DESING OF 200 CUBIC METRE REINFORCED RECTANGULAR CLEAR WATER STORAGE TANK FOR RUMPHI

Tank Geometry and Dimensions

Length = 8m

Breadth = 6.3 m

Tank height = 4m

Maximum water level = 3.5

Roof slab thickness = 200 mm

MATERIAL PROPERTIES

1) Concrete unit weight γc = 24KN/m3

2) Steel Tensile strength:
High Yield f y =460N/mm2

3) Concrete strength fcu =35N/mm2

4) Water unit weight γw = 9.81KN/m3

PARTIAL SAFETY FACTORS

(i) Loads γf :

Dead Load = 1.4

Live Load = 1.6
Service limit state = 1.0

Partial factor of water = 1.5

(ii) Reinforced Steel = 1.15

(iii) Concrete γm = 1.5

Assumptions

1. The tank is above ground partially ,buried, 1.8m under earth (see diagram below) hence resultant
surge pressure will be considered
2. Water leaves a freeboard of 0.5m
3. Wind forces are negligible
4. The tank is on a hill such that water run-off is very high i.e uplift water pressure is negligible
5. The tank is designed under class B exposure conditions (severe exposure condition) where
allowable maximum crack width is 0.2mm (Table 11.1, W. H. Mosley & H.B Bungey 3 rd edition)
 The following forces and moments were considered

1. Critical (maximum) bending moment occurs at the foot (base) of the tank
2. Critical (maximum) force exerted on the tank due to lateral forces (surge pressure-
compression force)

Reference Computation outcome

LIMIT STATE DESIGN

Design of cantilever walls

1.Determining service moment at the root (base) of the cantilever
R.D Anchor 2.Determining wall thickness h from design charts
Table A2.4

BS8110 Service moment at the base of cantilever M = (unit weight of water X

height of water in the tank Hw 3)/6

9.81× 3.53
M= X 1.4
6

M = 70.10 KNm/m run

3 M s = 146.496
M s is the ultimate moment from factored load = 9.81× 1.4 x 4 Knm/m
6
= 146.496

Ms
R.D Anchor Area required As =
Table A2.4
0.87 fyZ

Z ¿d ¿
MS
K¿ = 0.043 ∴ Z = 0.94d < 0.95d
fcu× b d 2

Z = 0.95 x 215 = 204 mm

From design chart, estimated base thickness h = 275

Assuming cover = 40
 ∅ h= 275
Effective depth d = h – (cover + ) d = 275 – ( 40-16/2) = 215
2

70 ×106
Therefore Area required Areq = = 857.4 mm2
0.87 × 460× 204

Provide T16 @ 200mm centers (Area provided = 1010 mm2)

Critical force

Resultant force due to Soil pressure

2h R1 = 15.89
Resultant R1 acts at where h is height of soil =1800 mm , see kN/m run
3
figure above

2× 1800
=1200 mmfrom top level of soil & 600 mm from the base
3
R2 = 60.10
BS 8110 1
kN/m run
3.4.4.4 R1 = ρ gh 2 = 0.5 X 1000 X 9.81 X 1.82 = 15.89 kN/ meter length
2 w s

Resultant force due to air = 0 (assuming air pressure is negligible)

Resultant force due to water R2

1
R2 = ρw g hs2 = 0.5 x 1000 x 9.81 x 3.52 = 60.10 kN/m
2 252.40KNm/m

Ultimate Moment of resistance based on

concrete
Mu=0.156fcubd²
= 0.156x35x1000x215²
= 252388500
= 252.3885

Satisfactory   Mu>Ms
252.4 > 70.10 ok

Ultimate moment resistance based on steel

Mus = 0.95fyZAs

X = d(1-√[(1-0.7Ms/Mu)/0.9]
 X = 0.25d
Z = d-0.45x
= d-0.45(0.25) d
= 0.8875d < 0.95d
= 0.8875 x 215
= 191 mm
Mus = 0.95 x 460 x 191 x 1010 = 84,301,670 x 10 -6 = 84.3 kNm/m run

Applied ultimate moment is less than moment resistance

239mm

Applied ultimate moment less that moment of resistance of

section
528mm2

From BS 8110 part 2, the crack width is given by:

