ECNG 2001 Communication Systems I (Semester II 2015/2016) Final (60%)
ECNG 2001 Communication Systems I (Semester II 2015/2016) Final (60%)
ECNG 2001 Communication Systems I (Semester II 2015/2016) Final (60%)
Richelle Adams
Q1 Q2 Q3 Total
30 35 35 100
A baseband signal, vm (t), amplitude-modulates a carrier signal vc (t) = Vc cos(2πfc t) using Double Sideband
Suppressed-Carrier Amplitude Modulation P(DSB-SC AM). It should be noted that vm (t) is a periodic wave
5
which can be expressed as vm (t) = 2 + k=1 ck cos(2πkf0 t + θk ) where a20 and ck (for k = 1, 2, 3, . . .) are
a0
(a) Derive, sketch and fully annotate the magnitude spectrum of the DSB-SC AM wave.
(10 marks)
(2 marks)
(3 marks)
(d) At the receiver, a synchronous detector is used to demodulate the DSB-SC AM wave. The local oscillator
is vosc (t) = Vc cos(2π(fc + ∆f )t) where ∆f << f0 . Derive, sketch and annotate the magnitude spectrum
of the demodulated wave.
(15 marks)
Question 2 (35 marks)
Consider the message signal that is a single sinusoid, i.e., vm (t) = Vm cos(2πfm t), and that this signal
frequency-modulates a carrier, vc (t) = Vc cos(2πfc t).
(a) Derive, from first principles, an expression for the frequency spectrum of the modulated signal v(t).
(10 marks)
(b) Given that Vm = 2, fm = 250, Vc = 15 and fc = 15000, for the resulting frequency modulated wave v(t)
with frequency deviation constant kf = 500 Hz per volt, do the following:
(i) Calculate the practical bandwidth requirement of v(t). What is its theoretical bandwidth?
(4 marks)
(ii) Draw the magnitude spectrum of v(t). Be sure to include the amplitude levels and frequencies for
all the relevant components.
(10 marks)
(iii) Determine the power delivered by v(t) to a load of 50Ω.
(3 marks)
(c) To demodulate the frequency-modulated wave, a slope detector can be used. In its most basic form, it
consists of a differentiator followed by an envelope detector. Derive from first principles the recursive
equations that can be used in a simulation to model the behaviour of the slope detector.
(8 marks)
Question 3 (35 marks)
(a) Draw the functional block diagram of a superheterodyne receiver used in practical receiver systems.
Describe and explain the functionality of the superheterodyne receiver and its components. Identify
two main benefits of this type of receiver.
(10 marks)
(b) The noise produced by receiver electronics is usually modeled as Additive, White, Gaussian Noise
(AWGN).
(i) Draw the power spectral density for unfiltered White noise. What is its bandwidth?
(4 marks)
(ii) If an ideal bandpass filter with centre frequency, fIF , and bandwidth 2B is used in the IF section
of the receiver, draw the power spectral density of the narrowband noise at its output.
(4 marks)
(iii) Write a time-domain expression for the narrowband representation of noise and determine its
in-phase and quadrature components.
(2 marks)
(iv) Both the in-phase and quadrature noise components are Gaussian random processes. Using suitable
diagrams, explain what is meant by the term Gaussian random process. Provide an expression for
the probability density function of each noise component and from this, determine the probability
that the noise voltage exceeds some value d0 Volts.
(10 marks)
(v) Derive a simplified expression for the signal at the output of the envelope detector when a Standard
Amplitude Modulated (AM) signal that is corrupted by AWGN noise enters the envelope detector.
(5 marks)
APPENDIX