-hand side of Dell's website , click International

1–14 AF700 Introduction

Introduction AF700 1–15

The following symbols may be found on LECO equipment or their

This symbol indicates a risk of electrical shock. Refer to the

This symbol indicates a high temperature surface. Refer to the

! This symbol indicates a caution. Refer to the manual for

1–16 AF700 Introduction

Warning - GAS cylinders containing CO/CO2

Introduction AF700 1–17

1–18 AF700 Introduction

Introduction AF700 1–19

AF700SC AF700 Ash Fusion Furnace Package

AF700SCR AF700 Ash Fusion Furnace Package

1–20 AF700 Introduction

AF700A AF700 Add On Furnace Package

Introduction AF700 1–21

To place an order by phone, please call our customer service

789-700-1OP AF700 Options

1–22 AF700 Introduction

789-710-074 AF700 Component Pack

Introduction AF700 1–23

625-501-314 Accessory Pack

1–24 AF700 Introduction

Temperature Range.................. 400C to 1500C (750F to 2730F)

Introduction AF700 1–25

1–26 AF700 Introduction

Installation AF700 2–1

Figure 2-1 AF700 Back View .......................................................... 2–5

2–2 AF700 Installation