540mm2
Crack width = 3acr x εm
1+2(acr - cmin)/(h-x)

BS 8110 Part 3∗126∗1.23∗10−3

1, Table 3.27 = 126−40
1+2( )
300−90

Crack width is not ok

Try 1010mm2 at 200mm centers , spacing

x
Z= d- ( ¿
3
51.3KN
x
= ∝e ρ + √ α e ρ(2+∝e ρ)
d
0.20N/mm2
Es
∝e= Ec
( )
2
0.36N/mm2
200∗10 3
∝e= 28∗10 3
( )
2
BS 8110 Part
1, Table 3.7
 As
ρ=
bd

1010
ρ=
1000∗252

x
= 14.29∗0.004+ √ 14.29∗0.004(2+0.004∗14.29)
248
1.84∗10−3
Z= 252-99

M
F s=
A s∗Z

36.43∗10 6
F s=
1010∗153
14.29

Fs
ε s=
Es

0.00319
235.7
ε s=
200∗103

1.18∗10−3<1.84∗10−3 90mm
(a−x )
ε 1=¿ ε s * 162mm
(d −x)

(300−99)
ε 1=¿ 1.18∗10−3 *
(252−99)
279.69N/mm2
b(h−x)( a−x )
ε m= ε 1 -
3 E s A s (d−x )

1000(300−99)(300−99)
ε m= 1.55∗10−3 - 1.40∗10−3
3∗1010∗200∗103 (252−99)
 2
a cr= S b +C 2-∅ /2
√4

Where Sb is the bar spacing

1.81∗10−3
C is the distance from the edge of the section to half bar diameter

2
a cr= 200 + 48 2-16/2
√ 4 1.23∗10−3

3∗103∗1.22∗10−3
103−40
1+2( )
300−99

Try 1150mm2 at 150mm centers, spacing

0.8 f y
Es 126mm

0.8∗460
=
200∗103

x
Z= d- ( ¿
3

x
= ∝e ρ + √ α e ρ(2+∝e ρ)
d 0.25mm

Es
∝e= Ec
( )
2

200∗10 3
∝e= 28∗10 3
( )
2

As
ρ=
bd
 1150
ρ=
1000∗252 14.29

x
= 14.29∗0.0046+ √ 14.29∗0.0046(2+0.0046∗14.29) 0.004
248

Z= 252-109

M
F s=
A s∗Z
99mm

36.43∗10 6
F s= 153mm
1150∗143

Fs
ε s=
Es 235.7N/mm2

221
ε s=
200∗103

1.1∗10−3<1.84∗10−3
1.18¿ 10−6
(a−x )
ε 1=¿ ε s *
(d −x)

(300−109)
ε 1=¿ 1.1∗10−3 *
(252−109)
1.55*10−3
b(h−x)( a−x )
ε m= ε 1 -
3 E s A s (d−x )

1000(300−115)(300−115)
ε m= 1.48∗10−3 -
3∗1340∗200∗103 (252−115) 1.22*10−3
 2
a cr= S b +C 2-∅ /2
√ 4

Where Sb is the bar spacing

C is the distance from the edge of the section to half bar diameter

103mm
2
a cr= 175 + 48 2-16/2
√ 4

From BS 8110 part 2, the crack width is given by:

0.23mm>0.2mm
Crack width = 3acr x εm
1+2(acr - cmin)/(h-x)

3∗92∗7.40∗10−4
= 92−40
1+2( )
300−109

Crack width is ok
1.84*10−3

Deflection Limit Check

14.29
For deflection limit check the critical parameters/values are: -
1. -Span / depth ratio (Table 3.10 BS8110)
2. -Modification Factor Mf (due to tension steel is given by):
Mf =0.55 + [ (477-fs)/120(0.9 + M/bd 2)]

3. -Modification factor due to compression steel if comp steel

provided
-Modification factor due to wall tapering where applicable
0.0046
However, for this case of a circular tank deflection is limited by the
hoop reinforcement and therefore no requirement for special provision

109mm
Roof Slab design
The design of the roof slab is very similar to wall design i.e. the slab has 143mm
been designed for:
1. Flexural strength considering 1m wide strip and using same
formulae’s for wall design to calculate k, lever arm z and As.
2. Shear strength considering critical shear to be at supports
3. Deflection limit considering tension reinforcement
modification factor and allowable span/ depth ratio according
to BS 8110 Table 3.10 221 N /mm2
4. Crack width limit by limiting maximum bar spacing to <3d
since slab thickness ≤200mm. Ref BS8110 clause 3.12.11.7

Flexural steel calculation:

Slab spanning
Slab spanning arrangement was checked first both for inner bay 1.1¿ 10−3
supported by two beams, and outer bays supported by beam and
wall. The slab has free support at the wall.

