Computer Network Answers

1.
Consider transmission of data directly between two servers 6,000 km apart through a geostationary
satellite situated 10,000 km from earth exactly between the two servers. We assume the transmission
speed of the network at 100Mb/s. Given these,
A. Find the propagation delay if data travels at a speed of 2x10^8 m/s.
B. Find the number of bits in transit during this propagation delay.
C. Determine how long it would take to send 10 bytes of data and to receive 2.5 bytes of data as its
acknowledgement.
A. Propagation delay is defined as time taken by packets over the transmission link and is limited by
speed of light. Propagation delay is given as:
Propagation speed is speed through which number of bits per second are transmitted.
Propagation speed is equal to speed of light, i.e. 2*10^8 m/s.
It will be 15 bytes of data in total.
Propagation Delay = Distance between servers/propagation speed
= 20,000/2*10^8
2. Show (by an example) that two-dimensional parity checks can detect and correct a single bit error.
Show by example of a double-bit error that can be detected but not corrected. Given this possibility,
suggest a scheme to handle multi-bit error problems.
A. Two dimensional parity checks can detect and correct single bit error. Example given below:
101101
100100
111010
110011
Fifth Octet of Header field is called Header Error Checksum. Information about the parity of header
fields is carried by HEC. CRC is used to correct and detect errors. Single bit error can detected and
corrected but double bit cannot be corrected.
4. When does it make sense only to use error-detecting codes instead of error-correcting codes?
Under what conditions the reverse would be preferred? Assume the data to be sent is the string
1110011001111001. We can use some generator polynomial such as G(x) = x8 + x + 1 to obtain the
cyclic-redundancy bits and transmit the appropriate frame comprising the data and these additional
bits. Show what would be required to transmit in this case.
A. Error distinguishing соdes аre embrасed when in reverse mistаke revisiоn strаtegies аre utilized
fоr deрendаble infоrmаtiоn trаnsmissiоn. In this strаtegy, the reсiрient sends аn inрut messаge
tо the sender tо illuminаte if а error free messаge hаs been gоtten. Аssuming there аre
mistаkes, the sender retrаnsmits the messаge. Mistаke distinguishing соdes аre tyрiсаlly blосk
соdes, where the messаge is isоlаted intо fixed-sized squаres оf рieсes, tо whiсh exсess рieсes
аre аdded fоr blunder disсоvery. Error reсоgnitiоn inсludes сheсking if аny mistаke hаs hаррened.
The quаntity оf mistаke bits аnd the kind оf blunder dоesn't mаke аny differenсe.
5. A population of 10,000 airline reservation stations are contending for the use of a single- slotted
ALOHA channel. The average station makes 18 requests/hour. A slot is 125 usec. What is the
approximate channel load? What is the throughput of the system? What happens to throughput if the
transmission rate is halved?
A. Since there are18 requests per hour by 1 station
18/3600= 1/200 requests per second by single station
and by 10,000 stations; it will be 50 requests per second
For 1 second = 50 requests
For 125 ms= 50 * 125 * 10^ -6

7. Minimally how many ports your router should have? What would be a router's expected set of
functions? Discuss them. If you are permitted to redesign your router, how would you design it?
Briefly rationalize your answer.
A. A router should have minimum of 3 ports.
Router's expected set of functions are:
Input ports: It performs physical layer functionality of termination of incoming physical link.
Switching Fabrics: Connect input and output ports of router.
Processor: It processes routing protocols.
Output ports: Output ports store datagram.
8. (a) What does /28 on an IP-address v.4 mean?
A. /28 means 28 of 32bits are network mask and 4 bits can be used to differentiate computers.
(b) is the address 158.12.26.32 in the system 158.12.120.14/28?
A. Yes, as 158.12.26.32 is a Class B address and therefore part of the system 158.12.120.14/28.
(c) Given the network mask for a system is 255.255.240.0, how many hosts are possible in it?
A. 255.255.240.0 subnet mask shows that out of 256 bits, only 14 hosts are available.
(d) What is the broadcast address for the network 158.12.120.14/28?
A. Broadcast address is a network address used to connect to all devices connected to multi access
communication networks.
Broadcast address is: 158.12.128.255

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1.

A. Find the propagation delay if data travels at a speed of 2x10^8 m/s.

B. Find the number of bits in transit during this propagation delay.

Propagation speed is equal to speed of light, i.e. 2*10^8 m/s.

It will be 15 bytes of data in total.

Propagation Delay = Distance between servers/propagation speed

A. Since there are18 requests per hour by 1 station

18/3600= 1/200 requests per second by single station

and by 10,000 stations; it will be 50 requests per second

For 1 second = 50 requests

For 125 ms= 50 * 125 * 10^ -6

A. A router should have minimum of 3 ports.

Router's expected set of functions are:

Switching Fabrics: Connect input and output ports of router.

Processor: It processes routing protocols.

Output ports: Output ports store datagram.

8. (a) What does /28 on an IP-address v.4 mean?

(b) is the address 158.12.26.32 in the system 158.12.120.14/28?

(d) What is the broadcast address for the network 158.12.120.14/28?

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