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    Force

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    anon-211243
    Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of two surfaces in contact. It converts kinetic energy into thermal energy. Friction occurs between solid objects in contact and between a solid object and a fluid. Friction arises from electromagnetic forces between atoms at contacting surfaces rather than from surface roughness alone. Surface area and roughness do affect friction at micro- and nano-scales where surface forces dominate over inertial forces.

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    Force

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    anon-211243
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    Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of two surfaces in contact. It converts kinetic energy into thermal energy. Friction occurs between solid objects in contact and between a solid object and a fluid. Friction arises from electromagnetic forces between atoms at contacting surfaces rather than from surface roughness alone. Surface area and roughness do affect friction at micro- and nano-scales where surface forces dominate over inertial forces.

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    Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of two surfaces in contact. It converts kinetic energy into thermal energy. Friction occurs between solid objects in contact and between a solid object and a fluid. Friction arises from electromagnetic forces between atoms at contacting surfaces rather than from surface roughness alone. Surface area and roughness do affect friction at micro- and nano-scales where surface forces dominate over inertial forces.

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    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    38 views2 pages

    Force

    Uploaded by

    anon-211243
    Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of two surfaces in contact. It converts kinetic energy into thermal energy. Friction occurs between solid objects in contact and between a solid object and a fluid. Friction arises from electromagnetic forces between atoms at contacting surfaces rather than from surface roughness alone. Surface area and roughness do affect friction at micro- and nano-scales where surface forces dominate over inertial forces.

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    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
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    Friction

    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    (Redirected from Frictional force)


    Jump to: navigation, search
    For other uses, see Friction (disambiguation).

    Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of two surfaces in contact or a surface
    in contact with a fluid (e.g. air on an aircraft or water in a pipe). It is not a fundamental
    force, as it is derived from electromagnetic forces between atoms and electrons, and so
    cannot be calculated from first principles, but instead must be found empirically. When
    contacting surfaces move relative to each other, the friction between the two objects
    converts kinetic energy into thermal energy, or heat. Friction between solid objects is
    often referred to as dry friction or sliding friction and between a solid and a gas or liquid
    as fluid friction. Both of these types of friction are called kinetic friction. Contrary to
    popular credibility, sliding friction is not caused by surface roughness, but by chemical
    bonding between the surfaces.[1] Surface roughness and contact area, however, do affect
    sliding friction for micro- and nano-scale objects where surface area forces dominate
    inertial forces.[2] Internal friction is the motion-resisting force between the surfaces of
    the particles making up the substance. Friction should not be confused with traction.
    Surface area does not affect friction significantly. However in traction it is essential.

    gravitation

    Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation is a physical law describing the


    gravitational attraction between bodies with mass. It is a part of classical mechanics and
    was first formulated in Newton's work Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica,
    first published on July 5, 1687. In modern language it states the following:

    Every point mass attracts every other point mass by a force pointing along the line
    intersecting both points. The force is proportional to the product of the two masses and
    inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the point masses:
    2

    where:

    • F is the magnitude of the gravitational force between the two point masses,
    • G is the gravitational constant,
    • m1 is the mass of the first point mass,
    • m2 is the mass of the second point mass,
    • r is the distance between the two point masses.

    In physics, a magnetic field is a vector field that permeates space and which can exert a
    magnetic force on moving electric charges and on magnetic dipoles (such as permanent
    magnets). When placed in a magnetic field, magnetic dipoles tend to align their axes to be
    parallel with the magnetic field, as can be seen when iron filings are in the presence of a
    magnet (see picture at right). In addition, a changing magnetic field can induce an electric
    field. Magnetic fields surround and are created by electric currents, magnetic dipoles, and
    changing electric fields. Magnetic fields also have their own energy, with an energy
    density proportional to the square of the field intensity.

    There are some notable specific instances of the magnetic field. For the physics of
    magnetic materials, see magnetism and magnet, and more specifically ferromagnetism,
    paramagnetism, and diamagnetism. For constant magnetic fields, such as are generated
    by stationary dipoles and steady currents, see magnetostatics. For magnetic fields created
    by changing electric fields, see electromagnetism.

    The electric field and the magnetic field are tightly interlinked, in two senses. First,
    changes in either of these fields can cause ("induce") changes in the other, according to
    Maxwell's equations. Second, according to Einstein's theory of special relativity, a
    magnetic force in one inertial frame of reference may be an electric force in another, or
    vice-versa (see relativistic electromagnetism for examples). Together, these two fields
    make up the electromagnetic field, which is best known for underlying light and other
    electromagnetic waves.

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