Longer strip, l y =3288mm

Shorter strip, l x = 1000mm

ly 1.48¿ 10−3
= 3288/1000
lx

Centre and middle bay ly/lx= 3.288>2

Therefore, the slab in both cases is one-way spanning

7.40*10−4
Slab Loading
Slab was assumed to carry minimum incidental imposed loads
=1.5KN/m2

Main Loading to be self-weight = 4.8KN/m 2

Total load = (1.5*1.6*1*3.288) + (24*0.2*3.288*1*1.4)

Check for span and support arrangement to determine whether to
use moment distribution methods:
Span and support arrangements were checked to determine whether
to use coefficient Tables Moments or Moment Distribution Methods:
Span differences < 15%
Support conditions assumed to be simple 92mm
Therefore, coefficient Tables were used for slab design.

Moment= 0.086*22.10*3.288

Shear= 0.6*3.288
 Cover= 30, Bar diameter 12mm 0.118mm<0.2m
m
d= 200-30-(12/2)

Mu
K=
F cu b d 2

16.32∗10 6
K=
35∗1000∗1642

Z= 164[ 0.5+ √ 0.25−0.02/0.9]

BS 8110 part As = Mu/0.87fyz

1, Table 3.10
As = (8.5∗106 ¿/0.87*460*156

Checking against Asmin = 0.13%bh = 0.13%*1000*200

Thus Asmin > As therefore using Asmin as critical;

Provide slab flexural steel: T12 at 200mm centers in each face, A s=339
mm2

Shear check:

Critical shear Vc = 0.79{(100As/bd)1/3 (400/d)1/4 (fcu/25)1/3}/1.25

Critical shear Vc = 0.79{(100*260/1000*164)1/3 (400/164)1/4

(35/25)1/3}/1.25

Actual shear V = load F/bd

17.99∗103/1000*164

V< Vc, therefore, Slab Shear capacity is Ok

Slab Deflection Limit Check:

 Tension Steel Modification Factor Mf = 1.84

Limiting Span/Depth ratio = 26

Actual Span/Depth ratio = 3288/164

Mf =26*1.84

Actual span/depth < M f *26

Therefore, Slab Deflection Limit is Ok

Slab Crack Limit Check:

BS8110 clause 3.12.11.2.7, the slab satisfies the following conditions

Slab depth= 164mm<200mm

Steel grade used is 460N/mm2

100 A s
= 0.13%<0.3%
bd

Therefore, no further checks are required

Slab transverse Reinforcement:

8.5KNm
BS8110 Table 3.27
17.99KN
Minimum Transverse Reinforcement from Asmin = 0.15%bh

A smin = 0.15 x 1000 x 200mm2 /m run

= 300mm 2 /m run
164mm
Therefore, provide transverse reinforcement as:
R10 at 200mm centers each face

SUPPORTING ROOF BEAM DESIGN

0.02
Beam design followed almost the same procedure as wall design i.e.
The following checks were done: -
1. Beam Flexural strength
156mm
2. Shear Limit capacity; critical at supports
3. Beam Deflection Limit
4. Crack Width Limit
136mm2
The central beam was taken as most critical since it has longer spans
 and carries bigger load than the two other beams. Hence beam 260mm2
design has been based on this central beam.

Beam flexural strength:

BS 8110 Table 3.6 coefficients were used in the beam design since
spans are almost equal.

