The operating system provides services to both users and programs. It provides an environment for programs to execute, handles input/output operations since programs cannot perform I/O directly, and enables file system manipulation like reading, writing, creating and deleting files. The operating system also facilitates program execution, communications between processes, error detection, and a user interface.
The operating system provides services to both users and programs. It provides an environment for programs to execute, handles input/output operations since programs cannot perform I/O directly, and enables file system manipulation like reading, writing, creating and deleting files. The operating system also facilitates program execution, communications between processes, error detection, and a user interface.
The operating system provides services to both users and programs. It provides an environment for programs to execute, handles input/output operations since programs cannot perform I/O directly, and enables file system manipulation like reading, writing, creating and deleting files. The operating system also facilitates program execution, communications between processes, error detection, and a user interface.
The operating system provides services to both users and programs. It provides an environment for programs to execute, handles input/output operations since programs cannot perform I/O directly, and enables file system manipulation like reading, writing, creating and deleting files. The operating system also facilitates program execution, communications between processes, error detection, and a user interface.
execute. – It provides users, services to execute the programs in a convenient manner. Operating System Services Program execution – system capability to load a program into memory and to run it. I/O operations – since user programs cannot execute I/O operations directly, the operating system must provide some means to perform I/O. File-system manipulation – program capability to read, write, create, and delete files. Communications – exchange of information between processes executing either on the same computer or on different systems tied together by a network. Implemented via shared memory or message passing. Error detection – ensure correct computing by detecting errors in the CPU and memory hardware, in I/O devices, or in user programs.
These are discussed in detail below
Operating System Services One set of operating-system services provides functions that are helpful to the user: User interface - Almost all operating systems have a user interface (UI) Varies between Command-Line (CLI), Graphics User Interface (GUI), Batch Program execution - The system must be able to load a program into memory and to run that program, end execution, either normally or abnormally (indicating error) I/O operations - A running program may require I/O, which may involve a file or an I/O device. File-system manipulation - The file system is of particular interest. Obviously, programs need to read and write files and directories, create and delete them, search them, list file Information, permission management. Operating System Services (Cont.) One set of operating-system services provides functions that are helpful to the user (Cont): Communications – Processes may exchange information, on the same computer or between computers over a network Communications may be via shared memory or through message passing (packets moved by the OS) Error detection – OS needs to be constantly aware of possible errors May occur in the CPU and memory hardware, in I/O devices, in user program For each type of error, OS should take the appropriate action to ensure correct and consistent computing Debugging facilities can greatly enhance the user’s and programmer’s abilities to efficiently use the system Operating System Services (Cont.) Another set of OS functions exists for ensuring the efficient operation of the system itself via resource sharing Resource allocation - When multiple users or multiple jobs running concurrently, resources must be allocated to each of them Many types of resources - Some (such as CPU cycles,mainmemory, and file storage) may have special allocation code, others (such as I/O devices) may have general request and release code. Accounting - To keep track of which users use how much and what kinds of computer resources Protection and security - The owners of information stored in a multiuser or networked computer system may want to control use of that information, concurrent processes should not interfere with each other Protection involves ensuring that all access to system resources is controlled Security of the system from outsiders requires user authentication, extends to defending external I/O devices from invalid access attempts If a system is to be protected and secure, precautions must be instituted throughout it. A chain is only as strong as its weakest link.
