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    CP Project Report 045

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    Shahzad Khan
    Gravity is one of the four fundamental forces and is a non-contact force that is exerted through mass. Gravity is proportional to the product of the two masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them, as defined by Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation. Gravity is always attractive and gets weaker with the inverse square of the distance between objects.

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    CP Project Report 045

    Uploaded by

    Shahzad Khan
    27 views3 pages
    Gravity is one of the four fundamental forces and is a non-contact force that is exerted through mass. Gravity is proportional to the product of the two masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them, as defined by Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation. Gravity is always attractive and gets weaker with the inverse square of the distance between objects.

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    Cp Project Report 045

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    Gravity is one of the four fundamental forces and is a non-contact force that is exerted through mass. Gravity is proportional to the product of the two masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them, as defined by Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation. Gravity is always attractive and gets weaker with the inverse square of the distance between objects.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    27 views3 pages

    CP Project Report 045

    Uploaded by

    Shahzad Khan
    Gravity is one of the four fundamental forces and is a non-contact force that is exerted through mass. Gravity is proportional to the product of the two masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them, as defined by Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation. Gravity is always attractive and gets weaker with the inverse square of the distance between objects.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Gravity: One of the four fundamental forces

    Gravity is a non-contact force (a force that can be exerted on a body without touching it), one of four
    fundamental non-contact forces we know of. They are

    the gravitational force (gravity)


    the electromagnetic force (the force between charged particles or poles of magnets)
    the weak nuclear force
    the strong nuclear force

    The latter two are active only at distances as small as those present between protons and neutrons in
    the nuclei of atoms. Sometimes a non-contact force is called "force at a distance."
    Unlike the other three forces, gravity is a purely attractive force. If we bring a negative and a positive
    charge together, the electrostatic force is attractive (brings them together). But if we bring two positive
    charges or two negative charges together, they repel one another (opposites attract, likes repel).
    There is no such repulsive component to the gravitational force; you never see someone walking
    down the street suddenly get ejected from the planet by gravity.
    Isaac Newton (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton) and others determined, mostly from
    astronomical data — observations of the motions of planets in the sky — that the gravitational
    attraction is a property of mass, that it is proportional to the product of the two masses involved, and
    that it is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers of mass. Here is
    the definition:

    This diagram shows the picture that the law of gravitation describes:

    The Universal Law of Gravitation

    The Universal Law of Gravitation says that the force, F, between two objects of mass m 1 and m2 is directly
    proportional to the product of the masses
    and inversely proportional to the square of the distance, r, between them. The proportionality
    -11 2 -2
    constant (which just gets the units right) is G = 6.674 x 10 N·m Kg .
    Dependence of gravitational force on mass and distance
    The graph below shows how the force of gravity (F g) varies as one of the masses is increased from
    zero and the other is held constant. Fg is directly and linearly proportional to each mass — thus the
    linear graph.

    We generally think of gravity in terms of one variable mass and one fixed mass, like a planet. The
    force of gravity is greater on a more massive person than a less massive person, therefore the more
    massive person weighs more — weight, unlike mass, is a measure of force.
    The gravitational force on the moon is 1/6 that on Earth because the mass of the moon is about 1/6 the
    mass of Earth.

    The universal law of gravitation is called an inverse-square law because the force is inversely
    proportional to the square of the distance between two masses.

    We will see another inverse square law when we study the electrostatic force.
    The important thing about this feature of gravity is that if we double the distance between objects,
    2
    the force of gravity is reduced by a factor of four (2 ), not two. The graph shows that when r, the
    distance between masses, is small, the gravitational force is high, but as r is increased, the force
    drops non-linearly. The graph of force vs. the separation distance is quadratic:

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