Total load = total load of roof slab + self-weight of the beam

= ((1.5*1*3.288*1.6)) + ((24*1.4*0.2*1*3.288)) +
(24*0.5*2.269*3.288*1.4)

The BMD produced indicated critical moments on the first and last
spans
Maximum Bending Moment = 0.09*102.6*3.288

Maximum Support Moment = 0.11*102.6*3.288 0.45N/mm2

The SFD indicated maximum shear at 1st interior support =

0.6*102.6

Designing for critical Sections: 1st span reinforcement from Mu 0.11N/mm2

=21.3KNm

Cover= 30mm, bars of 16mm diameter, Links 8mm diameter

d= 400-30-(16/2)-8
Actual flange =1644m

Effective beam width= ¿ ¿*span length)/5 + b

(0.7*3288)/5 +300

k obtained from formula as wall above

20
21.3∗106
K=
35∗760∗3542 47.84

lever arm z obtained from formula as wall

Z= 354[ 0.5 + √ 0.25−0.007/0.9]

Area of steel As also obtained from formula as wall

21.3∗106
As=
0.87∗460∗431
 Therefore, beam span tension reinforcement provided is:
2T16 at 100mm centers - span tension steel

Beam Support Reinforcement:

Taking 1st interior span as critical and Mu =26KNm

26∗106
Calculating : k=
35∗760∗3542

Z= 354[ 0.5 + √ 0.25−0.009/0.9]

26∗106
As =
0.87∗460∗354

Therefore, beam support tension reinforcement provided is:

2T16 at 100 mm centers - support tension steel

Beam shear capacity:

Beam shear capacity was checked as outlined in previous section for
wall:

Critical shear Vc = Critical shear Vc = 0.79{(100*402/936*454)1/3

(400/454)1/4 (35/25)1/3}/1.25

Actual shear V = (61.56*103)/(760*354)

Shear capacity of the beam is ok

Provide minimum size of beam reinforcement at the face of the

beam to control cracking

Beam Deflection Limit Check:

102.6KNm
Deflection limit check considered:

Limiting span /depth ratio =26

Modification factor for Tension Steel Mf 21.3KNm

Mf = 1.93 26KNm

Actual Span/ depth ratio = 3288/354 61.56KNm

=9
 Comparing Actual span/depth to limit span/depth (1.93x 26)
9< 50.18

Therefore, Beam deflection capacity is Ok

Crack Limit Check: 354mm

Allowable clear spacing limit was considered BS 8110 clause

3.12.11.2.7
760mm
Allowable clear spacing = 70000βb/fy

The factor βb =1 (where there is no moment redistribution)

0.0064
Therefor Clear allowable spacing = (70000 x 1)/460

= 152 > 100mm actual spacing

Therefore, crack limit is Ok 336mm

COLUMN DESIGN 123mm2

Assumptions made:
1. Columns acting as simple props
2. No moments induced due to water pressure

Column Slenderness Check:

Column was checked for slenderness using parameters from BS8110
Table 3.21 clause 3.8.4.3

Le/h 0.0077

(0.8*4400)/300
336mm
Le/h =12<15
183mm2
Therefore, the column will be designed as short braced column

Column loading:
Loading on column = [slab load + Beam load + self-weight]

= ((1.5*1*4.538*1.6)) + ((24*1.4*0.2*1*3.288)) +
(24*0.5*2.269*3.288*1.4) + (24*0.3*0.3*4400)
From formulae BS 8110 clause 3.8.4.3
Load, N = 0.35fcu Ac +0.67Ascfy

Using chart 27 of Bs 8110 part 3, the area of steel required was found 0.31N/ mm2
to be:
0.23N/mm2
A sc=¿ 720mm2

Therefore, 4T16 were provided and BS8110 clause requires no further

checks

Extra Reinforcement for column Base:

Calculation was based on Allowable soil bearing pressure of 44.4KN/m 2

From above column base was estimated at:

0.8m x 0.8m x 0.4m

Moment on face of column was calculated from:

M = qb2 /2 (BS8110 clause 3.11.2.2)

Where q is ultimate bearing pressure

b is distance from column face to edge of base

From above equation M = 13.6KNm/m run

Using k as in wall design; lever arm z as in wall design;

Area of steel As =520mm2 per meter run

Therefore, provide
T12 at 200mm centers within base area as extra reinforcement for
columns

Tank Base Design

Total factored loads carried by slab= Roof slab+ beam+ Wall+ Base self-
weight + weight of water

Loading due to weight of water = 9.81*13*4.4

152mm
Loading due to self- weight of the base = 0.3*24*13.15

Loading due to self-weight of the stem = 0.3*24*4.4

Loading due to roof slab = 0.2*24*13.15

Total unfactored loading

Factored loading = 1.4*750.61

Moments on the base

Moments due to water = 561.132*1.4*6.5

Moments due to the base self-weight = 94.68*1.4*6.65

Moment due to the stem = 31.68*1.4*13.15

Total Moments = 7158.65KNm

12
Total Moments 7158.63
=
Total factored loading 1050.85

Eccentricity, e = 6.81- (13.15/2)

Bearing Pressure =
V 6e
(1± )
B B

112.1KN/colum
= n
1050 6∗0.16
(1± )
13.3 13.3

Moment = 0.16*1050

d= 300-40- (16/2)

168∗10 6
K=
35∗1000∗2522

lever arm z obtained from formula as wall

Z= 252[ 0.5 + √ 0.25−0.088/0.9]

Area of steel As also obtained from formula as wall

 168∗10 6
As=
0.87∗460∗224.28

Therefore, provide T16 at 100mm centers

Crack Limit Check

0.8 f y
Es

0.8∗460
=
200∗103

x
Z= d- ( ¿
3
1457KN
x
= ∝e ρ + √ α e ρ(2+∝e ρ)
d
561.132KN
Es
∝e= Ec 94.68KN
( )
2
31.68KN

63.12KN
200∗10 3
∝e= 27∗103 750.61KN
( )
2
1050.85KN
A
ρ= s
bd

2010 5106.28KNm
ρ=
1000∗252
583.23KNm

587.65KNm
x
= −14.81∗0.008+ √ 14.81∗0.008( 2+ 0.008∗14.81)
248
6.81m
Z= 252-90
M
F s= 0.16m
A s∗Z
 120∗106
F s=
2010∗199

F 84.7KN/m2
ε s= s
Es
168KNm
279.69
ε s= 252mm
200∗103

1.36∗10−3<1.84∗10−3

(a−x ) 0.088
ε 1=¿ ε s *
(d −x)

(300−98)
ε 1=¿ 1.40∗10−3 *
(252−98)
224.28mm
b(h−x)( a−x )
ε m= ε 1 -
3 E s A s (d−x )

1871mm2
1000(300−98)(300−98)
ε m= 1.81∗10−3 -
3∗804∗200∗103 (252−98)

2
a cr= S b +C 2-∅ /2
4√
Where Sb is the bar spacing

C is the distance from the edge of the section to half bar diameter
0.00184

2
a cr= 100 + 48 2-16/2
√
4

From BS 8110 part 2, the crack width is given by:

Crack width = 3acr x εm

1+2(acr - cmin)/(h-x)
 14.81mm
−3
3∗61∗1.77∗10
= 61−40
1+2( )
300−98

Crack width is ok
0.008

98mm

272N/mm2

0.00136

0.0028

0.00177
Tank empty resisting soil pressure

The soil conditions were considered as follows: 61mm

The soils where the tank will be constructed were considered to be

medium dense granular soils with the following parameters:
Effective angle of friction 36 degrees
Saturated Bulk Density of soil,γ s 17KN/m 2
Pressure and moments due to earth pressure are calculated in the
attached sheet.

Rankine Coefficient of earth pressure K a = (1-sin36)/(1+sin36)

2 0.2mm
Moment due to earth pressure= K a γ s H /6

K and the lever arm Z were calculated

d= h-c-∅

c is the minimum cover=40mm

h is the wall thickness, 300mm

∅ is the bar diameter of reinforcing steel

d= 300-40-16/2

K= M u /f cu b d 2

M u is the ultimate moment from factored load

f cuis concrete strength

b is width of cantilever (i.e. meter run)

d is effective depth

62.75∗10 6
=
35∗1000∗2522

Lever arm Z= d[ 0.5 + √ ¿25-K/0.9)]≤ 0.95d

= 252[ 0.5+√ ¿ ¿
Area of steel= M u/(0.87 f y Z ¿

62.75∗10 6
=
0.87∗460∗239

Provide T16 at 150mm c/c at the earth face

0.260

252mm
0.028

239mm

656mm2